diff --git a/packages/core/src/utils/shell-utils.ts b/packages/core/src/utils/shell-utils.ts
index 8486be0de9..b0329c6e05 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/utils/shell-utils.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/utils/shell-utils.ts
@@ -108,6 +108,8 @@ export async function resolveExecutable(
 let bashLanguage: Language | null = null;
 let treeSitterInitialization: Promise<void> | null = null;
 let treeSitterInitializationError: Error | null = null;
+let parserState: 'uninitialized' | 'initializing' | 'initialized' | 'error' =
+  'uninitialized';
 
 class ShellParserInitializationError extends Error {
   constructor(cause: Error) {
@@ -163,16 +165,37 @@ async function loadBashLanguage(): Promise<void> {
 }
 
 export async function initializeShellParsers(): Promise<void> {
-  if (!treeSitterInitialization) {
-    treeSitterInitialization = loadBashLanguage().catch((error) => {
-      treeSitterInitialization = null;
-      // Log the error but don't throw, allowing the application to fall back to safe defaults (ASK_USER)
-      // or regex checks where appropriate.
-      debugLogger.debug('Failed to initialize shell parsers:', error);
+  if (parserState === 'uninitialized') {
+    parserState = 'initializing';
+    let timerId: NodeJS.Timeout | undefined;
+    const timeoutPromise = new Promise<void>((_, reject) => {
+      timerId = setTimeout(
+        () => reject(new Error('Tree-sitter initialization timed out')),
+        30000,
+      );
     });
+    treeSitterInitialization = Promise.race([
+      loadBashLanguage(),
+      timeoutPromise,
+    ])
+      .finally(() => {
+        if (timerId) clearTimeout(timerId);
+      })
+      .then(() => {
+        parserState = 'initialized';
+      })
+      .catch((error) => {
+        parserState = 'error';
+        treeSitterInitialization = null;
+        // Log the error but don't throw, allowing the application to fall back to safe defaults (ASK_USER)
+        // or regex checks where appropriate.
+        debugLogger.debug('Failed to initialize shell parsers:', error);
+      });
   }
 
-  await treeSitterInitialization;
+  if (treeSitterInitialization) {
+    await treeSitterInitialization;
+  }
 }
 
 export interface ParsedCommandDetail {
@@ -847,34 +870,40 @@ export const spawnAsync = async (
 
   const { program: finalCommand, args: finalArgs, env: finalEnv } = prepared;
 
-  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
-    const child = spawn(finalCommand, finalArgs, {
-      ...options,
-      env: finalEnv,
-    });
-    let stdout = '';
-    let stderr = '';
+  try {
+    return await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+      const child = spawn(finalCommand, finalArgs, {
+        ...options,
+        env: finalEnv,
+      });
+      let stdout = '';
+      let stderr = '';
 
-    child.stdout.on('data', (data) => {
-      stdout += data.toString();
-    });
+      child.stdout.on('data', (data) => {
+        stdout += data.toString();
+      });
 
-    child.stderr.on('data', (data) => {
-      stderr += data.toString();
-    });
+      child.stderr.on('data', (data) => {
+        stderr += data.toString();
+      });
 
-    child.on('close', (code) => {
-      if (code === 0) {
-        resolve({ stdout, stderr });
-      } else {
-        reject(new Error(`Command failed with exit code ${code}:\n${stderr}`));
-      }
-    });
+      child.on('close', (code) => {
+        if (code === 0) {
+          resolve({ stdout, stderr });
+        } else {
+          reject(
+            new Error(`Command failed with exit code ${code}:\n${stderr}`),
+          );
+        }
+      });
 
-    child.on('error', (err) => {
-      reject(err);
+      child.on('error', (err) => {
+        reject(err);
+      });
     });
-  });
+  } finally {
+    prepared.cleanup?.();
+  }
 };
 
 /**
@@ -902,109 +931,115 @@ export async function* execStreaming(
     env: options?.env ?? process.env,
   });
 
-  const { program: finalCommand, args: finalArgs, env: finalEnv } = prepared;
-
-  const child = spawn(finalCommand, finalArgs, {
-    ...options,
-    env: finalEnv,
-    // ensure we don't open a window on windows if possible/relevant
-    windowsHide: true,
-  });
-
-  const rl = readline.createInterface({
-    input: child.stdout,
-    terminal: false,
-  });
-
-  const errorChunks: Buffer[] = [];
-  let stderrTotalBytes = 0;
-  const MAX_STDERR_BYTES = 20 * 1024; // 20KB limit
-
-  child.stderr.on('data', (chunk) => {
-    if (stderrTotalBytes < MAX_STDERR_BYTES) {
-      errorChunks.push(chunk);
-      stderrTotalBytes += chunk.length;
-    }
-  });
-
-  let error: Error | null = null;
-  child.on('error', (err) => {
-    error = err;
-  });
-
-  const onAbort = () => {
-    // If manually aborted by signal, we kill immediately.
-    if (!child.killed) child.kill();
-  };
-
-  if (options?.signal?.aborted) {
-    onAbort();
-  } else {
-    options?.signal?.addEventListener('abort', onAbort);
-  }
-
-  let finished = false;
   try {
-    for await (const line of rl) {
-      if (options?.signal?.aborted) break;
-      yield line;
-    }
-    finished = true;
-  } finally {
-    rl.close();
-    options?.signal?.removeEventListener('abort', onAbort);
+    const { program: finalCommand, args: finalArgs, env: finalEnv } = prepared;
 
-    // Ensure process is killed when the generator is closed (consumer breaks loop)
-    let killedByGenerator = false;
-    if (!finished && child.exitCode === null && !child.killed) {
-      try {
-        child.kill();
-      } catch {
-        // ignore error if process is already dead
+    const child = spawn(finalCommand, finalArgs, {
+      ...options,
+      env: finalEnv,
+      // ensure we don't open a window on windows if possible/relevant
+      windowsHide: true,
+    });
+
+    const rl = readline.createInterface({
+      input: child.stdout,
+      terminal: false,
+    });
+
+    const errorChunks: Buffer[] = [];
+    let stderrTotalBytes = 0;
+    const MAX_STDERR_BYTES = 20 * 1024; // 20KB limit
+
+    child.stderr.on('data', (chunk) => {
+      if (stderrTotalBytes < MAX_STDERR_BYTES) {
+        errorChunks.push(chunk);
+        stderrTotalBytes += chunk.length;
       }
-      killedByGenerator = true;
+    });
+
+    let error: Error | null = null;
+    child.on('error', (err) => {
+      error = err;
+    });
+
+    const onAbort = () => {
+      // If manually aborted by signal, we kill immediately.
+      if (!child.killed) child.kill();
+    };
+
+    if (options?.signal?.aborted) {
+      onAbort();
+    } else {
+      options?.signal?.addEventListener('abort', onAbort);
     }
 
-    // Ensure we wait for the process to exit to check codes
-    await new Promise<void>((resolve, reject) => {
-      // If an error occurred before we got here (e.g. spawn failure), reject immediately.
-      if (error) {
-        reject(error);
-        return;
+    let finished = false;
+    try {
+      for await (const line of rl) {
+        if (options?.signal?.aborted) break;
+        yield line;
+      }
+      finished = true;
+    } finally {
+      rl.close();
+      options?.signal?.removeEventListener('abort', onAbort);
+
+      // Ensure process is killed when the generator is closed (consumer breaks loop)
+      let killedByGenerator = false;
+      if (!finished && child.exitCode === null && !child.killed) {
+        try {
+          child.kill();
+        } catch {
+          // ignore error if process is already dead
+        }
+        killedByGenerator = true;
       }
 
-      function checkExit(code: number | null) {
-        // If we aborted or killed it manually, we treat it as success (stop waiting)
-        if (options?.signal?.aborted || killedByGenerator) {
-          resolve();
+      // Ensure we wait for the process to exit to check codes
+      await new Promise<void>((resolve, reject) => {
+        // If an error occurred before we got here (e.g. spawn failure), reject immediately.
+        if (error) {
+          reject(error);
           return;
         }
 
-        const allowed = options?.allowedExitCodes ?? [0];
-        if (code !== null && allowed.includes(code)) {
-          resolve();
-        } else {
-          // If we have an accumulated error or explicit error event
-          if (error) reject(error);
-          else {
-            const stderr = Buffer.concat(errorChunks).toString('utf8');
-            const truncatedMsg =
-              stderrTotalBytes >= MAX_STDERR_BYTES ? '...[truncated]' : '';
-            reject(
-              new Error(
-                `Process exited with code ${code}: ${stderr}${truncatedMsg}`,
-              ),
-            );
+        function checkExit(code: number | null) {
+          // If we aborted or killed it manually, we treat it as success (stop waiting)
+          if (options?.signal?.aborted || killedByGenerator) {
+            resolve();
+            return;
+          }
+
+          const allowed = options?.allowedExitCodes ?? [0];
+          if (code !== null && allowed.includes(code)) {
+            resolve();
+          } else {
+            // If we have an accumulated error or explicit error event
+            if (error) reject(error);
+            else {
+              const stderr = Buffer.concat(errorChunks).toString('utf8');
+              const truncatedMsg =
+                stderrTotalBytes >= MAX_STDERR_BYTES ? '...[truncated]' : '';
+              reject(
+                new Error(
+                  `Process exited with code ${code}: ${stderr}${truncatedMsg}`,
+                ),
+              );
+            }
           }
         }
-      }
 
-      if (child.exitCode !== null) {
-        checkExit(child.exitCode);
-      } else {
-        child.on('close', (code) => checkExit(code));
-        child.on('error', (err) => reject(err));
-      }
-    });
+        if (child.exitCode !== null) {
+          checkExit(child.exitCode);
+        } else {
+          child.on('close', (code) => checkExit(code));
+          child.on('error', (err) => {
+            reject(err);
+          });
+        }
+      });
+    }
+  } finally {
+    prepared.cleanup?.();
   }
 }