diff --git a/.gemini/skills/offload/GEMINI.md b/.gemini/skills/offload/GEMINI.md
index 1b63882b18..0c453a726e 100644
--- a/.gemini/skills/offload/GEMINI.md
+++ b/.gemini/skills/offload/GEMINI.md
@@ -16,7 +16,10 @@
 - **Runtime**: The container runs as a persistent service (`--restart always`) acting as a "Remote Workstation" rather than an ephemeral task.
 
 ## Orchestration Logic
-- **Fast-Path SSH**: Land on the VM Host via standard SSH (using an alias like `gcli-worker`).
+- **Worker Provider Abstraction**: Infrastructure is managed via a `WorkerProvider` interface (e.g., `GceCosProvider`). This decouples the orchestration logic from the underlying platform.
+- **Robust Connectivity**: The system uses a dual-path connectivity strategy:
+    1. **Fast-Path SSH**: Primary connection via a standard SSH alias (`gcli-worker`) for high-performance synchronization and interaction.
+    2. **IAP Fallback**: Automatic fallback to `gcloud compute ssh --tunnel-through-iap` for users off-VPC or when direct DNS resolution fails.
 - **Context Execution**: Use `docker exec -it maintainer-worker ...` for interactive tasks and `tmux` sessions. This provides persistence against connection drops while keeping the host OS "invisible."
 - **Path Resolution**: Both Host and Container must share identical tilde (`~`) paths to avoid mapping confusion in automation scripts.
 
diff --git a/.gemini/skills/offload/scripts/check.ts b/.gemini/skills/offload/scripts/check.ts
index b396c29534..0ab6c18a97 100644
--- a/.gemini/skills/offload/scripts/check.ts
+++ b/.gemini/skills/offload/scripts/check.ts
@@ -1,17 +1,13 @@
-/**
- * Universal Deep Review Checker (Local)
- * 
- * Polls the remote machine for task status.
- */
 import { spawnSync } from 'child_process';
 import path from 'path';
 import fs from 'fs';
 import { fileURLToPath } from 'url';
+import { ProviderFactory } from './providers/ProviderFactory.ts';
 
 const __dirname = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
 const REPO_ROOT = path.resolve(__dirname, '../../../..');
 
-export async function runChecker(args: string[]) {
+export async function runChecker(args: string[], env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv = process.env) {
   const prNumber = args[0];
   if (!prNumber) {
     console.error('Usage: npm run review:check <PR_NUMBER>');
@@ -20,7 +16,7 @@ export async function runChecker(args: string[]) {
 
   const settingsPath = path.join(REPO_ROOT, '.gemini/settings.json');
   if (!fs.existsSync(settingsPath)) {
-    console.error('❌ Settings not found. Run "npm run review:setup" first.');
+    console.error('❌ Settings not found. Run "npm run offload:setup" first.');
     return 1;
   }
   const settings = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(settingsPath, 'utf8'));
@@ -29,9 +25,11 @@ export async function runChecker(args: string[]) {
     console.error('❌ Deep Review configuration not found.');
     return 1;
   }
-  const { remoteHost, remoteWorkDir } = config;
+  const { projectId, zone, remoteWorkDir } = config;
+  const targetVM = `gcli-offload-${env.USER || 'mattkorwel'}`;
+  const provider = ProviderFactory.getProvider({ projectId, zone, instanceName: targetVM });
 
-  console.log(`🔍 Checking remote status for PR #${prNumber} on ${remoteHost}...`);
+  console.log(`🔍 Checking remote status for PR #${prNumber} on ${targetVM}...`);
 
   const branchView = spawnSync('gh', ['pr', 'view', prNumber, '--json', 'headRefName', '-q', '.headRefName'], { shell: true });
   const branchName = branchView.stdout.toString().trim();
@@ -42,13 +40,15 @@ export async function runChecker(args: string[]) {
 
   console.log('\n--- Task Status ---');
   for (const task of tasks) {
-    const checkExit = spawnSync('ssh', [remoteHost, `cat ${logDir}/${task}.exit 2>/dev/null`], { shell: true });
-    if (checkExit.status === 0) {
-      const code = checkExit.stdout.toString().trim();
+    const exitFile = `${logDir}/${task}.exit`;
+    const checkExit = await provider.getExecOutput(`[ -f ${exitFile} ] && cat ${exitFile}`, { wrapContainer: 'maintainer-worker' });
+    
+    if (checkExit.status === 0 && checkExit.stdout.trim()) {
+      const code = checkExit.stdout.trim();
       console.log(`  ${code === '0' ? '✅' : '❌'} ${task.padEnd(10)}: ${code === '0' ? 'SUCCESS' : `FAILED (exit ${code})`}`);
     } else {
-      const checkRunning = spawnSync('ssh', [remoteHost, `[ -f ${logDir}/${task}.log ]`], { shell: true });
-      if (checkRunning.status === 0) {
+      const checkRunning = await provider.exec(`[ -f ${logDir}/${task}.log ]`, { wrapContainer: 'maintainer-worker' });
+      if (checkRunning === 0) {
         console.log(`  ⏳ ${task.padEnd(10)}: RUNNING`);
       } else {
         console.log(`  💤 ${task.padEnd(10)}: PENDING`);
diff --git a/.gemini/skills/offload/scripts/fleet.ts b/.gemini/skills/offload/scripts/fleet.ts
index 55d32dfd61..daa11d1581 100644
--- a/.gemini/skills/offload/scripts/fleet.ts
+++ b/.gemini/skills/offload/scripts/fleet.ts
@@ -6,150 +6,84 @@
 import { spawnSync } from 'child_process';
 import path from 'path';
 import fs from 'fs';
-import os from 'os';
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'url';
+import { ProviderFactory } from './providers/ProviderFactory.ts';
+
+const __dirname = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
+const REPO_ROOT = path.resolve(__dirname, '../../../..');
 
 const PROJECT_ID = 'gemini-cli-team-quota';
 const USER = process.env.USER || 'mattkorwel';
 const INSTANCE_PREFIX = `gcli-offload-${USER}`;
+const DEFAULT_ZONE = 'us-west1-a';
 
 async function listWorkers() {
   console.log(`🔍 Listing Offload Workers for ${USER} in ${PROJECT_ID}...`);
   
-  const result = spawnSync('gcloud', [
+  spawnSync('gcloud', [
     'compute', 'instances', 'list',
     '--project', PROJECT_ID,
     '--filter', `name~^${INSTANCE_PREFIX}`,
     '--format', 'table(name,zone,status,networkInterfaces[0].networkIP:label=INTERNAL_IP,creationTimestamp)'
   ], { stdio: 'inherit' });
-
-  if (result.status !== 0) {
-    console.error('\n❌ Failed to list workers. Ensure you have access to the project and gcloud is authenticated.');
-  }
 }
 
 async function provisionWorker() {
-  const name = INSTANCE_PREFIX;
-  const zone = 'us-west1-a';
-  const imageUri = 'us-docker.pkg.dev/gemini-code-dev/gemini-cli/maintainer:latest';
-  
-  console.log(`🔍 Checking if worker ${name} already exists...`);
-  const existCheck = spawnSync('gcloud', [
-    'compute', 'instances', 'describe', name,
-    '--project', PROJECT_ID,
-    '--zone', zone
-  ], { stdio: 'pipe' });
+  const provider = ProviderFactory.getProvider({ 
+    projectId: PROJECT_ID, 
+    zone: DEFAULT_ZONE, 
+    instanceName: INSTANCE_PREFIX 
+  });
 
-  if (existCheck.status === 0) {
-    console.log(`✅ Worker ${name} already exists and is ready for use.`);
+  const status = await provider.getStatus();
+  if (status.status !== 'UNKNOWN' && status.status !== 'ERROR') {
+    console.log(`✅ Worker ${INSTANCE_PREFIX} already exists and is ${status.status}.`);
     return;
   }
 
-  console.log(`🚀 Provisioning modern container worker (COS + Startup Script): ${name}...`);
-  
-  // Get local public key for native SSH access
-  const pubKeyPath = path.join(os.homedir(), '.ssh/google_compute_engine.pub');
-  const pubKey = fs.existsSync(pubKeyPath) ? fs.readFileSync(pubKeyPath, 'utf8').trim() : '';
-  const sshKeyMetadata = pubKey ? `${USER}:${pubKey}` : '';
-
-  // Direct Startup Script for COS (Native Docker launch)
-  const startupScript = `#!/bin/bash
-    # Pull and Run the maintainer container
-    docker pull ${imageUri}
-    docker run -d --name maintainer-worker --restart always \\
-      -v /home/node/dev:/home/node/dev:rw \\
-      -v /home/node/.gemini:/home/node/.gemini:rw \\
-      -v /home/node/.offload:/home/node/.offload:rw \\
-      ${imageUri} /bin/bash -c "while true; do sleep 1000; done"
-  `;
-
-  const result = spawnSync('gcloud', [
-    'compute', 'instances', 'create', name,
-    '--project', PROJECT_ID,
-    '--zone', 'us-west1-a',
-    '--machine-type', 'n2-standard-8',
-    '--image-family', 'cos-stable',
-    '--image-project', 'cos-cloud',
-    '--boot-disk-size', '200GB',
-    '--boot-disk-type', 'pd-balanced',
-    '--metadata', `startup-script=${startupScript},enable-oslogin=TRUE${sshKeyMetadata ? `,ssh-keys=${sshKeyMetadata}` : ''}`,
-    '--labels', `owner=${USER.replace(/[^a-z0-9_-]/g, '_')},type=offload-worker`,
-    '--tags', `gcli-offload-${USER}`,
-    '--network-interface', 'network-tier=PREMIUM,no-address',
-    '--scopes', 'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform'
-  ], { stdio: 'inherit' });
-
-  if (result.status === 0) {
-    console.log(`\n✅ Worker ${name} is being provisioned.`);
-    console.log(`👉 Container 'maintainer-worker' will start natively via Cloud-Init.`);
-  }
-}
-
-async function createImage() {
-  const name = `gcli-maintainer-worker-build-${Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000)}`;
-  const zone = 'us-west1-a';
-  const imageName = 'gcli-maintainer-worker-v1';
-
-  console.log(`🏗️  Building Maintainer Image: ${imageName}...`);
-
-  // 1. Create a temporary builder VM
-  console.log('   - Creating temporary builder VM...');
-  spawnSync('gcloud', [
-    'compute', 'instances', 'create', name,
-    '--project', PROJECT_ID,
-    '--zone', zone,
-    '--machine-type', 'n2-standard-4',
-    '--image-family', 'ubuntu-2204-lts',
-    '--image-project', 'ubuntu-os-cloud',
-    '--metadata-from-file', `startup-script=.gemini/skills/offload/scripts/provision-worker.sh`
-  ], { stdio: 'inherit' });
-
-  console.log('\n⏳ Waiting for provisioning to complete (this takes ~3-5 mins)...');
-  console.log('   - You can tail the startup script via:');
-  console.log(`     gcloud compute instances get-serial-port-output ${name} --project ${PROJECT_ID} --zone ${zone} --follow`);
-  
-  // Note: For a true automation we'd poll here, but for a maintainer tool,
-  // we'll provide the instructions to finalize.
-  console.log(`\n👉 Once provisioning is DONE, run these commands to finalize:`);
-  console.log(`   1. gcloud compute instances stop ${name} --project ${PROJECT_ID} --zone ${zone}`);
-  console.log(`   2. gcloud compute images create ${imageName} --project ${PROJECT_ID} --source-disk ${name} --source-disk-zone ${zone} --family gcli-maintainer-worker`);
-  console.log(`   3. gcloud compute instances delete ${name} --project ${PROJECT_ID} --zone ${zone} --quiet`);
+  await provider.provision();
 }
 
 async function stopWorker() {
-  const name = INSTANCE_PREFIX;
-  const zone = 'us-west1-a';
+  const provider = ProviderFactory.getProvider({ 
+    projectId: PROJECT_ID, 
+    zone: DEFAULT_ZONE, 
+    instanceName: INSTANCE_PREFIX 
+  });
   
-  console.log(`🛑 Stopping offload worker: ${name}...`);
-  const result = spawnSync('gcloud', [
-    'compute', 'instances', 'stop', name,
-    '--project', PROJECT_ID,
-    '--zone', zone
-  ], { stdio: 'inherit' });
-
-  if (result.status === 0) {
-    console.log(`\n✅ Worker ${name} has been stopped.`);
-  }
+  console.log(`🛑 Stopping offload worker: ${INSTANCE_PREFIX}...`);
+  await provider.stop();
 }
 
 async function remoteStatus() {
-  const name = INSTANCE_PREFIX;
-  const sshConfigPath = path.join(path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)), '../../offload_ssh_config');
-  console.log(`📡 Fetching remote status from ${name}...`);
-  spawnSync('ssh', ['-F', sshConfigPath, 'gcli-worker', 'tsx .offload/scripts/status.ts'], { stdio: 'inherit', shell: true });
+  const settingsPath = path.join(REPO_ROOT, '.gemini/settings.json');
+  if (!fs.existsSync(settingsPath)) {
+      console.error('❌ Settings not found. Run "npm run offload:setup" first.');
+      return;
+  }
+  const settings = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(settingsPath, 'utf8'));
+  const config = settings.maintainer?.deepReview;
+  
+  const provider = ProviderFactory.getProvider({ 
+    projectId: config?.projectId || PROJECT_ID, 
+    zone: config?.zone || DEFAULT_ZONE, 
+    instanceName: INSTANCE_PREFIX 
+  });
+
+  console.log(`📡 Fetching remote status from ${INSTANCE_PREFIX}...`);
+  await provider.exec('tsx .offload/scripts/status.ts');
 }
 
 async function rebuildWorker() {
-  const name = INSTANCE_PREFIX;
-  console.log(`🔥 Rebuilding worker ${name}...`);
+  console.log(`🔥 Rebuilding worker ${INSTANCE_PREFIX}...`);
   
-  // Clear isolated known_hosts to prevent ID mismatch on rebuild
-  const knownHostsPath = path.join(path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)), '../../offload_known_hosts');
+  const knownHostsPath = path.join(REPO_ROOT, '.gemini/offload_known_hosts');
   if (fs.existsSync(knownHostsPath)) {
       console.log(`   - Clearing isolated known_hosts...`);
       fs.unlinkSync(knownHostsPath);
   }
 
-  spawnSync('gcloud', ['compute', 'instances', 'delete', name, '--project', PROJECT_ID, '--zone', 'us-west1-a', '--quiet'], { stdio: 'inherit' });
+  spawnSync('gcloud', ['compute', 'instances', 'delete', INSTANCE_PREFIX, '--project', PROJECT_ID, '--zone', DEFAULT_ZONE, '--quiet'], { stdio: 'inherit' });
   await provisionWorker();
 }
 
@@ -172,9 +106,6 @@ async function main() {
     case 'status':
       await remoteStatus();
       break;
-    case 'create-image':
-      await createImage();
-      break;
     default:
       console.error(`❌ Unknown fleet action: ${action}`);
       process.exit(1);
diff --git a/.gemini/skills/offload/scripts/orchestrator.ts b/.gemini/skills/offload/scripts/orchestrator.ts
index 5aa73bc77c..286fc4f09b 100644
--- a/.gemini/skills/offload/scripts/orchestrator.ts
+++ b/.gemini/skills/offload/scripts/orchestrator.ts
@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@
  * 
  * Automatically connects to your dedicated worker and launches a persistent tmux task.
  */
-import { spawnSync } from 'child_process';
 import path from 'path';
 import fs from 'fs';
 import { fileURLToPath } from 'url';
+import { ProviderFactory } from './providers/ProviderFactory.ts';
 
 const __dirname = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
 const REPO_ROOT = path.resolve(__dirname, '../../../..');
@@ -24,38 +24,35 @@ export async function runOrchestrator(args: string[], env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv = p
 
   // 1. Load Settings
   const settingsPath = path.join(REPO_ROOT, '.gemini/settings.json');
-  const settings = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(settingsPath, 'utf8'));
-  const config = settings.maintainer?.deepReview;
-  if (!config) {
+  if (!fs.existsSync(settingsPath)) {
     console.error('❌ Settings not found. Run "npm run offload:setup" first.');
     return 1;
   }
+  const settings = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(settingsPath, 'utf8'));
+  const config = settings.maintainer?.deepReview;
+  if (!config) {
+    console.error('❌ Deep Review configuration not found.');
+    return 1;
+  }
 
-  const { projectId, zone, remoteHost, remoteWorkDir } = config;
+  const { projectId, zone, remoteWorkDir } = config;
   const targetVM = `gcli-offload-${env.USER || 'mattkorwel'}`;
+  
+  const provider = ProviderFactory.getProvider({ projectId, zone, instanceName: targetVM });
 
   // 2. Wake Worker
-  const statusCheck = spawnSync(`gcloud compute instances describe ${targetVM} --project ${projectId} --zone ${zone} --format="get(status)"`, { shell: true });
-  const status = statusCheck.stdout.toString().trim();
-
-  if (status !== 'RUNNING' && status !== 'PROVISIONING' && status !== 'STAGING') {
-    console.log(`⚠️ Worker ${targetVM} is ${status}. Waking it up...`);
-    spawnSync(`gcloud compute instances start ${targetVM} --project ${projectId} --zone ${zone}`, { shell: true, stdio: 'inherit' });
-  }
+  await provider.ensureReady();
 
   const remotePolicyPath = `~/.gemini/policies/offload-policy.toml`;
   const persistentScripts = `~/.offload/scripts`;
   const sessionName = `offload-${prNumber}-${action}`;
   const remoteWorktreeDir = `~/dev/worktrees/${sessionName}`;
-  const sshConfigPath = path.join(REPO_ROOT, '.gemini/offload_ssh_config');
-  const sshBase = `ssh -F ${sshConfigPath}`;
 
   // 3. Remote Context Setup (Parallel Worktree)
   console.log(`🚀 Provisioning persistent worktree for ${action} on #${prNumber}...`);
   
   let setupCmd = '';
   if (action === 'implement') {
-      // FIX: Always use explicit base (upstream/main) to prevent Branch Bleeding
       const branchName = `impl-${prNumber}`;
       setupCmd = `
         mkdir -p ~/dev/worktrees && \
@@ -64,7 +61,6 @@ export async function runOrchestrator(args: string[], env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv = p
         git worktree add -f -b ${branchName} ${remoteWorktreeDir} upstream/main
       `;
   } else {
-      // For PR-based actions, we fetch the PR head
       setupCmd = `
         mkdir -p ~/dev/worktrees && \
         cd ${remoteWorkDir} && \
@@ -73,52 +69,19 @@ export async function runOrchestrator(args: string[], env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv = p
       `;
   }
 
-  // Wrap in docker exec if needed
-  if (useContainer) {
-    setupCmd = `docker exec maintainer-worker sh -c ${q(setupCmd)}`;
-  }
-
-  spawnSync(`${sshBase} ${remoteHost} ${q(setupCmd)}`, { shell: true, stdio: 'inherit' });
+  await provider.exec(setupCmd, { wrapContainer: 'maintainer-worker' });
 
   // 4. Execution Logic (Persistent Workstation Mode)
-  // We use docker exec if container mode is enabled, otherwise run on host.
   const remoteWorker = `tsx ${persistentScripts}/entrypoint.ts ${prNumber} remote-branch ${remotePolicyPath} ${action}`;
   
-  let tmuxCmd = `cd ${remoteWorktreeDir} && ${remoteWorker}; exec $SHELL`;
-  if (useContainer) {
-    // If in container mode, we jump into the shared 'maintainer-worker' container
-    // We must use -i and -t for the interactive tmux session
-    tmuxCmd = `docker exec -it -w /home/node/dev/worktrees/offload-${prNumber}-${action} maintainer-worker sh -c "${remoteWorker}; exec $SHELL"`;
-  }
+  // We launch a tmux session inside the container
+  const tmuxCmd = `docker exec -it -w /home/node/dev/worktrees/${sessionName} maintainer-worker sh -c ${q(`${remoteWorker}; exec $SHELL`)}`;
+  const tmuxAttach = `tmux attach-session -t ${sessionName} 2>/dev/null || tmux new-session -s ${sessionName} -n 'offload' ${q(tmuxCmd)}`;
   
-  const sshInternal = `tmux attach-session -t ${sessionName} 2>/dev/null || tmux new-session -s ${sessionName} -n 'offload' ${q(tmuxCmd)}`;
-  
-  // High-performance primary SSH with IAP fallback
-  const finalSSH = `${sshBase} -o ConnectTimeout=5 -t ${remoteHost} ${q(sshInternal)} || gcloud compute ssh ${targetVM} --project ${projectId} --zone ${zone} --tunnel-through-iap --command ${q(sshInternal)}`;
+  // High-performance primary SSH with IAP fallback via Provider.exec
+  // Note: We use provider.exec for consistency and robustness
+  await provider.exec(tmuxAttach, { interactive: true });
 
-  // 5. Open in iTerm2
-  const isWithinGemini = !!env.GEMINI_CLI || !!env.GEMINI_SESSION_ID || !!env.GCLI_SESSION_ID;
-  if (isWithinGemini) {
-    const tempCmdPath = path.join(process.env.TMPDIR || '/tmp', `offload-ssh-${prNumber}.sh`);
-    fs.writeFileSync(tempCmdPath, `#!/bin/bash\n${finalSSH}\nrm "$0"`, { mode: 0o755 });
-
-    const appleScript = `
-      on run argv
-        tell application "iTerm"
-          set newWindow to (create window with default profile)
-          tell current session of newWindow
-            write text (item 1 of argv) & return
-          end tell
-          activate
-        end tell
-      end run
-    `;
-    spawnSync('osascript', ['-', tempCmdPath], { input: appleScript });
-    console.log(`✅ iTerm2 window opened on ${remoteHost} (Persistent Session).`);
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  spawnSync(finalSSH, { stdio: 'inherit', shell: true });
   return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/.gemini/skills/offload/scripts/playbooks/fix.ts b/.gemini/skills/offload/scripts/playbooks/fix.ts
index 23adb2e2c7..8aa0de0ac8 100644
--- a/.gemini/skills/offload/scripts/playbooks/fix.ts
+++ b/.gemini/skills/offload/scripts/playbooks/fix.ts
@@ -14,5 +14,5 @@ export async function runFixPlaybook(prNumber: string, targetDir: string, policy
            until the PR is fully passing and mergeable.`
   ], { stdio: 'inherit' });
 
-  return result.status || 0;
+  return result?.status ?? 1;
 }
diff --git a/.gemini/skills/offload/scripts/providers/BaseProvider.ts b/.gemini/skills/offload/scripts/providers/BaseProvider.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1dbe3ec969
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gemini/skills/offload/scripts/providers/BaseProvider.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2026 Google LLC
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+/**
+ * WorkerProvider interface defines the contract for different remote
+ * execution environments (GCE, Workstations, etc.).
+ */
+export interface WorkerProvider {
+  /**
+   * Provisions the underlying infrastructure.
+   */
+  provision(): Promise<number>;
+
+  /**
+   * Ensures the worker is running and accessible.
+   */
+  ensureReady(): Promise<number>;
+
+  /**
+   * Performs the initial setup of the worker (SSH, scripts, auth).
+   */
+  setup(options: SetupOptions): Promise<number>;
+
+  /**
+   * Executes a command on the worker.
+   */
+  exec(command: string, options?: ExecOptions): Promise<number>;
+
+  /**
+   * Executes a command on the worker and returns the output.
+   */
+  getExecOutput(command: string, options?: ExecOptions): Promise<{ status: number; stdout: string; stderr: string }>;
+
+  /**
+   * Synchronizes local files to the worker.
+   */
+  sync(localPath: string, remotePath: string, options?: SyncOptions): Promise<number>;
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the status of the worker.
+   */
+  getStatus(): Promise<WorkerStatus>;
+
+  /**
+   * Stops the worker to save costs.
+   */
+  stop(): Promise<number>;
+}
+
+export interface SetupOptions {
+  projectId: string;
+  zone: string;
+  dnsSuffix?: string;
+  syncAuth?: boolean;
+}
+
+export interface ExecOptions {
+  interactive?: boolean;
+  cwd?: string;
+  wrapContainer?: string;
+}
+
+export interface SyncOptions {
+  delete?: boolean;
+  exclude?: string[];
+}
+
+export interface WorkerStatus {
+  name: string;
+  status: string;
+  internalIp?: string;
+  externalIp?: string;
+}
diff --git a/.gemini/skills/offload/scripts/providers/GceCosProvider.ts b/.gemini/skills/offload/scripts/providers/GceCosProvider.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..84e1ad9e5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gemini/skills/offload/scripts/providers/GceCosProvider.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2026 Google LLC
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+import { spawnSync } from 'child_process';
+import path from 'path';
+import fs from 'fs';
+import os from 'os';
+import { WorkerProvider, SetupOptions, ExecOptions, SyncOptions, WorkerStatus } from './BaseProvider.ts';
+
+export class GceCosProvider implements WorkerProvider {
+  private projectId: string;
+  private zone: string;
+  private instanceName: string;
+  private sshConfigPath: string;
+  private knownHostsPath: string;
+  private sshAlias = 'gcli-worker';
+
+  constructor(projectId: string, zone: string, instanceName: string, repoRoot: string) {
+    this.projectId = projectId;
+    this.zone = zone;
+    this.instanceName = instanceName;
+    this.sshConfigPath = path.join(repoRoot, '.gemini/offload_ssh_config');
+    this.knownHostsPath = path.join(repoRoot, '.gemini/offload_known_hosts');
+  }
+
+  async provision(): Promise<number> {
+    const imageUri = 'us-docker.pkg.dev/gemini-code-dev/gemini-cli/maintainer:latest';
+    console.log(`🚀 Provisioning GCE COS worker: ${this.instanceName}...`);
+
+    const startupScript = `#!/bin/bash
+      docker pull ${imageUri}
+      docker run -d --name maintainer-worker --restart always \\
+        -v /home/node/dev:/home/node/dev:rw \\
+        -v /home/node/.gemini:/home/node/.gemini:rw \\
+        -v /home/node/.offload:/home/node/.offload:rw \\
+        ${imageUri} /bin/bash -c "while true; do sleep 1000; done"
+    `;
+
+    const result = spawnSync('gcloud', [
+      'compute', 'instances', 'create', this.instanceName,
+      '--project', this.projectId,
+      '--zone', this.zone,
+      '--machine-type', 'n2-standard-8',
+      '--image-family', 'cos-stable',
+      '--image-project', 'cos-cloud',
+      '--boot-disk-size', '200GB',
+      '--boot-disk-type', 'pd-balanced',
+      '--metadata', `startup-script=${startupScript},enable-oslogin=TRUE`,
+      '--network-interface', 'network-tier=PREMIUM,no-address',
+      '--scopes', 'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform'
+    ], { stdio: 'inherit' });
+
+    return result.status ?? 1;
+  }
+
+  async ensureReady(): Promise<number> {
+    const status = await this.getStatus();
+    if (status.status !== 'RUNNING') {
+      console.log(`⚠️ Worker ${this.instanceName} is ${status.status}. Waking it up...`);
+      const res = spawnSync('gcloud', [
+        'compute', 'instances', 'start', this.instanceName,
+        '--project', this.projectId,
+        '--zone', this.zone
+      ], { stdio: 'inherit' });
+      if (res.status !== 0) return res.status ?? 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  async setup(options: SetupOptions): Promise<number> {
+    const dnsSuffix = options.dnsSuffix || '.internal';
+    
+    // Construct hostname. We attempt direct internal first.
+    // We've removed 'nic0' by default as it was reported as inconsistent.
+    const internalHostname = `${this.instanceName}.${this.zone}.c.${this.projectId}${dnsSuffix.startsWith('.') ? dnsSuffix : '.' + dnsSuffix}`;
+
+    const sshEntry = `
+Host ${this.sshAlias}
+    HostName ${internalHostname}
+    IdentityFile ~/.ssh/google_compute_engine
+    User ${process.env.USER || 'node'}_google_com
+    UserKnownHostsFile ${this.knownHostsPath}
+    CheckHostIP no
+    StrictHostKeyChecking no
+    ConnectTimeout 5
+`;
+
+    fs.writeFileSync(this.sshConfigPath, sshEntry);
+    console.log(`   ✅ Created project SSH config: ${this.sshConfigPath}`);
+
+    console.log('   - Verifying connection and triggering SSO...');
+    const directCheck = spawnSync('ssh', ['-F', this.sshConfigPath, this.sshAlias, 'echo 1'], { stdio: 'pipe', shell: true });
+    
+    if (directCheck.status !== 0) {
+      console.log('   ⚠️ Direct internal SSH failed. Attempting IAP tunnel fallback...');
+      const iapCheck = spawnSync('gcloud', [
+        'compute', 'ssh', this.instanceName,
+        '--project', this.projectId,
+        '--zone', this.zone,
+        '--tunnel-through-iap',
+        '--command', 'echo 1'
+      ], { stdio: 'inherit' });
+
+      if (iapCheck.status !== 0) {
+        console.error('\n❌ All connection attempts failed. Please ensure you have "gcert" and IAP permissions.');
+        return 1;
+      }
+      console.log('   ✅ IAP connection verified.');
+    } else {
+      console.log('   ✅ Direct internal connection verified.');
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  async exec(command: string, options: ExecOptions = {}): Promise<number> {
+    const res = await this.getExecOutput(command, options);
+    return res.status;
+  }
+
+  async getExecOutput(command: string, options: ExecOptions = {}): Promise<{ status: number; stdout: string; stderr: string }> {
+    let finalCmd = command;
+    if (options.wrapContainer) {
+        finalCmd = `docker exec ${options.interactive ? '-it' : ''} ${options.cwd ? `-w ${options.cwd}` : ''} ${options.wrapContainer} sh -c ${this.quote(command)}`;
+    }
+
+    const sshBase = ['ssh', '-F', this.sshConfigPath, options.interactive ? '-t' : '', this.sshAlias].filter(Boolean);
+    const iapBase = [
+        'gcloud', 'compute', 'ssh', this.instanceName,
+        '--project', this.projectId,
+        '--zone', this.zone,
+        '--tunnel-through-iap',
+        '--command'
+    ];
+
+    // Try direct first
+    const directRes = spawnSync(sshBase[0], [...sshBase.slice(1), finalCmd], { stdio: options.interactive ? 'inherit' : 'pipe', shell: true });
+    if (directRes.status === 0) {
+      return { 
+        status: 0, 
+        stdout: directRes.stdout?.toString() || '', 
+        stderr: directRes.stderr?.toString() || '' 
+      };
+    }
+
+    console.log('⚠️ Direct SSH failed, falling back to IAP...');
+    const iapRes = spawnSync(iapBase[0], [...iapBase.slice(1), finalCmd], { stdio: options.interactive ? 'inherit' : 'pipe' });
+    return { 
+      status: iapRes.status ?? 1, 
+      stdout: iapRes.stdout?.toString() || '', 
+      stderr: iapRes.stderr?.toString() || '' 
+    };
+  }
+
+  async sync(localPath: string, remotePath: string, options: SyncOptions = {}): Promise<number> {
+    const rsyncArgs = ['-avz', '--exclude=".gemini/settings.json"'];
+    if (options.delete) rsyncArgs.push('--delete');
+    if (options.exclude) {
+      options.exclude.forEach(ex => rsyncArgs.push(`--exclude=${ex}`));
+    }
+
+    const sshCmd = `ssh -F ${this.sshConfigPath} -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=${this.knownHostsPath}`;
+    
+    // Try direct rsync
+    console.log(`📦 Syncing ${localPath} to ${this.sshAlias}:${remotePath}...`);
+    const directRes = spawnSync('rsync', [...rsyncArgs, '-e', sshCmd, localPath, `${this.sshAlias}:${remotePath}`], { stdio: 'inherit', shell: true });
+    
+    if (directRes.status === 0) return 0;
+
+    console.log('⚠️ Direct rsync failed, falling back to IAP-tunnelled rsync...');
+    const iapSshCmd = `gcloud compute ssh --project ${this.projectId} --zone ${this.zone} --tunnel-through-iap --quiet`;
+    const iapRes = spawnSync('rsync', [...rsyncArgs, '-e', iapSshCmd, localPath, `${this.instanceName}:${remotePath}`], { stdio: 'inherit', shell: true });
+    
+    return iapRes.status ?? 1;
+  }
+
+  async getStatus(): Promise<WorkerStatus> {
+    const res = spawnSync('gcloud', [
+      'compute', 'instances', 'describe', this.instanceName,
+      '--project', this.projectId,
+      '--zone', this.zone,
+      '--format', 'json(name,status,networkInterfaces[0].networkIP)'
+    ], { stdio: 'pipe' });
+
+    if (res.status !== 0) {
+      return { name: this.instanceName, status: 'UNKNOWN' };
+    }
+
+    try {
+      const data = JSON.parse(res.stdout.toString());
+      return {
+        name: data.name,
+        status: data.status,
+        internalIp: data.networkInterfaces?.[0]?.networkIP
+      };
+    } catch (e) {
+      return { name: this.instanceName, status: 'ERROR' };
+    }
+  }
+
+  async stop(): Promise<number> {
+    const res = spawnSync('gcloud', [
+      'compute', 'instances', 'stop', this.instanceName,
+      '--project', this.projectId,
+      '--zone', this.zone
+    ], { stdio: 'inherit' });
+    return res.status ?? 1;
+  }
+
+  private quote(str: string) {
+    return `'${str.replace(/'/g, "'\\''")}'`;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/.gemini/skills/offload/scripts/providers/ProviderFactory.ts b/.gemini/skills/offload/scripts/providers/ProviderFactory.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1d93cc5120
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gemini/skills/offload/scripts/providers/ProviderFactory.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2026 Google LLC
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+import { GceCosProvider } from './GceCosProvider.ts';
+import { WorkerProvider } from './BaseProvider.ts';
+import path from 'path';
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'url';
+
+const __dirname = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
+const REPO_ROOT = path.resolve(__dirname, '../../../..');
+
+export class ProviderFactory {
+  static getProvider(config: { projectId: string; zone: string; instanceName: string }): WorkerProvider {
+    // Currently we only have GceCosProvider, but this is where we'd branch
+    return new GceCosProvider(config.projectId, config.zone, config.instanceName, REPO_ROOT);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/.gemini/skills/offload/scripts/setup.ts b/.gemini/skills/offload/scripts/setup.ts
index 054e74647a..e77631d960 100644
--- a/.gemini/skills/offload/scripts/setup.ts
+++ b/.gemini/skills/offload/scripts/setup.ts
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
 import { spawnSync } from 'child_process';
 import path from 'path';
 import fs from 'fs';
-import os from 'os';
 import { fileURLToPath } from 'url';
 import readline from 'readline';
+import { ProviderFactory } from './providers/ProviderFactory.ts';
 
 const __dirname = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
 const REPO_ROOT = path.resolve(__dirname, '../../../..');
@@ -39,90 +39,55 @@ export async function runSetup(env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv = process.env) {
   const projectId = await prompt('GCP Project ID', 'gemini-cli-team-quota');
   const zone = await prompt('Compute Zone', 'us-west1-a');
   const targetVM = `gcli-offload-${env.USER || 'mattkorwel'}`;
-  const useContainer = await confirm('Use Container-Native mode (Container-Optimized OS)?');
+  
+  const provider = ProviderFactory.getProvider({ projectId, zone, instanceName: targetVM });
 
   console.log(`🔍 Verifying access and finding worker ${targetVM}...`);
-  const statusCheck = spawnSync(`gcloud compute instances describe ${targetVM} --project ${projectId} --zone ${zone} --format="json(status,networkInterfaces[0].networkIP)"`, { shell: true });
+  const status = await provider.getStatus();
   
-  let instanceData: any;
-  try {
-    const output = statusCheck.stdout.toString().trim();
-    if (!output) throw new Error('Empty output');
-    instanceData = JSON.parse(output);
-  } catch (e) {
+  if (status.status === 'UNKNOWN' || status.status === 'ERROR') {
     console.error(`❌ Worker ${targetVM} not found or error fetching status. Run "npm run offload:fleet provision" first.`);
     return 1;
   }
 
-  const status = instanceData.status;
-
-  if (status !== 'RUNNING') {
-    console.log(`⚠️ Worker is ${status}. Starting it for initialization...`);
-    spawnSync(`gcloud compute instances start ${targetVM} --project ${projectId} --zone ${zone}`, { shell: true, stdio: 'inherit' });
+  if (status.status !== 'RUNNING') {
+    await provider.ensureReady();
   }
 
-  // 1. Configure Isolated SSH Alias (Direct Internal Hostname)
-  console.log(`\n🚀 Configuring Isolated SSH Alias (Direct Internal Path)...`);
-  const dnsSuffix = await prompt('Internal DNS Suffix', '.internal.gcpnode.com');
+  // 1. Configure Isolated SSH Alias (Direct Internal Path with IAP Fallback)
+  console.log(`\n🚀 Configuring Isolated SSH Alias...`);
+  const dnsSuffix = await prompt('Internal DNS Suffix', '.internal');
 
-  // Construct the empirically verified high-performance hostname
-  const internalHostname = `nic0.${targetVM}.${zone}.c.${projectId}${dnsSuffix.startsWith('.') ? dnsSuffix : '.' + dnsSuffix}`;
+  const setupRes = await provider.setup({ projectId, zone, dnsSuffix });
+  if (setupRes !== 0) return setupRes;
 
-
-  const sshAlias = 'gcli-worker';
   const sshConfigPath = path.join(REPO_ROOT, '.gemini/offload_ssh_config');
   const knownHostsPath = path.join(REPO_ROOT, '.gemini/offload_known_hosts');
 
-  const sshEntry = `
-Host ${sshAlias}
-    HostName ${internalHostname}
-    IdentityFile ~/.ssh/google_compute_engine
-    User ${env.USER || 'mattkorwel'}_google_com
-    UserKnownHostsFile ${knownHostsPath}
-    CheckHostIP no
-    StrictHostKeyChecking no
-`;
-
-  fs.writeFileSync(sshConfigPath, sshEntry);
-  console.log(`   ✅ Created project SSH config: ${sshConfigPath}`);
-
   // 1b. Security Fork Management (Temporarily Disabled)
   const upstreamRepo = 'google-gemini/gemini-cli';
   const userFork = upstreamRepo; // Fallback for now
 
   // Resolve Paths
-  const sshCmd = `ssh -F ${sshConfigPath} -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=${knownHostsPath}`;
-  const remoteHost = sshAlias;
-  const remoteHome = '/home/node'; // Hardcoded for our maintainer container
-  const remoteWorkDir = `/home/node/dev/main`; // Use absolute path
+  const remoteWorkDir = `/home/node/dev/main`;
   const persistentScripts = `/home/node/.offload/scripts`;
 
   console.log(`\n📦 Performing One-Time Synchronization...`);
   
-  // Trigger any SSH/SSO prompts before bulk sync
-  console.log('   - Verifying connection and triggering SSO...');
-  const connCheck = spawnSync(sshCmd, [remoteHost, 'echo 1'], { stdio: 'inherit', shell: true });
-  if (connCheck.status !== 0) {
-      console.error('\n❌ SSH connection failed. Please ensure you have run "gcert" recently.');
-      return 1;
-  }
+  // Ensure host directories exist (using provider.exec to handle IAP fallback)
+  await provider.exec(`mkdir -p /home/node/dev/main /home/node/.gemini/policies /home/node/.offload/scripts`);
 
-  // Ensure host directories exist (on the VM Host)
-  spawnSync(sshCmd, [remoteHost, `mkdir -p /home/node/dev/main /home/node/.gemini/policies /home/node/.offload/scripts`], { shell: true });
-
-  const rsyncBase = `rsync -avz -e "${sshCmd}" --exclude=".gemini/settings.json"`;
-  
   // 2. Sync Scripts & Policies
   console.log('   - Pushing offload logic to persistent worker directory...');
-  spawnSync(`${rsyncBase} --delete .gemini/skills/offload/scripts/ ${remoteHost}:${persistentScripts}/`, { shell: true });
-  spawnSync(`${rsyncBase} .gemini/skills/offload/policy.toml ${remoteHost}:/home/node/.gemini/policies/offload-policy.toml`, { shell: true });
+  await provider.sync('.gemini/skills/offload/scripts/', `${persistentScripts}/`, { delete: true });
+  await provider.sync('.gemini/skills/offload/policy.toml', `/home/node/.gemini/policies/offload-policy.toml`);
 
   // 3. Sync Auth (Gemini)
   if (await confirm('Sync Gemini accounts credentials?')) {
     const homeDir = env.HOME || '';
     const lp = path.join(homeDir, '.gemini/google_accounts.json');
     if (fs.existsSync(lp)) {
-      spawnSync(`${rsyncBase} ${lp} ${remoteHost}:/home/node/.gemini/google_accounts.json`, { shell: true });
+      await provider.sync(lp, `/home/node/.gemini/google_accounts.json`);
     }
   }
 
@@ -146,22 +111,18 @@ Host ${sshAlias}
 
     const scopedToken = await prompt('\nPaste Scoped Token', '');
     if (scopedToken) {
-      spawnSync(sshCmd, [remoteHost, `mkdir -p /home/node/.offload && echo ${scopedToken} > /home/node/.offload/.gh_token && chmod 600 /home/node/.offload/.gh_token`], { shell: true });
+      await provider.exec(`mkdir -p /home/node/.offload && echo ${scopedToken} > /home/node/.offload/.gh_token && chmod 600 /home/node/.offload/.gh_token`);
     }
   }
 
   // 5. Tooling & Clone
   if (await confirm('Initialize tools and clone repository?')) {
-    if (!useContainer) {
-      spawnSync(sshCmd, [remoteHost, `sudo npm install -g tsx vitest`], { shell: true, stdio: 'inherit' });
-    }
-
     console.log(`🚀 Cloning fork ${userFork} on worker...`);
     const repoUrl = `https://github.com/${userFork}.git`;
     
     // Wipe existing dir for a clean clone and use absolute paths
     const cloneCmd = `rm -rf ${remoteWorkDir} && git clone --filter=blob:none ${repoUrl} ${remoteWorkDir} && cd ${remoteWorkDir} && git remote add upstream https://github.com/${upstreamRepo}.git && git fetch upstream`;
-    spawnSync(sshCmd, [remoteHost, cloneCmd], { shell: true, stdio: 'inherit' });
+    await provider.exec(cloneCmd);
   }
 
   // Save Settings
@@ -172,9 +133,10 @@ Host ${sshAlias}
   }
   settings.maintainer = settings.maintainer || {};
   settings.maintainer.deepReview = { 
-    projectId, zone, remoteHost, 
+    projectId, zone, 
+    remoteHost: 'gcli-worker', 
     remoteWorkDir, userFork, upstreamRepo,
-    useContainer,
+    useContainer: true,
     terminalType: 'iterm2'
   };
   fs.writeFileSync(settingsPath, JSON.stringify(settings, null, 2));
@@ -186,3 +148,4 @@ Host ${sshAlias}
 if (import.meta.url === `file://${process.argv[1]}`) {
   runSetup().catch(console.error);
 }
+
diff --git a/.gemini/skills/offload/tests/matrix.test.ts b/.gemini/skills/offload/tests/matrix.test.ts
index e6e53dfbd9..381c78e235 100644
--- a/.gemini/skills/offload/tests/matrix.test.ts
+++ b/.gemini/skills/offload/tests/matrix.test.ts
@@ -4,10 +4,12 @@ import fs from 'fs';
 import readline from 'readline';
 import { runOrchestrator } from '../scripts/orchestrator.ts';
 import { runWorker } from '../scripts/worker.ts';
+import { ProviderFactory } from '../scripts/providers/ProviderFactory.ts';
 
 vi.mock('child_process');
 vi.mock('fs');
 vi.mock('readline');
+vi.mock('../scripts/providers/ProviderFactory.ts');
 
 describe('Offload Tooling Matrix', () => {
   const mockSettings = {
@@ -15,37 +17,31 @@ describe('Offload Tooling Matrix', () => {
       deepReview: {
         projectId: 'test-project',
         zone: 'us-west1-a',
-        terminalType: 'none',
-        syncAuth: false,
-        geminiSetup: 'isolated',
-        ghSetup: 'isolated'
+        remoteWorkDir: '/home/node/dev/main'
       }
     }
   };
 
+  const mockProvider = {
+    provision: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(0),
+    ensureReady: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(0),
+    setup: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(0),
+    exec: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(0),
+    getExecOutput: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ status: 0, stdout: '', stderr: '' }),
+    sync: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(0),
+    getStatus: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ name: 'test-instance', status: 'RUNNING' }),
+    stop: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(0)
+  };
+
   beforeEach(() => {
-    vi.resetAllMocks();
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
     vi.mocked(fs.existsSync).mockReturnValue(true);
     vi.mocked(fs.readFileSync).mockReturnValue(JSON.stringify(mockSettings));
-    vi.mocked(fs.mkdirSync).mockReturnValue(undefined as any);
-    vi.mocked(fs.writeFileSync).mockReturnValue(undefined as any);
-    vi.mocked(fs.createWriteStream).mockReturnValue({ pipe: vi.fn() } as any);
-    vi.spyOn(process, 'chdir').mockImplementation(() => {});
+    vi.mocked(ProviderFactory.getProvider).mockReturnValue(mockProvider as any);
 
-    vi.mocked(spawnSync).mockImplementation((cmd: any, args: any) => {
-      const callStr = JSON.stringify({ cmd, args });
-      
-      // 1. Mock GCloud Instance List
-      if (callStr.includes('gcloud') && callStr.includes('instances') && callStr.includes('list')) {
-        return { status: 0, stdout: Buffer.from(JSON.stringify([{ name: 'gcli-offload-test-worker' }])), stderr: Buffer.from('') } as any;
-      }
-      
-      // 2. Mock GH Metadata Fetching (local or remote)
-      if (callStr.includes('gh') && callStr.includes('view')) {
-          return { status: 0, stdout: Buffer.from('test-meta\n'), stderr: Buffer.from('') } as any;
-      }
-      
-      return { status: 0, stdout: Buffer.from(''), stderr: Buffer.from('') } as any;
+    vi.mocked(spawnSync).mockImplementation((cmd: any) => {
+      if (cmd === 'gh') return { status: 0, stdout: Buffer.from('test-branch\n') } as any;
+      return { status: 0, stdout: Buffer.from('') } as any;
     });
 
     vi.mocked(spawn).mockImplementation(() => {
@@ -56,24 +52,16 @@ describe('Offload Tooling Matrix', () => {
             pid: 1234
         } as any;
     });
+
+    vi.spyOn(process, 'chdir').mockImplementation(() => {});
   });
 
   describe('Implement Playbook', () => {
     it('should create a branch and run research/implementation', async () => {
       await runOrchestrator(['456', 'implement'], {});
       
-      const spawnCalls = vi.mocked(spawnSync).mock.calls;
-      const ghCall = spawnCalls.find(call => {
-          const s = JSON.stringify(call);
-          return s.includes('gh') && s.includes('issue') && s.includes('view') && s.includes('456');
-      });
-      expect(ghCall).toBeDefined();
-
-      const sshCall = spawnCalls.find(call => {
-          const s = JSON.stringify(call);
-          return s.includes('gcloud') && s.includes('ssh') && s.includes('offload-456-implement');
-      });
-      expect(sshCall).toBeDefined();
+      expect(mockProvider.exec).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.stringContaining('git worktree add'), expect.any(Object));
+      expect(mockProvider.exec).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.stringContaining('tmux new-session'), expect.any(Object));
     });
   });
 
@@ -81,6 +69,7 @@ describe('Offload Tooling Matrix', () => {
     it('should launch the agentic fix-pr skill', async () => {
       vi.mocked(fs.existsSync).mockReturnValue(true);
       await runWorker(['123', 'test-branch', '/path/policy', 'fix']);
+      
       const spawnSyncCalls = vi.mocked(spawnSync).mock.calls;
       const fixCall = spawnSyncCalls.find(call => 
           JSON.stringify(call).includes("activate the 'fix-pr' skill")
diff --git a/.gemini/skills/offload/tests/orchestration.test.ts b/.gemini/skills/offload/tests/orchestration.test.ts
index 618e8cfb14..06b33e1687 100644
--- a/.gemini/skills/offload/tests/orchestration.test.ts
+++ b/.gemini/skills/offload/tests/orchestration.test.ts
@@ -1,85 +1,61 @@
 import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
-import { spawnSync, spawn } from 'child_process';
+import { spawnSync } from 'child_process';
 import fs from 'fs';
 import readline from 'readline';
 import { runOrchestrator } from '../scripts/orchestrator.ts';
 import { runSetup } from '../scripts/setup.ts';
-import { runWorker } from '../scripts/worker.ts';
+import { ProviderFactory } from '../scripts/providers/ProviderFactory.ts';
 
 vi.mock('child_process');
 vi.mock('fs');
 vi.mock('readline');
+vi.mock('../scripts/providers/ProviderFactory.ts');
 
-describe('Offload Orchestration (GCE)', () => {
+describe('Offload Orchestration (Refactored)', () => {
   const mockSettings = {
     maintainer: {
       deepReview: {
         projectId: 'test-project',
         zone: 'us-west1-a',
-        terminalType: 'none',
-        syncAuth: false,
-        geminiSetup: 'isolated',
-        ghSetup: 'isolated'
+        remoteWorkDir: '/home/node/dev/main'
       }
     }
   };
 
+  const mockProvider = {
+    provision: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(0),
+    ensureReady: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(0),
+    setup: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(0),
+    exec: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(0),
+    getExecOutput: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ status: 0, stdout: '', stderr: '' }),
+    sync: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(0),
+    getStatus: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({ name: 'test-instance', status: 'RUNNING' }),
+    stop: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(0)
+  };
+
   beforeEach(() => {
-    vi.resetAllMocks();
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
     vi.mocked(fs.existsSync).mockReturnValue(true);
     vi.mocked(fs.readFileSync).mockReturnValue(JSON.stringify(mockSettings));
-    vi.mocked(fs.mkdirSync).mockReturnValue(undefined as any);
     vi.mocked(fs.writeFileSync).mockReturnValue(undefined as any);
-    vi.mocked(fs.createWriteStream).mockReturnValue({ pipe: vi.fn() } as any);
+    
+    // Explicitly set the mock return value for each test
+    vi.mocked(ProviderFactory.getProvider).mockReturnValue(mockProvider as any);
+
+    vi.mocked(spawnSync).mockImplementation((cmd: any) => {
+      if (cmd === 'gh') return { status: 0, stdout: Buffer.from('test-branch\n') } as any;
+      return { status: 0, stdout: Buffer.from('') } as any;
+    });
 
     vi.spyOn(process, 'chdir').mockImplementation(() => {});
-    vi.spyOn(process, 'cwd').mockReturnValue('/test-cwd');
-    
-    // Default mock for gcloud instance info and describe
-    vi.mocked(spawnSync).mockImplementation((cmd: any, args: any) => {
-      const callInfo = JSON.stringify({ cmd, args });
-      if (callInfo.includes('compute') && callInfo.includes('describe')) {
-        return { status: 0, stdout: Buffer.from('RUNNING\n'), stderr: Buffer.from('') } as any;
-      }
-      if (callInfo.includes('gcloud') && callInfo.includes('ssh') && callInfo.includes('pwd')) {
-        return { status: 0, stdout: Buffer.from('/home/testuser\n'), stderr: Buffer.from('') } as any;
-      }
-      if (callInfo.includes('gh') && callInfo.includes('view')) {
-          return { status: 0, stdout: Buffer.from('test-meta\n'), stderr: Buffer.from('') } as any;
-      }
-      return { status: 0, stdout: Buffer.from(''), stderr: Buffer.from('') } as any;
-    });
-
-    vi.mocked(spawn).mockImplementation(() => {
-        return {
-            stdout: { pipe: vi.fn(), on: vi.fn() },
-            stderr: { pipe: vi.fn(), on: vi.fn() },
-            on: vi.fn((event, cb) => { if (event === 'close') cb(0); }),
-            pid: 1234
-        } as any;
-    });
   });
 
   describe('orchestrator.ts', () => {
-    it('should connect to the deterministic worker and use gcloud compute ssh', async () => {
+    it('should wake the worker and execute remote commands', async () => {
       await runOrchestrator(['123'], { USER: 'testuser' });
       
-      const spawnCalls = vi.mocked(spawnSync).mock.calls;
-      const sshCall = spawnCalls.find(call => 
-        JSON.stringify(call).includes('gcloud') && JSON.stringify(call).includes('ssh')
-      );
-
-      expect(sshCall).toBeDefined();
-      // Match the new deterministic name: gcli-offload-<USER>
-      expect(JSON.stringify(sshCall)).toContain('gcli-offload-testuser');
-      expect(JSON.stringify(sshCall)).toContain('test-project');
-    });
-
-    it('should construct the correct tmux session name', async () => {
-      await runOrchestrator(['123'], {});
-      const spawnCalls = vi.mocked(spawnSync).mock.calls;
-      const sshCall = spawnCalls.find(call => JSON.stringify(call).includes('tmux new-session'));
-      expect(JSON.stringify(sshCall)).toContain('offload-123-review');
+      expect(mockProvider.ensureReady).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(mockProvider.exec).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.stringContaining('git worktree add'), expect.any(Object));
     });
   });
 
@@ -93,31 +69,21 @@ describe('Offload Orchestration (GCE)', () => {
       vi.mocked(readline.createInterface).mockReturnValue(mockInterface as any);
     });
 
-    it('should verify project access during setup', async () => {
-      vi.mocked(spawnSync).mockImplementation((cmd: any) => {
-        if (cmd === 'gcloud') return { status: 0 } as any;
-        return { status: 0, stdout: Buffer.from('') } as any;
-      });
-
+    it('should use the provider to configure SSH and sync scripts', async () => {
       mockInterface.question
         .mockImplementationOnce((q, cb) => cb('test-project'))
         .mockImplementationOnce((q, cb) => cb('us-west1-a'))
-        .mockImplementationOnce((q, cb) => cb('n2-standard-8'))
-        .mockImplementationOnce((q, cb) => cb('y')) // syncAuth
-        .mockImplementationOnce((q, cb) => cb('none'));
+        .mockImplementationOnce((q, cb) => cb('.internal')) // dnsSuffix
+        .mockImplementationOnce((q, cb) => cb('n')) // sync auth
+        .mockImplementationOnce((q, cb) => cb('n')) // scoped token
+        .mockImplementationOnce((q, cb) => cb('n')); // clone
 
-      await runSetup({ HOME: '/test-home' });
+      // Ensure mockProvider is returned
+      vi.mocked(ProviderFactory.getProvider).mockReturnValue(mockProvider as any);
 
-      expect(vi.mocked(spawnSync)).toHaveBeenCalledWith('gcloud', expect.arrayContaining(['projects', 'describe', 'test-project']), expect.any(Object));
-    });
-  });
+      await runSetup({ USER: 'testuser' });
 
-  describe('worker.ts (playbooks)', () => {
-    it('should launch the review playbook', async () => {
-      vi.mocked(fs.existsSync).mockReturnValue(true);
-      await runWorker(['123', 'test-branch', '/test-policy.toml', 'review']);
-      const spawnCalls = vi.mocked(spawn).mock.calls;
-      expect(spawnCalls.some(c => JSON.stringify(c).includes("activate the 'review-pr' skill"))).toBe(true);
+      expect(mockProvider.setup).toHaveBeenCalled();
     });
   });
 });
diff --git a/.gemini/skills/offload/tests/playbooks/fix.test.ts b/.gemini/skills/offload/tests/playbooks/fix.test.ts
index c7de824f7f..8e5e3f683d 100644
--- a/.gemini/skills/offload/tests/playbooks/fix.test.ts
+++ b/.gemini/skills/offload/tests/playbooks/fix.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
-import { spawnSync, spawn } from 'child_process';
+import { spawnSync } from 'child_process';
 import fs from 'fs';
 import { runFixPlaybook } from '../../scripts/playbooks/fix.ts';
 
@@ -9,26 +9,15 @@ vi.mock('fs');
 describe('Fix Playbook', () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     vi.resetAllMocks();
-    vi.mocked(fs.mkdirSync).mockReturnValue(undefined as any);
-    vi.mocked(fs.writeFileSync).mockReturnValue(undefined as any);
-    vi.mocked(fs.createWriteStream).mockReturnValue({ pipe: vi.fn() } as any);
-    
-    vi.mocked(spawn).mockImplementation(() => {
-        return {
-            stdout: { pipe: vi.fn(), on: vi.fn() },
-            stderr: { pipe: vi.fn(), on: vi.fn() },
-            on: vi.fn((event, cb) => { if (event === 'close') cb(0); })
-        } as any;
-    });
+    vi.mocked(spawnSync).mockReturnValue({ status: 0 } as any);
   });
 
-  it('should register and run initial build, failure analysis, and fixer', async () => {
-    runFixPlaybook('123', '/tmp/target', '/path/policy', '/path/gemini');
+  it('should launch the agentic fix-pr skill via spawnSync', async () => {
+    const status = await runFixPlaybook('123', '/tmp/target', '/path/policy', '/path/gemini');
     
-    const spawnCalls = vi.mocked(spawn).mock.calls;
+    expect(status).toBe(0);
+    const spawnCalls = vi.mocked(spawnSync).mock.calls;
     
-    expect(spawnCalls.some(c => c[0].includes('npm ci'))).toBe(true);
-    expect(spawnCalls.some(c => c[0].includes('gh run view --log-failed'))).toBe(true);
-    expect(spawnCalls.some(c => c[0].includes('Gemini Fixer'))).toBe(false); // Should wait for build
+    expect(spawnCalls.some(c => JSON.stringify(c).includes("activate the 'fix-pr' skill"))).toBe(true);
   });
 });
diff --git a/.gemini/skills/offload/tests/playbooks/review.test.ts b/.gemini/skills/offload/tests/playbooks/review.test.ts
index d529c825ec..23140c071c 100644
--- a/.gemini/skills/offload/tests/playbooks/review.test.ts
+++ b/.gemini/skills/offload/tests/playbooks/review.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
-import { spawnSync, spawn } from 'child_process';
+import { spawn } from 'child_process';
 import fs from 'fs';
 import { runReviewPlaybook } from '../../scripts/playbooks/review.ts';
 
@@ -22,16 +22,15 @@ describe('Review Playbook', () => {
     });
   });
 
-  it('should register and run build, ci, analysis, and verification', async () => {
-    const promise = runReviewPlaybook('123', '/tmp/target', '/path/policy', '/path/gemini');
+  it('should register and run build, ci, and review tasks', async () => {
+    // We don't await because TaskRunner uses setInterval and we'd need to mock timers
+    // but we can check if spawn was called with the right commands.
+    runReviewPlaybook('123', '/tmp/target', '/path/policy', '/path/gemini');
     
-    // The worker uses setInterval(1500) to check for completion, so we need to wait
-    // or mock the timer. For simplicity in this POC, we'll just verify spawn calls.
     const spawnCalls = vi.mocked(spawn).mock.calls;
     
-    // These should start immediately (no deps)
     expect(spawnCalls.some(c => c[0].includes('npm ci'))).toBe(true);
     expect(spawnCalls.some(c => c[0].includes('gh pr checks'))).toBe(true);
-    expect(spawnCalls.some(c => c[0].includes('/review-frontend'))).toBe(true);
+    expect(spawnCalls.some(c => c[0].includes("activate the 'review-pr' skill"))).toBe(true);
   });
 });
diff --git a/.gemini/skills/offload/tests/provider.test.ts b/.gemini/skills/offload/tests/provider.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..786e762fa8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gemini/skills/offload/tests/provider.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
+import { spawnSync } from 'child_process';
+import fs from 'fs';
+import path from 'path';
+import { GceCosProvider } from '../scripts/providers/GceCosProvider.ts';
+
+vi.mock('child_process');
+vi.mock('fs');
+
+describe('GceCosProvider', () => {
+  const mockConfig = {
+    projectId: 'test-project',
+    zone: 'us-west1-a',
+    instanceName: 'test-instance',
+    repoRoot: '/test-root'
+  };
+
+  let provider: GceCosProvider;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.resetAllMocks();
+    provider = new GceCosProvider(mockConfig.projectId, mockConfig.zone, mockConfig.instanceName, mockConfig.repoRoot);
+    
+    vi.mocked(spawnSync).mockReturnValue({ status: 0, stdout: Buffer.from(''), stderr: Buffer.from('') } as any);
+  });
+
+  it('should provision an instance with COS image and startup script', async () => {
+    await provider.provision();
+    
+    const calls = vi.mocked(spawnSync).mock.calls;
+    const createCall = calls.find(c => c[1].includes('create'));
+    
+    expect(createCall).toBeDefined();
+    expect(createCall![1]).toContain('cos-stable');
+    expect(createCall![1]).toContain('test-instance');
+  });
+
+  it('should attempt direct SSH and fallback to IAP on failure', async () => {
+    // Fail direct SSH
+    vi.mocked(spawnSync)
+      .mockReturnValueOnce({ status: 1, stdout: Buffer.from(''), stderr: Buffer.from('fail') } as any) // direct
+      .mockReturnValueOnce({ status: 0, stdout: Buffer.from('ok'), stderr: Buffer.from('') } as any);   // IAP
+
+    const result = await provider.exec('echo 1');
+    
+    expect(result).toBe(0);
+    const calls = vi.mocked(spawnSync).mock.calls;
+    expect(calls[0][0]).toBe('ssh');
+    expect(calls[1][1]).toContain('--tunnel-through-iap');
+  });
+
+  it('should sync files with IAP fallback', async () => {
+    // Fail direct rsync
+    vi.mocked(spawnSync)
+      .mockReturnValueOnce({ status: 1 } as any) // direct
+      .mockReturnValueOnce({ status: 0 } as any); // IAP
+
+    await provider.sync('./local', '/remote');
+    
+    const calls = vi.mocked(spawnSync).mock.calls;
+    expect(calls[0][0]).toBe('rsync');
+    expect(calls[1][1]).toContain('gcloud compute ssh --project test-project --zone us-west1-a --tunnel-through-iap --quiet');
+  });
+});