feat(cli): add top-level /reload command to refresh all systems

- Consolidates existing reload subcommands (/agents, /commands, /extensions, /mcp, /memory, /skills) into a single top-level /reload (alias /refresh) command.
- Adds support for refreshing settings.json from disk via LoadedSettings.reload().
- Updates all relevant tests for LoadedSettings constructor changes.

packages/cli/src/config/settings.test.ts

@@ -2857,6 +2857,7 @@ describe('Settings Loading and Merging', () => {
         { ...emptySettingsFile, path: MOCK_WORKSPACE_SETTINGS_PATH },
         true, // isTrusted
         [],
+        MOCK_WORKSPACE_DIR,
       );
     });
 
@@ -3181,6 +3182,8 @@ describe('LoadedSettings Isolation and Serializability', () => {
       { ...emptyScope }, // user
       emptyScope, // workspace
       true, // isTrusted
+      [],
+      '',
     );
   });
 

packages/cli/src/config/settings.ts

@@ -312,6 +312,7 @@ export class LoadedSettings {
     workspace: SettingsFile,
     isTrusted: boolean,
     errors: SettingsError[] = [],
+    workspaceDir: string,
   ) {
     this.system = system;
     this.systemDefaults = systemDefaults;
@@ -322,21 +323,23 @@ export class LoadedSettings {
       ? workspace
       : this.createEmptyWorkspace(workspace);
     this.errors = errors;
+    this._workspaceDir = workspaceDir;
     this._merged = this.computeMergedSettings();
     this._snapshot = this.computeSnapshot();
   }
 
-  readonly system: SettingsFile;
-  readonly systemDefaults: SettingsFile;
-  readonly user: SettingsFile;
+  system: SettingsFile;
+  systemDefaults: SettingsFile;
+  user: SettingsFile;
   workspace: SettingsFile;
   isTrusted: boolean;
-  readonly errors: SettingsError[];
+  errors: SettingsError[];
 
   private _workspaceFile: SettingsFile;
   private _merged: MergedSettings;
   private _snapshot: LoadedSettingsSnapshot;
   private _remoteAdminSettings: Partial<Settings> | undefined;
+  private _workspaceDir: string;
 
   get merged(): MergedSettings {
     return this._merged;
@@ -492,6 +495,30 @@ export class LoadedSettings {
     this._remoteAdminSettings = { admin };
     this._merged = this.computeMergedSettings();
   }
+
+  /**
+   * Updates this instance with data from another instance.
+   * This preserves the object identity of this instance while refreshing its content.
+   */
+  updateFrom(other: LoadedSettings): void {
+    this.system = other.system;
+    this.systemDefaults = other.systemDefaults;
+    this.user = other.user;
+    this._workspaceFile = other._workspaceFile;
+    this.isTrusted = other.isTrusted;
+    this.workspace = other.workspace;
+    this.errors = [...other.errors];
+    this._merged = this.computeMergedSettings();
+    this._snapshot = this.computeSnapshot();
+    coreEvents.emitSettingsChanged();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Reloads settings from disk for the current workspace.
+   */
+  reload(): void {
+    this.updateFrom(loadSettings(this._workspaceDir));
+  }
 }
 
 function findEnvFile(startDir: string): string | null {
@@ -816,6 +843,7 @@ function _doLoadSettings(workspaceDir: string): LoadedSettings {
     },
     isTrusted,
     settingsErrors,
+    workspaceDir,
   );
 
   // Automatically migrate deprecated settings when loading.

packages/cli/src/services/BuiltinCommandLoader.test.ts

@@ -122,6 +122,9 @@ vi.mock('../ui/commands/toolsCommand.js', () => ({ toolsCommand: {} }));
 vi.mock('../ui/commands/skillsCommand.js', () => ({
   skillsCommand: { name: 'skills' },
 }));
+vi.mock('../ui/commands/reloadCommand.js', () => ({
+  reloadCommand: { name: 'reload' },
+}));
 vi.mock('../ui/commands/planCommand.js', async () => {
   const { CommandKind } = await import('../ui/commands/types.js');
   return {
@@ -247,6 +250,9 @@ describe('BuiltinCommandLoader', () => {
 
     const mcpCmd = commands.find((c) => c.name === 'mcp');
     expect(mcpCmd).toBeDefined();
+
+    const reloadCmd = commands.find((c) => c.name === 'reload');
+    expect(reloadCmd).toBeDefined();
   });
 
   it('should include permissions command when folder trust is enabled', async () => {

packages/cli/src/services/BuiltinCommandLoader.ts

@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ import { statsCommand } from '../ui/commands/statsCommand.js';
 import { themeCommand } from '../ui/commands/themeCommand.js';
 import { toolsCommand } from '../ui/commands/toolsCommand.js';
 import { skillsCommand } from '../ui/commands/skillsCommand.js';
+import { reloadCommand } from '../ui/commands/reloadCommand.js';
 import { settingsCommand } from '../ui/commands/settingsCommand.js';
 import { tasksCommand } from '../ui/commands/tasksCommand.js';
 import { vimCommand } from '../ui/commands/vimCommand.js';
@@ -187,6 +188,7 @@ export class BuiltinCommandLoader implements ICommandLoader {
       ...(this.config?.isPlanEnabled() ? [planCommand] : []),
       policiesCommand,
       privacyCommand,
+      reloadCommand,
       ...(isDevelopment ? [profileCommand] : []),
       quitCommand,
       restoreCommand(this.config),

packages/cli/src/test-utils/settings.ts

@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ export const createMockSettings = (
     (workspace as any) || { path: '', settings: {}, originalSettings: {} },
     isTrusted ?? true,
     errors || [],
+    '',
   );
 
   if (mergedOverride) {

packages/cli/src/ui/commands/reloadCommand.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2026 Google LLC
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+import { refreshMemory } from '@google/gemini-cli-core';
+import { MessageType } from '../types.js';
+import {
+  CommandKind,
+  type CommandContext,
+  type SlashCommand,
+  type SlashCommandActionReturn,
+} from './types.js';
+
+/**
+ * Action for the top-level `/reload` command.
+ * Orchestrates re-syncing the agent by reloading skills, agents, MCP servers,
+ * memory, and then refreshing the slash commands.
+ */
+async function reloadAllAction(
+  context: CommandContext,
+): Promise<void | SlashCommandActionReturn> {
+  const agentContext = context.services.agentContext;
+  const config = agentContext?.config;
+
+  if (!config) {
+    return {
+      type: 'message',
+      messageType: 'error',
+      content: 'Could not retrieve configuration for reload.',
+    };
+  }
+
+  context.ui.addItem({
+    type: MessageType.INFO,
+    text: 'Reloading all agent systems...',
+  });
+
+  const errors: string[] = [];
+
+  // 0. Reload settings.json
+  try {
+    context.services.settings.reload();
+  } catch (error) {
+    errors.push(
+      `Settings: ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  // 1. Reload Skills & Extensions
+  try {
+    await config.reloadSkills();
+  } catch (error) {
+    errors.push(
+      `Skills: ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  // 2. Reload Agent Registry
+  const agentRegistry = config.getAgentRegistry();
+  if (agentRegistry) {
+    try {
+      await agentRegistry.reload();
+    } catch (error) {
+      errors.push(
+        `Agents: ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}`,
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 3. Reload MCP Servers
+  const mcpClientManager = config.getMcpClientManager();
+  if (mcpClientManager) {
+    try {
+      await mcpClientManager.restart();
+      // Update the client with the new tools
+      if (agentContext.geminiClient?.isInitialized()) {
+        await agentContext.geminiClient.setTools();
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      errors.push(
+        `MCP: ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}`,
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 4. Reload Memory
+  try {
+    const memoryResult = await refreshMemory(config);
+    context.ui.addItem({
+      type: MessageType.INFO,
+      text: memoryResult.content,
+    });
+  } catch (error) {
+    errors.push(
+      `Memory: ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  // 5. Finally, reload slash commands to reflect all changes
+  try {
+    context.ui.reloadCommands();
+  } catch (error) {
+    errors.push(
+      `Commands: ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (errors.length > 0) {
+    return {
+      type: 'message',
+      messageType: 'error',
+      content: `Reload completed with errors:\n- ${errors.join('\n- ')}`,
+    };
+  }
+
+  return {
+    type: 'message',
+    messageType: 'info',
+    content: 'All systems reloaded successfully.',
+  };
+}
+
+export const reloadCommand: SlashCommand = {
+  name: 'reload',
+  altNames: ['refresh'],
+  description:
+    'Reload all agent systems (skills, agents, MCP, memory, and commands)',
+  kind: CommandKind.BUILT_IN,
+  autoExecute: true,
+  action: reloadAllAction,
+};

packages/cli/src/ui/components/AgentConfigDialog.test.tsx

@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ const createMockSettings = (
     },
     true,
     [],
+    '',
   );
 
   // Mock setValue

packages/cli/src/ui/utils/CodeColorizer.test.tsx

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ describe('colorizeCode', () => {
       { path: '', settings: {}, originalSettings: {} },
       true,
       [],
+      '',
     );
 
     const result = colorizeCode({
@@ -63,6 +64,7 @@ describe('colorizeCode', () => {
       { path: '', settings: {}, originalSettings: {} },
       true,
       [],
+      '',
     );
 
     const result = colorizeCode({
@@ -89,6 +91,7 @@ describe('colorizeCode', () => {
       { path: '', settings: {}, originalSettings: {} },
       true,
       [],
+      '',
     );
 
     const result = colorizeCode({

packages/cli/src/ui/utils/MarkdownDisplay.test.tsx

@@ -213,6 +213,7 @@ Another paragraph.
         { path: '', settings: {}, originalSettings: {} },
         true,
         [],
+        '',
       );
 
       const { lastFrame, unmount } = await renderWithProviders(