chore: fix circular dependency and complete dynamic model configuration migration

docs/reference/configuration.md

@@ -677,6 +677,141 @@ their corresponding top-level category object in your `settings.json` file.
     used.
   - **Default:** `[]`
 
+- **`modelConfigs.modelDefinitions`** (object):
+  - **Description:** Registry of model metadata, including tier, family, and
+    features.
+  - **Default:**
+
+    ```json
+    {
+      "gemini-3.1-pro-preview": {
+        "tier": "pro",
+        "family": "gemini-3",
+        "isPreview": true,
+        "dialogLocation": "manual",
+        "features": {
+          "thinking": true,
+          "multimodalToolUse": true
+        }
+      },
+      "gemini-3.1-pro-preview-customtools": {
+        "tier": "pro",
+        "family": "gemini-3",
+        "isPreview": true,
+        "features": {
+          "thinking": true,
+          "multimodalToolUse": true
+        }
+      },
+      "gemini-3-pro-preview": {
+        "tier": "pro",
+        "family": "gemini-3",
+        "isPreview": true,
+        "dialogLocation": "manual",
+        "features": {
+          "thinking": true,
+          "multimodalToolUse": true
+        }
+      },
+      "gemini-3-flash-preview": {
+        "tier": "flash",
+        "family": "gemini-3",
+        "isPreview": true,
+        "dialogLocation": "manual",
+        "features": {
+          "thinking": false,
+          "multimodalToolUse": true
+        }
+      },
+      "gemini-2.5-pro": {
+        "tier": "pro",
+        "family": "gemini-2.5",
+        "isPreview": false,
+        "dialogLocation": "manual",
+        "features": {
+          "thinking": false,
+          "multimodalToolUse": false
+        }
+      },
+      "gemini-2.5-flash": {
+        "tier": "flash",
+        "family": "gemini-2.5",
+        "isPreview": false,
+        "dialogLocation": "manual",
+        "features": {
+          "thinking": false,
+          "multimodalToolUse": false
+        }
+      },
+      "gemini-2.5-flash-lite": {
+        "tier": "flash-lite",
+        "family": "gemini-2.5",
+        "isPreview": false,
+        "dialogLocation": "manual",
+        "features": {
+          "thinking": false,
+          "multimodalToolUse": false
+        }
+      },
+      "auto": {
+        "tier": "auto",
+        "isPreview": true,
+        "features": {
+          "thinking": true,
+          "multimodalToolUse": false
+        }
+      },
+      "pro": {
+        "tier": "pro",
+        "isPreview": false,
+        "features": {
+          "thinking": true,
+          "multimodalToolUse": false
+        }
+      },
+      "flash": {
+        "tier": "flash",
+        "isPreview": false,
+        "features": {
+          "thinking": false,
+          "multimodalToolUse": false
+        }
+      },
+      "flash-lite": {
+        "tier": "flash-lite",
+        "isPreview": false,
+        "features": {
+          "thinking": false,
+          "multimodalToolUse": false
+        }
+      },
+      "auto-gemini-3": {
+        "displayName": "Auto (Gemini 3)",
+        "tier": "auto",
+        "isPreview": true,
+        "dialogLocation": "main",
+        "dialogDescription": "Let Gemini CLI decide the best model for the task: gemini-3.1-pro, gemini-3-flash",
+        "features": {
+          "thinking": true,
+          "multimodalToolUse": false
+        }
+      },
+      "auto-gemini-2.5": {
+        "displayName": "Auto (Gemini 2.5)",
+        "tier": "auto",
+        "isPreview": false,
+        "dialogLocation": "main",
+        "dialogDescription": "Let Gemini CLI decide the best model for the task: gemini-2.5-pro, gemini-2.5-flash",
+        "features": {
+          "thinking": false,
+          "multimodalToolUse": false
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    ```
+
+  - **Requires restart:** Yes
+
 #### `agents`
 
 - **`agents.overrides`** (object):
@@ -1068,6 +1203,12 @@ their corresponding top-level category object in your `settings.json` file.
   - **Default:** `false`
   - **Requires restart:** Yes
 
+- **`experimental.dynamicModelConfiguration`** (boolean):
+  - **Description:** Enable dynamic model configuration (definitions,
+    resolutions, and chains) via settings.
+  - **Default:** `false`
+  - **Requires restart:** Yes
+
 - **`experimental.gemmaModelRouter.enabled`** (boolean):
   - **Description:** Enable the Gemma Model Router (experimental). Requires a
     local endpoint serving Gemma via the Gemini API using LiteRT-LM shim.

packages/cli/src/config/config.ts

@@ -857,6 +857,7 @@ export async function loadCliConfig(
     disableLLMCorrection: settings.tools?.disableLLMCorrection,
     rawOutput: argv.rawOutput,
     acceptRawOutputRisk: argv.acceptRawOutputRisk,
+    dynamicModelConfiguration: settings.experimental?.dynamicModelConfiguration,
     modelConfigServiceConfig: settings.modelConfigs,
     // TODO: loading of hooks based on workspace trust
     enableHooks: settings.hooksConfig.enabled,

packages/cli/src/config/settingsSchema.ts

@@ -1039,6 +1039,20 @@ const SETTINGS_SCHEMA = {
           'Apply specific configuration overrides based on matches, with a primary key of model (or alias). The most specific match will be used.',
         showInDialog: false,
       },
+      modelDefinitions: {
+        type: 'object',
+        label: 'Model Definitions',
+        category: 'Model',
+        requiresRestart: true,
+        default: DEFAULT_MODEL_CONFIGS.modelDefinitions,
+        description:
+          'Registry of model metadata, including tier, family, and features.',
+        showInDialog: false,
+        additionalProperties: {
+          type: 'object',
+          ref: 'ModelDefinition',
+        },
+      },
     },
   },
 
@@ -1910,6 +1924,16 @@ const SETTINGS_SCHEMA = {
           'Enable web fetch behavior that bypasses LLM summarization.',
         showInDialog: true,
       },
+      dynamicModelConfiguration: {
+        type: 'boolean',
+        label: 'Dynamic Model Configuration',
+        category: 'Experimental',
+        requiresRestart: true,
+        default: false,
+        description:
+          'Enable dynamic model configuration (definitions, resolutions, and chains) via settings.',
+        showInDialog: false,
+      },
       gemmaModelRouter: {
         type: 'object',
         label: 'Gemma Model Router',
@@ -2726,6 +2750,25 @@ export const SETTINGS_SCHEMA_DEFINITIONS: Record<
       },
     },
   },
+  ModelDefinition: {
+    type: 'object',
+    description: 'Model metadata registry entry.',
+    properties: {
+      displayName: { type: 'string' },
+      tier: { enum: ['pro', 'flash', 'flash-lite', 'custom', 'auto'] },
+      family: { type: 'string' },
+      isPreview: { type: 'boolean' },
+      dialogLocation: { enum: ['main', 'manual'] },
+      dialogDescription: { type: 'string' },
+      features: {
+        type: 'object',
+        properties: {
+          thinking: { type: 'boolean' },
+          multimodalToolUse: { type: 'boolean' },
+        },
+      },
+    },
+  },
 };
 
 export function getSettingsSchema(): SettingsSchemaType {

packages/cli/src/ui/components/StatsDisplay.tsx

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import {
 } from '../utils/displayUtils.js';
 import { computeSessionStats } from '../utils/computeStats.js';
 import {
+  type Config,
   type RetrieveUserQuotaResponse,
   isActiveModel,
   getDisplayString,
@@ -88,13 +89,16 @@ const Section: React.FC<SectionProps> = ({ title, children }) => (
 // Logic for building the unified list of table rows
 const buildModelRows = (
   models: Record<string, ModelMetrics>,
+  config: Config,
   quotas?: RetrieveUserQuotaResponse,
   useGemini3_1 = false,
   useCustomToolModel = false,
 ) => {
   const getBaseModelName = (name: string) => name.replace('-001', '');
   const usedModelNames = new Set(
-    Object.keys(models).map(getBaseModelName).map(getDisplayString),
+    Object.keys(models)
+      .map(getBaseModelName)
+      .map((name) => getDisplayString(name, config)),
   );
 
   // 1. Models with active usage
@@ -104,7 +108,7 @@ const buildModelRows = (
     const inputTokens = metrics.tokens.input;
     return {
       key: name,
-      modelName: getDisplayString(modelName),
+      modelName: getDisplayString(modelName, config),
       requests: metrics.api.totalRequests,
       cachedTokens: cachedTokens.toLocaleString(),
       inputTokens: inputTokens.toLocaleString(),
@@ -121,11 +125,11 @@ const buildModelRows = (
         (b) =>
           b.modelId &&
           isActiveModel(b.modelId, useGemini3_1, useCustomToolModel) &&
-          !usedModelNames.has(getDisplayString(b.modelId)),
+          !usedModelNames.has(getDisplayString(b.modelId, config)),
       )
       .map((bucket) => ({
         key: bucket.modelId!,
-        modelName: getDisplayString(bucket.modelId!),
+        modelName: getDisplayString(bucket.modelId!, config),
         requests: '-',
         cachedTokens: '-',
         inputTokens: '-',
@@ -139,6 +143,7 @@ const buildModelRows = (
 
 const ModelUsageTable: React.FC<{
   models: Record<string, ModelMetrics>;
+  config: Config;
   quotas?: RetrieveUserQuotaResponse;
   cacheEfficiency: number;
   totalCachedTokens: number;
@@ -150,6 +155,7 @@ const ModelUsageTable: React.FC<{
   useCustomToolModel?: boolean;
 }> = ({
   models,
+  config,
   quotas,
   cacheEfficiency,
   totalCachedTokens,
@@ -162,7 +168,13 @@ const ModelUsageTable: React.FC<{
 }) => {
   const { stdout } = useStdout();
   const terminalWidth = stdout?.columns ?? 84;
-  const rows = buildModelRows(models, quotas, useGemini3_1, useCustomToolModel);
+  const rows = buildModelRows(
+    models,
+    config,
+    quotas,
+    useGemini3_1,
+    useCustomToolModel,
+  );
 
   if (rows.length === 0) {
     return null;
@@ -676,6 +688,7 @@ export const StatsDisplay: React.FC<StatsDisplayProps> = ({
       </Section>
       <ModelUsageTable
         models={models}
+        config={config}
         quotas={quotas}
         cacheEfficiency={computed.cacheEfficiency}
         totalCachedTokens={computed.totalCachedTokens}

packages/core/src/agents/browser/browserAgentDefinition.ts

@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ export const BrowserAgentDefinition = (
 ): LocalAgentDefinition<typeof BrowserTaskResultSchema> => {
   // Use Preview Flash model if the main model is any of the preview models.
   // If the main model is not a preview model, use the default flash model.
-  const model = isPreviewModel(config.getModel())
+  const model = isPreviewModel(config.getModel(), config)
     ? PREVIEW_GEMINI_FLASH_MODEL
     : DEFAULT_GEMINI_FLASH_MODEL;
 

packages/core/src/availability/policyHelpers.ts

@@ -54,19 +54,21 @@ export function resolvePolicyChain(
     useCustomToolModel,
     hasAccessToPreview,
   );
-  const isAutoPreferred = preferredModel ? isAutoModel(preferredModel) : false;
+  const isAutoPreferred = preferredModel
-  const isAutoConfigured = isAutoModel(configuredModel);
+    ? isAutoModel(preferredModel, config)
+    : false;
+  const isAutoConfigured = isAutoModel(configuredModel, config);
 
   if (resolvedModel === DEFAULT_GEMINI_FLASH_LITE_MODEL) {
     chain = getFlashLitePolicyChain();
   } else if (
-    isGemini3Model(resolvedModel) ||
+    isGemini3Model(resolvedModel, config) ||
     isAutoPreferred ||
     isAutoConfigured
   ) {
     if (hasAccessToPreview) {
       const previewEnabled =
-        isGemini3Model(resolvedModel) ||
+        isGemini3Model(resolvedModel, config) ||
         preferredModel === PREVIEW_GEMINI_MODEL_AUTO ||
         configuredModel === PREVIEW_GEMINI_MODEL_AUTO;
       chain = getModelPolicyChain({

packages/core/src/config/config.ts

@@ -601,6 +601,7 @@ export interface ConfigParameters {
   disableYoloMode?: boolean;
   rawOutput?: boolean;
   acceptRawOutputRisk?: boolean;
+  dynamicModelConfiguration?: boolean;
   modelConfigServiceConfig?: ModelConfigServiceConfig;
   enableHooks?: boolean;
   enableHooksUI?: boolean;
@@ -799,6 +800,7 @@ export class Config implements McpContext, AgentLoopContext {
   private readonly disableYoloMode: boolean;
   private readonly rawOutput: boolean;
   private readonly acceptRawOutputRisk: boolean;
+  private readonly dynamicModelConfiguration: boolean;
   private pendingIncludeDirectories: string[];
   private readonly enableHooks: boolean;
   private readonly enableHooksUI: boolean;
@@ -987,7 +989,7 @@ export class Config implements McpContext, AgentLoopContext {
     this.truncateToolOutputThreshold =
       params.truncateToolOutputThreshold ??
       DEFAULT_TRUNCATE_TOOL_OUTPUT_THRESHOLD;
-    this.useWriteTodos = isPreviewModel(this.model)
+    this.useWriteTodos = isPreviewModel(this.model, this)
       ? false
       : (params.useWriteTodos ?? true);
     this.workspacePoliciesDir = params.workspacePoliciesDir;
@@ -1062,6 +1064,7 @@ export class Config implements McpContext, AgentLoopContext {
     this.disableYoloMode = params.disableYoloMode ?? false;
     this.rawOutput = params.rawOutput ?? false;
     this.acceptRawOutputRisk = params.acceptRawOutputRisk ?? false;
+    this.dynamicModelConfiguration = params.dynamicModelConfiguration ?? false;
 
     if (params.hooks) {
       this.hooks = params.hooks;
@@ -1111,18 +1114,23 @@ export class Config implements McpContext, AgentLoopContext {
     // remove this hack.
     let modelConfigServiceConfig = params.modelConfigServiceConfig;
     if (modelConfigServiceConfig) {
-      if (!modelConfigServiceConfig.aliases) {
+      // Ensure user-defined model definitions augment, not replace, the defaults.
-        modelConfigServiceConfig = {
+      const mergedModelDefinitions = {
-          ...modelConfigServiceConfig,
+        ...DEFAULT_MODEL_CONFIGS.modelDefinitions,
-          aliases: DEFAULT_MODEL_CONFIGS.aliases,
+        ...modelConfigServiceConfig.modelDefinitions,
-        };
+      };
-      }
+
-      if (!modelConfigServiceConfig.overrides) {
+      modelConfigServiceConfig = {
-        modelConfigServiceConfig = {
+        // Preserve other user settings like customAliases
-          ...modelConfigServiceConfig,
+        ...modelConfigServiceConfig,
-          overrides: DEFAULT_MODEL_CONFIGS.overrides,
+        // Apply defaults for aliases and overrides if they are not provided
-        };
+        aliases:
-      }
+          modelConfigServiceConfig.aliases ?? DEFAULT_MODEL_CONFIGS.aliases,
+        overrides:
+          modelConfigServiceConfig.overrides ?? DEFAULT_MODEL_CONFIGS.overrides,
+        // Use the merged model definitions
+        modelDefinitions: mergedModelDefinitions,
+      };
     }
 
     this.modelConfigService = new ModelConfigService(
@@ -1325,7 +1333,10 @@ export class Config implements McpContext, AgentLoopContext {
 
     // Only reset when we have explicit "no access" (hasAccessToPreviewModel === false).
     // When null (quota not fetched) or true, we preserve the saved model.
-    if (isPreviewModel(this.model) && this.hasAccessToPreviewModel === false) {
+    if (
+      isPreviewModel(this.model, this) &&
+      this.hasAccessToPreviewModel === false
+    ) {
       this.setModel(DEFAULT_GEMINI_MODEL_AUTO);
     }
 
@@ -1593,7 +1604,7 @@ export class Config implements McpContext, AgentLoopContext {
 
     const isPreview =
       model === PREVIEW_GEMINI_MODEL_AUTO ||
-      isPreviewModel(this.getActiveModel());
+      isPreviewModel(this.getActiveModel(), this);
     const proModel = isPreview ? PREVIEW_GEMINI_MODEL : DEFAULT_GEMINI_MODEL;
     const flashModel = isPreview
       ? PREVIEW_GEMINI_FLASH_MODEL
@@ -1791,8 +1802,9 @@ export class Config implements McpContext, AgentLoopContext {
       }
 
       const hasAccess =
-        quota.buckets?.some((b) => b.modelId && isPreviewModel(b.modelId)) ??
+        quota.buckets?.some(
-        false;
+          (b) => b.modelId && isPreviewModel(b.modelId, this),
+        ) ?? false;
       this.setHasAccessToPreviewModel(hasAccess);
       return quota;
     } catch (e) {
@@ -2184,6 +2196,10 @@ export class Config implements McpContext, AgentLoopContext {
     return this.acceptRawOutputRisk;
   }
 
+  getExperimentalDynamicModelConfiguration(): boolean {
+    return this.dynamicModelConfiguration;
+  }
+
   getPendingIncludeDirectories(): string[] {
     return this.pendingIncludeDirectories;
   }

packages/core/src/config/defaultModelConfigs.ts

@@ -249,4 +249,94 @@ export const DEFAULT_MODEL_CONFIGS: ModelConfigServiceConfig = {
       },
     },
   ],
+  modelDefinitions: {
+    // Concrete Models
+    'gemini-3.1-pro-preview': {
+      tier: 'pro',
+      family: 'gemini-3',
+      isPreview: true,
+      dialogLocation: 'manual',
+      features: { thinking: true, multimodalToolUse: true },
+    },
+    'gemini-3.1-pro-preview-customtools': {
+      tier: 'pro',
+      family: 'gemini-3',
+      isPreview: true,
+      features: { thinking: true, multimodalToolUse: true },
+    },
+    'gemini-3-pro-preview': {
+      tier: 'pro',
+      family: 'gemini-3',
+      isPreview: true,
+      dialogLocation: 'manual',
+      features: { thinking: true, multimodalToolUse: true },
+    },
+    'gemini-3-flash-preview': {
+      tier: 'flash',
+      family: 'gemini-3',
+      isPreview: true,
+      dialogLocation: 'manual',
+      features: { thinking: false, multimodalToolUse: true },
+    },
+    'gemini-2.5-pro': {
+      tier: 'pro',
+      family: 'gemini-2.5',
+      isPreview: false,
+      dialogLocation: 'manual',
+      features: { thinking: false, multimodalToolUse: false },
+    },
+    'gemini-2.5-flash': {
+      tier: 'flash',
+      family: 'gemini-2.5',
+      isPreview: false,
+      dialogLocation: 'manual',
+      features: { thinking: false, multimodalToolUse: false },
+    },
+    'gemini-2.5-flash-lite': {
+      tier: 'flash-lite',
+      family: 'gemini-2.5',
+      isPreview: false,
+      dialogLocation: 'manual',
+      features: { thinking: false, multimodalToolUse: false },
+    },
+    // Aliases
+    auto: {
+      tier: 'auto',
+      isPreview: true,
+      features: { thinking: true, multimodalToolUse: false },
+    },
+    pro: {
+      tier: 'pro',
+      isPreview: false,
+      features: { thinking: true, multimodalToolUse: false },
+    },
+    flash: {
+      tier: 'flash',
+      isPreview: false,
+      features: { thinking: false, multimodalToolUse: false },
+    },
+    'flash-lite': {
+      tier: 'flash-lite',
+      isPreview: false,
+      features: { thinking: false, multimodalToolUse: false },
+    },
+    'auto-gemini-3': {
+      displayName: 'Auto (Gemini 3)',
+      tier: 'auto',
+      isPreview: true,
+      dialogLocation: 'main',
+      dialogDescription:
+        'Let Gemini CLI decide the best model for the task: gemini-3.1-pro, gemini-3-flash',
+      features: { thinking: true, multimodalToolUse: false },
+    },
+    'auto-gemini-2.5': {
+      displayName: 'Auto (Gemini 2.5)',
+      tier: 'auto',
+      isPreview: false,
+      dialogLocation: 'main',
+      dialogDescription:
+        'Let Gemini CLI decide the best model for the task: gemini-2.5-pro, gemini-2.5-flash',
+      features: { thinking: false, multimodalToolUse: false },
+    },
+  },
 };

packages/core/src/config/models.test.ts

@@ -36,6 +36,121 @@ import {
   VALID_GEMINI_MODELS,
   VALID_ALIASES,
 } from './models.js';
+import type { Config } from './config.js';
+import { ModelConfigService } from '../services/modelConfigService.js';
+import { DEFAULT_MODEL_CONFIGS } from './defaultModelConfigs.js';
+
+const modelConfigService = new ModelConfigService(DEFAULT_MODEL_CONFIGS);
+
+const dynamicConfig = {
+  getExperimentalDynamicModelConfiguration: () => true,
+  modelConfigService,
+} as unknown as Config;
+
+const legacyConfig = {
+  getExperimentalDynamicModelConfiguration: () => false,
+  modelConfigService,
+} as unknown as Config;
+
+describe('Dynamic Configuration Parity', () => {
+  const modelsToTest = [
+    GEMINI_MODEL_ALIAS_AUTO,
+    GEMINI_MODEL_ALIAS_PRO,
+    GEMINI_MODEL_ALIAS_FLASH,
+    GEMINI_MODEL_ALIAS_FLASH_LITE,
+    PREVIEW_GEMINI_MODEL_AUTO,
+    DEFAULT_GEMINI_MODEL_AUTO,
+    PREVIEW_GEMINI_MODEL,
+    DEFAULT_GEMINI_MODEL,
+    'custom-model',
+  ];
+
+  it('getDisplayString should match legacy behavior', () => {
+    for (const model of modelsToTest) {
+      const legacy = getDisplayString(model, legacyConfig);
+      const dynamic = getDisplayString(model, dynamicConfig);
+      expect(dynamic).toBe(legacy);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('isPreviewModel should match legacy behavior', () => {
+    const allModels = [
+      ...modelsToTest,
+      PREVIEW_GEMINI_3_1_MODEL,
+      PREVIEW_GEMINI_3_1_CUSTOM_TOOLS_MODEL,
+      PREVIEW_GEMINI_FLASH_MODEL,
+    ];
+    for (const model of allModels) {
+      const legacy = isPreviewModel(model, legacyConfig);
+      const dynamic = isPreviewModel(model, dynamicConfig);
+      expect(dynamic).toBe(legacy);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('isProModel should match legacy behavior', () => {
+    for (const model of modelsToTest) {
+      const legacy = isProModel(model, legacyConfig);
+      const dynamic = isProModel(model, dynamicConfig);
+      expect(dynamic).toBe(legacy);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('isGemini3Model should match legacy behavior', () => {
+    for (const model of modelsToTest) {
+      const legacy = isGemini3Model(model, legacyConfig);
+      const dynamic = isGemini3Model(model, dynamicConfig);
+      expect(dynamic).toBe(legacy);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('isGemini2Model should match legacy behavior', () => {
+    for (const model of modelsToTest) {
+      const legacy = isGemini2Model(model, legacyConfig);
+      const dynamic = isGemini2Model(model, dynamicConfig);
+      expect(dynamic).toBe(legacy);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('isCustomModel should match legacy behavior', () => {
+    for (const model of modelsToTest) {
+      const legacy = isCustomModel(model, legacyConfig);
+      const dynamic = isCustomModel(model, dynamicConfig);
+      expect(dynamic).toBe(legacy);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('supportsModernFeatures should match legacy behavior', () => {
+    for (const model of modelsToTest) {
+      const legacy = supportsModernFeatures(model, legacyConfig);
+      const dynamic = supportsModernFeatures(model, dynamicConfig);
+      expect(dynamic).toBe(legacy);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('isActiveModel should match legacy behavior', () => {
+    for (const model of modelsToTest) {
+      const legacy = isActiveModel(model, false, false, legacyConfig);
+      const dynamic = isActiveModel(model, false, false, dynamicConfig);
+      expect(dynamic).toBe(legacy);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('isValidModelOrAlias should match legacy behavior', () => {
+    for (const model of modelsToTest) {
+      const legacy = isValidModelOrAlias(model, legacyConfig);
+      const dynamic = isValidModelOrAlias(model, dynamicConfig);
+      expect(dynamic).toBe(legacy);
+    }
+  });
+
+  it('supportsMultimodalFunctionResponse should match legacy behavior', () => {
+    for (const model of modelsToTest) {
+      const legacy = supportsMultimodalFunctionResponse(model, legacyConfig);
+      const dynamic = supportsMultimodalFunctionResponse(model, dynamicConfig);
+      expect(dynamic).toBe(legacy);
+    }
+  });
+});
 
 describe('isPreviewModel', () => {
   it('should return true for preview models', () => {

packages/core/src/config/models.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
  */
 
+import type { ModelConfigService } from '../services/modelConfigService.js';
+
 export const PREVIEW_GEMINI_MODEL = 'gemini-3-pro-preview';
 export const PREVIEW_GEMINI_3_1_MODEL = 'gemini-3.1-pro-preview';
 export const PREVIEW_GEMINI_3_1_CUSTOM_TOOLS_MODEL =
@@ -46,6 +48,15 @@ export const DEFAULT_GEMINI_EMBEDDING_MODEL = 'gemini-embedding-001';
 // Cap the thinking at 8192 to prevent run-away thinking loops.
 export const DEFAULT_THINKING_MODE = 8192;
 
+/**
+ * Represents the minimal configuration needed to resolve models dynamically.
+ * This breaks circular dependencies by avoiding an import of the full Config class.
+ */
+export interface ModelResolutionContext {
+  getExperimentalDynamicModelConfiguration?: () => boolean;
+  modelConfigService: ModelConfigService;
+}
+
 /**
  * Resolves the requested model alias (e.g., 'auto-gemini-3', 'pro', 'flash', 'flash-lite')
  * to a concrete model name.
@@ -148,7 +159,17 @@ export function resolveClassifierModel(
   }
   return resolveModel(requestedModel, useGemini3_1, useCustomToolModel);
 }
-export function getDisplayString(model: string) {
+export function getDisplayString(
+  model: string,
+  config?: ModelResolutionContext,
+) {
+  if (config?.getExperimentalDynamicModelConfiguration?.() === true) {
+    const definition = config.modelConfigService.getModelDefinition(model);
+    if (definition?.displayName) {
+      return definition.displayName;
+    }
+  }
+
   switch (model) {
     case PREVIEW_GEMINI_MODEL_AUTO:
       return 'Auto (Gemini 3)';
@@ -169,9 +190,19 @@ export function getDisplayString(model: string) {
  * Checks if the model is a preview model.
  *
  * @param model The model name to check.
+ * @param config Optional config object for dynamic model configuration.
  * @returns True if the model is a preview model.
  */
-export function isPreviewModel(model: string): boolean {
+export function isPreviewModel(
+  model: string,
+  config?: ModelResolutionContext,
+): boolean {
+  if (config?.getExperimentalDynamicModelConfiguration?.() === true) {
+    return (
+      config.modelConfigService.getModelDefinition(model)?.isPreview === true
+    );
+  }
+
   return (
     model === PREVIEW_GEMINI_MODEL ||
     model === PREVIEW_GEMINI_3_1_MODEL ||
@@ -186,9 +217,16 @@ export function isPreviewModel(model: string): boolean {
  * Checks if the model is a Pro model.
  *
  * @param model The model name to check.
+ * @param config Optional config object for dynamic model configuration.
  * @returns True if the model is a Pro model.
  */
-export function isProModel(model: string): boolean {
+export function isProModel(
+  model: string,
+  config?: ModelResolutionContext,
+): boolean {
+  if (config?.getExperimentalDynamicModelConfiguration?.() === true) {
+    return config.modelConfigService.getModelDefinition(model)?.tier === 'pro';
+  }
   return model.toLowerCase().includes('pro');
 }
 
@@ -196,9 +234,22 @@ export function isProModel(model: string): boolean {
  * Checks if the model is a Gemini 3 model.
  *
  * @param model The model name to check.
+ * @param config Optional config object for dynamic model configuration.
  * @returns True if the model is a Gemini 3 model.
  */
-export function isGemini3Model(model: string): boolean {
+export function isGemini3Model(
+  model: string,
+  config?: ModelResolutionContext,
+): boolean {
+  if (config?.getExperimentalDynamicModelConfiguration?.() === true) {
+    // Legacy behavior resolves the model first.
+    const resolved = resolveModel(model);
+    return (
+      config.modelConfigService.getModelDefinition(resolved)?.family ===
+      'gemini-3'
+    );
+  }
+
   const resolved = resolveModel(model);
   return /^gemini-3(\.|-|$)/.test(resolved);
 }
@@ -207,9 +258,20 @@ export function isGemini3Model(model: string): boolean {
  * Checks if the model is a Gemini 2.x model.
  *
  * @param model The model name to check.
+ * @param config Optional config object for dynamic model configuration.
  * @returns True if the model is a Gemini-2.x model.
  */
-export function isGemini2Model(model: string): boolean {
+export function isGemini2Model(
+  model: string,
+  config?: ModelResolutionContext,
+): boolean {
+  if (config?.getExperimentalDynamicModelConfiguration?.() === true) {
+    // Legacy behavior does NOT resolve the model first for Gemini 2 check.
+    return (
+      config.modelConfigService.getModelDefinition(model)?.family ===
+      'gemini-2.5'
+    );
+  }
   return /^gemini-2(\.|$)/.test(model);
 }
 
@@ -217,9 +279,20 @@ export function isGemini2Model(model: string): boolean {
  * Checks if the model is a "custom" model (not Gemini branded).
  *
  * @param model The model name to check.
+ * @param config Optional config object for dynamic model configuration.
  * @returns True if the model is not a Gemini branded model.
  */
-export function isCustomModel(model: string): boolean {
+export function isCustomModel(
+  model: string,
+  config?: ModelResolutionContext,
+): boolean {
+  if (config?.getExperimentalDynamicModelConfiguration?.() === true) {
+    const resolved = resolveModel(model);
+    return (
+      config.modelConfigService.getModelDefinition(resolved)?.tier ===
+        'custom' || !resolved.startsWith('gemini-')
+    );
+  }
   const resolved = resolveModel(model);
   return !resolved.startsWith('gemini-');
 }
@@ -229,20 +302,31 @@ export function isCustomModel(model: string): boolean {
  * This includes Gemini 3 models and any custom models.
  *
  * @param model The model name to check.
+ * @param config Optional config object for dynamic model configuration.
  * @returns True if the model supports modern features like thoughts.
  */
-export function supportsModernFeatures(model: string): boolean {
+export function supportsModernFeatures(
-  if (isGemini3Model(model)) return true;
+  model: string,
-  return isCustomModel(model);
+  config?: ModelResolutionContext,
+): boolean {
+  if (isGemini3Model(model, config)) return true;
+  return isCustomModel(model, config);
 }
 
 /**
  * Checks if the model is an auto model.
  *
  * @param model The model name to check.
+ * @param config Optional config object for dynamic model configuration.
  * @returns True if the model is an auto model.
  */
-export function isAutoModel(model: string): boolean {
+export function isAutoModel(
+  model: string,
+  config?: ModelResolutionContext,
+): boolean {
+  if (config?.getExperimentalDynamicModelConfiguration?.() === true) {
+    return config.modelConfigService.getModelDefinition(model)?.tier === 'auto';
+  }
   return (
     model === GEMINI_MODEL_ALIAS_AUTO ||
     model === PREVIEW_GEMINI_MODEL_AUTO ||
@@ -255,9 +339,23 @@ export function isAutoModel(model: string): boolean {
  * This is supported in Gemini 3.
  *
  * @param model The model name to check.
+ * @param config Optional config object for dynamic model configuration.
  * @returns True if the model supports multimodal function responses.
  */
-export function supportsMultimodalFunctionResponse(model: string): boolean {
+export function supportsMultimodalFunctionResponse(
+  model: string,
+  config?: ModelResolutionContext,
+): boolean {
+  if (config?.getExperimentalDynamicModelConfiguration?.() === true) {
+    if (VALID_ALIASES.has(model)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    const resolved = resolveModel(model);
+    return (
+      config.modelConfigService.getModelDefinition(resolved)?.features
+        ?.multimodalToolUse === true
+    );
+  }
   return model.startsWith('gemini-3-');
 }
 
@@ -266,16 +364,32 @@ export function supportsMultimodalFunctionResponse(model: string): boolean {
  *
  * @param model The model name to check.
  * @param useGemini3_1 Whether Gemini 3.1 Pro Preview is enabled.
+ * @param config Optional config object for dynamic model configuration.
  * @returns True if the model is active.
  */
 export function isActiveModel(
   model: string,
   useGemini3_1: boolean = false,
   useCustomToolModel: boolean = false,
+  config?: ModelResolutionContext,
 ): boolean {
-  if (!VALID_GEMINI_MODELS.has(model)) {
+  if (config?.getExperimentalDynamicModelConfiguration?.() === true) {
+    if (VALID_ALIASES.has(model)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    const definition = config.modelConfigService.getModelDefinition(model);
+    if (!definition) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // Legacy logic only considers explicit Gemini models as "active".
+    if (definition.tier === 'custom' && !model.startsWith('gemini-')) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  } else if (!VALID_GEMINI_MODELS.has(model)) {
     return false;
   }
+
   if (useGemini3_1) {
     if (model === PREVIEW_GEMINI_MODEL) {
       return false;
@@ -297,9 +411,19 @@ export function isActiveModel(
  * Checks if the model name is valid (either a valid model or a valid alias).
  *
  * @param model The model name to check.
+ * @param config Optional config object for dynamic model configuration.
  * @returns True if the model is valid.
  */
-export function isValidModelOrAlias(model: string): boolean {
+export function isValidModelOrAlias(
+  model: string,
+  config?: ModelResolutionContext,
+): boolean {
+  if (config?.getExperimentalDynamicModelConfiguration?.() === true) {
+    if (config.modelConfigService.getModelDefinition(model)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
   // Check if it's a valid alias
   if (VALID_ALIASES.has(model)) {
     return true;

packages/core/src/core/geminiChat.ts

@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ export class GeminiChat {
               : getRetryErrorType(error);
 
             if (
-              (isContentError && isGemini2Model(model)) ||
+              (isContentError && isGemini2Model(model, this.context.config)) ||
               (isRetryable && !signal.aborted)
             ) {
               // The issue requests exactly 3 retries (4 attempts) for API errors during stream iteration.
@@ -551,7 +551,10 @@ export class GeminiChat {
         abortSignal,
       };
 
-      let contentsToUse: Content[] = supportsModernFeatures(modelToUse)
+      let contentsToUse: Content[] = supportsModernFeatures(
+        modelToUse,
+        this.context.config,
+      )
         ? [...contentsForPreviewModel]
         : [...requestContents];
 

packages/core/src/prompts/promptProvider.ts

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ export class PromptProvider {
       context.config.getActiveModel(),
       context.config.getGemini31LaunchedSync?.() ?? false,
     );
-    const isModernModel = supportsModernFeatures(desiredModel);
+    const isModernModel = supportsModernFeatures(desiredModel, context.config);
     const activeSnippets = isModernModel ? snippets : legacySnippets;
     const contextFilenames = getAllGeminiMdFilenames();
 
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ export class PromptProvider {
       context.config.getActiveModel(),
       context.config.getGemini31LaunchedSync?.() ?? false,
     );
-    const isModernModel = supportsModernFeatures(desiredModel);
+    const isModernModel = supportsModernFeatures(desiredModel, context.config);
     const activeSnippets = isModernModel ? snippets : legacySnippets;
     return activeSnippets.getCompressionPrompt(
       context.config.getApprovedPlanPath(),

packages/core/src/routing/strategies/approvalModeStrategy.ts

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ export class ApprovalModeStrategy implements RoutingStrategy {
     const model = context.requestedModel ?? config.getModel();
 
     // This strategy only applies to "auto" models.
-    if (!isAutoModel(model)) {
+    if (!isAutoModel(model, config)) {
       return null;
     }
 

packages/core/src/routing/strategies/classifierStrategy.ts

@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ export class ClassifierStrategy implements RoutingStrategy {
       const model = context.requestedModel ?? config.getModel();
       if (
         (await config.getNumericalRoutingEnabled()) &&
-        isGemini3Model(model)
+        isGemini3Model(model, config)
       ) {
         return null;
       }

packages/core/src/routing/strategies/numericalClassifierStrategy.ts

@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ export class NumericalClassifierStrategy implements RoutingStrategy {
         return null;
       }
 
-      if (!isGemini3Model(model)) {
+      if (!isGemini3Model(model, config)) {
         return null;
       }
 

packages/core/src/routing/strategies/overrideStrategy.ts

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ export class OverrideStrategy implements RoutingStrategy {
     const overrideModel = context.requestedModel ?? config.getModel();
 
     // If the model is 'auto' we should pass to the next strategy.
-    if (isAutoModel(overrideModel)) {
+    if (isAutoModel(overrideModel, config)) {
       return null;
     }
 

packages/core/src/services/modelConfigService.ts

@@ -51,11 +51,34 @@ export interface ModelConfigAlias {
   modelConfig: ModelConfig;
 }
 
+// A model definition is a mapping from a model name to a list of features
+// that the model supports. Model names can be either direct model IDs
+// (gemini-2.5-pro) or aliases (auto).
+export interface ModelDefinition {
+  displayName?: string;
+  tier?: string; // 'pro' | 'flash' | 'flash-lite' | 'custom' | 'auto'
+  family?: string; // The gemini family, e.g. 'gemini-3' | 'gemini-2'
+  isPreview?: boolean;
+  // Specifies which view the model should appear in. If unset, the model will
+  // not appear in the dialog.
+  dialogLocation?: 'main' | 'manual';
+  /** A short description of the model for the dialog. */
+  dialogDescription?: string;
+  features?: {
+    // Whether the model supports thinking.
+    thinking?: boolean;
+    // Whether the model supports mutlimodal function responses. This is
+    // supported in Gemini 3.
+    multimodalToolUse?: boolean;
+  };
+}
+
 export interface ModelConfigServiceConfig {
   aliases?: Record<string, ModelConfigAlias>;
   customAliases?: Record<string, ModelConfigAlias>;
   overrides?: ModelConfigOverride[];
   customOverrides?: ModelConfigOverride[];
+  modelDefinitions?: Record<string, ModelDefinition>;
 }
 
 const MAX_ALIAS_CHAIN_DEPTH = 100;
@@ -76,6 +99,28 @@ export class ModelConfigService {
   // TODO(12597): Process config to build a typed alias hierarchy.
   constructor(private readonly config: ModelConfigServiceConfig) {}
 
+  getModelDefinition(modelId: string): ModelDefinition | undefined {
+    const definition = this.config.modelDefinitions?.[modelId];
+    if (definition) {
+      return definition;
+    }
+
+    // For unknown models, return an implicit custom definition to match legacy behavior.
+    if (!modelId.startsWith('gemini-')) {
+      return {
+        tier: 'custom',
+        family: 'custom',
+        features: {},
+      };
+    }
+
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
+  getModelDefinitions(): Record<string, ModelDefinition> {
+    return this.config.modelDefinitions ?? {};
+  }
+
   registerRuntimeModelConfig(aliasName: string, alias: ModelConfigAlias): void {
     this.runtimeAliases[aliasName] = alias;
   }