Merge branch 'main' into gemini-cli-startup

# Conflicts:
#	packages/cli/src/config/config.ts
#	packages/cli/src/gemini.tsx
#	packages/cli/src/ui/AppContainer.tsx
#	packages/cli/src/ui/auth/AuthDialog.test.tsx
#	packages/cli/src/ui/auth/AuthDialog.tsx
#	packages/cli/src/ui/auth/LoginWithGoogleRestartDialog.test.tsx
#	packages/cli/src/ui/auth/LoginWithGoogleRestartDialog.tsx
#	packages/cli/src/ui/components/DialogManager.tsx
#	packages/cli/src/utils/cleanup.ts
#	packages/cli/src/utils/processUtils.test.ts
#	packages/cli/src/utils/processUtils.ts

packages/cli/src/config/config.test.ts

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import {
   type MergedSettings,
   createTestMergedSettings,
 } from './settings.js';
+import * as SettingsModule from './settings.js';
 import * as ServerConfig from '@google/gemini-cli-core';
 
 import { isWorkspaceTrusted } from './trustedFolders.js';
@@ -813,7 +814,7 @@ describe('Hierarchical Memory Loading (config.ts) - Placeholder Suite', () => {
   });
 
   it('should pass extension context file paths to loadServerHierarchicalMemory', async () => {
-    process.argv = ['node', 'script.js'];
+    process.argv = ['node', 'script.js', '--prompt', 'test'];
     const settings = createTestMergedSettings();
     vi.spyOn(ExtensionManager.prototype, 'getExtensions').mockReturnValue([
       {
@@ -862,7 +863,7 @@ describe('Hierarchical Memory Loading (config.ts) - Placeholder Suite', () => {
   });
 
   it('should pass includeDirectories to loadServerHierarchicalMemory when loadMemoryFromIncludeDirectories is true', async () => {
-    process.argv = ['node', 'script.js'];
+    process.argv = ['node', 'script.js', '--prompt', 'test'];
     const includeDir = path.resolve(path.sep, 'path', 'to', 'include');
     const settings = createTestMergedSettings({
       context: {
@@ -890,7 +891,7 @@ describe('Hierarchical Memory Loading (config.ts) - Placeholder Suite', () => {
   });
 
   it('should NOT pass includeDirectories to loadServerHierarchicalMemory when loadMemoryFromIncludeDirectories is false', async () => {
-    process.argv = ['node', 'script.js'];
+    process.argv = ['node', 'script.js', '--prompt', 'test'];
     const settings = createTestMergedSettings({
       context: {
         includeDirectories: ['/path/to/include'],
@@ -915,6 +916,39 @@ describe('Hierarchical Memory Loading (config.ts) - Placeholder Suite', () => {
       200,
     );
   });
+
+  it('should skip extension, memory, and PTY discovery in bootstrap mode', async () => {
+    process.argv = ['node', 'script.js'];
+    const settings = createTestMergedSettings();
+    const argv = await parseArguments(settings);
+    const loadSettingsSpy = vi.spyOn(SettingsModule, 'loadSettings');
+    const getPtySpy = vi.spyOn(ServerConfig, 'getPty');
+
+    await loadCliConfig(settings, 'session-id', argv, {
+      mode: 'bootstrap',
+      loadedSettings: { merged: settings } as SettingsModule.LoadedSettings,
+    });
+
+    expect(loadSettingsSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(ExtensionManager.prototype.loadExtensions).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(ServerConfig.loadServerHierarchicalMemory).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(getPtySpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('should defer extension and memory discovery during interactive startup', async () => {
+    process.argv = ['node', 'script.js'];
+    const settings = createTestMergedSettings();
+    const argv = await parseArguments(settings);
+    const getPtySpy = vi.spyOn(ServerConfig, 'getPty');
+
+    await loadCliConfig(settings, 'session-id', argv, {
+      loadedSettings: { merged: settings } as SettingsModule.LoadedSettings,
+    });
+
+    expect(ExtensionManager.prototype.loadExtensions).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(ServerConfig.loadServerHierarchicalMemory).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(getPtySpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
 });
 
 describe('mergeMcpServers', () => {

packages/cli/src/config/config.ts

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ import {
   resolveToRealPath,
   applyAdminAllowlist,
   getAdminBlockedMcpServersMessage,
+  startupProfiler,
   type HookDefinition,
   type HookEventName,
   type OutputFormat,
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@ import {
 import {
   type Settings,
   type MergedSettings,
+  type LoadedSettings,
   saveModelChange,
   loadSettings,
 } from './settings.js';
@@ -417,6 +419,8 @@ export function isDebugMode(argv: CliArgs): boolean {
 
 export interface LoadCliConfigOptions {
   cwd?: string;
+  mode?: 'bootstrap' | 'full';
+  loadedSettings?: LoadedSettings;
   projectHooks?: { [K in HookEventName]?: HookDefinition[] } & {
     disabled?: string[];
   };
@@ -428,10 +432,15 @@ export async function loadCliConfig(
   argv: CliArgs,
   options: LoadCliConfigOptions = {},
 ): Promise<Config> {
-  const { cwd = process.cwd(), projectHooks } = options;
+  const {
+    cwd = process.cwd(),
+    mode = 'full',
+    loadedSettings,
+    projectHooks,
+  } = options;
   const debugMode = isDebugMode(argv);
-
+  const resolvedLoadedSettings = loadedSettings ?? loadSettings(cwd);
-  const loadedSettings = loadSettings(cwd);
+  const isBootstrap = mode === 'bootstrap';
 
   if (argv.sandbox) {
     process.env['GEMINI_SANDBOX'] = 'true';
@@ -439,6 +448,18 @@ export async function loadCliConfig(
 
   const memoryImportFormat = settings.context?.importFormat || 'tree';
   const includeDirectoryTree = settings.context?.includeDirectoryTree ?? true;
+  const interactive =
+    !!argv.promptInteractive ||
+    !!argv.acp ||
+    !!argv.experimentalAcp ||
+    (!isHeadlessMode({ prompt: argv.prompt, query: argv.query }) &&
+      !argv.isCommand);
+  const shouldDeferInteractiveStartupWork =
+    !isBootstrap &&
+    interactive &&
+    !argv.listExtensions &&
+    !argv.listSessions &&
+    !argv.deleteSession;
 
   const ideMode = settings.ide?.enabled ?? false;
 
@@ -480,6 +501,7 @@ export async function loadCliConfig(
     .map(resolvePath)
     .concat((argv.includeDirectories || []).map(resolvePath));
 
+  const clientVersion = await getVersion();
   const extensionManager = new ExtensionManager({
     settings,
     requestConsent: requestConsentNonInteractive,
@@ -488,9 +510,15 @@ export async function loadCliConfig(
     enabledExtensionOverrides: argv.extensions,
     // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-type-assertion
     eventEmitter: coreEvents as EventEmitter<ExtensionEvents>,
-    clientVersion: await getVersion(),
+    clientVersion,
   });
-  await extensionManager.loadExtensions();
+  if (!isBootstrap && !shouldDeferInteractiveStartupWork) {
+    const loadExtensionsHandle = startupProfiler.start(
+      'load_extensions_during_config',
+    );
+    await extensionManager.loadExtensions();
+    loadExtensionsHandle?.end();
+  }
 
   const extensionPlanSettings = extensionManager
     .getExtensions()
@@ -511,7 +539,12 @@ export async function loadCliConfig(
   let fileCount = 0;
   let filePaths: string[] = [];
 
-  if (!experimentalJitContext) {
+  if (
+    !experimentalJitContext &&
+    !isBootstrap &&
+    !shouldDeferInteractiveStartupWork
+  ) {
+    const loadMemoryHandle = startupProfiler.start('load_memory');
     // Call the (now wrapper) loadHierarchicalGeminiMemory which calls the server's version
     const result = await loadServerHierarchicalMemory(
       cwd,
@@ -528,6 +561,7 @@ export async function loadCliConfig(
     memoryContent = result.memoryContent;
     fileCount = result.fileCount;
     filePaths = result.filePaths;
+    loadMemoryHandle?.end();
   }
 
   const question = argv.promptInteractive || argv.prompt || '';
@@ -617,15 +651,6 @@ export async function loadCliConfig(
     throw err;
   }
 
-  // -p/--prompt forces non-interactive (headless) mode
-  // -i/--prompt-interactive forces interactive mode with an initial prompt
-  const interactive =
-    !!argv.promptInteractive ||
-    !!argv.acp ||
-    !!argv.experimentalAcp ||
-    (!isHeadlessMode({ prompt: argv.prompt, query: argv.query }) &&
-      !argv.isCommand);
-
   const allowedTools = argv.allowedTools || settings.tools?.allowed || [];
 
   // In non-interactive mode, exclude tools that require a prompt.
@@ -695,7 +720,7 @@ export async function loadCliConfig(
       ? argv.screenReader
       : (settings.ui?.accessibility?.screenReader ?? false);
 
-  const ptyInfo = await getPty();
+  const ptyInfo = isBootstrap ? null : await getPty();
 
   const mcpEnabled = settings.admin?.mcp?.enabled ?? true;
   const extensionsEnabled = settings.admin?.extensions?.enabled ?? true;
@@ -741,7 +766,7 @@ export async function loadCliConfig(
     acpMode: isAcpMode,
     clientName,
     sessionId,
-    clientVersion: await getVersion(),
+    clientVersion,
     embeddingModel: DEFAULT_GEMINI_EMBEDDING_MODEL,
     sandbox: sandboxConfig,
     targetDir: cwd,
@@ -822,6 +847,8 @@ export async function loadCliConfig(
     skillsSupport: settings.skills?.enabled ?? true,
     disabledSkills: settings.skills?.disabled,
     experimentalJitContext: settings.experimental?.jitContext,
+    deferInitialMemoryLoad:
+      shouldDeferInteractiveStartupWork && !experimentalJitContext,
     modelSteering: settings.experimental?.modelSteering,
     toolOutputMasking: settings.experimental?.toolOutputMasking,
     noBrowser: !!process.env['NO_BROWSER'],
@@ -864,7 +891,8 @@ export async function loadCliConfig(
     hooks: settings.hooks || {},
     disabledHooks: settings.hooksConfig?.disabled || [],
     projectHooks: projectHooks || {},
-    onModelChange: (model: string) => saveModelChange(loadedSettings, model),
+    onModelChange: (model: string) =>
+      saveModelChange(resolvedLoadedSettings, model),
     onReload: async () => {
       const refreshedSettings = loadSettings(cwd);
       return {

packages/cli/src/config/extension-manager.ts

@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ interface ExtensionManagerParams {
 /**
  * Actual implementation of an ExtensionLoader.
  *
- * You must call `loadExtensions` prior to calling other methods on this class.
+ * Extension metadata is loaded lazily via `loadExtensions`/`ensureLoaded`.
  */
 export class ExtensionManager extends ExtensionLoader {
   private extensionEnablementManager: ExtensionEnablementManager;
@@ -146,12 +146,24 @@ export class ExtensionManager extends ExtensionLoader {
   }
 
   getExtensions(): GeminiCLIExtension[] {
-    if (!this.loadedExtensions) {
+    return this.loadedExtensions ?? [];
-      throw new Error(
+  }
-        'Extensions not yet loaded, must call `loadExtensions` first',
+
-      );
+  override isLoaded(): boolean {
+    return this.loadedExtensions !== undefined;
+  }
+
+  override async ensureLoaded(): Promise<void> {
+    if (this.loadedExtensions) {
+      return;
     }
-    return this.loadedExtensions;
+
+    if (this.loadingPromise) {
+      await this.loadingPromise;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    await this.loadExtensions();
   }
 
   async installOrUpdateExtension(

packages/cli/src/config/settings.ts

@@ -289,6 +289,11 @@ export function createTestMergedSettings(
   ) as MergedSettings;
 }
 
+export function createDefaultMergedSettings(): MergedSettings {
+  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-type-assertion
+  return getDefaultsFromSchema() as MergedSettings;
+}
+
 /**
  * An immutable snapshot of settings state.
  * Used with useSyncExternalStore for reactive updates.

packages/cli/src/gemini.test.tsx

@@ -269,6 +269,7 @@ vi.mock('./validateNonInterActiveAuth.js', () => ({
 
 describe('gemini.tsx main function', () => {
   let originalIsTTY: boolean | undefined;
+  const originalArgv = [...process.argv];
   let initialUnhandledRejectionListeners: NodeJS.UnhandledRejectionListener[] =
     [];
 
@@ -284,6 +285,7 @@ describe('gemini.tsx main function', () => {
     originalIsTTY = process.stdin.isTTY;
     // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
     (process.stdin as any).isTTY = true;
+    process.argv = ['node', 'script.js'];
   });
 
   afterEach(() => {
@@ -296,11 +298,70 @@ describe('gemini.tsx main function', () => {
 
     // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
     (process.stdin as any).isTTY = originalIsTTY;
+    process.argv = [...originalArgv];
 
     vi.unstubAllEnvs();
     vi.restoreAllMocks();
   });
 
+  it('should fast-path --version without loading settings', async () => {
+    process.argv = ['node', 'script.js', '--version'];
+
+    await main();
+
+    expect(loadSettings).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(parseArguments).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('should fast-path --help without loading settings', async () => {
+    process.argv = ['node', 'script.js', '--help'];
+
+    await main();
+
+    expect(loadSettings).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(parseArguments).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  it('should not relaunch a child process when sandboxing and memory relaunch are unnecessary', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(loadSandboxConfig).mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+    vi.mocked(loadSettings).mockReturnValue(
+      createMockSettings({
+        merged: { advanced: {}, security: { auth: {} }, ui: {} },
+        workspace: { settings: {} },
+        setValue: vi.fn(),
+        forScope: () => ({ settings: {}, originalSettings: {}, path: '' }),
+      }),
+    );
+    vi.mocked(parseArguments).mockResolvedValue({
+      prompt: 'test',
+    } as unknown as CliArgs);
+    vi.mocked(loadCliConfig).mockResolvedValue(
+      createMockConfig({
+        isInteractive: () => false,
+        getQuestion: () => 'test',
+        getSandbox: () => undefined,
+      }),
+    );
+    const processExitSpy = vi
+      .spyOn(process, 'exit')
+      .mockImplementation((code) => {
+        throw new MockProcessExitError(code);
+      });
+
+    try {
+      await main();
+      expect.fail('Should have thrown MockProcessExitError');
+    } catch (e) {
+      expect(e).toBeInstanceOf(MockProcessExitError);
+      expect((e as MockProcessExitError).code).toBe(0);
+    } finally {
+      processExitSpy.mockRestore();
+    }
+
+    const { relaunchAppInChildProcess } = await import('./utils/relaunch.js');
+    expect(relaunchAppInChildProcess).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
   it('should log unhandled promise rejections and open debug console on first error', async () => {
     const processExitSpy = vi
       .spyOn(process, 'exit')
@@ -665,6 +726,42 @@ describe('gemini.tsx main function kitty protocol', () => {
     processExitSpy.mockRestore();
   });
 
+  it('should use bootstrap config for the pre-relaunch startup pass', async () => {
+    const mockSettings = createMockSettings({
+      merged: {
+        advanced: {},
+        security: { auth: {} },
+        ui: {},
+      },
+      workspace: { settings: {} },
+      setValue: vi.fn(),
+      forScope: () => ({ settings: {}, originalSettings: {}, path: '' }),
+    });
+    vi.mocked(loadSettings).mockReturnValue(mockSettings);
+    vi.mocked(parseArguments).mockResolvedValue({
+      promptInteractive: false,
+    } as unknown as CliArgs);
+
+    vi.mocked(loadCliConfig).mockResolvedValue(
+      createMockConfig({
+        isInteractive: () => true,
+        getQuestion: () => '',
+        getSandbox: () => undefined,
+      }),
+    );
+
+    await main();
+
+    expect(loadCliConfig).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    expect(vi.mocked(loadCliConfig).mock.calls[0][3]).toMatchObject({
+      mode: 'bootstrap',
+      loadedSettings: mockSettings,
+    });
+    expect(vi.mocked(loadCliConfig).mock.calls[1][3]).toMatchObject({
+      loadedSettings: mockSettings,
+    });
+  });
+
   it('should log warning when theme is not found', async () => {
     const { themeManager } = await import('./ui/themes/theme-manager.js');
     const debugLoggerWarnSpy = vi

packages/cli/src/gemini.tsx

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import os from 'node:os';
 import dns from 'node:dns';
 import { start_sandbox } from './utils/sandbox.js';
 import {
+  createDefaultMergedSettings,
   loadSettings,
   SettingScope,
   type DnsResolutionOrder,
@@ -119,6 +120,24 @@ import { cleanupBackgroundLogs } from './utils/logCleanup.js';
 import { SlashCommandConflictHandler } from './services/SlashCommandConflictHandler.js';
 
 const SLOW_RENDER_MS = 200;
+const HELP_FLAGS = new Set(['--help', '-h']);
+const VERSION_FLAGS = new Set(['--version', '-v']);
+
+function getStartupFastPath(args: string[]): 'help' | 'version' | null {
+  if (args.length === 0) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  if (args.every((arg) => HELP_FLAGS.has(arg))) {
+    return 'help';
+  }
+
+  if (args.every((arg) => VERSION_FLAGS.has(arg))) {
+    return 'version';
+  }
+
+  return null;
+}
 
 export function validateDnsResolutionOrder(
   order: string | undefined,
@@ -341,7 +360,37 @@ export async function startInteractiveUI(
   registerCleanup(setupTtyCheck());
 }
 
+async function runStartupCleanup(
+  config: Config,
+  settings: LoadedSettings,
+): Promise<void> {
+  const projectTempDir = config.storage.getProjectTempDir();
+  try {
+    await Promise.all([
+      cleanupCheckpoints(projectTempDir),
+      cleanupToolOutputFiles(
+        settings.merged,
+        config.getDebugMode(),
+        projectTempDir,
+      ),
+      cleanupBackgroundLogs(),
+    ]);
+  } catch (error) {
+    debugLogger.warn('Deferred startup cleanup failed:', error);
+  }
+}
+
 export async function main() {
+  const fastPath = getStartupFastPath(process.argv.slice(2));
+  if (fastPath === 'version') {
+    writeToStdout(`${await getVersion()}\n`);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (fastPath === 'help') {
+    await parseArguments(createDefaultMergedSettings());
+    return;
+  }
+
   const cliStartupHandle = startupProfiler.start('cli_startup');
 
   // Listen for admin controls from parent process (IPC) in non-sandbox mode. In
@@ -375,6 +424,10 @@ export async function main() {
     coreEvents.emitFeedback('warning', error.message);
   });
 
+  const parseArgsHandle = startupProfiler.start('parse_arguments');
+  const argv = await parseArguments(settings.merged);
+  parseArgsHandle?.end();
+
   const trustedFolders = loadTrustedFolders();
   trustedFolders.errors.forEach((error: TrustedFoldersError) => {
     coreEvents.emitFeedback(
@@ -382,17 +435,6 @@ export async function main() {
       `Error in ${error.path}: ${error.message}`,
     );
   });
-
-  await Promise.all([
-    cleanupCheckpoints(),
-    cleanupToolOutputFiles(settings.merged),
-    cleanupBackgroundLogs(),
-  ]);
-
-  const parseArgsHandle = startupProfiler.start('parse_arguments');
-  const argv = await parseArguments(settings.merged);
-  parseArgsHandle?.end();
-
   if (
     (argv.allowedTools && argv.allowedTools.length > 0) ||
     (settings.merged.tools?.allowed && settings.merged.tools.allowed.length > 0)
@@ -460,9 +502,13 @@ export async function main() {
     }
   }
 
+  const bootstrapConfigHandle = startupProfiler.start('load_bootstrap_config');
   const partialConfig = await loadCliConfig(settings.merged, sessionId, argv, {
+    mode: 'bootstrap',
+    loadedSettings: settings,
     projectHooks: settings.workspace.settings.hooks,
   });
+  bootstrapConfigHandle?.end();
   adminControlsListner.setConfig(partialConfig);
 
   // Refresh auth to fetch remote admin settings from CCPA and before entering
@@ -572,9 +618,7 @@ export async function main() {
       );
       await runExitCleanup();
       process.exit(ExitCodes.SUCCESS);
-    } else {
+    } else if (memoryArgs.length > 0) {
-      // Relaunch app so we always have a child process that can be internally
-      // restarted if needed.
       await relaunchAppInChildProcess(memoryArgs, [], remoteAdminSettings);
     }
   }
@@ -585,6 +629,7 @@ export async function main() {
   {
     const loadConfigHandle = startupProfiler.start('load_cli_config');
     const config = await loadCliConfig(settings.merged, sessionId, argv, {
+      loadedSettings: settings,
       projectHooks: settings.workspace.settings.hooks,
     });
     loadConfigHandle?.end();
@@ -662,6 +707,13 @@ export async function main() {
       process.exit(ExitCodes.SUCCESS);
     }
 
+    const startupCleanup = runStartupCleanup(config, settings);
+    if (config.isInteractive()) {
+      void startupCleanup;
+    } else {
+      await startupCleanup;
+    }
+
     const wasRaw = process.stdin.isRaw;
     if (config.isInteractive() && !wasRaw && process.stdin.isTTY) {
       // Set this as early as possible to avoid spurious characters from

packages/cli/src/ui/AppContainer.tsx

@@ -796,7 +796,7 @@ export const AppContainer = (props: AppContainerProps) => {
 Logging in with Google... Restarting Gemini CLI to continue.
 ----------------------------------------------------------------
           `);
-          await relaunchApp();
+          await relaunchApp(config.getRemoteAdminSettings());
         }
       }
       setAuthState(AuthState.Authenticated);
@@ -2478,16 +2478,7 @@ Logging in with Google... Restarting Gemini CLI to continue.
       onHintClear: () => {},
       onHintSubmit: () => {},
       handleRestart: async () => {
-        if (process.send) {
+        await relaunchApp(config.getRemoteAdminSettings());
-          const remoteSettings = config.getRemoteAdminSettings();
-          if (remoteSettings) {
-            process.send({
-              type: 'admin-settings-update',
-              settings: remoteSettings,
-            });
-          }
-        }
-        await relaunchApp();
       },
       handleNewAgentsSelect: async (choice: NewAgentsChoice) => {
         if (newAgents && choice === NewAgentsChoice.ACKNOWLEDGE) {

packages/cli/src/ui/auth/AuthDialog.test.tsx

@@ -22,9 +22,8 @@ import { AuthState } from '../types.js';
 import { RadioButtonSelect } from '../components/shared/RadioButtonSelect.js';
 import { useKeypress } from '../hooks/useKeypress.js';
 import { validateAuthMethodWithSettings } from './useAuth.js';
-import { runExitCleanup } from '../../utils/cleanup.js';
 import { Text } from 'ink';
-import { RELAUNCH_EXIT_CODE } from '../../utils/processUtils.js';
+import { relaunchApp } from '../../utils/processUtils.js';
 
 // Mocks
 vi.mock('@google/gemini-cli-core', async (importOriginal) => {
@@ -36,14 +35,14 @@ vi.mock('@google/gemini-cli-core', async (importOriginal) => {
   };
 });
 
-vi.mock('../../utils/cleanup.js', () => ({
-  runExitCleanup: vi.fn(),
-}));
-
 vi.mock('./useAuth.js', () => ({
   validateAuthMethodWithSettings: vi.fn(),
 }));
 
+vi.mock('../../utils/processUtils.js', () => ({
+  relaunchApp: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
+}));
+
 vi.mock('../hooks/useKeypress.js', () => ({
   useKeypress: vi.fn(),
 }));
@@ -64,7 +63,7 @@ vi.mock('../components/shared/RadioButtonSelect.js', () => ({
 const mockedUseKeypress = useKeypress as Mock;
 const mockedRadioButtonSelect = RadioButtonSelect as Mock;
 const mockedValidateAuthMethod = validateAuthMethodWithSettings as Mock;
-const mockedRunExitCleanup = runExitCleanup as Mock;
+const mockedRelaunchApp = relaunchApp as Mock;
 
 describe('AuthDialog', () => {
   let props: {
@@ -85,6 +84,7 @@ describe('AuthDialog', () => {
     props = {
       config: {
         isBrowserLaunchSuppressed: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(false),
+        getRemoteAdminSettings: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(undefined),
       } as unknown as Config,
       settings: {
         merged: {
@@ -351,11 +351,8 @@ describe('AuthDialog', () => {
       unmount();
     });
 
-    it('exits process for Sign in with Google when browser is suppressed', async () => {
+    it('restarts for Sign in with Google when browser is suppressed', async () => {
       vi.useFakeTimers();
-      const exitSpy = vi
-        .spyOn(process, 'exit')
-        .mockImplementation(() => undefined as never);
       const logSpy = vi.spyOn(debugLogger, 'log').mockImplementation(() => {});
       vi.mocked(props.config.isBrowserLaunchSuppressed).mockReturnValue(true);
       mockedValidateAuthMethod.mockReturnValue(null);
@@ -371,10 +368,8 @@ describe('AuthDialog', () => {
         await vi.runAllTimersAsync();
       });
 
-      expect(mockedRunExitCleanup).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(mockedRelaunchApp).toHaveBeenCalledWith(undefined);
-      expect(exitSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(RELAUNCH_EXIT_CODE);
 
-      exitSpy.mockRestore();
       logSpy.mockRestore();
       vi.useRealTimers();
       unmount();

packages/cli/src/ui/auth/AuthDialog.tsx

@@ -132,7 +132,9 @@ export function AuthDialog({
           config.isBrowserLaunchSuppressed()
         ) {
           setExiting(true);
-          setTimeout(relaunchApp, 100);
+          setTimeout(async () => {
+            await relaunchApp(config.getRemoteAdminSettings());
+          }, 100);
           return;
         }
 

packages/cli/src/ui/auth/LoginWithGoogleRestartDialog.test.tsx

@@ -8,30 +8,23 @@ import { render } from '../../test-utils/render.js';
 import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach, type Mock } from 'vitest';
 import { LoginWithGoogleRestartDialog } from './LoginWithGoogleRestartDialog.js';
 import { useKeypress } from '../hooks/useKeypress.js';
-import { runExitCleanup } from '../../utils/cleanup.js';
-import {
-  RELAUNCH_EXIT_CODE,
-  _resetRelaunchStateForTesting,
-} from '../../utils/processUtils.js';
 import { type Config } from '@google/gemini-cli-core';
+import { relaunchApp } from '../../utils/processUtils.js';
 
 // Mocks
 vi.mock('../hooks/useKeypress.js', () => ({
   useKeypress: vi.fn(),
 }));
 
-vi.mock('../../utils/cleanup.js', () => ({
+vi.mock('../../utils/processUtils.js', () => ({
-  runExitCleanup: vi.fn(),
+  relaunchApp: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
 }));
 
 const mockedUseKeypress = useKeypress as Mock;
-const mockedRunExitCleanup = runExitCleanup as Mock;
+const mockedRelaunchApp = relaunchApp as Mock;
 
 describe('LoginWithGoogleRestartDialog', () => {
   const onDismiss = vi.fn();
-  const exitSpy = vi
-    .spyOn(process, 'exit')
-    .mockImplementation(() => undefined as never);
 
   const mockConfig = {
     getRemoteAdminSettings: vi.fn(),
@@ -39,9 +32,7 @@ describe('LoginWithGoogleRestartDialog', () => {
 
   beforeEach(() => {
     vi.clearAllMocks();
-    exitSpy.mockClear();
     vi.useRealTimers();
-    _resetRelaunchStateForTesting();
   });
 
   it('renders correctly', async () => {
@@ -78,36 +69,33 @@ describe('LoginWithGoogleRestartDialog', () => {
     unmount();
   });
 
-  it.each(['r', 'R'])(
+  it.each(['r', 'R'])('restarts when %s is pressed', async (keyName) => {
-    'calls runExitCleanup and process.exit when %s is pressed',
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
-    async (keyName) => {
-      vi.useFakeTimers();
 
-      const { waitUntilReady, unmount } = render(
+    const { waitUntilReady, unmount } = render(
-        <LoginWithGoogleRestartDialog
+      <LoginWithGoogleRestartDialog
-          onDismiss={onDismiss}
+        onDismiss={onDismiss}
-          config={mockConfig}
+        config={mockConfig}
-        />,
+      />,
-      );
+    );
-      await waitUntilReady();
+    await waitUntilReady();
-      const keypressHandler = mockedUseKeypress.mock.calls[0][0];
+    const keypressHandler = mockedUseKeypress.mock.calls[0][0];
 
-      keypressHandler({
+    keypressHandler({
-        name: keyName,
+      name: keyName,
-        shift: false,
+      shift: false,
-        ctrl: false,
+      ctrl: false,
-        cmd: false,
+      cmd: false,
-        sequence: keyName,
+      sequence: keyName,
-      });
+    });
 
-      // Advance timers to trigger the setTimeout callback
+    // Advance timers to trigger the setTimeout callback
-      await vi.runAllTimersAsync();
+    await vi.runAllTimersAsync();
 
-      expect(mockedRunExitCleanup).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(mockedRelaunchApp).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-      expect(exitSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(RELAUNCH_EXIT_CODE);
+    expect(mockedRelaunchApp).toHaveBeenCalledWith(undefined);
 
-      vi.useRealTimers();
+    vi.useRealTimers();
-      unmount();
+    unmount();
-    },
+  });
-  );
 });

packages/cli/src/ui/auth/LoginWithGoogleRestartDialog.tsx

@@ -26,16 +26,7 @@ export const LoginWithGoogleRestartDialog = ({
         return true;
       } else if (key.name === 'r' || key.name === 'R') {
         setTimeout(async () => {
-          if (process.send) {
+          await relaunchApp(config.getRemoteAdminSettings());
-            const remoteSettings = config.getRemoteAdminSettings();
-            if (remoteSettings) {
-              process.send({
-                type: 'admin-settings-update',
-                settings: remoteSettings,
-              });
-            }
-          }
-          await relaunchApp();
         }, 100);
         return true;
       }

packages/cli/src/ui/components/DialogManager.tsx

@@ -231,7 +231,9 @@ export const DialogManager = ({
       <Box flexDirection="column">
         <SettingsDialog
           onSelect={() => uiActions.closeSettingsDialog()}
-          onRestartRequest={relaunchApp}
+          onRestartRequest={async () => {
+            await relaunchApp(config.getRemoteAdminSettings());
+          }}
           availableTerminalHeight={terminalHeight - staticExtraHeight}
         />
       </Box>

packages/cli/src/utils/cleanup.ts

@@ -103,6 +103,21 @@ async function drainStdin() {
   await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 50));
 }
 
+export async function cleanupCheckpoints(projectTempDir?: string) {
+  let tempDir = projectTempDir;
+  if (!tempDir) {
+    const storage = new Storage(process.cwd());
+    await storage.initialize();
+    tempDir = storage.getProjectTempDir();
+  }
+  const checkpointsDir = join(tempDir, 'checkpoints');
+  try {
+    await fs.rm(checkpointsDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  } catch {
+    // Ignore errors if the directory doesn't exist or fails to delete.
+  }
+}
+
 /**
  * Gracefully shuts down the process, ensuring cleanup runs exactly once.
  * Guards against concurrent shutdown from signals (SIGHUP, SIGTERM, SIGINT)
@@ -161,15 +176,3 @@ export function setupTtyCheck(): () => void {
     }
   };
 }
-
-export async function cleanupCheckpoints() {
-  const storage = new Storage(process.cwd());
-  await storage.initialize();
-  const tempDir = storage.getProjectTempDir();
-  const checkpointsDir = join(tempDir, 'checkpoints');
-  try {
-    await fs.rm(checkpointsDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
-  } catch {
-    // Ignore errors if the directory doesn't exist or fails to delete.
-  }
-}

packages/cli/src/utils/processUtils.test.ts

@@ -11,28 +11,56 @@ import {
   _resetRelaunchStateForTesting,
 } from './processUtils.js';
 import * as cleanup from './cleanup.js';
+import * as relaunch from './relaunch.js';
 import * as handleAutoUpdate from './handleAutoUpdate.js';
 
 vi.mock('./handleAutoUpdate.js', () => ({
   waitForUpdateCompletion: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
 }));
 
+vi.mock('./relaunch.js', () => ({
+  relaunchAppInChildProcess: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
+}));
+
 describe('processUtils', () => {
   const processExit = vi
     .spyOn(process, 'exit')
     .mockReturnValue(undefined as never);
   const runExitCleanup = vi.spyOn(cleanup, 'runExitCleanup');
+  const relaunchAppInChildProcess = vi.spyOn(
+    relaunch,
+    'relaunchAppInChildProcess',
+  );
 
   beforeEach(() => {
     _resetRelaunchStateForTesting();
   });
 
-  afterEach(() => vi.clearAllMocks());
+  afterEach(() => {
+    delete process.env['SANDBOX'];
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
+    delete (process as any).send;
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+  });
 
-  it('should wait for updates, run cleanup, and exit with the relaunch code', async () => {
+  it('should wait for updates, run cleanup, and exit with the relaunch code when a parent wrapper exists', async () => {
-    await relaunchApp();
+    process.env['SANDBOX'] = 'sandbox-exec';
+    processExit.mockImplementationOnce(() => {
+      throw new Error('PROCESS_EXIT_CALLED');
+    });
+
+    await expect(relaunchApp()).rejects.toThrow('PROCESS_EXIT_CALLED');
     expect(handleAutoUpdate.waitForUpdateCompletion).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
     expect(runExitCleanup).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
     expect(processExit).toHaveBeenCalledWith(RELAUNCH_EXIT_CODE);
+    expect(relaunchAppInChildProcess).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  it('should spawn a child wrapper on demand when no parent wrapper exists', async () => {
+    await relaunchApp();
+    expect(handleAutoUpdate.waitForUpdateCompletion).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(runExitCleanup).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(relaunchAppInChildProcess).toHaveBeenCalledWith([], [], undefined);
+    expect(processExit).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 });

packages/cli/src/utils/processUtils.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
  */
 
+import type { AdminControlsSettings } from '@google/gemini-cli-core';
 import { runExitCleanup } from './cleanup.js';
 import { waitForUpdateCompletion } from './handleAutoUpdate.js';
 
@@ -13,7 +14,8 @@ import { waitForUpdateCompletion } from './handleAutoUpdate.js';
 export const RELAUNCH_EXIT_CODE = 199;
 
 /**
- * Exits the process with a special code to signal that the parent process should relaunch it.
+ * Restarts the CLI, either by signaling an existing parent wrapper or by
+ * spawning one on demand.
  */
 let isRelaunching = false;
 
@@ -22,10 +24,24 @@ export function _resetRelaunchStateForTesting(): void {
   isRelaunching = false;
 }
 
-export async function relaunchApp(): Promise<void> {
+export async function relaunchApp(
+  remoteAdminSettings?: AdminControlsSettings,
+): Promise<void> {
   if (isRelaunching) return;
   isRelaunching = true;
   await waitForUpdateCompletion();
   await runExitCleanup();
-  process.exit(RELAUNCH_EXIT_CODE);
+
+  if (process.send || process.env['SANDBOX']) {
+    if (process.send && remoteAdminSettings) {
+      process.send({
+        type: 'admin-settings-update',
+        settings: remoteAdminSettings,
+      });
+    }
+    process.exit(RELAUNCH_EXIT_CODE);
+  }
+
+  const { relaunchAppInChildProcess } = await import('./relaunch.js');
+  await relaunchAppInChildProcess([], [], remoteAdminSettings);
 }

packages/core/src/config/config.ts

@@ -614,6 +614,7 @@ export interface ConfigParameters {
   disabledSkills?: string[];
   adminSkillsEnabled?: boolean;
   experimentalJitContext?: boolean;
+  deferInitialMemoryLoad?: boolean;
   toolOutputMasking?: Partial<ToolOutputMaskingConfig>;
   disableLLMCorrection?: boolean;
   plan?: boolean;
@@ -832,6 +833,7 @@ export class Config implements McpContext, AgentLoopContext {
   private readonly adminSkillsEnabled: boolean;
 
   private readonly experimentalJitContext: boolean;
+  private readonly deferInitialMemoryLoad: boolean;
   private readonly disableLLMCorrection: boolean;
   private readonly planEnabled: boolean;
   private readonly trackerEnabled: boolean;
@@ -934,6 +936,7 @@ export class Config implements McpContext, AgentLoopContext {
     this.adminSkillsEnabled = params.adminSkillsEnabled ?? true;
     this.modelAvailabilityService = new ModelAvailabilityService();
     this.experimentalJitContext = params.experimentalJitContext ?? false;
+    this.deferInitialMemoryLoad = params.deferInitialMemoryLoad ?? false;
     this.modelSteering = params.modelSteering ?? false;
     this.userHintService = new UserHintService(() =>
       this.isModelSteeringEnabled(),
@@ -1174,6 +1177,23 @@ export class Config implements McpContext, AgentLoopContext {
       }
     }
 
+    if (!this.getExtensionLoader().isLoaded()) {
+      const extensionLoadHandle = startupProfiler.start('load_extensions');
+      await this.getExtensionLoader().ensureLoaded();
+      extensionLoadHandle?.end();
+    } else {
+      await this.getExtensionLoader().ensureLoaded();
+    }
+
+    if (this.deferInitialMemoryLoad) {
+      const memoryLoadHandle = startupProfiler.start('load_memory');
+      const { refreshServerHierarchicalMemory } = await import(
+        '../utils/memoryDiscovery.js'
+      );
+      await refreshServerHierarchicalMemory(this);
+      memoryLoadHandle?.end();
+    }
+
     // Initialize centralized FileDiscoveryService
     const discoverToolsHandle = startupProfiler.start('discover_tools');
     this.getFileService();

packages/core/src/utils/extensionLoader.ts

@@ -24,6 +24,19 @@ export abstract class ExtensionLoader {
 
   constructor(private readonly eventEmitter?: EventEmitter<ExtensionEvents>) {}
 
+  isLoaded(): boolean {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Ensures extension metadata is available before initialization continues.
+   *
+   * Most implementations have nothing to do here, but loaders backed by disk
+   * discovery can override this to defer filesystem work until after first
+   * render.
+   */
+  async ensureLoaded(): Promise<void> {}
+
   /**
    * All currently known extensions, both active and inactive.
    */

packages/core/src/utils/getPty.ts

@@ -17,25 +17,38 @@ export interface PtyProcess {
   kill(signal?: string): void;
 }
 
+let ptyImplementationPromise: Promise<PtyImplementation> | undefined;
+
 export const getPty = async (): Promise<PtyImplementation> => {
   if (process.env['GEMINI_PTY_INFO'] === 'child_process') {
     return null;
   }
-  try {
+  if (!ptyImplementationPromise) {
-    const lydell = '@lydell/node-pty';
+    ptyImplementationPromise = (async () => {
-    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-assignment
+      try {
-    const module = await import(lydell);
+        const lydell = '@lydell/node-pty';
-    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-assignment
+        // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-assignment
-    return { module, name: 'lydell-node-pty' };
+        const module = await import(lydell);
-  } catch (_e) {
+        // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-assignment
-    try {
+        return { module, name: 'lydell-node-pty' };
-      const nodePty = 'node-pty';
+      } catch (_e) {
-      // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-assignment
+        try {
-      const module = await import(nodePty);
+          const nodePty = 'node-pty';
-      // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-assignment
+          // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-assignment
-      return { module, name: 'node-pty' };
+          const module = await import(nodePty);
-    } catch (_e2) {
+          // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-assignment
-      return null;
+          return { module, name: 'node-pty' };
-    }
+        } catch (_e2) {
+          return null;
+        }
+      }
+    })();
   }
+
+  return ptyImplementationPromise;
 };
+
+/** For testing purposes only. */
+export function resetPtyCache(): void {
+  ptyImplementationPromise = undefined;
+}