diff --git a/packages/cli/src/gemini.tsx b/packages/cli/src/gemini.tsx
index ab64420b3a..8519e62449 100644
--- a/packages/cli/src/gemini.tsx
+++ b/packages/cli/src/gemini.tsx
@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@ import { loadSettings, SettingScope } from './config/settings.js';
 import { getStartupWarnings } from './utils/startupWarnings.js';
 import { getUserStartupWarnings } from './utils/userStartupWarnings.js';
 import { ConsolePatcher } from './ui/utils/ConsolePatcher.js';
-import { runNonInteractive, runRalphWiggum } from './nonInteractiveCli.js';
+import { runNonInteractive } from './nonInteractiveCli.js';
+import { runRalphWiggum } from './ralphWiggum.js';
 import {
   cleanupCheckpoints,
   registerCleanup,
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/nonInteractiveCli.ts b/packages/cli/src/nonInteractiveCli.ts
index 9afba010d7..c31960ac57 100644
--- a/packages/cli/src/nonInteractiveCli.ts
+++ b/packages/cli/src/nonInteractiveCli.ts
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ import {
 } from './utils/errors.js';
 import { TextOutput } from './ui/utils/textOutput.js';
 
-interface RunNonInteractiveParams {
+export interface RunNonInteractiveParams {
   config: Config;
   settings: LoadedSettings;
   input: string;
@@ -55,179 +55,7 @@ interface RunNonInteractiveParams {
   resumedSessionData?: ResumedSessionData;
 }
 
-interface IterationResult {
-  iteration: number;
-  status: 'Success' | 'Failed';
-  testsPassed?: number;
-  testsFailed?: number;
-  testsTotal?: number;
-}
-
-function extractTestStats(output: string): {
-  passed?: number;
-  failed?: number;
-  total?: number;
-} {
-  // Common patterns for test runners (Vitest, Jest, Mocha, etc.)
-  const patterns = [
-    // Vitest/Jest: "Tests:       3 passed, 1 failed, 4 total"
-    /Tests:\s*(?:(\d+)\s+passed)?(?:,\s*)?(?:(\d+)\s+failed)?(?:,\s*)?(?:(\d+)\s+total)?/i,
-    // Mocha: "3 passing (10ms)"
-    /(\d+)\s+passing/i,
-    // Mocha: "1 failing"
-    /(\d+)\s+failing/i,
-    // Generic: "Passed: 3, Failed: 1"
-    /Passed:\s*(\d+)/i,
-    /Failed:\s*(\d+)/i,
-  ];
-
-  let passed: number | undefined;
-  let failed: number | undefined;
-  let total: number | undefined;
-
-  // Try Vitest/Jest pattern first as it is most comprehensive
-  const vitestMatch = output.match(patterns[0]);
-  if (vitestMatch && (vitestMatch[1] || vitestMatch[2] || vitestMatch[3])) {
-    passed = vitestMatch[1] ? parseInt(vitestMatch[1], 10) : 0;
-    failed = vitestMatch[2] ? parseInt(vitestMatch[2], 10) : 0;
-    total = vitestMatch[3] ? parseInt(vitestMatch[3], 10) : 0;
-    return { passed, failed, total };
-  }
-
-  // Fallback to individual patterns
-  const passingMatch = output.match(patterns[1]);
-  if (passingMatch) {
-    passed = parseInt(passingMatch[1], 10);
-  } else {
-    const passedMatch = output.match(patterns[3]);
-    if (passedMatch) passed = parseInt(passedMatch[1], 10);
-  }
-
-  const failingMatch = output.match(patterns[2]);
-  if (failingMatch) {
-    failed = parseInt(failingMatch[1], 10);
-  } else {
-    const failedMatch = output.match(patterns[4]);
-    if (failedMatch) failed = parseInt(failedMatch[1], 10);
-  }
-
-  return { passed, failed, total };
-}
-
-function printSummary(results: IterationResult[]) {
-  process.stderr.write('\n--- Ralph Wiggum Mode Summary ---\n');
-  process.stderr.write(
-    '| Iteration | Status  | Tests Passed | Tests Failed |\n',
-  );
-  process.stderr.write(
-    '|-----------|---------|--------------|--------------|\n',
-  );
-  for (const result of results) {
-    const passed = result.testsPassed !== undefined ? result.testsPassed : '-';
-    const failed = result.testsFailed !== undefined ? result.testsFailed : '-';
-    process.stderr.write(
-      `| ${result.iteration.toString().padEnd(9)} | ${result.status.padEnd(7)} | ${passed.toString().padEnd(12)} | ${failed.toString().padEnd(12)} |\n`,
-    );
-  }
-  process.stderr.write('---------------------------------\n\n');
-}
-
-import fs from 'node:fs';
-import path from 'node:path';
-
-// ... (existing imports)
-
-export async function runRalphWiggum({
-  config,
-  settings,
-  input,
-  prompt_id,
-  resumedSessionData,
-  completionPromise,
-  maxIterations,
-  memoryFile,
-}: RunNonInteractiveParams & {
-  completionPromise?: string;
-  maxIterations?: number;
-  memoryFile?: string;
-}): Promise<void> {
-  const effectiveMaxIterations = maxIterations ?? 10;
-  let iterations = 0;
-  let currentResumedSessionData = resumedSessionData;
-  const results: IterationResult[] = [];
-  const effectiveMemoryFile = memoryFile || 'memories.md';
-  const memoriesPath = path.join(process.cwd(), effectiveMemoryFile);
-
-  if (!fs.existsSync(memoriesPath)) {
-    fs.writeFileSync(
-      memoriesPath,
-      `# Ralph Wiggum Memories\n\nTask: ${input}\n\nUse this file (${effectiveMemoryFile}) to store notes on what worked and what didn't work across iterations. The agent will read this at the start of each run.\n\n`,
-    );
-  }
-
-  process.stderr.write(
-    `[Ralph Wiggum] Starting loop. Max iterations: ${effectiveMaxIterations}\n`,
-  );
-
-  while (iterations < effectiveMaxIterations) {
-    iterations++;
-    process.stderr.write(
-      `[Ralph Wiggum] Iteration ${iterations}/${effectiveMaxIterations}\n`,
-    );
-
-    let currentInput = input;
-    try {
-      if (fs.existsSync(memoriesPath)) {
-        const memories = fs.readFileSync(memoriesPath, 'utf-8');
-        if (memories.trim()) {
-          currentInput = `Context from previous iterations (${effectiveMemoryFile}):\n${memories}\n\nTask:\n${input}`;
-          process.stderr.write(
-            `[Ralph Wiggum] Loaded context from ${effectiveMemoryFile}\n`,
-          );
-        }
-      }
-    } catch (error) {
-      process.stderr.write(
-        `[Ralph Wiggum] Failed to read ${effectiveMemoryFile}: ${error}\n`,
-      );
-    }
-
-    const output = await runNonInteractive({
-      config,
-      settings,
-      input: currentInput,
-      prompt_id,
-      resumedSessionData: currentResumedSessionData,
-    });
-
-    const stats = extractTestStats(output);
-    const success =
-      completionPromise && output.includes(completionPromise) ? true : false;
-
-    results.push({
-      iteration: iterations,
-      status: success ? 'Success' : 'Failed',
-      testsPassed: stats.passed,
-      testsFailed: stats.failed,
-      testsTotal: stats.total,
-    });
-
-    if (success) {
-      process.stderr.write(
-        `[Ralph Wiggum] Completion promise "${completionPromise}" met. Exiting.\n`,
-      );
-      printSummary(results);
-      return;
-    }
-
-    // Clear resumedSessionData so we don't try to resume partially through
-    currentResumedSessionData = undefined;
-  }
-  process.stderr.write(
-    `[Ralph Wiggum] Max iterations reached without meeting completion promise.\n`,
-  );
-  printSummary(results);
-}
+// Moved to ralphWiggum.ts
 
 export async function runNonInteractive({
   config,
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/ralphWiggum.test.ts b/packages/cli/src/ralphWiggum.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..28cc7c9de9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/ralphWiggum.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2025 Google LLC
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
+import { runRalphWiggum } from './ralphWiggum.js';
+import * as nonInteractiveCli from './nonInteractiveCli.js';
+import fs from 'node:fs';
+import type { Config, ResumedSessionData } from '@google/gemini-cli-core';
+import type { LoadedSettings } from './config/settings.js';
+
+// Mock dependencies
+vi.mock('node:fs');
+vi.mock('./nonInteractiveCli.js');
+
+describe('runRalphWiggum', () => {
+  const mockConfig = {} as unknown as Config;
+  const mockSettings = {} as unknown as LoadedSettings;
+  const mockInput = 'Fix bugs';
+  const mockPromptId = 'prompt-123';
+  const mockResumedSessionData = {
+    conversation: { messages: [], sessionId: 'session-123' },
+    filePath: 'session.json',
+  } as unknown as ResumedSessionData;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.resetAllMocks();
+    // Default mock implementation for fs
+    vi.mocked(fs.existsSync).mockReturnValue(false);
+    vi.mocked(fs.writeFileSync).mockReturnValue(undefined);
+    vi.mocked(fs.readFileSync).mockReturnValue('');
+  });
+
+  it('should preserve resumedSessionData in second iteration', async () => {
+    // Setup runNonInteractive to return "Failed" first, then "Success"
+    const runNonInteractiveMock = vi.mocked(
+      nonInteractiveCli.runNonInteractive,
+    );
+    runNonInteractiveMock
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce('Test failed')
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce('Test Success');
+
+    await runRalphWiggum({
+      config: mockConfig,
+      settings: mockSettings,
+      input: mockInput,
+      prompt_id: mockPromptId,
+      resumedSessionData: mockResumedSessionData,
+      completionPromise: 'Success',
+      maxIterations: 2,
+    });
+
+    expect(runNonInteractiveMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+
+    // First call should have resumedSessionData
+    expect(runNonInteractiveMock.mock.calls[0][0].resumedSessionData).toBe(
+      mockResumedSessionData,
+    );
+
+    // Second call should have resumedSessionData (FIXED)
+    expect(runNonInteractiveMock.mock.calls[1][0].resumedSessionData).toBe(
+      mockResumedSessionData,
+    );
+  });
+});
diff --git a/packages/cli/src/ralphWiggum.ts b/packages/cli/src/ralphWiggum.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ae6d15eb45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/cli/src/ralphWiggum.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2025 Google LLC
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+import fs from 'node:fs';
+import path from 'node:path';
+import {
+  runNonInteractive,
+  type RunNonInteractiveParams,
+} from './nonInteractiveCli.js';
+
+interface IterationResult {
+  iteration: number;
+  status: 'Success' | 'Failed';
+  testsPassed?: number;
+  testsFailed?: number;
+  testsTotal?: number;
+}
+
+function extractTestStats(output: string): {
+  passed?: number;
+  failed?: number;
+  total?: number;
+} {
+  // Common patterns for test runners (Vitest, Jest, Mocha, etc.)
+  const patterns = [
+    // Vitest/Jest: "Tests:       3 passed, 1 failed, 4 total"
+    /Tests:\s*(?:(\d+)\s+passed)?(?:,\s*)?(?:(\d+)\s+failed)?(?:,\s*)?(?:(\d+)\s+total)?/i,
+    // Mocha: "3 passing (10ms)"
+    /(\d+)\s+passing/i,
+    // Mocha: "1 failing"
+    /(\d+)\s+failing/i,
+    // Generic: "Passed: 3, Failed: 1"
+    /Passed:\s*(\d+)/i,
+    /Failed:\s*(\d+)/i,
+  ];
+
+  let passed: number | undefined;
+  let failed: number | undefined;
+  let total: number | undefined;
+
+  // Try Vitest/Jest pattern first as it is most comprehensive
+  const vitestMatch = output.match(patterns[0]);
+  if (vitestMatch && (vitestMatch[1] || vitestMatch[2] || vitestMatch[3])) {
+    passed = vitestMatch[1] ? parseInt(vitestMatch[1], 10) : 0;
+    failed = vitestMatch[2] ? parseInt(vitestMatch[2], 10) : 0;
+    total = vitestMatch[3] ? parseInt(vitestMatch[3], 10) : 0;
+    return { passed, failed, total };
+  }
+
+  // Fallback to individual patterns
+  const passingMatch = output.match(patterns[1]);
+  if (passingMatch) {
+    passed = parseInt(passingMatch[1], 10);
+  } else {
+    const passedMatch = output.match(patterns[3]);
+    if (passedMatch) passed = parseInt(passedMatch[1], 10);
+  }
+
+  const failingMatch = output.match(patterns[2]);
+  if (failingMatch) {
+    failed = parseInt(failingMatch[1], 10);
+  } else {
+    const failedMatch = output.match(patterns[4]);
+    if (failedMatch) failed = parseInt(failedMatch[1], 10);
+  }
+
+  return { passed, failed, total };
+}
+
+function printSummary(results: IterationResult[]) {
+  process.stderr.write('\n--- Ralph Wiggum Mode Summary ---\n');
+  process.stderr.write(
+    '| Iteration | Status  | Tests Passed | Tests Failed |\n',
+  );
+  process.stderr.write(
+    '|-----------|---------|--------------|--------------|\n',
+  );
+  for (const result of results) {
+    const passed = result.testsPassed !== undefined ? result.testsPassed : '-';
+    const failed = result.testsFailed !== undefined ? result.testsFailed : '-';
+    process.stderr.write(
+      `| ${result.iteration.toString().padEnd(9)} | ${result.status.padEnd(7)} | ${passed.toString().padEnd(12)} | ${failed.toString().padEnd(12)} |\n`,
+    );
+  }
+  process.stderr.write('---------------------------------\n\n');
+}
+
+export async function runRalphWiggum({
+  config,
+  settings,
+  input,
+  prompt_id,
+  resumedSessionData,
+  completionPromise,
+  maxIterations,
+  memoryFile,
+}: RunNonInteractiveParams & {
+  completionPromise?: string;
+  maxIterations?: number;
+  memoryFile?: string;
+}): Promise<void> {
+  const effectiveMaxIterations = maxIterations ?? 10;
+  let iterations = 0;
+  const currentResumedSessionData = resumedSessionData;
+  const results: IterationResult[] = [];
+  const effectiveMemoryFile = memoryFile || 'memories.md';
+  const memoriesPath = path.join(process.cwd(), effectiveMemoryFile);
+
+  if (!fs.existsSync(memoriesPath)) {
+    fs.writeFileSync(
+      memoriesPath,
+      `# Ralph Wiggum Memories\n\nTask: ${input}\n\nUse this file (${effectiveMemoryFile}) to store notes on what worked and what didn't work across iterations. The agent will read this at the start of each run.\n\n`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  process.stderr.write(
+    `[Ralph Wiggum] Starting loop. Max iterations: ${effectiveMaxIterations}\n`,
+  );
+
+  while (iterations < effectiveMaxIterations) {
+    iterations++;
+    process.stderr.write(
+      `[Ralph Wiggum] Iteration ${iterations}/${effectiveMaxIterations}\n`,
+    );
+
+    let currentInput = input;
+    try {
+      if (fs.existsSync(memoriesPath)) {
+        const memories = fs.readFileSync(memoriesPath, 'utf-8');
+        if (memories.trim()) {
+          currentInput = `Context from previous iterations (${effectiveMemoryFile}):\n${memories}\n\nTask:\n${input}`;
+          process.stderr.write(
+            `[Ralph Wiggum] Loaded context from ${effectiveMemoryFile}\n`,
+          );
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      process.stderr.write(
+        `[Ralph Wiggum] Failed to read ${effectiveMemoryFile}: ${error}\n`,
+      );
+    }
+
+    const output = await runNonInteractive({
+      config,
+      settings,
+      input: currentInput,
+      prompt_id,
+      resumedSessionData: currentResumedSessionData,
+    });
+
+    const stats = extractTestStats(output);
+    const success =
+      completionPromise && output.includes(completionPromise) ? true : false;
+
+    results.push({
+      iteration: iterations,
+      status: success ? 'Success' : 'Failed',
+      testsPassed: stats.passed,
+      testsFailed: stats.failed,
+      testsTotal: stats.total,
+    });
+
+    if (success) {
+      process.stderr.write(
+        `[Ralph Wiggum] Completion promise "${completionPromise}" met. Exiting.\n`,
+      );
+      printSummary(results);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // currentResumedSessionData = undefined; // Fixed: Keep resumedSessionData for subsequent iterations
+  }
+  process.stderr.write(
+    `[Ralph Wiggum] Max iterations reached without meeting completion promise.\n`,
+  );
+  printSummary(results);
+}