Test mdx file

Co-authored-by: g-samroberts <158088236+g-samroberts@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: g-samroberts <samroberts@google.com>

.gemini/skills/ci/SKILL.md

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+---
+name: ci
+description:
+  A specialized skill for Gemini CLI that provides high-performance, fail-fast
+  monitoring of GitHub Actions workflows and automated local verification of CI
+  failures. It handles run discovery automatically—simply provide the branch name.
+---
+
+# CI Replicate & Status
+
+This skill enables the agent to efficiently monitor GitHub Actions, triage
+failures, and bridge remote CI errors to local development. It defaults to
+**automatic replication** of failures to streamline the fix cycle.
+
+## Core Capabilities
+
+- **Automatic Replication**: Automatically monitors CI and immediately executes 
+  suggested test or lint commands locally upon failure.
+- **Real-time Monitoring**: Aggregated status line for all concurrent workflows
+  on the current branch.
+- **Fail-Fast Triage**: Immediately stops on the first job failure to provide a
+  structured report.
+
+## Workflow
+
+### 1. CI Replicate (`replicate`) - DEFAULT
+Use this as the primary path to monitor CI and **automatically** replicate 
+failures locally for immediate triage and fixing.
+- **Behavior**: When this workflow is triggered, the agent will monitor the CI
+  and **immediately and automatically execute** all suggested test or lint
+  commands (marked with 🚀) as soon as a failure is detected. 
+- **Tool**: `node .gemini/skills/ci/scripts/ci.mjs [branch]`
+- **Discovery**: The script **automatically** finds the latest active or recent
+  run for the branch. Do NOT manually search for run IDs.
+- **Goal**: Reproduce the failure locally without manual intervention, then
+  proceed to analyze and fix the code.
+
+### 1. CI Status (`status`)
+Use this when you have pushed changes and need to monitor the CI and reproduce
+any failures locally.
+- **Tool**: `node .gemini/skills/ci/scripts/ci.mjs [branch] [run_id]`
+- **Discovery**: The script **automatically** finds the latest active or recent
+  run for the branch. You should NOT manually search for \`run_id\` using \`gh run list\`
+  unless a specific historical run is requested. Simply provide the branch name.
+- **Step 1 (Monitor)**: Execute the tool with the branch name.
+- **Step 2 (Extract)**: Extract suggested \`npm test\` or \`npm run lint\` commands
+  from the output (marked with 🚀).
+- **Step 3 (Reproduce)**: Execute those commands locally to confirm the failure.
+- **Behavior**: It will poll every 15 seconds. If it detects a failure, it will
+  exit with a structured report and provide the exact commands to run locally.
+
+## Failure Categories & Actions
+
+- **Test Failures**: Agent should run the specific `npm test -w <pkg> -- <path>`
+  command suggested.
+- **Lint Errors**: Agent should run `npm run lint:all` or the specific package
+  lint command.
+- **Build Errors**: Agent should check `tsc` output or build logs to resolve
+  compilation issues.
+- **Job Errors**: Investigate `gh run view --job <job_id> --log` for
+  infrastructure or setup failures.
+
+## Noise Filtering
+The underlying scripts automatically filter noise (Git logs, NPM warnings, stack
+trace overhead). The agent should focus on the "Structured Failure Report"
+provided by the tool.

.gemini/skills/ci/scripts/ci.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2026 Google LLC
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+import { execSync } from 'node:child_process';
+
+const BRANCH =
+  process.argv[2] || execSync('git branch --show-current').toString().trim();
+const RUN_ID_OVERRIDE = process.argv[3];
+
+let REPO;
+try {
+  const remoteUrl = execSync('git remote get-url origin').toString().trim();
+  REPO = remoteUrl
+    .replace(/.*github\.com[\/:]/, '')
+    .replace(/\.git$/, '')
+    .trim();
+} catch (e) {
+  REPO = 'google-gemini/gemini-cli';
+}
+
+const FAILED_FILES = new Set();
+
+function runGh(args) {
+  try {
+    return execSync(`gh ${args}`, {
+      stdio: ['ignore', 'pipe', 'ignore'],
+    }).toString();
+  } catch (e) {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+function fetchFailuresViaApi(jobId) {
+  try {
+    const cmd = `gh api repos/${REPO}/actions/jobs/${jobId}/logs | grep -iE " FAIL |❌|ERROR|Lint failed|Build failed|Exception|failed with exit code"`;
+    return execSync(cmd, {
+      stdio: ['ignore', 'pipe', 'ignore'],
+      maxBuffer: 10 * 1024 * 1024,
+    }).toString();
+  } catch (e) {
+    return '';
+  }
+}
+
+function isNoise(line) {
+  const lower = line.toLowerCase();
+  return (
+    lower.includes('* [new branch]') ||
+    lower.includes('npm warn') ||
+    lower.includes('fetching updates') ||
+    lower.includes('node:internal/errors') ||
+    lower.includes('at ') || // Stack traces
+    lower.includes('checkexecsyncerror') ||
+    lower.includes('node_modules')
+  );
+}
+
+function extractTestFile(failureText) {
+  const cleanLine = failureText
+    .replace(/[|#\[\]()]/g, ' ')
+    .replace(/<[^>]*>/g, ' ')
+    .trim();
+  const fileMatch = cleanLine.match(/([\w\/._-]+\.test\.[jt]sx?)/);
+  if (fileMatch) return fileMatch[1];
+  return null;
+}
+
+function generateTestCommand(failedFilesMap) {
+  const workspaceToFiles = new Map();
+  for (const [file, info] of failedFilesMap.entries()) {
+    if (
+      ['Job Error', 'Unknown File', 'Build Error', 'Lint Error'].includes(file)
+    )
+      continue;
+    let workspace = '@google/gemini-cli';
+    let relPath = file;
+    if (file.startsWith('packages/core/')) {
+      workspace = '@google/gemini-cli-core';
+      relPath = file.replace('packages/core/', '');
+    } else if (file.startsWith('packages/cli/')) {
+      workspace = '@google/gemini-cli';
+      relPath = file.replace('packages/cli/', '');
+    }
+    relPath = relPath.replace(/^.*packages\/[^\/]+\//, '');
+    if (!workspaceToFiles.has(workspace))
+      workspaceToFiles.set(workspace, new Set());
+    workspaceToFiles.get(workspace).add(relPath);
+  }
+  const commands = [];
+  for (const [workspace, files] of workspaceToFiles.entries()) {
+    commands.push(`npm test -w ${workspace} -- ${Array.from(files).join(' ')}`);
+  }
+  return commands.join(' && ');
+}
+
+async function monitor() {
+  let targetRunIds = [];
+  if (RUN_ID_OVERRIDE) {
+    targetRunIds = [RUN_ID_OVERRIDE];
+  } else {
+    // 1. Get runs directly associated with the branch
+    const runListOutput = runGh(
+      `run list --branch "${BRANCH}" --limit 10 --json databaseId,status,workflowName,createdAt`,
+    );
+    if (runListOutput) {
+      const runs = JSON.parse(runListOutput);
+      const activeRuns = runs.filter((r) => r.status !== 'completed');
+      if (activeRuns.length > 0) {
+        targetRunIds = activeRuns.map((r) => r.databaseId);
+      } else if (runs.length > 0) {
+        const latestTime = new Date(runs[0].createdAt).getTime();
+        targetRunIds = runs
+          .filter((r) => latestTime - new Date(r.createdAt).getTime() < 60000)
+          .map((r) => r.databaseId);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // 2. Get runs associated with commit statuses (handles chained/indirect runs)
+    try {
+      const headSha = execSync(`git rev-parse "${BRANCH}"`).toString().trim();
+      const statusOutput = runGh(
+        `api repos/${REPO}/commits/${headSha}/status -q '.statuses[] | select(.target_url | contains("actions/runs/")) | .target_url'`,
+      );
+      if (statusOutput) {
+        const statusRunIds = statusOutput
+          .split('\n')
+          .filter(Boolean)
+          .map((url) => {
+            const match = url.match(/actions\/runs\/(\d+)/);
+            return match ? parseInt(match[1], 10) : null;
+          })
+          .filter(Boolean);
+
+        for (const runId of statusRunIds) {
+          if (!targetRunIds.includes(runId)) {
+            targetRunIds.push(runId);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (e) {
+      // Ignore if branch/SHA not found or API fails
+    }
+
+    if (targetRunIds.length > 0) {
+      const runNames = [];
+      for (const runId of targetRunIds) {
+        const runInfo = runGh(`run view "${runId}" --json workflowName`);
+        if (runInfo) {
+          runNames.push(JSON.parse(runInfo).workflowName);
+        }
+      }
+      console.log(`Monitoring workflows: ${[...new Set(runNames)].join(', ')}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (targetRunIds.length === 0) {
+    console.log(`No runs found for branch ${BRANCH}.`);
+    process.exit(0);
+  }
+
+  while (true) {
+    let allPassed = 0,
+      allFailed = 0,
+      allRunning = 0,
+      allQueued = 0,
+      totalJobs = 0;
+    let anyRunInProgress = false;
+    const fileToTests = new Map();
+    let failuresFoundInLoop = false;
+
+    for (const runId of targetRunIds) {
+      const runOutput = runGh(
+        `run view "${runId}" --json databaseId,status,conclusion,workflowName`,
+      );
+      if (!runOutput) continue;
+      const run = JSON.parse(runOutput);
+      if (run.status !== 'completed') anyRunInProgress = true;
+
+      const jobsOutput = runGh(`run view "${runId}" --json jobs`);
+      if (jobsOutput) {
+        const { jobs } = JSON.parse(jobsOutput);
+        totalJobs += jobs.length;
+        const failedJobs = jobs.filter((j) => j.conclusion === 'failure');
+        if (failedJobs.length > 0) {
+          failuresFoundInLoop = true;
+          for (const job of failedJobs) {
+            const failures = fetchFailuresViaApi(job.databaseId);
+            if (failures.trim()) {
+              failures.split('\n').forEach((line) => {
+                if (!line.trim() || isNoise(line)) return;
+                const file = extractTestFile(line);
+                const filePath =
+                  file ||
+                  (line.toLowerCase().includes('lint')
+                    ? 'Lint Error'
+                    : line.toLowerCase().includes('build')
+                      ? 'Build Error'
+                      : 'Unknown File');
+                let testName = line;
+                if (line.includes(' > ')) {
+                  testName = line.split(' > ').slice(1).join(' > ').trim();
+                }
+                if (!fileToTests.has(filePath))
+                  fileToTests.set(filePath, new Set());
+                fileToTests.get(filePath).add(testName);
+              });
+            } else {
+              const step =
+                job.steps?.find((s) => s.conclusion === 'failure')?.name ||
+                'unknown';
+              const category = step.toLowerCase().includes('lint')
+                ? 'Lint Error'
+                : step.toLowerCase().includes('build')
+                  ? 'Build Error'
+                  : 'Job Error';
+              if (!fileToTests.has(category))
+                fileToTests.set(category, new Set());
+              fileToTests
+                .get(category)
+                .add(`${job.name}: Failed at step "${step}"`);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        for (const job of jobs) {
+          if (job.status === 'in_progress') allRunning++;
+          else if (job.status === 'queued') allQueued++;
+          else if (job.conclusion === 'success') allPassed++;
+          else if (job.conclusion === 'failure') allFailed++;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (failuresFoundInLoop) {
+      console.log(
+        `\n\n❌ Failures detected across ${allFailed} job(s). Stopping monitor...`,
+      );
+      console.log('\n--- Structured Failure Report (Noise Filtered) ---');
+      for (const [file, tests] of fileToTests.entries()) {
+        console.log(`\nCategory/File: ${file}`);
+        // Limit output per file if it's too large
+        const testsArr = Array.from(tests).map((t) =>
+          t.length > 500 ? t.substring(0, 500) + '... [TRUNCATED]' : t,
+        );
+        testsArr.slice(0, 10).forEach((t) => console.log(`  - ${t}`));
+        if (testsArr.length > 10)
+          console.log(`  ... and ${testsArr.length - 10} more`);
+      }
+      const testCmd = generateTestCommand(fileToTests);
+      if (testCmd) {
+        console.log('\n🚀 Run this to verify fixes:');
+        console.log(testCmd);
+      } else if (
+        Array.from(fileToTests.keys()).some((k) => k.includes('Lint'))
+      ) {
+        console.log('\n🚀 Run this to verify lint fixes:\nnpm run lint:all');
+      }
+      console.log('---------------------------------');
+      process.exit(1);
+    }
+
+    const completed = allPassed + allFailed;
+    process.stdout.write(
+      `\r⏳ Monitoring ${targetRunIds.length} runs... ${completed}/${totalJobs} jobs (${allPassed} passed, ${allFailed} failed, ${allRunning} running, ${allQueued} queued)          `,
+    );
+    if (!anyRunInProgress) {
+      console.log('\n✅ All workflows passed!');
+      process.exit(0);
+    }
+    await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 15000));
+  }
+}
+
+monitor().catch((err) => {
+  console.error('\nMonitor error:', err.message);
+  process.exit(1);
+});

.gitattributes

@@ -22,3 +22,6 @@ Makefile eol=lf
 *.eot binary
 *.ttf binary
 *.otf binary
+
+# Configure GitHub to treat Markdoc files as Markdown
+*.mdoc linguist-language=Markdown

.github/actions/publish-release/action.yml

@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ runs:
           --dry-run="${INPUTS_DRY_RUN}" \
           --workspace="${INPUTS_CORE_PACKAGE_NAME}" \
           --no-tag
-        npm dist-tag rm ${INPUTS_CORE_PACKAGE_NAME} false --silent
+        npm dist-tag rm ${INPUTS_CORE_PACKAGE_NAME} false
 
     - name: '🔗 Install latest core package'
       working-directory: '${{ inputs.working-directory }}'
@@ -221,7 +221,9 @@ runs:
           --dry-run="${INPUTS_DRY_RUN}" \
           --workspace="${INPUTS_CLI_PACKAGE_NAME}" \
           --no-tag
-        npm dist-tag rm ${INPUTS_CLI_PACKAGE_NAME} false --silent
+        if [[ "${INPUTS_DRY_RUN}" == "false" ]]; then
+          npm dist-tag rm ${INPUTS_CLI_PACKAGE_NAME} false
+        fi
 
     - name: 'Get a2a-server Token'
       uses: './.github/actions/npm-auth-token'
@@ -246,7 +248,7 @@ runs:
           --dry-run="${INPUTS_DRY_RUN}" \
           --workspace="${INPUTS_A2A_PACKAGE_NAME}" \
           --no-tag
-        npm dist-tag rm ${INPUTS_A2A_PACKAGE_NAME} false --silent
+        npm dist-tag rm ${INPUTS_A2A_PACKAGE_NAME} false
 
     - name: '🔬 Verify NPM release by version'
       uses: './.github/actions/verify-release'

.github/actions/push-sandbox/action.yml

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ runs:
         JSON_INPUTS: '${{ toJSON(inputs) }}'
       run: 'echo "$JSON_INPUTS"'
     - name: 'Checkout'
-      uses: 'actions/checkout@v4'
+      uses: 'actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5' # ratchet:actions/checkout@v4
       with:
         ref: '${{ inputs.github-sha }}'
         fetch-depth: 0
@@ -45,11 +45,11 @@ runs:
       shell: 'bash'
       run: 'npm run build'
     - name: 'Set up QEMU'
-      uses: 'docker/setup-qemu-action@v3'
+      uses: 'docker/setup-qemu-action@c7c53464625b32c7a7e944ae62b3e17d2b600130' # ratchet:docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
     - name: 'Set up Docker Buildx'
-      uses: 'docker/setup-buildx-action@v3'
+      uses: 'docker/setup-buildx-action@8d2750c68a42422c14e847fe6c8ac0403b4cbd6f' # ratchet:docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
     - name: 'Log in to GitHub Container Registry'
-      uses: 'docker/login-action@v3'
+      uses: 'docker/login-action@c94ce9fb468520275223c153574b00df6fe4bcc9' # ratchet:docker/login-action@v3
       with:
         registry: 'docker.io'
         username: '${{ inputs.dockerhub-username }}'

.github/actions/verify-release/action.yml

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ runs:
       run: 'echo "$JSON_INPUTS"'
 
     - name: 'setup node'
-      uses: 'actions/setup-node@v4'
+      uses: 'actions/setup-node@49933ea5288caeca8642d1e84afbd3f7d6820020' # ratchet:actions/setup-node@v4
       with:
         node-version: '20'
 

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ jobs:
           cache: 'npm'
 
       - name: 'Cache Linters'
-        uses: 'actions/cache@v4'
+        uses: 'actions/cache@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830' # ratchet:actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: '${{ env.GEMINI_LINT_TEMP_DIR }}'
           key: "${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-linters-${{ hashFiles('scripts/lint.js') }}"
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ jobs:
         run: 'npm ci'
 
       - name: 'Cache ESLint'
-        uses: 'actions/cache@v4'
+        uses: 'actions/cache@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830' # ratchet:actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: '.eslintcache'
           key: "${{ runner.os }}-eslint-${{ hashFiles('package-lock.json', 'eslint.config.js') }}"
@@ -114,6 +114,9 @@ jobs:
       - name: 'Run sensitive keyword linter'
         run: 'node scripts/lint.js --sensitive-keywords'
 
+      - name: 'Run GitHub Actions pinning linter'
+        run: 'node scripts/lint.js --check-github-actions-pinning'
+
   link_checker:
     name: 'Link Checker'
     runs-on: 'ubuntu-latest'
@@ -158,6 +161,12 @@ jobs:
       - name: 'Build project'
         run: 'npm run build'
 
+      - name: 'Install system dependencies'
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update -qq && sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y -qq bubblewrap
+          # Ubuntu 24.04+ requires this to allow bwrap to function in CI
+          sudo sysctl -w kernel.apparmor_restrict_unprivileged_userns=0 || true
+
       - name: 'Install dependencies for testing'
         run: 'npm ci'
 

.github/workflows/gemini-scheduled-stale-issue-closer.yml

@@ -28,14 +28,14 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: 'Generate GitHub App Token'
         id: 'generate_token'
-        uses: 'actions/create-github-app-token@v2'
+        uses: 'actions/create-github-app-token@fee1f7d63c2ff003460e3d139729b119787bc349' # ratchet:actions/create-github-app-token@v2
         with:
           app-id: '${{ secrets.APP_ID }}'
           private-key: '${{ secrets.PRIVATE_KEY }}'
           permission-issues: 'write'
 
       - name: 'Process Stale Issues'
-        uses: 'actions/github-script@v7'
+        uses: 'actions/github-script@f28e40c7f34bde8b3046d885e986cb6290c5673b' # ratchet:actions/github-script@v7
         env:
           DRY_RUN: '${{ inputs.dry_run }}'
         with:

.github/workflows/gemini-scheduled-stale-pr-closer.yml

@@ -27,13 +27,13 @@ jobs:
           APP_ID: '${{ secrets.APP_ID }}'
         if: |-
           ${{ env.APP_ID != '' }}
-        uses: 'actions/create-github-app-token@v2'
+        uses: 'actions/create-github-app-token@fee1f7d63c2ff003460e3d139729b119787bc349' # ratchet:actions/create-github-app-token@v2
         with:
           app-id: '${{ secrets.APP_ID }}'
           private-key: '${{ secrets.PRIVATE_KEY }}'
 
       - name: 'Process Stale PRs'
-        uses: 'actions/github-script@v7'
+        uses: 'actions/github-script@f28e40c7f34bde8b3046d885e986cb6290c5673b' # ratchet:actions/github-script@v7
         env:
           DRY_RUN: '${{ inputs.dry_run }}'
         with:

.github/workflows/label-backlog-child-issues.yml

@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: 'ubuntu-latest'
     steps:
       - name: 'Checkout'
-        uses: 'actions/checkout@v4'
+        uses: 'actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5' # ratchet:actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: 'Setup Node.js'
-        uses: 'actions/setup-node@v4'
+        uses: 'actions/setup-node@49933ea5288caeca8642d1e84afbd3f7d6820020' # ratchet:actions/setup-node@v4
         with:
           node-version: '20'
           cache: 'npm'
@@ -40,10 +40,10 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: 'ubuntu-latest'
     steps:
       - name: 'Checkout'
-        uses: 'actions/checkout@v4'
+        uses: 'actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5' # ratchet:actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: 'Setup Node.js'
-        uses: 'actions/setup-node@v4'
+        uses: 'actions/setup-node@49933ea5288caeca8642d1e84afbd3f7d6820020' # ratchet:actions/setup-node@v4
         with:
           node-version: '20'
           cache: 'npm'

.github/workflows/label-workstream-rollup.yml

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ jobs:
       issues: 'write'
     steps:
       - name: 'Check for Parent Workstream and Apply Label'
-        uses: 'actions/github-script@v7'
+        uses: 'actions/github-script@f28e40c7f34bde8b3046d885e986cb6290c5673b' # ratchet:actions/github-script@v7
         with:
           script: |
             const labelToAdd = 'workstream-rollup';

.github/workflows/pr-contribution-guidelines-notifier.yml

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ jobs:
           APP_ID: '${{ secrets.APP_ID }}'
         if: |-
           ${{ env.APP_ID != '' }}
-        uses: 'actions/create-github-app-token@v2'
+        uses: 'actions/create-github-app-token@fee1f7d63c2ff003460e3d139729b119787bc349' # ratchet:actions/create-github-app-token@v2
         with:
           app-id: '${{ secrets.APP_ID }}'
           private-key: '${{ secrets.PRIVATE_KEY }}'

.github/workflows/release-change-tags.yml

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ jobs:
       issues: 'write'
     steps:
       - name: 'Checkout repository'
-        uses: 'actions/checkout@v4'
+        uses: 'actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5' # ratchet:actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           ref: '${{ github.ref }}'
           fetch-depth: 0

.github/workflows/release-notes.yml

@@ -29,14 +29,14 @@ jobs:
       pull-requests: 'write'
     steps:
       - name: 'Checkout repository'
-        uses: 'actions/checkout@v4'
+        uses: 'actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5' # ratchet:actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           # The user-level skills need to be available to the workflow
           fetch-depth: 0
           ref: 'main'
 
       - name: 'Set up Node.js'
-        uses: 'actions/setup-node@v4'
+        uses: 'actions/setup-node@49933ea5288caeca8642d1e84afbd3f7d6820020' # ratchet:actions/setup-node@v4
         with:
           node-version: '20'
 
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: 'Create Pull Request'
         if: "steps.validate_version.outputs.CONTINUE == 'true'"
-        uses: 'peter-evans/create-pull-request@v6'
+        uses: 'peter-evans/create-pull-request@c5a7806660adbe173f04e3e038b0ccdcd758773c' # ratchet:peter-evans/create-pull-request@v6
         with:
           token: '${{ secrets.GEMINI_CLI_ROBOT_GITHUB_PAT }}'
           commit-message: 'docs(changelog): update for ${{ steps.release_info.outputs.VERSION }}'

.github/workflows/test-build-binary.yml

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: 'Checkout'
-        uses: 'actions/checkout@v4'
+        uses: 'actions/checkout@34e114876b0b11c390a56381ad16ebd13914f8d5' # ratchet:actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: 'Optimize Windows Performance'
         if: "matrix.os == 'windows-latest'"
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ jobs:
         shell: 'powershell'
 
       - name: 'Set up Node.js'
-        uses: 'actions/setup-node@v4'
+        uses: 'actions/setup-node@49933ea5288caeca8642d1e84afbd3f7d6820020' # ratchet:actions/setup-node@v4
         with:
           node-version-file: '.nvmrc'
           architecture: '${{ matrix.arch }}'
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: 'Setup Windows SDK (Windows)'
         if: "matrix.os == 'windows-latest'"
-        uses: 'microsoft/setup-msbuild@v2'
+        uses: 'microsoft/setup-msbuild@6fb02220983dee41ce7ae257b6f4d8f9bf5ed4ce' # ratchet:microsoft/setup-msbuild@v2
 
       - name: 'Add Signtool to Path (Windows)'
         if: "matrix.os == 'windows-latest'"
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ jobs:
           npm run test:integration:sandbox:none -- --testTimeout=600000
 
       - name: 'Upload Artifact'
-        uses: 'actions/upload-artifact@v4'
+        uses: 'actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02' # ratchet:actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           name: 'gemini-cli-${{ matrix.platform_name }}'
           path: 'dist/${{ matrix.platform_name }}/'

.github/workflows/unassign-inactive-assignees.yml

@@ -40,13 +40,13 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: 'Generate GitHub App Token'
         id: 'generate_token'
-        uses: 'actions/create-github-app-token@v2'
+        uses: 'actions/create-github-app-token@fee1f7d63c2ff003460e3d139729b119787bc349' # ratchet:actions/create-github-app-token@v2
         with:
           app-id: '${{ secrets.APP_ID }}'
           private-key: '${{ secrets.PRIVATE_KEY }}'
 
       - name: 'Unassign inactive assignees'
-        uses: 'actions/github-script@v7'
+        uses: 'actions/github-script@f28e40c7f34bde8b3046d885e986cb6290c5673b' # ratchet:actions/github-script@v7
         env:
           DRY_RUN: '${{ inputs.dry_run }}'
         with:

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -323,8 +323,8 @@ fi
 
 #### Formatting
 
-To separately format the code in this project by running the following command
-from the root directory:
+To separately format the code in this project, run the following command from
+the root directory:
 
 ```bash
 npm run format

README.md

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ Learn all about Gemini CLI in our [documentation](https://geminicli.com/docs/).
 ## 📦 Installation
 
 See
-[Gemini CLI installation, execution, and releases](./docs/get-started/installation.md)
+[Gemini CLI installation, execution, and releases](https://geminicli.com/docs/get-started/installation/)
 for recommended system specifications and a detailed installation guide.
 
 ### Quick Install

docs/changelogs/index.md

@@ -18,6 +18,30 @@ on GitHub.
 | [Preview](preview.md) | Experimental features ready for early feedback. |
 | [Stable](latest.md)   | Stable, recommended for general use.            |
 
+## Announcements: v0.35.0 - 2026-03-24
+
+- **Customizable Keyboard Shortcuts:** Users can now customize their keyboard
+  shortcuts, including support for literal character keybindings and the
+  extended Kitty protocol
+  ([#21945](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21945),
+  [#21972](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21972) by
+  @scidomino).
+- **Vim Mode Improvements:** Added missing motions (X, ~, r, f/F/t/T) and
+  yank/paste support with the unnamed register
+  ([#21932](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21932),
+  [#22026](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22026) by @aanari).
+- **Tool Isolation and Sandboxing:** Introduced `SandboxManager` to isolate
+  process-spawning tools and added Linux bubblewrap/seccomp sandboxing support
+  ([#21774](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21774),
+  [#22231](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22231) by @galz10,
+  [#22680](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22680) by
+  @DavidAPierce).
+- **JIT Context Discovery:** Implemented Just-In-Time context discovery for file
+  system tools to improve model performance and accuracy
+  ([#22082](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22082),
+  [#22736](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22736) by
+  @SandyTao520).
+
 ## Announcements: v0.34.0 - 2026-03-17
 
 - **Plan Mode Enabled by Default:** Plan Mode is now enabled by default to help

docs/changelogs/latest.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# Latest stable release: v0.34.0
+# Latest stable release: v0.35.0
 
-Released: March 17, 2026
+Released: March 24, 2026
 
 For most users, our latest stable release is the recommended release. Install
 the latest stable version with:
@@ -11,474 +11,373 @@ npm install -g @google/gemini-cli
 
 ## Highlights
 
-- **Plan Mode Enabled by Default**: The comprehensive planning capability is now
-  enabled by default, allowing for better structured task management and
-  execution.
-- **Enhanced Sandboxing Capabilities**: Added support for native gVisor (runsc)
-  sandboxing as well as experimental LXC container sandboxing to provide more
-  robust and isolated execution environments.
-- **Improved Loop Detection & Recovery**: Implemented iterative loop detection
-  and model feedback mechanisms to prevent the CLI from getting stuck in
-  repetitive actions.
-- **Customizable UI Elements**: You can now configure a custom footer using the
-  new `/footer` command, and enjoy standardized semantic focus colors for better
-  history visibility.
-- **Extensive Subagent Updates**: Refinements across the tracker visualization
-  tools, background process logging, and broader fallback support for models in
-  tool execution scenarios.
+- **Customizable Keyboard Shortcuts:** Significant improvements to input
+  flexibility with support for custom keybindings, literal character bindings,
+  and extended terminal protocol keys.
+- **Vim Mode Enhancements:** Further refinement of the Vim modal editing
+  experience, adding common motions like \`X\`, \`~\`, \`r\`, and \`f/F/t/T\`,
+  along with yank and paste support.
+- **Enhanced Security through Sandboxing:** Introduction of a unified
+  \`SandboxManager\` and integration of Linux-native sandboxing (bubblewrap and
+  seccomp) to isolate tool execution and improve system security.
+- **JIT Context Discovery:** Improved performance and accuracy by enabling
+  Just-In-Time context loading for file system tools, ensuring the model has the
+  most relevant information without overwhelming the context.
+- **Subagent & Performance Updates:** Subagents are now enabled by default,
+  supported by a model-driven parallel tool scheduler and code splitting for
+  faster startup and more efficient task execution.
 
 ## What's Changed
 
-- feat(cli): add chat resume footer on session quit by @lordshashank in
-  [#20667](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20667)
-- Support bold and other styles in svg snapshots by @jacob314 in
-  [#20937](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20937)
-- fix(core): increase A2A agent timeout to 30 minutes by @adamfweidman in
-  [#21028](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21028)
-- Cleanup old branches. by @jacob314 in
-  [#19354](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/19354)
-- chore(release): bump version to 0.34.0-nightly.20260303.34f0c1538 by
+- feat(cli): customizable keyboard shortcuts by @scidomino in
+  [#21945](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21945)
+- feat(core): Thread `AgentLoopContext` through core. by @joshualitt in
+  [#21944](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21944)
+- chore(release): bump version to 0.35.0-nightly.20260311.657f19c1f by
   @gemini-cli-robot in
-  [#21034](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21034)
-- feat(ui): standardize semantic focus colors and enhance history visibility by
-  @keithguerin in
-  [#20745](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20745)
-- fix: merge duplicate imports in packages/core (3/4) by @Nixxx19 in
-  [#20928](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20928)
-- Add extra safety checks for proto pollution by @jacob314 in
-  [#20396](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20396)
-- feat(core): Add tracker CRUD tools & visualization by @anj-s in
-  [#19489](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/19489)
-- Revert "fix(ui): persist expansion in AskUser dialog when navigating options"
-  by @jacob314 in
-  [#21042](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21042)
-- Changelog for v0.33.0-preview.0 by @gemini-cli-robot in
-  [#21030](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21030)
-- fix: model persistence for all scenarios by @sripasg in
-  [#21051](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21051)
-- chore/release: bump version to 0.34.0-nightly.20260304.28af4e127 by
-  @gemini-cli-robot in
-  [#21054](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21054)
-- Consistently guard restarts against concurrent auto updates by @scidomino in
-  [#21016](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21016)
-- Defensive coding to reduce the risk of Maximum update depth errors by
-  @jacob314 in [#20940](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20940)
-- fix(cli): Polish shell autocomplete rendering to be a little more shell native
-  feeling. by @jacob314 in
-  [#20931](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20931)
-- Docs: Update plan mode docs by @jkcinouye in
-  [#19682](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/19682)
-- fix(mcp): Notifications/tools/list_changed support not working by @jacob314 in
-  [#21050](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21050)
-- fix(cli): register extension lifecycle events in DebugProfiler by
-  @fayerman-source in
-  [#20101](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20101)
-- chore(dev): update vscode settings for typescriptreact by @rohit-4321 in
-  [#19907](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/19907)
-- fix(cli): enable multi-arch docker builds for sandbox by @ru-aish in
-  [#19821](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/19821)
-- Changelog for v0.32.0 by @gemini-cli-robot in
-  [#21033](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21033)
-- Changelog for v0.33.0-preview.1 by @gemini-cli-robot in
-  [#21058](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21058)
-- feat(core): improve @scripts/copy_files.js autocomplete to prioritize
-  filenames by @sehoon38 in
-  [#21064](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21064)
-- feat(sandbox): add experimental LXC container sandbox support by @h30s in
-  [#20735](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20735)
-- feat(evals): add overall pass rate row to eval nightly summary table by
-  @gundermanc in
-  [#20905](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20905)
-- feat(telemetry): include language in telemetry and fix accepted lines
-  computation by @gundermanc in
-  [#21126](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21126)
-- Changelog for v0.32.1 by @gemini-cli-robot in
-  [#21055](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21055)
-- feat(core): add robustness tests, logging, and metrics for CodeAssistServer
-  SSE parsing by @yunaseoul in
-  [#21013](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21013)
-- feat: add issue assignee workflow by @kartikangiras in
-  [#21003](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21003)
-- fix: improve error message when OAuth succeeds but project ID is required by
-  @Nixxx19 in [#21070](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21070)
-- feat(loop-reduction): implement iterative loop detection and model feedback by
-  @aishaneeshah in
-  [#20763](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20763)
-- chore(github): require prompt approvers for agent prompt files by @gundermanc
-  in [#20896](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20896)
-- Docs: Create tools reference by @jkcinouye in
-  [#19470](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/19470)
-- fix(core, a2a-server): prevent hang during OAuth in non-interactive sessions
-  by @spencer426 in
-  [#21045](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21045)
-- chore(cli): enable deprecated settings removal by default by @yashodipmore in
-  [#20682](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20682)
-- feat(core): Disable fast ack helper for hints. by @joshualitt in
-  [#21011](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21011)
-- fix(ui): suppress redundant failure note when tool error note is shown by
-  @NTaylorMullen in
-  [#21078](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21078)
-- docs: document planning workflows with Conductor example by @jerop in
-  [#21166](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21166)
-- feat(release): ship esbuild bundle in npm package by @genneth in
-  [#19171](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/19171)
-- fix(extensions): preserve symlinks in extension source path while enforcing
-  folder trust by @galz10 in
-  [#20867](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20867)
-- fix(cli): defer tool exclusions to policy engine in non-interactive mode by
-  @EricRahm in [#20639](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20639)
-- fix(ui): removed double padding on rendered content by @devr0306 in
-  [#21029](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21029)
-- fix(core): truncate excessively long lines in grep search output by
-  @gundermanc in
-  [#21147](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21147)
-- feat: add custom footer configuration via `/footer` by @jackwotherspoon in
-  [#19001](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/19001)
-- perf(core): fix OOM crash in long-running sessions by @WizardsForgeGames in
-  [#19608](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/19608)
-- refactor(cli): categorize built-in themes into dark/ and light/ directories by
-  @JayadityaGit in
-  [#18634](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18634)
-- fix(core): explicitly allow codebase_investigator and cli_help in read-only
-  mode by @Adib234 in
-  [#21157](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21157)
-- test: add browser agent integration tests by @kunal-10-cloud in
-  [#21151](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21151)
-- fix(cli): fix enabling kitty codes on Windows Terminal by @scidomino in
-  [#21136](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21136)
-- refactor(core): extract shared OAuth flow primitives from MCPOAuthProvider by
-  @SandyTao520 in
-  [#20895](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20895)
-- fix(ui): add partial output to cancelled shell UI by @devr0306 in
-  [#21178](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21178)
-- fix(cli): replace hardcoded keybinding strings with dynamic formatters by
-  @scidomino in [#21159](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21159)
-- DOCS: Update quota and pricing page by @g-samroberts in
-  [#21194](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21194)
-- feat(telemetry): implement Clearcut logging for startup statistics by
-  @yunaseoul in [#21172](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21172)
-- feat(triage): add area/documentation to issue triage by @g-samroberts in
-  [#21222](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21222)
-- Fix so shell calls are formatted by @jacob314 in
-  [#21237](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21237)
-- feat(cli): add native gVisor (runsc) sandboxing support by @Zheyuan-Lin in
-  [#21062](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21062)
-- docs: use absolute paths for internal links in plan-mode.md by @jerop in
-  [#21299](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21299)
-- fix(core): prevent unhandled AbortError crash during stream loop detection by
-  @7hokerz in [#21123](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21123)
-- fix:reorder env var redaction checks to scan values first by @kartikangiras in
-  [#21059](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21059)
-- fix(acp): rename --experimental-acp to --acp & remove Zed-specific refrences
-  by @skeshive in
-  [#21171](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21171)
-- feat(core): fallback to 2.5 models with no access for toolcalls by @sehoon38
-  in [#21283](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21283)
-- test(core): improve testing for API request/response parsing by @sehoon38 in
-  [#21227](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21227)
-- docs(links): update docs-writer skill and fix broken link by @g-samroberts in
-  [#21314](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21314)
-- Fix code colorizer ansi escape bug. by @jacob314 in
-  [#21321](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21321)
-- remove wildcard behavior on keybindings by @scidomino in
-  [#21315](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21315)
-- feat(acp): Add support for AI Gateway auth by @skeshive in
-  [#21305](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21305)
-- fix(theme): improve theme color contrast for macOS Terminal.app by @clocky in
-  [#21175](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21175)
-- feat (core): Implement tracker related SI changes by @anj-s in
-  [#19964](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/19964)
-- Changelog for v0.33.0-preview.2 by @gemini-cli-robot in
-  [#21333](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21333)
-- Changelog for v0.33.0-preview.3 by @gemini-cli-robot in
-  [#21347](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21347)
-- docs: format release times as HH:MM UTC by @pavan-sh in
-  [#20726](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20726)
-- fix(cli): implement --all flag for extensions uninstall by @sehoon38 in
-  [#21319](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21319)
-- docs: fix incorrect relative links to command reference by @kanywst in
-  [#20964](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20964)
-- documentiong ensures ripgrep by @Jatin24062005 in
-  [#21298](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21298)
-- fix(core): handle AbortError thrown during processTurn by @MumuTW in
-  [#21296](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21296)
-- docs(cli): clarify ! command output visibility in shell commands tutorial by
-  @MohammedADev in
-  [#21041](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21041)
-- fix: logic for task tracker strategy and remove tracker tools by @anj-s in
-  [#21355](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21355)
-- fix(partUtils): display media type and size for inline data parts by @Aboudjem
-  in [#21358](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21358)
-- Fix(accessibility): add screen reader support to RewindViewer by @Famous077 in
-  [#20750](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20750)
-- fix(hooks): propagate stopHookActive in AfterAgent retry path (#20426) by
-  @Aarchi-07 in [#20439](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20439)
-- fix(core): deduplicate GEMINI.md files by device/inode on case-insensitive
-  filesystems (#19904) by @Nixxx19 in
-  [#19915](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/19915)
-- feat(core): add concurrency safety guidance for subagent delegation (#17753)
-  by @abhipatel12 in
-  [#21278](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21278)
-- feat(ui): dynamically generate all keybinding hints by @scidomino in
-  [#21346](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21346)
-- feat(core): implement unified KeychainService and migrate token storage by
-  @ehedlund in [#21344](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21344)
-- fix(cli): gracefully handle --resume when no sessions exist by @SandyTao520 in
-  [#21429](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21429)
-- fix(plan): keep approved plan during chat compression by @ruomengz in
-  [#21284](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21284)
-- feat(core): implement generic CacheService and optimize setupUser by @sehoon38
-  in [#21374](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21374)
-- Update quota and pricing documentation with subscription tiers by @srithreepo
-  in [#21351](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21351)
-- fix(core): append correct OTLP paths for HTTP exporters by
-  @sebastien-prudhomme in
-  [#16836](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/16836)
-- Changelog for v0.33.0-preview.4 by @gemini-cli-robot in
-  [#21354](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21354)
-- feat(cli): implement dot-prefixing for slash command conflicts by @ehedlund in
-  [#20979](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20979)
-- refactor(core): standardize MCP tool naming to mcp\_ FQN format by
-  @abhipatel12 in
-  [#21425](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21425)
-- feat(cli): hide gemma settings from display and mark as experimental by
-  @abhipatel12 in
-  [#21471](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21471)
-- feat(skills): refine string-reviewer guidelines and description by @clocky in
-  [#20368](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20368)
-- fix(core): whitelist TERM and COLORTERM in environment sanitization by
-  @deadsmash07 in
-  [#20514](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20514)
-- fix(billing): fix overage strategy lifecycle and settings integration by
-  @gsquared94 in
-  [#21236](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21236)
-- fix: expand paste placeholders in TextInput on submit by @Jefftree in
-  [#19946](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/19946)
-- fix(core): add in-memory cache to ChatRecordingService to prevent OOM by
-  @SandyTao520 in
-  [#21502](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21502)
-- feat(cli): overhaul thinking UI by @keithguerin in
-  [#18725](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18725)
-- fix(ui): unify Ctrl+O expansion hint experience across buffer modes by
-  @jwhelangoog in
-  [#21474](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21474)
-- fix(cli): correct shell height reporting by @jacob314 in
-  [#21492](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21492)
-- Make test suite pass when the GEMINI_SYSTEM_MD env variable or
-  GEMINI_WRITE_SYSTEM_MD variable happens to be set locally/ by @jacob314 in
-  [#21480](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21480)
-- Disallow underspecified types by @gundermanc in
-  [#21485](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21485)
-- refactor(cli): standardize on 'reload' verb for all components by @keithguerin
-  in [#20654](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20654)
-- feat(cli): Invert quota language to 'percent used' by @keithguerin in
-  [#20100](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20100)
-- Docs: Add documentation for notifications (experimental)(macOS) by @jkcinouye
-  in [#21163](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21163)
-- Code review comments as a pr by @jacob314 in
-  [#21209](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21209)
-- feat(cli): unify /chat and /resume command UX by @LyalinDotCom in
-  [#20256](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20256)
-- docs: fix typo 'allowslisted' -> 'allowlisted' in mcp-server.md by
+  [#21966](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21966)
+- refactor(a2a): remove legacy CoreToolScheduler by @adamfweidman in
+  [#21955](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21955)
+- feat(ui): add missing vim mode motions (X, ~, r, f/F/t/T, df/dt and friends)
+  by @aanari in [#21932](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21932)
+- Feat/retry fetch notifications by @aishaneeshah in
+  [#21813](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21813)
+- fix(core): remove OAuth check from handle fallback and clean up stray file by
+  @sehoon38 in [#21962](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21962)
+- feat(cli): support literal character keybindings and extended Kitty protocol
+  keys by @scidomino in
+  [#21972](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21972)
+- fix(ui): clamp cursor to last char after all NORMAL mode deletes by @aanari in
+  [#21973](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21973)
+- test(core): add missing tests for prompts/utils.ts by @krrishverma1805-web in
+  [#19941](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/19941)
+- fix(cli): allow scrolling keys in copy mode (Ctrl+S selection mode) by
+  @nsalerni in [#19933](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/19933)
+- docs(cli): add custom keybinding documentation by @scidomino in
+  [#21980](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21980)
+- docs: fix misleading YOLO mode description in defaultApprovalMode by
   @Gyanranjan-Priyam in
-  [#21665](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21665)
-- fix(core): display actual graph output in tracker_visualize tool by @anj-s in
-  [#21455](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21455)
-- fix(core): sanitize SSE-corrupted JSON and domain strings in error
-  classification by @gsquared94 in
-  [#21702](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21702)
-- Docs: Make documentation links relative by @diodesign in
-  [#21490](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21490)
-- feat(cli): expose /tools desc as explicit subcommand for discoverability by
-  @aworki in [#21241](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21241)
-- feat(cli): add /compact alias for /compress command by @jackwotherspoon in
-  [#21711](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21711)
-- feat(plan): enable Plan Mode by default by @jerop in
-  [#21713](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21713)
-- feat(core): Introduce `AgentLoopContext`. by @joshualitt in
-  [#21198](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21198)
-- fix(core): resolve symlinks for non-existent paths during validation by
-  @Adib234 in [#21487](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21487)
-- docs: document tool exclusion from memory via deny policy by @Abhijit-2592 in
-  [#21428](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21428)
-- perf(core): cache loadApiKey to reduce redundant keychain access by @sehoon38
-  in [#21520](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21520)
-- feat(cli): implement /upgrade command by @sehoon38 in
-  [#21511](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21511)
-- Feat/browser agent progress emission by @kunal-10-cloud in
-  [#21218](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21218)
-- fix(settings): display objects as JSON instead of [object Object] by
-  @Zheyuan-Lin in
-  [#21458](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21458)
-- Unmarshall update by @DavidAPierce in
-  [#21721](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21721)
-- Update mcp's list function to check for disablement. by @DavidAPierce in
-  [#21148](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21148)
-- robustness(core): static checks to validate history is immutable by @jacob314
-  in [#21228](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21228)
-- refactor(cli): better react patterns for BaseSettingsDialog by @psinha40898 in
-  [#21206](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21206)
-- feat(security): implement robust IP validation and safeFetch foundation by
-  @alisa-alisa in
-  [#21401](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21401)
-- feat(core): improve subagent result display by @joshualitt in
-  [#20378](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20378)
-- docs: fix broken markdown syntax and anchor links in /tools by @campox747 in
-  [#20902](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20902)
-- feat(policy): support subagent-specific policies in TOML by @akh64bit in
-  [#21431](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21431)
-- Add script to speed up reviewing PRs adding a worktree. by @jacob314 in
-  [#21748](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21748)
-- fix(core): prevent infinite recursion in symlink resolution by @Adib234 in
-  [#21750](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21750)
-- fix(docs): fix headless mode docs by @ame2en in
-  [#21287](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21287)
-- feat/redesign header compact by @jacob314 in
-  [#20922](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20922)
-- refactor: migrate to useKeyMatchers hook by @scidomino in
-  [#21753](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21753)
-- perf(cli): cache loadSettings to reduce redundant disk I/O at startup by
-  @sehoon38 in [#21521](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21521)
-- fix(core): resolve Windows line ending and path separation bugs across CLI by
-  @muhammadusman586 in
-  [#21068](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21068)
-- docs: fix heading formatting in commands.md and phrasing in tools-api.md by
-  @campox747 in [#20679](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20679)
-- refactor(ui): unify keybinding infrastructure and support string
-  initialization by @scidomino in
-  [#21776](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21776)
-- Add support for updating extension sources and names by @chrstnb in
-  [#21715](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21715)
-- fix(core): handle GUI editor non-zero exit codes gracefully by @reyyanxahmed
-  in [#20376](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20376)
-- fix(core): destroy PTY on kill() and exception to prevent fd leak by @nbardy
-  in [#21693](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21693)
-- fix(docs): update theme screenshots and add missing themes by @ashmod in
-  [#20689](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20689)
-- refactor(cli): rename 'return' key to 'enter' internally by @scidomino in
-  [#21796](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21796)
-- build(release): restrict npm bundling to non-stable tags by @sehoon38 in
-  [#21821](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21821)
-- fix(core): override toolRegistry property for sub-agent schedulers by
-  @gsquared94 in
-  [#21766](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21766)
-- fix(cli): make footer items equally spaced by @jacob314 in
-  [#21843](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21843)
-- docs: clarify global policy rules application in plan mode by @jerop in
-  [#21864](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21864)
-- fix(core): ensure correct flash model steering in plan mode implementation
-  phase by @jerop in
-  [#21871](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21871)
-- fix(core): update @a2a-js/sdk to 0.3.11 by @adamfweidman in
-  [#21875](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21875)
-- refactor(core): improve API response error logging when retry by @yunaseoul in
-  [#21784](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21784)
-- fix(ui): handle headless execution in credits and upgrade dialogs by
-  @gsquared94 in
-  [#21850](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21850)
-- fix(core): treat retryable errors with >5 min delay as terminal quota errors
-  by @gsquared94 in
-  [#21881](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21881)
-- feat(telemetry): add specific PR, issue, and custom tracking IDs for GitHub
-  Actions by @cocosheng-g in
-  [#21129](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21129)
-- feat(core): add OAuth2 Authorization Code auth provider for A2A agents by
-  @SandyTao520 in
-  [#21496](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21496)
-- feat(cli): give visibility to /tools list command in the TUI and follow the
-  subcommand pattern of other commands by @JayadityaGit in
-  [#21213](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21213)
-- Handle dirty worktrees better and warn about running scripts/review.sh on
-  untrusted code. by @jacob314 in
-  [#21791](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21791)
-- feat(policy): support auto-add to policy by default and scoped persistence by
+  [#21878](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21878)
+- fix: clean up /clear and /resume by @jackwotherspoon in
+  [#22007](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22007)
+- fix(core)#20941: reap orphaned descendant processes on PTY abort by @manavmax
+  in [#21124](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21124)
+- fix(core): update language detection to use LSP 3.18 identifiers by @yunaseoul
+  in [#21931](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21931)
+- feat(cli): support removing keybindings via '-' prefix by @scidomino in
+  [#22042](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22042)
+- feat(policy): add --admin-policy flag for supplemental admin policies by
+  @galz10 in [#20360](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20360)
+- merge duplicate imports packages/cli/src subtask1 by @Nixxx19 in
+  [#22040](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22040)
+- perf(core): parallelize user quota and experiments fetching in refreshAuth by
+  @sehoon38 in [#21648](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21648)
+- Changelog for v0.34.0-preview.0 by @gemini-cli-robot in
+  [#21965](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21965)
+- Changelog for v0.33.0 by @gemini-cli-robot in
+  [#21967](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21967)
+- fix(core): handle EISDIR in robustRealpath on Windows by @sehoon38 in
+  [#21984](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21984)
+- feat(core): include initiationMethod in conversation interaction telemetry by
+  @yunaseoul in [#22054](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22054)
+- feat(ui): add vim yank/paste (y/p/P) with unnamed register by @aanari in
+  [#22026](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22026)
+- fix(core): enable numerical routing for api key users by @sehoon38 in
+  [#21977](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21977)
+- feat(telemetry): implement retry attempt telemetry for network related retries
+  by @aishaneeshah in
+  [#22027](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22027)
+- fix(policy): remove unnecessary escapeRegex from pattern builders by
   @spencer426 in
-  [#20361](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20361)
-- fix(core): handle AbortError when ESC cancels tool execution by @PrasannaPal21
-  in [#20863](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20863)
-- fix(release): Improve Patch Release Workflow Comments: Clearer Approval
-  Guidance by @jerop in
-  [#21894](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21894)
-- docs: clarify telemetry setup and comprehensive data map by @jerop in
-  [#21879](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21879)
-- feat(core): add per-model token usage to stream-json output by @yongruilin in
-  [#21839](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21839)
-- docs: remove experimental badge from plan mode in sidebar by @jerop in
-  [#21906](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21906)
-- fix(cli): prevent race condition in loop detection retry by @skyvanguard in
-  [#17916](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17916)
-- Add behavioral evals for tracker by @anj-s in
-  [#20069](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20069)
-- fix(auth): update terminology to 'sign in' and 'sign out' by @clocky in
-  [#20892](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20892)
-- docs(mcp): standardize mcp tool fqn documentation by @abhipatel12 in
-  [#21664](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21664)
-- fix(ui): prevent empty tool-group border stubs after filtering by @Aaxhirrr in
-  [#21852](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21852)
-- make command names consistent by @scidomino in
-  [#21907](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21907)
-- refactor: remove agent_card_requires_auth config flag by @adamfweidman in
-  [#21914](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21914)
-- feat(a2a): implement standardized normalization and streaming reassembly by
-  @alisa-alisa in
-  [#21402](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21402)
-- feat(cli): enable skill activation via slash commands by @NTaylorMullen in
-  [#21758](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21758)
-- docs(cli): mention per-model token usage in stream-json result event by
-  @yongruilin in
-  [#21908](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21908)
-- fix(plan): prevent plan truncation in approval dialog by supporting
-  unconstrained heights by @Adib234 in
-  [#21037](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21037)
-- feat(a2a): switch from callback-based to event-driven tool scheduler by
-  @cocosheng-g in
-  [#21467](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21467)
-- feat(voice): implement speech-friendly response formatter by @ayush31010 in
-  [#20989](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20989)
-- feat: add pulsating blue border automation overlay to browser agent by
-  @kunal-10-cloud in
-  [#21173](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21173)
-- Add extensionRegistryURI setting to change where the registry is read from by
-  @kevinjwang1 in
-  [#20463](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20463)
-- fix: patch gaxios v7 Array.toString() stream corruption by @gsquared94 in
-  [#21884](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21884)
-- fix: prevent hangs in non-interactive mode and improve agent guidance by
-  @cocosheng-g in
-  [#20893](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20893)
-- Add ExtensionDetails dialog and support install by @chrstnb in
-  [#20845](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20845)
-- chore/release: bump version to 0.34.0-nightly.20260310.4653b126f by
-  @gemini-cli-robot in
-  [#21816](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21816)
-- Changelog for v0.33.0-preview.13 by @gemini-cli-robot in
-  [#21927](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21927)
-- fix(cli): stabilize prompt layout to prevent jumping when typing by
+  [#21921](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21921)
+- fix(core): preserve dynamic tool descriptions on session resume by @sehoon38
+  in [#18835](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18835)
+- chore: allow 'gemini-3.1' in sensitive keyword linter by @scidomino in
+  [#22065](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22065)
+- feat(core): support custom base URL via env vars by @junaiddshaukat in
+  [#21561](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21561)
+- merge duplicate imports packages/cli/src subtask2 by @Nixxx19 in
+  [#22051](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22051)
+- fix(core): silently retry API errors up to 3 times before halting session by
+  @spencer426 in
+  [#21989](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21989)
+- feat(core): simplify subagent success UI and improve early termination display
+  by @abhipatel12 in
+  [#21917](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21917)
+- merge duplicate imports packages/cli/src subtask3 by @Nixxx19 in
+  [#22056](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22056)
+- fix(hooks): fix BeforeAgent/AfterAgent inconsistencies (#18514) by @krishdef7
+  in [#21383](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21383)
+- feat(core): implement SandboxManager interface and config schema by @galz10 in
+  [#21774](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21774)
+- docs: document npm deprecation warnings as safe to ignore by @h30s in
+  [#20692](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20692)
+- fix: remove status/need-triage from maintainer-only issues by @SandyTao520 in
+  [#22044](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22044)
+- fix(core): propagate subagent context to policy engine by @NTaylorMullen in
+  [#22086](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22086)
+- fix(cli): resolve skill uninstall failure when skill name is updated by
   @NTaylorMullen in
-  [#21081](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21081)
-- fix: preserve prompt text when cancelling streaming by @Nixxx19 in
-  [#21103](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21103)
-- fix: robust UX for remote agent errors by @Shyam-Raghuwanshi in
-  [#20307](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20307)
-- feat: implement background process logging and cleanup by @galz10 in
-  [#21189](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21189)
-- Changelog for v0.33.0-preview.14 by @gemini-cli-robot in
-  [#21938](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21938)
-- fix(patch): cherry-pick 45faf4d to release/v0.34.0-preview.0-pr-22148
+  [#22085](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22085)
+- docs(plan): clarify interactive plan editing with Ctrl+X by @Adib234 in
+  [#22076](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22076)
+- fix(policy): ensure user policies are loaded when policyPaths is empty by
+  @NTaylorMullen in
+  [#22090](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22090)
+- Docs: Add documentation for model steering (experimental). by @jkcinouye in
+  [#21154](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21154)
+- Add issue for automated changelogs by @g-samroberts in
+  [#21912](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21912)
+- fix(core): secure argsPattern and revert WEB_FETCH_TOOL_NAME escalation by
+  @spencer426 in
+  [#22104](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22104)
+- feat(core): differentiate User-Agent for a2a-server and ACP clients by
+  @bdmorgan in [#22059](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22059)
+- refactor(core): extract ExecutionLifecycleService for tool backgrounding by
+  @adamfweidman in
+  [#21717](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21717)
+- feat: Display pending and confirming tool calls by @sripasg in
+  [#22106](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22106)
+- feat(browser): implement input blocker overlay during automation by
+  @kunal-10-cloud in
+  [#21132](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21132)
+- fix: register themes on extension load not start by @jackwotherspoon in
+  [#22148](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22148)
+- feat(ui): Do not show Ultra users /upgrade hint (#22154) by @sehoon38 in
+  [#22156](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22156)
+- chore: remove unnecessary log for themes by @jackwotherspoon in
+  [#22165](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22165)
+- fix(core): resolve MCP tool FQN validation, schema export, and wildcards in
+  subagents by @abhipatel12 in
+  [#22069](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22069)
+- fix(cli): validate --model argument at startup by @JaisalJain in
+  [#21393](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21393)
+- fix(core): handle policy ALLOW for exit_plan_mode by @backnotprop in
+  [#21802](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21802)
+- feat(telemetry): add Clearcut instrumentation for AI credits billing events by
+  @gsquared94 in
+  [#22153](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22153)
+- feat(core): add google credentials provider for remote agents by @adamfweidman
+  in [#21024](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21024)
+- test(cli): add integration test for node deprecation warnings by @Nixxx19 in
+  [#20215](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20215)
+- feat(cli): allow safe tools to execute concurrently while agent is busy by
+  @spencer426 in
+  [#21988](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21988)
+- feat(core): implement model-driven parallel tool scheduler by @abhipatel12 in
+  [#21933](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21933)
+- update vulnerable deps by @scidomino in
+  [#22180](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22180)
+- fix(core): fix startup stats to use int values for timestamps and durations by
+  @yunaseoul in [#22201](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22201)
+- fix(core): prevent duplicate tool schemas for instantiated tools by
+  @abhipatel12 in
+  [#22204](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22204)
+- fix(core): add proxy routing support for remote A2A subagents by @adamfweidman
+  in [#22199](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22199)
+- fix(core/ide): add Antigravity CLI fallbacks by @apfine in
+  [#22030](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22030)
+- fix(browser): fix duplicate function declaration error in browser agent by
+  @gsquared94 in
+  [#22207](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22207)
+- feat(core): implement Stage 1 improvements for webfetch tool by @aishaneeshah
+  in [#21313](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21313)
+- Changelog for v0.34.0-preview.1 by @gemini-cli-robot in
+  [#22194](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22194)
+- perf(cli): enable code splitting and deferred UI loading by @sehoon38 in
+  [#22117](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22117)
+- fix: remove unused img.png from project root by @SandyTao520 in
+  [#22222](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22222)
+- docs(local model routing): add docs on how to use Gemma for local model
+  routing by @douglas-reid in
+  [#21365](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21365)
+- feat(a2a): enable native gRPC support and protocol routing by @alisa-alisa in
+  [#21403](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21403)
+- fix(cli): escape @ symbols on paste to prevent unintended file expansion by
+  @krishdef7 in [#21239](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21239)
+- feat(core): add trajectoryId to ConversationOffered telemetry by @yunaseoul in
+  [#22214](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22214)
+- docs: clarify that tools.core is an allowlist for ALL built-in tools by
+  @hobostay in [#18813](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18813)
+- docs(plan): document hooks with plan mode by @ruomengz in
+  [#22197](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22197)
+- Changelog for v0.33.1 by @gemini-cli-robot in
+  [#22235](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22235)
+- build(ci): fix false positive evals trigger on merge commits by @gundermanc in
+  [#22237](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22237)
+- fix(core): explicitly pass messageBus to policy engine for MCP tool saves by
+  @abhipatel12 in
+  [#22255](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22255)
+- feat(core): Fully migrate packages/core to AgentLoopContext. by @joshualitt in
+  [#22115](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22115)
+- feat(core): increase sub-agent turn and time limits by @bdmorgan in
+  [#22196](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22196)
+- feat(core): instrument file system tools for JIT context discovery by
+  @SandyTao520 in
+  [#22082](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22082)
+- refactor(ui): extract pure session browser utilities by @abhipatel12 in
+  [#22256](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22256)
+- fix(plan): Fix AskUser evals by @Adib234 in
+  [#22074](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22074)
+- fix(settings): prevent j/k navigation keys from intercepting edit buffer input
+  by @student-ankitpandit in
+  [#21865](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21865)
+- feat(skills): improve async-pr-review workflow and logging by @mattKorwel in
+  [#21790](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21790)
+- refactor(cli): consolidate getErrorMessage utility to core by @scidomino in
+  [#22190](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22190)
+- fix(core): show descriptive error messages when saving settings fails by
+  @afarber in [#18095](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18095)
+- docs(core): add authentication guide for remote subagents by @adamfweidman in
+  [#22178](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22178)
+- docs: overhaul subagents documentation and add /agents command by @abhipatel12
+  in [#22345](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22345)
+- refactor(ui): extract SessionBrowser static ui components by @abhipatel12 in
+  [#22348](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22348)
+- test: add Object.create context regression test and tool confirmation
+  integration test by @gsquared94 in
+  [#22356](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22356)
+- feat(tracker): return TodoList display for tracker tools by @anj-s in
+  [#22060](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22060)
+- feat(agent): add allowed domain restrictions for browser agent by
+  @cynthialong0-0 in
+  [#21775](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21775)
+- chore/release: bump version to 0.35.0-nightly.20260313.bb060d7a9 by
+  @gemini-cli-robot in
+  [#22251](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22251)
+- Move keychain fallback to keychain service by @chrstnb in
+  [#22332](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22332)
+- feat(core): integrate SandboxManager to sandbox all process-spawning tools by
+  @galz10 in [#22231](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22231)
+- fix(cli): support CJK input and full Unicode scalar values in terminal
+  protocols by @scidomino in
+  [#22353](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22353)
+- Promote stable tests. by @gundermanc in
+  [#22253](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22253)
+- feat(tracker): add tracker policy by @anj-s in
+  [#22379](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22379)
+- feat(security): add disableAlwaysAllow setting to disable auto-approvals by
+  @galz10 in [#21941](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21941)
+- Revert "fix(cli): validate --model argument at startup" by @sehoon38 in
+  [#22378](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22378)
+- fix(mcp): handle equivalent root resource URLs in OAuth validation by @galz10
+  in [#20231](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20231)
+- fix(core): use session-specific temp directory for task tracker by @anj-s in
+  [#22382](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22382)
+- Fix issue where config was undefined. by @gundermanc in
+  [#22397](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22397)
+- fix(core): deduplicate project memory when JIT context is enabled by
+  @SandyTao520 in
+  [#22234](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22234)
+- feat(prompts): implement Topic-Action-Summary model for verbosity reduction by
+  @Abhijit-2592 in
+  [#21503](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21503)
+- fix(core): fix manual deletion of subagent histories by @abhipatel12 in
+  [#22407](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22407)
+- Add registry var by @kevinjwang1 in
+  [#22224](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22224)
+- Add ModelDefinitions to ModelConfigService by @kevinjwang1 in
+  [#22302](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22302)
+- fix(cli): improve command conflict handling for skills by @NTaylorMullen in
+  [#21942](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21942)
+- fix(core): merge user settings with extension-provided MCP servers by
+  @abhipatel12 in
+  [#22484](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22484)
+- fix(core): skip discovery for incomplete MCP configs and resolve merge race
+  condition by @abhipatel12 in
+  [#22494](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22494)
+- fix(automation): harden stale PR closer permissions and maintainer detection
+  by @bdmorgan in
+  [#22558](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22558)
+- fix(automation): evaluate staleness before checking protected labels by
+  @bdmorgan in [#22561](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22561)
+- feat(agent): replace the runtime npx for browser agent chrome devtool mcp with
+  pre-built bundle by @cynthialong0-0 in
+  [#22213](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22213)
+- perf: optimize TrackerService dependency checks by @anj-s in
+  [#22384](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22384)
+- docs(policy): remove trailing space from commandPrefix examples by @kawasin73
+  in [#22264](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22264)
+- fix(a2a-server): resolve unsafe assignment lint errors by @ehedlund in
+  [#22661](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22661)
+- fix: Adjust ToolGroupMessage filtering to hide Confirming and show Canceled
+  tool calls. by @sripasg in
+  [#22230](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22230)
+- Disallow Object.create() and reflect. by @gundermanc in
+  [#22408](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22408)
+- Guard pro model usage by @sehoon38 in
+  [#22665](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22665)
+- refactor(core): Creates AgentSession abstraction for consolidated agent
+  interface. by @mbleigh in
+  [#22270](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22270)
+- docs(changelog): remove internal commands from release notes by
+  @jackwotherspoon in
+  [#22529](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22529)
+- feat: enable subagents by @abhipatel12 in
+  [#22386](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22386)
+- feat(extensions): implement cryptographic integrity verification for extension
+  updates by @ehedlund in
+  [#21772](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21772)
+- feat(tracker): polish UI sorting and formatting by @anj-s in
+  [#22437](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22437)
+- Changelog for v0.34.0-preview.2 by @gemini-cli-robot in
+  [#22220](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22220)
+- fix(core): fix three JIT context bugs in read_file, read_many_files, and
+  memoryDiscovery by @SandyTao520 in
+  [#22679](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22679)
+- refactor(core): introduce InjectionService with source-aware injection and
+  backend-native background completions by @adamfweidman in
+  [#22544](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22544)
+- Linux sandbox bubblewrap by @DavidAPierce in
+  [#22680](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22680)
+- feat(core): increase thought signature retry resilience by @bdmorgan in
+  [#22202](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22202)
+- feat(core): implement Stage 2 security and consistency improvements for
+  web_fetch by @aishaneeshah in
+  [#22217](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22217)
+- refactor(core): replace positional execute params with ExecuteOptions bag by
+  @adamfweidman in
+  [#22674](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22674)
+- feat(config): enable JIT context loading by default by @SandyTao520 in
+  [#22736](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22736)
+- fix(config): ensure discoveryMaxDirs is passed to global config during
+  initialization by @kevin-ramdass in
+  [#22744](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22744)
+- fix(plan): allowlist get_internal_docs in Plan Mode by @Adib234 in
+  [#22668](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22668)
+- Changelog for v0.34.0-preview.3 by @gemini-cli-robot in
+  [#22393](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22393)
+- feat(core): add foundation for subagent tool isolation by @akh64bit in
+  [#22708](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22708)
+- fix(core): handle surrogate pairs in truncateString by @sehoon38 in
+  [#22754](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22754)
+- fix(cli): override j/k navigation in settings dialog to fix search input
+  conflict by @sehoon38 in
+  [#22800](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22800)
+- feat(plan): add 'All the above' option to multi-select AskUser questions by
+  @Adib234 in [#22365](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22365)
+- docs: distribute package-specific GEMINI.md context to each package by
+  @SandyTao520 in
+  [#22734](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22734)
+- fix(cli): clean up stale pasted placeholder metadata after word/line deletions
+  by @Jomak-x in
+  [#20375](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20375)
+- refactor(core): align JIT memory placement with tiered context model by
+  @SandyTao520 in
+  [#22766](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22766)
+- Linux sandbox seccomp by @DavidAPierce in
+  [#22815](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22815)
+- fix(patch): cherry-pick 4e5dfd0 to release/v0.35.0-preview.1-pr-23074 to patch
+  version v0.35.0-preview.1 and create version 0.35.0-preview.2 by
+  @gemini-cli-robot in
+  [#23134](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23134)
+- fix(patch): cherry-pick daf3691 to release/v0.35.0-preview.2-pr-23558 to patch
+  version v0.35.0-preview.2 and create version 0.35.0-preview.3 by
+  @gemini-cli-robot in
+  [#23565](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23565)
+- fix(patch): cherry-pick b2d6dc4 to release/v0.35.0-preview.4-pr-23546
   [CONFLICTS] by @gemini-cli-robot in
-  [#22174](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22174)
-- fix(patch): cherry-pick 8432bce to release/v0.34.0-preview.1-pr-22069 to patch
-  version v0.34.0-preview.1 and create version 0.34.0-preview.2 by
-  @gemini-cli-robot in
-  [#22205](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22205)
-- fix(patch): cherry-pick 24adacd to release/v0.34.0-preview.2-pr-22332 to patch
-  version v0.34.0-preview.2 and create version 0.34.0-preview.3 by
-  @gemini-cli-robot in
-  [#22391](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22391)
-- fix(patch): cherry-pick 48130eb to release/v0.34.0-preview.3-pr-22665 to patch
-  version v0.34.0-preview.3 and create version 0.34.0-preview.4 by
-  @gemini-cli-robot in
-  [#22719](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22719)
+  [#23585](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23585)
 
 **Full Changelog**:
-https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/compare/v0.33.2...v0.34.0
+https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/compare/v0.34.0...v0.35.0

docs/changelogs/preview.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# Preview release: v0.35.0-preview.5
+# Preview release: v0.36.0-preview.3
 
-Released: March 23, 2026
+Released: March 25, 2026
 
 Our preview release includes the latest, new, and experimental features. This
 release may not be as stable as our [latest weekly release](latest.md).
@@ -13,375 +13,370 @@ npm install -g @google/gemini-cli@preview
 
 ## Highlights
 
-- **Subagents & Architecture Enhancements**: Enabled subagents and laid the
-  foundation for subagent tool isolation. Added proxy routing support for remote
-  A2A subagents and integrated `SandboxManager` to sandbox all process-spawning
-  tools.
-- **CLI & UI Improvements**: Introduced customizable keyboard shortcuts and
-  support for literal character keybindings. Added missing vim mode motions and
-  CJK input support. Enabled code splitting and deferred UI loading for improved
-  performance.
-- **Context & Tools Optimization**: JIT context loading is now enabled by
-  default with deduplication for project memory. Introduced a model-driven
-  parallel tool scheduler and allowed safe tools to execute concurrently.
-- **Security & Extensions**: Implemented cryptographic integrity verification
-  for extension updates and added a `disableAlwaysAllow` setting to prevent
-  auto-approvals for enhanced security.
-- **Plan Mode & Web Fetch Updates**: Added an 'All the above' option for
-  multi-select AskUser questions in Plan Mode. Rolled out Stage 1 and Stage 2
-  security and consistency improvements for the `web_fetch` tool.
+- **Subagent Architecture Enhancements:** Significant updates to subagents,
+  including local execution, tool isolation, multi-registry discovery, dynamic
+  tool filtering, and JIT context injection.
+- **Enhanced Security & Sandboxing:** Implemented strict macOS sandboxing using
+  Seatbelt allowlist, native Windows sandboxing, and support for
+  "Write-Protected" governance files.
+- **Agent Context & State Management:** Introduced task tracker protocol
+  integration, 'blocked' statuses for tasks/todos, and `AgentSession` for
+  improved state management and replay semantics.
+- **Browser & ACP Capabilities:** Added privacy consent for the browser agent,
+  sensitive action controls, improved API token usage metadata, and gateway auth
+  support via ACP.
+- **CLI & UX Improvements:** Implemented a refreshed Composer layout, expanded
+  terminal fallback warnings, dynamic model resolution, and Git worktree support
+  for isolated parallel sessions.
 
 ## What's Changed
 
-- fix(patch): cherry-pick b2d6dc4 to release/v0.35.0-preview.4-pr-23546
-  [CONFLICTS] by @gemini-cli-robot in
-  [#23585](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23585)
-- fix(patch): cherry-pick daf3691 to release/v0.35.0-preview.2-pr-23558 to patch
-  version v0.35.0-preview.2 and create version 0.35.0-preview.3 by
+- fix(patch): cherry-pick 055ff92 to release/v0.36.0-preview.0-pr-23672 to patch
+  version v0.36.0-preview.0 and create version 0.36.0-preview.1 by
   @gemini-cli-robot in
-  [#23565](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23565)
-- fix(patch): cherry-pick 4e5dfd0 to release/v0.35.0-preview.1-pr-23074 to patch
-  version v0.35.0-preview.1 and create version 0.35.0-preview.2 by
-  @gemini-cli-robot in
-  [#23134](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23134)
-- feat(cli): customizable keyboard shortcuts by @scidomino in
-  [#21945](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21945)
-- feat(core): Thread `AgentLoopContext` through core. by @joshualitt in
-  [#21944](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21944)
-- chore(release): bump version to 0.35.0-nightly.20260311.657f19c1f by
-  @gemini-cli-robot in
-  [#21966](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21966)
-- refactor(a2a): remove legacy CoreToolScheduler by @adamfweidman in
-  [#21955](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21955)
-- feat(ui): add missing vim mode motions (X, ~, r, f/F/t/T, df/dt and friends)
-  by @aanari in [#21932](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21932)
-- Feat/retry fetch notifications by @aishaneeshah in
-  [#21813](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21813)
-- fix(core): remove OAuth check from handleFallback and clean up stray file by
-  @sehoon38 in [#21962](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21962)
-- feat(cli): support literal character keybindings and extended Kitty protocol
-  keys by @scidomino in
-  [#21972](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21972)
-- fix(ui): clamp cursor to last char after all NORMAL mode deletes by @aanari in
-  [#21973](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21973)
-- test(core): add missing tests for prompts/utils.ts by @krrishverma1805-web in
-  [#19941](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/19941)
-- fix(cli): allow scrolling keys in copy mode (Ctrl+S selection mode) by
-  @nsalerni in [#19933](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/19933)
-- docs(cli): add custom keybinding documentation by @scidomino in
-  [#21980](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21980)
-- docs: fix misleading YOLO mode description in defaultApprovalMode by
-  @Gyanranjan-Priyam in
-  [#21878](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21878)
-- fix: clean up /clear and /resume by @jackwotherspoon in
-  [#22007](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22007)
-- fix(core)#20941: reap orphaned descendant processes on PTY abort by @manavmax
-  in [#21124](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21124)
-- fix(core): update language detection to use LSP 3.18 identifiers by @yunaseoul
-  in [#21931](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21931)
-- feat(cli): support removing keybindings via '-' prefix by @scidomino in
-  [#22042](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22042)
-- feat(policy): add --admin-policy flag for supplemental admin policies by
-  @galz10 in [#20360](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20360)
-- merge duplicate imports packages/cli/src subtask1 by @Nixxx19 in
-  [#22040](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22040)
-- perf(core): parallelize user quota and experiments fetching in refreshAuth by
-  @sehoon38 in [#21648](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21648)
-- Changelog for v0.34.0-preview.0 by @gemini-cli-robot in
-  [#21965](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21965)
-- Changelog for v0.33.0 by @gemini-cli-robot in
-  [#21967](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21967)
-- fix(core): handle EISDIR in robustRealpath on Windows by @sehoon38 in
-  [#21984](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21984)
-- feat(core): include initiationMethod in conversation interaction telemetry by
-  @yunaseoul in [#22054](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22054)
-- feat(ui): add vim yank/paste (y/p/P) with unnamed register by @aanari in
-  [#22026](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22026)
-- fix(core): enable numerical routing for api key users by @sehoon38 in
-  [#21977](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21977)
-- feat(telemetry): implement retry attempt telemetry for network related retries
-  by @aishaneeshah in
-  [#22027](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22027)
-- fix(policy): remove unnecessary escapeRegex from pattern builders by
-  @spencer426 in
-  [#21921](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21921)
-- fix(core): preserve dynamic tool descriptions on session resume by @sehoon38
-  in [#18835](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18835)
-- chore: allow 'gemini-3.1' in sensitive keyword linter by @scidomino in
-  [#22065](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22065)
-- feat(core): support custom base URL via env vars by @junaiddshaukat in
-  [#21561](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21561)
-- merge duplicate imports packages/cli/src subtask2 by @Nixxx19 in
-  [#22051](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22051)
-- fix(core): silently retry API errors up to 3 times before halting session by
-  @spencer426 in
-  [#21989](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21989)
-- feat(core): simplify subagent success UI and improve early termination display
-  by @abhipatel12 in
-  [#21917](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21917)
-- merge duplicate imports packages/cli/src subtask3 by @Nixxx19 in
-  [#22056](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22056)
-- fix(hooks): fix BeforeAgent/AfterAgent inconsistencies (#18514) by @krishdef7
-  in [#21383](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21383)
-- feat(core): implement SandboxManager interface and config schema by @galz10 in
-  [#21774](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21774)
-- docs: document npm deprecation warnings as safe to ignore by @h30s in
-  [#20692](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20692)
-- fix: remove status/need-triage from maintainer-only issues by @SandyTao520 in
-  [#22044](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22044)
-- fix(core): propagate subagent context to policy engine by @NTaylorMullen in
-  [#22086](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22086)
-- fix(cli): resolve skill uninstall failure when skill name is updated by
-  @NTaylorMullen in
-  [#22085](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22085)
-- docs(plan): clarify interactive plan editing with Ctrl+X by @Adib234 in
-  [#22076](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22076)
-- fix(policy): ensure user policies are loaded when policyPaths is empty by
-  @NTaylorMullen in
-  [#22090](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22090)
-- Docs: Add documentation for model steering (experimental). by @jkcinouye in
-  [#21154](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21154)
-- Add issue for automated changelogs by @g-samroberts in
-  [#21912](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21912)
-- fix(core): secure argsPattern and revert WEB_FETCH_TOOL_NAME escalation by
-  @spencer426 in
-  [#22104](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22104)
-- feat(core): differentiate User-Agent for a2a-server and ACP clients by
-  @bdmorgan in [#22059](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22059)
-- refactor(core): extract ExecutionLifecycleService for tool backgrounding by
-  @adamfweidman in
-  [#21717](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21717)
-- feat: Display pending and confirming tool calls by @sripasg in
-  [#22106](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22106)
-- feat(browser): implement input blocker overlay during automation by
-  @kunal-10-cloud in
-  [#21132](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21132)
-- fix: register themes on extension load not start by @jackwotherspoon in
-  [#22148](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22148)
-- feat(ui): Do not show Ultra users /upgrade hint (#22154) by @sehoon38 in
-  [#22156](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22156)
-- chore: remove unnecessary log for themes by @jackwotherspoon in
-  [#22165](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22165)
-- fix(core): resolve MCP tool FQN validation, schema export, and wildcards in
-  subagents by @abhipatel12 in
-  [#22069](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22069)
-- fix(cli): validate --model argument at startup by @JaisalJain in
-  [#21393](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21393)
-- fix(core): handle policy ALLOW for exit_plan_mode by @backnotprop in
-  [#21802](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21802)
-- feat(telemetry): add Clearcut instrumentation for AI credits billing events by
-  @gsquared94 in
-  [#22153](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22153)
-- feat(core): add google credentials provider for remote agents by @adamfweidman
-  in [#21024](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21024)
-- test(cli): add integration test for node deprecation warnings by @Nixxx19 in
-  [#20215](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20215)
-- feat(cli): allow safe tools to execute concurrently while agent is busy by
-  @spencer426 in
-  [#21988](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21988)
-- feat(core): implement model-driven parallel tool scheduler by @abhipatel12 in
-  [#21933](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21933)
-- update vulnerable deps by @scidomino in
-  [#22180](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22180)
-- fix(core): fix startup stats to use int values for timestamps and durations by
-  @yunaseoul in [#22201](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22201)
-- fix(core): prevent duplicate tool schemas for instantiated tools by
-  @abhipatel12 in
-  [#22204](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22204)
-- fix(core): add proxy routing support for remote A2A subagents by @adamfweidman
-  in [#22199](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22199)
-- fix(core/ide): add Antigravity CLI fallbacks by @apfine in
-  [#22030](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22030)
-- fix(browser): fix duplicate function declaration error in browser agent by
-  @gsquared94 in
-  [#22207](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22207)
-- feat(core): implement Stage 1 improvements for webfetch tool by @aishaneeshah
-  in [#21313](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21313)
-- Changelog for v0.34.0-preview.1 by @gemini-cli-robot in
-  [#22194](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22194)
-- perf(cli): enable code splitting and deferred UI loading by @sehoon38 in
-  [#22117](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22117)
-- fix: remove unused img.png from project root by @SandyTao520 in
-  [#22222](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22222)
-- docs(local model routing): add docs on how to use Gemma for local model
-  routing by @douglas-reid in
-  [#21365](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21365)
-- feat(a2a): enable native gRPC support and protocol routing by @alisa-alisa in
-  [#21403](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21403)
-- fix(cli): escape @ symbols on paste to prevent unintended file expansion by
-  @krishdef7 in [#21239](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21239)
-- feat(core): add trajectoryId to ConversationOffered telemetry by @yunaseoul in
-  [#22214](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22214)
-- docs: clarify that tools.core is an allowlist for ALL built-in tools by
-  @hobostay in [#18813](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18813)
-- docs(plan): document hooks with plan mode by @ruomengz in
-  [#22197](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22197)
-- Changelog for v0.33.1 by @gemini-cli-robot in
-  [#22235](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22235)
-- build(ci): fix false positive evals trigger on merge commits by @gundermanc in
-  [#22237](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22237)
-- fix(core): explicitly pass messageBus to policy engine for MCP tool saves by
-  @abhipatel12 in
-  [#22255](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22255)
-- feat(core): Fully migrate packages/core to AgentLoopContext. by @joshualitt in
-  [#22115](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22115)
-- feat(core): increase sub-agent turn and time limits by @bdmorgan in
-  [#22196](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22196)
-- feat(core): instrument file system tools for JIT context discovery by
+  [#23723](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23723)
+- Changelog for v0.33.2 by @gemini-cli-robot in
+  [#22730](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22730)
+- feat(core): multi-registry architecture and tool filtering for subagents by
+  @akh64bit in [#22712](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22712)
+- Changelog for v0.34.0-preview.4 by @gemini-cli-robot in
+  [#22752](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22752)
+- fix(devtools): use theme-aware text colors for console warnings and errors by
   @SandyTao520 in
-  [#22082](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22082)
-- refactor(ui): extract pure session browser utilities by @abhipatel12 in
-  [#22256](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22256)
-- fix(plan): Fix AskUser evals by @Adib234 in
-  [#22074](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22074)
-- fix(settings): prevent j/k navigation keys from intercepting edit buffer input
-  by @student-ankitpandit in
-  [#21865](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21865)
-- feat(skills): improve async-pr-review workflow and logging by @mattKorwel in
-  [#21790](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21790)
-- refactor(cli): consolidate getErrorMessage utility to core by @scidomino in
-  [#22190](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22190)
-- fix(core): show descriptive error messages when saving settings fails by
-  @afarber in [#18095](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18095)
-- docs(core): add authentication guide for remote subagents by @adamfweidman in
-  [#22178](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22178)
-- docs: overhaul subagents documentation and add /agents command by @abhipatel12
-  in [#22345](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22345)
-- refactor(ui): extract SessionBrowser static ui components by @abhipatel12 in
-  [#22348](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22348)
-- test: add Object.create context regression test and tool confirmation
-  integration test by @gsquared94 in
-  [#22356](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22356)
-- feat(tracker): return TodoList display for tracker tools by @anj-s in
-  [#22060](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22060)
-- feat(agent): add allowed domain restrictions for browser agent by
+  [#22181](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22181)
+- Add support for dynamic model Resolution to ModelConfigService by @kevinjwang1
+  in [#22578](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22578)
+- chore(release): bump version to 0.36.0-nightly.20260317.2f90b4653 by
+  @gemini-cli-robot in
+  [#22858](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22858)
+- fix(cli): use active sessionId in useLogger and improve resume robustness by
+  @mattKorwel in
+  [#22606](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22606)
+- fix(cli): expand tilde in policy paths from settings.json by @abhipatel12 in
+  [#22772](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22772)
+- fix(core): add actionable warnings for terminal fallbacks (#14426) by
+  @spencer426 in
+  [#22211](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22211)
+- feat(tracker): integrate task tracker protocol into core system prompt by
+  @anj-s in [#22442](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22442)
+- chore: add posttest build hooks and fix missing dependencies by @NTaylorMullen
+  in [#22865](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22865)
+- feat(a2a): add agent acknowledgment command and enhance registry discovery by
+  @alisa-alisa in
+  [#22389](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22389)
+- fix(cli): automatically add all VSCode workspace folders to Gemini context by
+  @sakshisemalti in
+  [#21380](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21380)
+- feat: add 'blocked' status to tasks and todos by @anj-s in
+  [#22735](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22735)
+- refactor(cli): remove extra newlines in ShellToolMessage.tsx by @NTaylorMullen
+  in [#22868](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22868)
+- fix(cli): lazily load settings in onModelChange to prevent stale closure data
+  loss by @KumarADITHYA123 in
+  [#20403](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20403)
+- feat(core): subagent local execution and tool isolation by @akh64bit in
+  [#22718](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22718)
+- fix(cli): resolve subagent grouping and UI state persistence by @abhipatel12
+  in [#22252](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22252)
+- refactor(ui): extract SessionBrowser search and navigation components by
+  @abhipatel12 in
+  [#22377](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22377)
+- fix: updates Docker image reference for GitHub MCP server by @jhhornn in
+  [#22938](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22938)
+- refactor(cli): group subagent trajectory deletion and use native filesystem
+  testing by @abhipatel12 in
+  [#22890](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22890)
+- refactor(cli): simplify keypress and mouse providers and update tests by
+  @scidomino in [#22853](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22853)
+- Changelog for v0.34.0 by @gemini-cli-robot in
+  [#22860](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22860)
+- test(cli): simplify createMockSettings calls by @scidomino in
+  [#22952](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22952)
+- feat(ui): format multi-line banner warnings with a bold title by @keithguerin
+  in [#22955](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22955)
+- Docs: Remove references to stale Gemini CLI file structure info by
+  @g-samroberts in
+  [#22976](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22976)
+- feat(ui): remove write todo list tool from UI tips by @aniruddhaadak80 in
+  [#22281](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22281)
+- Fix issue where subagent thoughts are appended. by @gundermanc in
+  [#22975](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22975)
+- Feat/browser privacy consent by @kunal-10-cloud in
+  [#21119](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21119)
+- fix(core): explicitly map execution context in LocalAgentExecutor by @akh64bit
+  in [#22949](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22949)
+- feat(plan): support plan mode in non-interactive mode by @ruomengz in
+  [#22670](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22670)
+- feat(core): implement strict macOS sandboxing using Seatbelt allowlist by
+  @ehedlund in [#22832](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22832)
+- docs: add additional notes by @abhipatel12 in
+  [#23008](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23008)
+- fix(cli): resolve duplicate footer on tool cancel via ESC (#21743) by
+  @ruomengz in [#21781](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21781)
+- Changelog for v0.35.0-preview.1 by @gemini-cli-robot in
+  [#23012](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23012)
+- fix(ui): fix flickering on small terminal heights by @devr0306 in
+  [#21416](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21416)
+- fix(acp): provide more meta in tool_call_update by @Mervap in
+  [#22663](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22663)
+- docs: add FAQ entry for checking Gemini CLI version by @surajsahani in
+  [#21271](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21271)
+- feat(core): resilient subagent tool rejection with contextual feedback by
+  @abhipatel12 in
+  [#22951](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22951)
+- fix(cli): correctly handle auto-update for standalone binaries by @bdmorgan in
+  [#23038](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23038)
+- feat(core): add content-utils by @adamfweidman in
+  [#22984](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22984)
+- fix: circumvent genai sdk requirement for api key when using gateway auth via
+  ACP by @sripasg in
+  [#23042](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23042)
+- fix(core): don't persist browser consent sentinel in non-interactive mode by
+  @jasonmatthewsuhari in
+  [#23073](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23073)
+- fix(core): narrow browser agent description to prevent stealing URL tasks from
+  web_fetch by @gsquared94 in
+  [#23086](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23086)
+- feat(cli): Partial threading of AgentLoopContext. by @joshualitt in
+  [#22978](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22978)
+- fix(browser-agent): enable "Allow all server tools" session policy by
   @cynthialong0-0 in
-  [#21775](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21775)
-- chore/release: bump version to 0.35.0-nightly.20260313.bb060d7a9 by
-  @gemini-cli-robot in
-  [#22251](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22251)
-- Move keychain fallback to keychain service by @chrstnb in
-  [#22332](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22332)
-- feat(core): integrate SandboxManager to sandbox all process-spawning tools by
-  @galz10 in [#22231](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22231)
-- fix(cli): support CJK input and full Unicode scalar values in terminal
-  protocols by @scidomino in
-  [#22353](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22353)
-- Promote stable tests. by @gundermanc in
-  [#22253](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22253)
-- feat(tracker): add tracker policy by @anj-s in
-  [#22379](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22379)
-- feat(security): add disableAlwaysAllow setting to disable auto-approvals by
-  @galz10 in [#21941](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21941)
-- Revert "fix(cli): validate --model argument at startup" by @sehoon38 in
-  [#22378](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22378)
-- fix(mcp): handle equivalent root resource URLs in OAuth validation by @galz10
-  in [#20231](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20231)
-- fix(core): use session-specific temp directory for task tracker by @anj-s in
-  [#22382](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22382)
-- Fix issue where config was undefined. by @gundermanc in
-  [#22397](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22397)
-- fix(core): deduplicate project memory when JIT context is enabled by
+  [#22343](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22343)
+- refactor(cli): integrate real config loading into async test utils by
+  @scidomino in [#23040](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23040)
+- feat(core): inject memory and JIT context into subagents by @abhipatel12 in
+  [#23032](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23032)
+- Fix logging and virtual list. by @jacob314 in
+  [#23080](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23080)
+- feat(core): cap JIT context upward traversal at git root by @SandyTao520 in
+  [#23074](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23074)
+- Docs: Minor style updates from initial docs audit. by @g-samroberts in
+  [#22872](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22872)
+- feat(core): add experimental memory manager agent to replace save_memory tool
+  by @SandyTao520 in
+  [#22726](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22726)
+- Changelog for v0.35.0-preview.2 by @gemini-cli-robot in
+  [#23142](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23142)
+- Update website issue template for label and title by @g-samroberts in
+  [#23036](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23036)
+- fix: upgrade ACP SDK from 0.12 to 0.16.1 by @sripasg in
+  [#23132](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23132)
+- Update callouts to work on github. by @g-samroberts in
+  [#22245](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22245)
+- feat: ACP: Add token usage metadata to the `send` method's return value by
+  @sripasg in [#23148](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23148)
+- fix(plan): clarify that plan mode policies are combined with normal mode by
+  @ruomengz in [#23158](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23158)
+- Add ModelChain support to ModelConfigService and make ModelDialog dynamic by
+  @kevinjwang1 in
+  [#22914](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22914)
+- Ensure that copied extensions are writable in the user's local directory by
+  @kevinjwang1 in
+  [#23016](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23016)
+- feat(core): implement native Windows sandboxing by @mattKorwel in
+  [#21807](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21807)
+- feat(core): add support for admin-forced MCP server installations by
+  @gsquared94 in
+  [#23163](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23163)
+- chore(lint): ignore .gemini directory and recursive node_modules by
+  @mattKorwel in
+  [#23211](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23211)
+- feat(cli): conditionally exclude ask_user tool in ACP mode by @nmcnamara-eng
+  in [#23045](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23045)
+- feat(core): introduce AgentSession and rename stream events to agent events by
+  @mbleigh in [#23159](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23159)
+- feat(worktree): add Git worktree support for isolated parallel sessions by
+  @jerop in [#22973](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22973)
+- Add support for linking in the extension registry by @kevinjwang1 in
+  [#23153](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23153)
+- feat(extensions): add --skip-settings flag to install command by @Ratish1 in
+  [#17212](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17212)
+- feat(telemetry): track if session is running in a Git worktree by @jerop in
+  [#23265](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23265)
+- refactor(core): use absolute paths in GEMINI.md context markers by
   @SandyTao520 in
-  [#22234](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22234)
-- feat(prompts): implement Topic-Action-Summary model for verbosity reduction by
-  @Abhijit-2592 in
-  [#21503](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21503)
-- fix(core): fix manual deletion of subagent histories by @abhipatel12 in
-  [#22407](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22407)
-- Add registry var by @kevinjwang1 in
-  [#22224](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22224)
-- Add ModelDefinitions to ModelConfigService by @kevinjwang1 in
-  [#22302](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22302)
-- fix(cli): improve command conflict handling for skills by @NTaylorMullen in
-  [#21942](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21942)
-- fix(core): merge user settings with extension-provided MCP servers by
+  [#23135](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23135)
+- fix(core): add sanitization to sub agent thoughts and centralize utilities by
+  @devr0306 in [#22828](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22828)
+- feat(core): refine User-Agent for VS Code traffic (unified format) by
+  @sehoon38 in [#23256](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23256)
+- Fix schema for ModelChains by @kevinjwang1 in
+  [#23284](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23284)
+- test(cli): refactor tests for async render utilities by @scidomino in
+  [#23252](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23252)
+- feat(core): add security prompt for browser agent by @cynthialong0-0 in
+  [#23241](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23241)
+- refactor(ide): replace dynamic undici import with static fetch import by
+  @cocosheng-g in
+  [#23268](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23268)
+- test(cli): address unresolved feedback from PR #23252 by @scidomino in
+  [#23303](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23303)
+- feat(browser): add sensitive action controls and read-only noise reduction by
+  @cynthialong0-0 in
+  [#22867](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22867)
+- Disabling failing test while investigating by @alisa-alisa in
+  [#23311](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23311)
+- fix broken extension link in hooks guide by @Indrapal-70 in
+  [#21728](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21728)
+- fix(core): fix agent description indentation by @abhipatel12 in
+  [#23315](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23315)
+- Wrap the text under TOML rule for easier readability in policy-engine.md… by
+  @CogitationOps in
+  [#23076](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23076)
+- fix(extensions): revert broken extension removal behavior by @ehedlund in
+  [#23317](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23317)
+- feat(core): set up onboarding telemetry by @yunaseoul in
+  [#23118](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23118)
+- Retry evals on API error. by @gundermanc in
+  [#23322](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23322)
+- fix(evals): remove tool restrictions and add compile-time guards by
+  @SandyTao520 in
+  [#23312](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23312)
+- fix(hooks): support 'ask' decision for BeforeTool hooks by @gundermanc in
+  [#21146](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21146)
+- feat(browser): add warning message for session mode 'existing' by
+  @cynthialong0-0 in
+  [#23288](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23288)
+- chore(lint): enforce zero warnings and cleanup syntax restrictions by
+  @alisa-alisa in
+  [#22902](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22902)
+- fix(cli): add Esc instruction to HooksDialog footer by @abhipatel12 in
+  [#23258](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23258)
+- Disallow and suppress misused spread operator. by @gundermanc in
+  [#23294](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23294)
+- fix(core): refine CliHelpAgent description for better delegation by
   @abhipatel12 in
-  [#22484](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22484)
-- fix(core): skip discovery for incomplete MCP configs and resolve merge race
-  condition by @abhipatel12 in
-  [#22494](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22494)
-- fix(automation): harden stale PR closer permissions and maintainer detection
-  by @bdmorgan in
-  [#22558](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22558)
-- fix(automation): evaluate staleness before checking protected labels by
-  @bdmorgan in [#22561](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22561)
-- feat(agent): replace the runtime npx for browser agent chrome devtool mcp with
-  pre-built bundle by @cynthialong0-0 in
-  [#22213](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22213)
-- perf: optimize TrackerService dependency checks by @anj-s in
-  [#22384](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22384)
-- docs(policy): remove trailing space from commandPrefix examples by @kawasin73
-  in [#22264](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22264)
-- fix(a2a-server): resolve unsafe assignment lint errors by @ehedlund in
-  [#22661](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22661)
-- fix: Adjust ToolGroupMessage filtering to hide Confirming and show Canceled
-  tool calls. by @sripasg in
-  [#22230](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22230)
-- Disallow Object.create() and reflect. by @gundermanc in
-  [#22408](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22408)
-- Guard pro model usage by @sehoon38 in
-  [#22665](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22665)
-- refactor(core): Creates AgentSession abstraction for consolidated agent
-  interface. by @mbleigh in
-  [#22270](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22270)
-- docs(changelog): remove internal commands from release notes by
+  [#23310](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23310)
+- fix(core): enable global session and persistent approval for web_fetch by
+  @NTaylorMullen in
+  [#23295](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23295)
+- fix(plan): add state transition override to prevent plan mode freeze by
+  @Adib234 in [#23020](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23020)
+- fix(cli): record skill activation tool calls in chat history by @NTaylorMullen
+  in [#23203](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23203)
+- fix(core): ensure subagent tool updates apply configuration overrides
+  immediately by @abhipatel12 in
+  [#23161](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23161)
+- fix(cli): resolve flicker at boundaries of list in BaseSelectionList by
   @jackwotherspoon in
-  [#22529](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22529)
-- feat: enable subagents by @abhipatel12 in
-  [#22386](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22386)
-- feat(extensions): implement cryptographic integrity verification for extension
-  updates by @ehedlund in
-  [#21772](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21772)
-- feat(tracker): polish UI sorting and formatting by @anj-s in
-  [#22437](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22437)
-- Changelog for v0.34.0-preview.2 by @gemini-cli-robot in
-  [#22220](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22220)
-- fix(core): fix three JIT context bugs in read_file, read_many_files, and
-  memoryDiscovery by @SandyTao520 in
-  [#22679](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22679)
-- refactor(core): introduce InjectionService with source-aware injection and
-  backend-native background completions by @adamfweidman in
-  [#22544](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22544)
-- Linux sandbox bubblewrap by @DavidAPierce in
-  [#22680](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22680)
-- feat(core): increase thought signature retry resilience by @bdmorgan in
-  [#22202](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22202)
-- feat(core): implement Stage 2 security and consistency improvements for
-  web_fetch by @aishaneeshah in
-  [#22217](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22217)
-- refactor(core): replace positional execute params with ExecuteOptions bag by
+  [#23298](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23298)
+- test(cli): force generic terminal in tests to fix snapshot failures by
+  @abhipatel12 in
+  [#23499](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23499)
+- Evals: PR Guidance adding workflow by @alisa-alisa in
+  [#23164](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23164)
+- feat(core): refactor SandboxManager to a stateless architecture and introduce
+  explicit Deny interface by @ehedlund in
+  [#23141](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23141)
+- feat(core): add event-translator and update agent types by @adamfweidman in
+  [#22985](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22985)
+- perf(cli): parallelize and background startup cleanup tasks by @sehoon38 in
+  [#23545](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23545)
+- fix: "allow always" for commands with paths by @scidomino in
+  [#23558](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23558)
+- fix(cli): prevent terminal escape sequences from leaking on exit by
+  @mattKorwel in
+  [#22682](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22682)
+- feat(cli): implement full "GEMINI CLI" logo for logged-out state by
+  @keithguerin in
+  [#22412](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22412)
+- fix(plan): reserve minimum height for selection list in AskUserDialog by
+  @ruomengz in [#23280](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23280)
+- fix(core): harden AgentSession replay semantics by @adamfweidman in
+  [#23548](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23548)
+- test(core): migrate hook tests to scheduler by @abhipatel12 in
+  [#23496](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23496)
+- chore(config): disable agents by default by @abhipatel12 in
+  [#23546](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23546)
+- fix(ui): make tool confirmations take up entire terminal height by @devr0306
+  in [#22366](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22366)
+- fix(core): prevent redundant remote agent loading on model switch by
   @adamfweidman in
-  [#22674](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22674)
-- feat(config): enable JIT context loading by default by @SandyTao520 in
-  [#22736](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22736)
-- fix(config): ensure discoveryMaxDirs is passed to global config during
-  initialization by @kevin-ramdass in
-  [#22744](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22744)
-- fix(plan): allowlist get_internal_docs in Plan Mode by @Adib234 in
-  [#22668](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22668)
-- Changelog for v0.34.0-preview.3 by @gemini-cli-robot in
-  [#22393](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22393)
-- feat(core): add foundation for subagent tool isolation by @akh64bit in
-  [#22708](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22708)
-- fix(core): handle surrogate pairs in truncateString by @sehoon38 in
-  [#22754](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22754)
-- fix(cli): override j/k navigation in settings dialog to fix search input
-  conflict by @sehoon38 in
-  [#22800](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22800)
-- feat(plan): add 'All the above' option to multi-select AskUser questions by
-  @Adib234 in [#22365](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22365)
-- docs: distribute package-specific GEMINI.md context to each package by
+  [#23576](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23576)
+- refactor(core): update production type imports from coreToolScheduler by
+  @abhipatel12 in
+  [#23498](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23498)
+- feat(cli): always prefix extension skills with colon separator by
+  @NTaylorMullen in
+  [#23566](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23566)
+- fix(core): properly support allowRedirect in policy engine by @scidomino in
+  [#23579](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23579)
+- fix(cli): prevent subcommand shadowing and skip auth for commands by
+  @mattKorwel in
+  [#23177](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23177)
+- fix(test): move flaky tests to non-blocking suite by @mattKorwel in
+  [#23259](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23259)
+- Changelog for v0.35.0-preview.3 by @gemini-cli-robot in
+  [#23574](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23574)
+- feat(skills): add behavioral-evals skill with fixing and promoting guides by
+  @abhipatel12 in
+  [#23349](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23349)
+- refactor(core): delete obsolete coreToolScheduler by @abhipatel12 in
+  [#23502](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23502)
+- Changelog for v0.35.0-preview.4 by @gemini-cli-robot in
+  [#23581](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23581)
+- feat(core): add LegacyAgentSession by @adamfweidman in
+  [#22986](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22986)
+- feat(test-utils): add TestMcpServerBuilder and support in TestRig by
+  @abhipatel12 in
+  [#23491](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23491)
+- fix(core)!: Force policy config to specify toolName by @kschaab in
+  [#23330](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23330)
+- eval(save_memory): add multi-turn interactive evals for memoryManager by
   @SandyTao520 in
-  [#22734](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22734)
-- fix(cli): clean up stale pasted placeholder metadata after word/line deletions
-  by @Jomak-x in
-  [#20375](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20375)
-- refactor(core): align JIT memory placement with tiered context model by
-  @SandyTao520 in
-  [#22766](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22766)
-- Linux sandbox seccomp by @DavidAPierce in
-  [#22815](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22815)
+  [#23572](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23572)
+- fix(telemetry): patch memory leak and enforce logPrompts privacy by
+  @spencer426 in
+  [#23281](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23281)
+- perf(cli): background IDE client to speed up initialization by @sehoon38 in
+  [#23603](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23603)
+- fix(cli): prevent Ctrl+D exit when input buffer is not empty by @wtanaka in
+  [#23306](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23306)
+- fix: ACP: separate conversational text from execute tool command title by
+  @sripasg in [#23179](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23179)
+- feat(evals): add behavioral evaluations for subagent routing by @Samee24 in
+  [#23272](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23272)
+- refactor(cli,core): foundational layout, identity management, and type safety
+  by @jwhelangoog in
+  [#23286](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23286)
+- fix(core): accurately reflect subagent tool failure in UI by @abhipatel12 in
+  [#23187](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23187)
+- Changelog for v0.35.0-preview.5 by @gemini-cli-robot in
+  [#23606](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23606)
+- feat(ui): implement refreshed UX for Composer layout by @jwhelangoog in
+  [#21212](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21212)
+- fix: API key input dialog user interaction when selected Gemini API Key by
+  @kartikangiras in
+  [#21057](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21057)
+- docs: update `/mcp refresh` to `/mcp reload` by @adamfweidman in
+  [#23631](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23631)
+- Implementation of sandbox "Write-Protected" Governance Files by @DavidAPierce
+  in [#23139](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23139)
+- feat(sandbox): dynamic macOS sandbox expansion and worktree support by @galz10
+  in [#23301](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23301)
+- fix(acp): Pass the cwd to `AcpFileSystemService` to avoid looping failures in
+  asking for perms to write plan md file by @sripasg in
+  [#23612](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23612)
+- fix(plan): sandbox path resolution in Plan Mode to prevent hallucinations by
+  @Adib234 in [#22737](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/22737)
+- feat(ui): allow immediate user input during startup by @sehoon38 in
+  [#23661](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23661)
+- refactor(sandbox): reorganize Windows sandbox files by @galz10 in
+  [#23645](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23645)
+- fix(core): improve remote agent streaming UI and UX by @adamfweidman in
+  [#23633](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23633)
+- perf(cli): optimize --version startup time by @sehoon38 in
+  [#23671](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23671)
+- refactor(core): stop gemini CLI from producing unsafe casts by @gundermanc in
+  [#23611](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23611)
+- use enableAutoUpdate in test rig by @scidomino in
+  [#23681](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23681)
+- feat(core): change user-facing auth type from oauth2 to oauth by @adamfweidman
+  in [#23639](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23639)
+- chore(deps): fix npm audit vulnerabilities by @scidomino in
+  [#23679](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23679)
+- test(evals): fix overlapping act() deadlock in app-test-helper by @Adib234 in
+  [#23666](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/23666)
 
 **Full Changelog**:
-https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/compare/v0.34.0-preview.4...v0.35.0-preview.5
+https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/compare/v0.35.0-preview.5...v0.36.0-preview.3

docs/cli/sandbox.md

@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ To set up runsc:
 2.  Configure the Docker daemon to use the runsc runtime.
 3.  Verify the installation.
 
-### 4. LXC/LXD (Linux only, experimental)
+### 5. LXC/LXD (Linux only, experimental)
 
 Full-system container sandboxing using LXC/LXD. Unlike Docker/Podman, LXC
 containers run a complete Linux system with `systemd`, `snapd`, and other system

docs/cli/settings.md

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ they appear in the UI.
 | Default Approval Mode   | `general.defaultApprovalMode`      | The default approval mode for tool execution. 'default' prompts for approval, 'auto_edit' auto-approves edit tools, and 'plan' is read-only mode. YOLO mode (auto-approve all actions) can only be enabled via command line (--yolo or --approval-mode=yolo). | `"default"` |
 | Enable Auto Update      | `general.enableAutoUpdate`         | Enable automatic updates.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | `true`      |
 | Enable Notifications    | `general.enableNotifications`      | Enable run-event notifications for action-required prompts and session completion. Currently macOS only.                                                                                                                                                      | `false`     |
-| Plan Directory          | `general.plan.directory`           | The directory where planning artifacts are stored. If not specified, defaults to the system temporary directory.                                                                                                                                              | `undefined` |
+| Plan Directory          | `general.plan.directory`           | The directory where planning artifacts are stored. If not specified, defaults to the system temporary directory. A custom directory requires a policy to allow write access in Plan Mode.                                                                     | `undefined` |
 | Plan Model Routing      | `general.plan.modelRouting`        | Automatically switch between Pro and Flash models based on Plan Mode status. Uses Pro for the planning phase and Flash for the implementation phase.                                                                                                          | `true`      |
 | Retry Fetch Errors      | `general.retryFetchErrors`         | Retry on "exception TypeError: fetch failed sending request" errors.                                                                                                                                                                                          | `true`      |
 | Max Chat Model Attempts | `general.maxAttempts`              | Maximum number of attempts for requests to the main chat model. Cannot exceed 10.                                                                                                                                                                             | `10`        |

docs/core/remote-agents.md

@@ -51,12 +51,13 @@ You can place them in:
 
 ### Configuration schema
 
-| Field            | Type   | Required | Description                                                                                                    |
-| :--------------- | :----- | :------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| `kind`           | string | Yes      | Must be `remote`.                                                                                              |
-| `name`           | string | Yes      | A unique name for the agent. Must be a valid slug (lowercase letters, numbers, hyphens, and underscores only). |
-| `agent_card_url` | string | Yes      | The URL to the agent's A2A card endpoint.                                                                      |
-| `auth`           | object | No       | Authentication configuration. See [Authentication](#authentication).                                           |
+| Field             | Type   | Required | Description                                                                                                    |
+| :---------------- | :----- | :------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `kind`            | string | Yes      | Must be `remote`.                                                                                              |
+| `name`            | string | Yes      | A unique name for the agent. Must be a valid slug (lowercase letters, numbers, hyphens, and underscores only). |
+| `agent_card_url`  | string | Yes\*    | The URL to the agent's A2A card endpoint. Required if `agent_card_json` is not provided.                       |
+| `agent_card_json` | string | Yes\*    | The inline JSON string of the agent's A2A card. Required if `agent_card_url` is not provided.                  |
+| `auth`            | object | No       | Authentication configuration. See [Authentication](#authentication).                                           |
 
 ### Single-subagent example
 
@@ -88,6 +89,95 @@ Markdown file.
 > [!NOTE] Mixed local and remote agents, or multiple local agents, are not
 > supported in a single file; the list format is currently remote-only.
 
+### Inline Agent Card JSON
+
+<details>
+<summary>View formatting options for JSON strings</summary>
+
+If you don't have an endpoint serving the agent card, you can provide the A2A
+card directly as a JSON string using `agent_card_json`.
+
+When providing a JSON string in YAML, you must properly format it as a string
+scalar. You can use single quotes, a block scalar, or double quotes (which
+require escaping internal double quotes).
+
+#### Using single quotes
+
+Single quotes allow you to embed unescaped double quotes inside the JSON string.
+This format is useful for shorter, single-line JSON strings.
+
+```markdown
+---
+kind: remote
+name: single-quotes-agent
+agent_card_json:
+  '{ "protocolVersion": "0.3.0", "name": "Example Agent", "version": "1.0.0",
+  "url": "dummy-url" }'
+---
+```
+
+#### Using a block scalar
+
+The literal block scalar (`|`) preserves line breaks and is highly recommended
+for multiline JSON strings as it avoids quote escaping entirely. The following
+is a complete, valid Agent Card configuration using dummy values.
+
+```markdown
+---
+kind: remote
+name: block-scalar-agent
+agent_card_json: |
+  {
+    "protocolVersion": "0.3.0",
+    "name": "Example Agent Name",
+    "description": "An example agent description for documentation purposes.",
+    "version": "1.0.0",
+    "url": "dummy-url",
+    "preferredTransport": "HTTP+JSON",
+    "capabilities": {
+      "streaming": true,
+      "extendedAgentCard": false
+    },
+    "defaultInputModes": [
+      "text/plain"
+    ],
+    "defaultOutputModes": [
+      "application/json"
+    ],
+    "skills": [
+      {
+        "id": "ExampleSkill",
+        "name": "Example Skill Assistant",
+        "description": "A description of what this example skill does.",
+        "tags": [
+          "example-tag"
+        ],
+        "examples": [
+          "Show me an example."
+        ]
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+---
+```
+
+#### Using double quotes
+
+Double quotes are also supported, but any internal double quotes in your JSON
+must be escaped with a backslash.
+
+```markdown
+---
+kind: remote
+name: double-quotes-agent
+agent_card_json:
+  '{ "protocolVersion": "0.3.0", "name": "Example Agent", "version": "1.0.0",
+  "url": "dummy-url" }'
+---
+```
+
+</details>
+
 ## Authentication
 
 Many remote agents require authentication. Gemini CLI supports several

docs/get-started/index.md

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Once Gemini CLI is installed, run Gemini CLI from your command line:
 gemini
 ```
 
-For more installation options, see [Gemini CLI Installation](./installation.md).
+For more installation options, see [Gemini CLI Installation](./installation/).
 
 ## Authenticate
 

docs/get-started/installation.mdoc

@@ -23,34 +23,33 @@ installation methods, and release types.
 We recommend most users install Gemini CLI using one of the following
 installation methods:
 
-- npm
-- Homebrew
-- MacPorts
-- Anaconda
-
-Note that Gemini CLI comes pre-installed on
-[**Cloud Shell**](https://docs.cloud.google.com/shell/docs) and
-[**Cloud Workstations**](https://cloud.google.com/workstations).
-
-### Install globally with npm
+{% tabs %}
+{% tabitem label="npm" %}
+Install globally with npm:
 
 ```bash
 npm install -g @google/gemini-cli
 ```
+{% /tabitem %}
 
-### Install globally with Homebrew (macOS/Linux)
+{% tabitem label="Homebrew" %}
+Install globally with Homebrew (macOS/Linux):
 
 ```bash
 brew install gemini-cli
 ```
+{% /tabitem %}
 
-### Install globally with MacPorts (macOS)
+{% tabitem label="MacPorts" %}
+Install globally with MacPorts (macOS):
 
 ```bash
 sudo port install gemini-cli
 ```
+{% /tabitem %}
 
-### Install with Anaconda (for restricted environments)
+{% tabitem label="Anaconda" %}
+Install with Anaconda (for restricted environments):
 
 ```bash
 # Create and activate a new environment
@@ -60,6 +59,12 @@ conda activate gemini_env
 # Install Gemini CLI globally via npm (inside the environment)
 npm install -g @google/gemini-cli
 ```
+{% /tabitem %}
+{% /tabs %}
+
+Note that Gemini CLI comes pre-installed on
+[**Cloud Shell**](https://docs.cloud.google.com/shell/docs) and
+[**Cloud Workstations**](https://cloud.google.com/workstations).
 
 ## Run Gemini CLI
 
@@ -102,7 +107,7 @@ the default way that the CLI executes tools that might have side effects.
   to run the CLI.
   ```bash
   # Run the published sandbox image
-  docker run --rm -it us-docker.pkg.dev/gemini-code-dev/gemini-cli/sandbox:0.1.1
+  docker run --rm -it us-docker.pkg.dev/gemini-code-dev/gemini-cli/sandbox:latest
   ```
 - **Using the `--sandbox` flag:** If you have Gemini CLI installed locally
   (using the standard installation described above), you can instruct it to run

docs/get-started/installation.mdx

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+# Gemini CLI installation, execution, and releases
+
+This document provides an overview of Gemini CLI's system requirements,
+installation methods, and release types.
+
+## Recommended system specifications
+
+- **Operating System:**
+  - macOS 15+
+  - Windows 11 24H2+
+  - Ubuntu 20.04+
+- **Hardware:**
+  - "Casual" usage: 4GB+ RAM (short sessions, common tasks and edits)
+  - "Power" usage: 16GB+ RAM (long sessions, large codebases, deep context)
+- **Runtime:** Node.js 20.0.0+
+- **Shell:** Bash, Zsh, or PowerShell
+- **Location:**
+  [Gemini Code Assist supported locations](https://developers.google.com/gemini-code-assist/resources/available-locations#americas)
+- **Internet connection required**
+
+## Install Gemini CLI
+
+We recommend most users install Gemini CLI using one of the following
+installation methods:
+
+<Tabs>
+  <TabItem label="npm">
+  Install globally with npm:
+
+  ```bash
+  npm install -g @google/gemini-cli
+  ```
+  </TabItem>
+  <TabItem label="Homebrew">
+  Install globally with Homebrew (macOS/Linux):
+
+  ```bash
+  brew install gemini-cli
+  ```
+  </TabItem>
+</Tabs>
+
+Note that Gemini CLI comes pre-installed on
+[**Cloud Shell**](https://docs.cloud.google.com/shell/docs) and
+[**Cloud Workstations**](https://cloud.google.com/workstations).
+
+## Run Gemini CLI
+
+For most users, we recommend running Gemini CLI with the `gemini` command:
+
+```bash
+gemini
+```
+
+For a list of options and additional commands, see the
+[CLI cheatsheet](../cli/cli-reference.md).
+
+You can also run Gemini CLI using one of the following advanced methods:
+
+- Run instantly with npx. You can run Gemini CLI without permanent installation.
+- In a sandbox. This method offers increased security and isolation.
+- From the source. This is recommended for contributors to the project.
+
+### Run instantly with npx
+
+```bash
+# Using npx (no installation required)
+npx @google/gemini-cli
+```
+
+You can also execute the CLI directly from the main branch on GitHub, which is
+helpful for testing features still in development:
+
+```bash
+npx https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli
+```
+
+### Run in a sandbox (Docker/Podman)
+
+For security and isolation, Gemini CLI can be run inside a container. This is
+the default way that the CLI executes tools that might have side effects.
+
+- **Directly from the registry:** You can run the published sandbox image
+  directly. This is useful for environments where you only have Docker and want
+  to run the CLI.
+  ```bash
+  # Run the published sandbox image
+  docker run --rm -it us-docker.pkg.dev/gemini-code-dev/gemini-cli/sandbox:latest
+  ```
+- **Using the `--sandbox` flag:** If you have Gemini CLI installed locally
+  (using the standard installation described above), you can instruct it to run
+  inside the sandbox container.
+  ```bash
+  gemini --sandbox -y -p "your prompt here"
+  ```
+
+### Run from source (recommended for Gemini CLI contributors)
+
+Contributors to the project will want to run the CLI directly from the source
+code.
+
+- **Development mode:** This method provides hot-reloading and is useful for
+  active development.
+  ```bash
+  # From the root of the repository
+  npm run start
+  ```
+- **Production-like mode (linked package):** This method simulates a global
+  installation by linking your local package. It's useful for testing a local
+  build in a production workflow.
+
+  ```bash
+  # Link the local cli package to your global node_modules
+  npm link packages/cli
+
+  # Now you can run your local version using the `gemini` command
+  gemini
+  ```
+
+## Releases
+
+Gemini CLI has three release channels: nightly, preview, and stable. For most
+users, we recommend the stable release, which is the default installation.
+
+### Stable
+
+New stable releases are published each week. The stable release is the promotion
+of last week's `preview` release along with any bug fixes. The stable release
+uses `latest` tag, but omitting the tag also installs the latest stable release
+by default:
+
+```bash
+# Both commands install the latest stable release.
+npm install -g @google/gemini-cli
+npm install -g @google/gemini-cli@latest
+```
+
+### Preview
+
+New preview releases will be published each week. These releases are not fully
+vetted and may contain regressions or other outstanding issues. Try out the
+preview release by using the `preview` tag:
+
+```bash
+npm install -g @google/gemini-cli@preview
+```
+
+### Nightly
+
+Nightly releases are published every day. The nightly release includes all
+changes from the main branch at time of release. It should be assumed there are
+pending validations and issues. You can help test the latest changes by
+installing with the `nightly` tag:
+
+```bash
+npm install -g @google/gemini-cli@nightly
+```

docs/index.md

@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ npm install -g @google/gemini-cli
 Jump in to Gemini CLI.
 
 - **[Quickstart](./get-started/index.md):** Your first session with Gemini CLI.
-- **[Installation](./get-started/installation.md):** How to install Gemini CLI
-  on your system.
+- **[Installation](./get-started/installation/):** How to install Gemini CLI on
+  your system.
 - **[Authentication](./get-started/authentication.md):** Setup instructions for
   personal and enterprise accounts.
 - **[Examples](./get-started/examples.md):** Practical examples of Gemini CLI in

docs/reference/configuration.md

@@ -143,7 +143,8 @@ their corresponding top-level category object in your `settings.json` file.
 
 - **`general.plan.directory`** (string):
   - **Description:** The directory where planning artifacts are stored. If not
-    specified, defaults to the system temporary directory.
+    specified, defaults to the system temporary directory. A custom directory
+    requires a policy to allow write access in Plan Mode.
   - **Default:** `undefined`
   - **Requires restart:** Yes
 
@@ -645,6 +646,11 @@ their corresponding top-level category object in your `settings.json` file.
           "model": "gemini-3-flash-preview"
         }
       },
+      "chat-compression-3.1-flash-lite": {
+        "modelConfig": {
+          "model": "gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview"
+        }
+      },
       "chat-compression-2.5-pro": {
         "modelConfig": {
           "model": "gemini-2.5-pro"
@@ -849,6 +855,12 @@ their corresponding top-level category object in your `settings.json` file.
               "hasAccessToPreview": false
             },
             "target": "gemini-2.5-pro"
+          },
+          {
+            "condition": {
+              "useCustomTools": true
+            },
+            "target": "gemini-3.1-pro-preview-customtools"
           }
         ]
       },
@@ -973,6 +985,17 @@ their corresponding top-level category object in your `settings.json` file.
       "auto-gemini-2.5": {
         "default": "gemini-2.5-pro"
       },
+      "gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview": {
+        "default": "gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview",
+        "contexts": [
+          {
+            "condition": {
+              "useGemini3_1FlashLite": false
+            },
+            "target": "gemini-2.5-flash-lite"
+          }
+        ]
+      },
       "flash": {
         "default": "gemini-3-flash-preview",
         "contexts": [
@@ -985,7 +1008,15 @@ their corresponding top-level category object in your `settings.json` file.
         ]
       },
       "flash-lite": {
-        "default": "gemini-2.5-flash-lite"
+        "default": "gemini-2.5-flash-lite",
+        "contexts": [
+          {
+            "condition": {
+              "useGemini3_1FlashLite": true
+            },
+            "target": "gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview"
+          }
+        ]
       }
     }
     ```
@@ -2346,9 +2377,13 @@ can be based on the base sandbox image:
 ```dockerfile
 FROM gemini-cli-sandbox
 
-# Add your custom dependencies or configurations here
+# Add your custom dependencies or configurations here.
+# Note: The base image runs as the non-root 'node' user.
+# You must switch to 'root' to install system packages.
 # For example:
+# USER root
 # RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y some-package
+# USER node
 # COPY ./my-config /app/my-config
 ```
 

docs/reference/tools.md

@@ -63,29 +63,62 @@ details.
 
 ## Available tools
 
-The following table lists all available tools, categorized by their primary
-function.
+The following sections list all available tools, categorized by their primary
+function. For detailed parameter information, see the linked documentation for
+each tool.
 
-| Category    | Tool                                             | Kind          | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
-| :---------- | :----------------------------------------------- | :------------ | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
-| Execution   | [`run_shell_command`](../tools/shell.md)         | `Execute`     | Executes arbitrary shell commands. Supports interactive sessions and background processes. Requires manual confirmation.<br><br>**Parameters:** `command`, `description`, `dir_path`, `is_background`                                       |
-| File System | [`glob`](../tools/file-system.md)                | `Search`      | Finds files matching specific glob patterns across the workspace.<br><br>**Parameters:** `pattern`, `dir_path`, `case_sensitive`, `respect_git_ignore`, `respect_gemini_ignore`                                                             |
-| File System | [`grep_search`](../tools/file-system.md)         | `Search`      | Searches for a regular expression pattern within file contents. Legacy alias: `search_file_content`.<br><br>**Parameters:** `pattern`, `dir_path`, `include`, `exclude_pattern`, `names_only`, `max_matches_per_file`, `total_max_matches`  |
-| File System | [`list_directory`](../tools/file-system.md)      | `Read`        | Lists the names of files and subdirectories within a specified path.<br><br>**Parameters:** `dir_path`, `ignore`, `file_filtering_options`                                                                                                  |
-| File System | [`read_file`](../tools/file-system.md)           | `Read`        | Reads the content of a specific file. Supports text, images, audio, and PDF.<br><br>**Parameters:** `file_path`, `start_line`, `end_line`                                                                                                   |
-| File System | [`read_many_files`](../tools/file-system.md)     | `Read`        | Reads and concatenates content from multiple files. Often triggered by the `@` symbol in your prompt.<br><br>**Parameters:** `include`, `exclude`, `recursive`, `useDefaultExcludes`, `file_filtering_options`                              |
-| File System | [`replace`](../tools/file-system.md)             | `Edit`        | Performs precise text replacement within a file. Requires manual confirmation.<br><br>**Parameters:** `file_path`, `instruction`, `old_string`, `new_string`, `allow_multiple`                                                              |
-| File System | [`write_file`](../tools/file-system.md)          | `Edit`        | Creates or overwrites a file with new content. Requires manual confirmation.<br><br>**Parameters:** `file_path`, `content`                                                                                                                  |
-| Interaction | [`ask_user`](../tools/ask-user.md)               | `Communicate` | Requests clarification or missing information via an interactive dialog.<br><br>**Parameters:** `questions`                                                                                                                                 |
-| Interaction | [`write_todos`](../tools/todos.md)               | `Other`       | Maintains an internal list of subtasks. The model uses this to track its own progress and display it to you.<br><br>**Parameters:** `todos`                                                                                                 |
-| Memory      | [`activate_skill`](../tools/activate-skill.md)   | `Other`       | Loads specialized procedural expertise for specific tasks from the `.gemini/skills` directory.<br><br>**Parameters:** `name`                                                                                                                |
-| Memory      | [`get_internal_docs`](../tools/internal-docs.md) | `Think`       | Accesses Gemini CLI's own documentation to provide more accurate answers about its capabilities.<br><br>**Parameters:** `path`                                                                                                              |
-| Memory      | [`save_memory`](../tools/memory.md)              | `Think`       | Persists specific facts and project details to your `GEMINI.md` file to retain context.<br><br>**Parameters:** `fact`                                                                                                                       |
-| Planning    | [`enter_plan_mode`](../tools/planning.md)        | `Plan`        | Switches the CLI to a safe, read-only "Plan Mode" for researching complex changes.<br><br>**Parameters:** `reason`                                                                                                                          |
-| Planning    | [`exit_plan_mode`](../tools/planning.md)         | `Plan`        | Finalizes a plan, presents it for review, and requests approval to start implementation.<br><br>**Parameters:** `plan`                                                                                                                      |
-| System      | `complete_task`                                  | `Other`       | Finalizes a subagent's mission and returns the result to the parent agent. This tool is not available to the user.<br><br>**Parameters:** `result`                                                                                          |
-| Web         | [`google_web_search`](../tools/web-search.md)    | `Search`      | Performs a Google Search to find up-to-date information.<br><br>**Parameters:** `query`                                                                                                                                                     |
-| Web         | [`web_fetch`](../tools/web-fetch.md)             | `Fetch`       | Retrieves and processes content from specific URLs. **Warning:** This tool can access local and private network addresses (e.g., localhost), which may pose a security risk if used with untrusted prompts.<br><br>**Parameters:** `prompt` |
+### Execution
+
+| Tool                                     | Kind      | Description                                                                                                              |
+| :--------------------------------------- | :-------- | :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| [`run_shell_command`](../tools/shell.md) | `Execute` | Executes arbitrary shell commands. Supports interactive sessions and background processes. Requires manual confirmation. |
+
+### File System
+
+| Tool                                         | Kind     | Description                                                                                           |
+| :------------------------------------------- | :------- | :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| [`glob`](../tools/file-system.md)            | `Search` | Finds files matching specific glob patterns across the workspace.                                     |
+| [`grep_search`](../tools/file-system.md)     | `Search` | Searches for a regular expression pattern within file contents. Legacy alias: `search_file_content`.  |
+| [`list_directory`](../tools/file-system.md)  | `Read`   | Lists the names of files and subdirectories within a specified path.                                  |
+| [`read_file`](../tools/file-system.md)       | `Read`   | Reads the content of a specific file. Supports text, images, audio, and PDF.                          |
+| [`read_many_files`](../tools/file-system.md) | `Read`   | Reads and concatenates content from multiple files. Often triggered by the `@` symbol in your prompt. |
+| [`replace`](../tools/file-system.md)         | `Edit`   | Performs precise text replacement within a file. Requires manual confirmation.                        |
+| [`write_file`](../tools/file-system.md)      | `Edit`   | Creates or overwrites a file with new content. Requires manual confirmation.                          |
+
+### Interaction
+
+| Tool                               | Kind          | Description                                                                            |
+| :--------------------------------- | :------------ | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| [`ask_user`](../tools/ask-user.md) | `Communicate` | Requests clarification or missing information via an interactive dialog.               |
+| [`write_todos`](../tools/todos.md) | `Other`       | Maintains an internal list of subtasks. The model uses this to track its own progress. |
+
+### Memory
+
+| Tool                                             | Kind    | Description                                                                          |
+| :----------------------------------------------- | :------ | :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| [`activate_skill`](../tools/activate-skill.md)   | `Other` | Loads specialized procedural expertise from the `.gemini/skills` directory.          |
+| [`get_internal_docs`](../tools/internal-docs.md) | `Think` | Accesses Gemini CLI's own documentation for accurate answers about its capabilities. |
+| [`save_memory`](../tools/memory.md)              | `Think` | Persists specific facts and project details to your `GEMINI.md` file.                |
+
+### Planning
+
+| Tool                                      | Kind   | Description                                                                              |
+| :---------------------------------------- | :----- | :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| [`enter_plan_mode`](../tools/planning.md) | `Plan` | Switches the CLI to a safe, read-only "Plan Mode" for researching complex changes.       |
+| [`exit_plan_mode`](../tools/planning.md)  | `Plan` | Finalizes a plan, presents it for review, and requests approval to start implementation. |
+
+### System
+
+| Tool            | Kind    | Description                                                                                                        |
+| :-------------- | :------ | :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `complete_task` | `Other` | Finalizes a subagent's mission and returns the result to the parent agent. This tool is not available to the user. |
+
+### Web
+
+| Tool                                          | Kind     | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
+| :-------------------------------------------- | :------- | :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| [`google_web_search`](../tools/web-search.md) | `Search` | Performs a Google Search to find up-to-date information.                                                                                                                                                    |
+| [`web_fetch`](../tools/web-fetch.md)          | `Fetch`  | Retrieves and processes content from specific URLs. **Warning:** This tool can access local and private network addresses (e.g., localhost), which may pose a security risk if used with untrusted prompts. |
 
 ## Under the hood
 

integration-tests/ctrl-c-exit.test.ts

@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@
 
 import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach, afterEach } from 'vitest';
 import * as os from 'node:os';
-import { TestRig } from './test-helper.js';
+import { TestRig, skipFlaky } from './test-helper.js';
 
-describe('Ctrl+C exit', () => {
+describe.skipIf(skipFlaky)('Ctrl+C exit', () => {
   let rig: TestRig;
 
   beforeEach(() => {

integration-tests/extensions-install.test.ts

@@ -34,16 +34,20 @@ describe('extension install', () => {
     writeFileSync(testServerPath, extension);
     try {
       const result = await rig.runCommand(
-        ['extensions', 'install', `${rig.testDir!}`],
+        ['--debug', 'extensions', 'install', `${rig.testDir!}`],
         { stdin: 'y\n' },
       );
       expect(result).toContain('test-extension-install');
 
-      const listResult = await rig.runCommand(['extensions', 'list']);
+      const listResult = await rig.runCommand([
+        '--debug',
+        'extensions',
+        'list',
+      ]);
       expect(listResult).toContain('test-extension-install');
       writeFileSync(testServerPath, extensionUpdate);
       const updateResult = await rig.runCommand(
-        ['extensions', 'update', `test-extension-install`],
+        ['--debug', 'extensions', 'update', `test-extension-install`],
         { stdin: 'y\n' },
       );
       expect(updateResult).toContain('0.0.2');

integration-tests/extensions-reload.test.ts

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ describe('extension reloading', () => {
       }
 
       const result = await rig.runCommand(
-        ['extensions', 'install', `${rig.testDir!}`],
+        ['--debug', 'extensions', 'install', `${rig.testDir!}`],
         { stdin: 'y\n' },
       );
       expect(result).toContain('test-extension');

integration-tests/plan-mode.test.ts

@@ -4,10 +4,8 @@
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
  */
 
-import { writeFileSync } from 'node:fs';
-import { join } from 'node:path';
 import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach, afterEach } from 'vitest';
-import { TestRig, checkModelOutputContent, GEMINI_DIR } from './test-helper.js';
+import { TestRig, checkModelOutputContent } from './test-helper.js';
 
 describe('Plan Mode', () => {
   let rig: TestRig;
@@ -36,27 +34,23 @@ describe('Plan Mode', () => {
       },
     );
 
-    // We use a prompt that asks for both a read-only action and a write action.
-    // "List files" (read-only) followed by "touch denied.txt" (write).
     const result = await rig.run({
       approvalMode: 'plan',
-      stdin:
-        'Please list the files in the current directory, and then attempt to create a new file named "denied.txt" using a shell command.',
+      args: 'Please list the files in the current directory, and then attempt to create a new file named "denied.txt" using a shell command.',
     });
 
-    const lsCallFound = await rig.waitForToolCall('list_directory');
-    expect(lsCallFound, 'Expected list_directory to be called').toBe(true);
-
-    const shellCallFound = await rig.waitForToolCall('run_shell_command');
-    expect(shellCallFound, 'Expected run_shell_command to fail').toBe(false);
-
     const toolLogs = rig.readToolLogs();
     const lsLog = toolLogs.find((l) => l.toolRequest.name === 'list_directory');
-    expect(
-      toolLogs.find((l) => l.toolRequest.name === 'run_shell_command'),
-    ).toBeUndefined();
+    const shellLog = toolLogs.find(
+      (l) => l.toolRequest.name === 'run_shell_command',
+    );
 
+    expect(lsLog, 'Expected list_directory to be called').toBeDefined();
     expect(lsLog?.toolRequest.success).toBe(true);
+    expect(
+      shellLog,
+      'Expected run_shell_command to be blocked (not even called)',
+    ).toBeUndefined();
 
     checkModelOutputContent(result, {
       expectedContent: ['Plan Mode', 'read-only'],
@@ -84,23 +78,11 @@ describe('Plan Mode', () => {
       },
     });
 
-    // Disable the interactive terminal setup prompt in tests
-    writeFileSync(
-      join(rig.homeDir!, GEMINI_DIR, 'state.json'),
-      JSON.stringify({ terminalSetupPromptShown: true }, null, 2),
-    );
-
-    const run = await rig.runInteractive({
+    await rig.run({
       approvalMode: 'plan',
+      args: 'Create a file called plan.md in the plans directory.',
     });
 
-    await run.type('Create a file called plan.md in the plans directory.');
-    await run.type('\r');
-
-    await rig.expectToolCallSuccess(['write_file'], 30000, (args) =>
-      args.includes('plan.md'),
-    );
-
     const toolLogs = rig.readToolLogs();
     const planWrite = toolLogs.find(
       (l) =>
@@ -108,7 +90,25 @@ describe('Plan Mode', () => {
         l.toolRequest.args.includes('plans') &&
         l.toolRequest.args.includes('plan.md'),
     );
-    expect(planWrite?.toolRequest.success).toBe(true);
+
+    if (!planWrite) {
+      console.error(
+        'All tool calls found:',
+        toolLogs.map((l) => ({
+          name: l.toolRequest.name,
+          args: l.toolRequest.args,
+        })),
+      );
+    }
+
+    expect(
+      planWrite,
+      'Expected write_file to be called for plan.md',
+    ).toBeDefined();
+    expect(
+      planWrite?.toolRequest.success,
+      `Expected write_file to succeed, but it failed with error: ${planWrite?.toolRequest.error}`,
+    ).toBe(true);
   });
 
   it('should deny write_file to non-plans directory in plan mode', async () => {
@@ -131,19 +131,11 @@ describe('Plan Mode', () => {
       },
     });
 
-    // Disable the interactive terminal setup prompt in tests
-    writeFileSync(
-      join(rig.homeDir!, GEMINI_DIR, 'state.json'),
-      JSON.stringify({ terminalSetupPromptShown: true }, null, 2),
-    );
-
-    const run = await rig.runInteractive({
+    await rig.run({
       approvalMode: 'plan',
+      args: 'Create a file called hello.txt in the current directory.',
     });
 
-    await run.type('Create a file called hello.txt in the current directory.');
-    await run.type('\r');
-
     const toolLogs = rig.readToolLogs();
     const writeLog = toolLogs.find(
       (l) =>
@@ -151,10 +143,11 @@ describe('Plan Mode', () => {
         l.toolRequest.args.includes('hello.txt'),
     );
 
-    // In Plan Mode, writes outside the plans directory should be blocked.
-    // Model is undeterministic, sometimes it doesn't even try, but if it does, it must fail.
     if (writeLog) {
-      expect(writeLog.toolRequest.success).toBe(false);
+      expect(
+        writeLog.toolRequest.success,
+        'Expected write_file to non-plans dir to fail',
+      ).toBe(false);
     }
   });
 
@@ -169,28 +162,69 @@ describe('Plan Mode', () => {
       },
     });
 
-    // Disable the interactive terminal setup prompt in tests
-    writeFileSync(
-      join(rig.homeDir!, GEMINI_DIR, 'state.json'),
-      JSON.stringify({ terminalSetupPromptShown: true }, null, 2),
-    );
-
-    // Start in default mode and ask to enter plan mode.
     await rig.run({
       approvalMode: 'default',
-      stdin:
-        'I want to perform a complex refactoring. Please enter plan mode so we can design it first.',
+      args: 'I want to perform a complex refactoring. Please enter plan mode so we can design it first.',
     });
 
-    const enterPlanCallFound = await rig.waitForToolCall('enter_plan_mode');
-    expect(enterPlanCallFound, 'Expected enter_plan_mode to be called').toBe(
-      true,
-    );
-
     const toolLogs = rig.readToolLogs();
     const enterLog = toolLogs.find(
       (l) => l.toolRequest.name === 'enter_plan_mode',
     );
+    expect(enterLog, 'Expected enter_plan_mode to be called').toBeDefined();
     expect(enterLog?.toolRequest.success).toBe(true);
   });
+
+  it('should allow write_file to the plans directory in plan mode even without a session ID', async () => {
+    const plansDir = '.gemini/tmp/foo/plans';
+    const testName =
+      'should allow write_file to the plans directory in plan mode even without a session ID';
+
+    await rig.setup(testName, {
+      settings: {
+        experimental: { plan: true },
+        tools: {
+          core: ['write_file', 'read_file', 'list_directory'],
+        },
+        general: {
+          defaultApprovalMode: 'plan',
+          plan: {
+            directory: plansDir,
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    });
+
+    await rig.run({
+      approvalMode: 'plan',
+      args: 'Create a file called plan-no-session.md in the plans directory.',
+    });
+
+    const toolLogs = rig.readToolLogs();
+    const planWrite = toolLogs.find(
+      (l) =>
+        l.toolRequest.name === 'write_file' &&
+        l.toolRequest.args.includes('plans') &&
+        l.toolRequest.args.includes('plan-no-session.md'),
+    );
+
+    if (!planWrite) {
+      console.error(
+        'All tool calls found:',
+        toolLogs.map((l) => ({
+          name: l.toolRequest.name,
+          args: l.toolRequest.args,
+        })),
+      );
+    }
+
+    expect(
+      planWrite,
+      'Expected write_file to be called for plan-no-session.md',
+    ).toBeDefined();
+    expect(
+      planWrite?.toolRequest.success,
+      `Expected write_file to succeed, but it failed with error: ${planWrite?.toolRequest.error}`,
+    ).toBe(true);
+  });
 });

packages/cli/index.ts

@@ -6,19 +6,12 @@
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
  */
 
-// --- Fast Path for Version ---
-// We check for version flags at the very top to avoid loading any heavy dependencies.
-// process.env.CLI_VERSION is defined during the build process by esbuild.
-if (process.argv.includes('--version') || process.argv.includes('-v')) {
-  console.log(process.env['CLI_VERSION'] || 'unknown');
-  process.exit(0);
-}
+import { main } from './src/gemini.js';
+import { FatalError, writeToStderr } from '@google/gemini-cli-core';
+import { runExitCleanup } from './src/utils/cleanup.js';
 
 // --- Global Entry Point ---
 
-let writeToStderrFn: (message: string) => void = (msg) =>
-  process.stderr.write(msg);
-
 // Suppress known race condition error in node-pty on Windows
 // Tracking bug: https://github.com/microsoft/node-pty/issues/827
 process.on('uncaughtException', (error) => {
@@ -35,22 +28,13 @@ process.on('uncaughtException', (error) => {
   // For other errors, we rely on the default behavior, but since we attached a listener,
   // we must manually replicate it.
   if (error instanceof Error) {
-    writeToStderrFn(error.stack + '\n');
+    writeToStderr(error.stack + '\n');
   } else {
-    writeToStderrFn(String(error) + '\n');
+    writeToStderr(String(error) + '\n');
   }
   process.exit(1);
 });
 
-const [{ main }, { FatalError, writeToStderr }, { runExitCleanup }] =
-  await Promise.all([
-    import('./src/gemini.js'),
-    import('@google/gemini-cli-core'),
-    import('./src/utils/cleanup.js'),
-  ]);
-
-writeToStderrFn = writeToStderr;
-
 main().catch(async (error) => {
   // Set a timeout to force exit if cleanup hangs
   const cleanupTimeout = setTimeout(() => {

packages/cli/src/acp/acpClient.test.ts

@@ -21,13 +21,13 @@ import {
   AuthType,
   ToolConfirmationOutcome,
   StreamEventType,
-  isWithinRoot,
   ReadManyFilesTool,
   type GeminiChat,
   type Config,
   type MessageBus,
   LlmRole,
   type GitService,
+  processSingleFileContent,
 } from '@google/gemini-cli-core';
 import {
   SettingScope,
@@ -111,7 +111,6 @@ vi.mock(
         }),
       })),
       logToolCall: vi.fn(),
-      isWithinRoot: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(true),
       LlmRole: {
         MAIN: 'main',
         SUBAGENT: 'subagent',
@@ -134,6 +133,7 @@ vi.mock(
         Cancelled: 'cancelled',
         AwaitingApproval: 'awaiting_approval',
       },
+      processSingleFileContent: vi.fn(),
     };
   },
 );
@@ -177,6 +177,10 @@ describe('GeminiAgent', () => {
       getHasAccessToPreviewModel: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(false),
       getCheckpointingEnabled: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(false),
       getDisableAlwaysAllow: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(false),
+      validatePathAccess: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(null),
+      getWorkspaceContext: vi.fn().mockReturnValue({
+        addReadOnlyPath: vi.fn(),
+      }),
       get config() {
         return this;
       },
@@ -191,6 +195,7 @@ describe('GeminiAgent', () => {
     mockArgv = {} as unknown as CliArgs;
     mockConnection = {
       sessionUpdate: vi.fn(),
+      requestPermission: vi.fn(),
     } as unknown as Mocked<acp.AgentSideConnection>;
 
     (loadCliConfig as unknown as Mock).mockResolvedValue(mockConfig);
@@ -648,6 +653,7 @@ describe('Session', () => {
         shouldIgnoreFile: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(false),
       }),
       getFileFilteringOptions: vi.fn().mockReturnValue({}),
+      getFileSystemService: vi.fn().mockReturnValue({}),
       getTargetDir: vi.fn().mockReturnValue('/tmp'),
       getEnableRecursiveFileSearch: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(false),
       getDebugMode: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(false),
@@ -657,6 +663,10 @@ describe('Session', () => {
       isPlanEnabled: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(true),
       getCheckpointingEnabled: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(false),
       getGitService: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({} as GitService),
+      validatePathAccess: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(null),
+      getWorkspaceContext: vi.fn().mockReturnValue({
+        addReadOnlyPath: vi.fn(),
+      }),
       waitForMcpInit: vi.fn(),
       getDisableAlwaysAllow: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(false),
       get config() {
@@ -1356,7 +1366,6 @@ describe('Session', () => {
     (fs.stat as unknown as Mock).mockResolvedValue({
       isDirectory: () => false,
     });
-    (isWithinRoot as unknown as Mock).mockReturnValue(true);
 
     const stream = createMockStream([
       {
@@ -1414,7 +1423,6 @@ describe('Session', () => {
     (fs.stat as unknown as Mock).mockResolvedValue({
       isDirectory: () => false,
     });
-    (isWithinRoot as unknown as Mock).mockReturnValue(true);
 
     const MockReadManyFilesTool = ReadManyFilesTool as unknown as Mock;
     MockReadManyFilesTool.mockImplementationOnce(() => ({
@@ -1468,6 +1476,172 @@ describe('Session', () => {
     );
   });
 
+  it('should handle @path validation error and bubble it to user', async () => {
+    mockConfig.getTargetDir.mockReturnValue('/workspace');
+    (path.resolve as unknown as Mock).mockReturnValue('/tmp/disallowed.txt');
+    mockConfig.validatePathAccess.mockReturnValue('Path is outside workspace');
+
+    // Force fs.stat to fail to skip direct reading and triggers the warning
+    (fs.stat as unknown as Mock).mockRejectedValue(new Error('File not found'));
+
+    const stream = createMockStream([
+      {
+        type: StreamEventType.CHUNK,
+        value: { candidates: [] },
+      },
+    ]);
+    mockChat.sendMessageStream.mockResolvedValue(stream);
+
+    await session.prompt({
+      sessionId: 'session-1',
+      prompt: [
+        {
+          type: 'resource_link',
+          uri: 'file://disallowed.txt',
+          mimeType: 'text/plain',
+          name: 'disallowed.txt',
+        },
+      ],
+    });
+
+    // Verify warning sent via sendUpdate
+    expect(mockConnection.sessionUpdate).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        update: expect.objectContaining({
+          sessionUpdate: 'agent_thought_chunk',
+          content: expect.objectContaining({
+            text: expect.stringContaining(
+              'Warning: skipping access to `disallowed.txt`. Reason: Path is outside workspace',
+            ),
+          }),
+        }),
+      }),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('should read absolute file directly if outside workspace', async () => {
+    mockConfig.getTargetDir.mockReturnValue('/workspace');
+    const testFilePath = '/tmp/custom.txt';
+    (path.resolve as unknown as Mock).mockReturnValue(testFilePath);
+    mockConfig.validatePathAccess.mockReturnValue('Path is outside workspace');
+
+    mockConnection.requestPermission.mockResolvedValue({
+      outcome: {
+        outcome: 'selected',
+        optionId: ToolConfirmationOutcome.ProceedOnce,
+      },
+    } as unknown as acp.RequestPermissionResponse);
+
+    const mockStats = {
+      isFile: () => true,
+      isDirectory: () => false,
+    };
+    (fs.stat as unknown as Mock).mockResolvedValue(mockStats);
+    (processSingleFileContent as unknown as Mock).mockResolvedValue({
+      llmContent: 'Absolute File Content',
+    });
+
+    const stream = createMockStream([
+      {
+        type: StreamEventType.CHUNK,
+        value: { candidates: [] },
+      },
+    ]);
+    mockChat.sendMessageStream.mockResolvedValue(stream);
+
+    await session.prompt({
+      sessionId: 'session-1',
+      prompt: [
+        {
+          type: 'resource_link',
+          uri: `file://${testFilePath}`,
+          mimeType: 'text/plain',
+          name: 'custom.txt',
+        },
+      ],
+    });
+
+    expect(processSingleFileContent).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      testFilePath,
+      expect.anything(),
+      expect.anything(),
+    );
+
+    // Verify content appended to sendMessageStream parts
+    expect(mockChat.sendMessageStream).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.anything(),
+      expect.arrayContaining([
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          text: 'Absolute File Content',
+        }),
+      ]),
+      expect.anything(),
+      expect.any(AbortSignal),
+      expect.anything(),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('should read escaping relative file directly if outside workspace', async () => {
+    mockConfig.getTargetDir.mockReturnValue('/workspace');
+    const testFilePath = '../../custom.txt';
+    (path.resolve as unknown as Mock).mockReturnValue('/custom.txt');
+    mockConfig.validatePathAccess.mockReturnValue('Path is outside workspace');
+
+    mockConnection.requestPermission.mockResolvedValue({
+      outcome: {
+        outcome: 'selected',
+        optionId: ToolConfirmationOutcome.ProceedOnce,
+      },
+    } as unknown as acp.RequestPermissionResponse);
+
+    const mockStats = {
+      isFile: () => true,
+      isDirectory: () => false,
+    };
+    (fs.stat as unknown as Mock).mockResolvedValue(mockStats);
+    (processSingleFileContent as unknown as Mock).mockResolvedValue({
+      llmContent: 'Escaping Relative File Content',
+    });
+
+    const stream = createMockStream([
+      {
+        type: StreamEventType.CHUNK,
+        value: { candidates: [] },
+      },
+    ]);
+    mockChat.sendMessageStream.mockResolvedValue(stream);
+
+    await session.prompt({
+      sessionId: 'session-1',
+      prompt: [
+        {
+          type: 'resource_link',
+          uri: `file://${testFilePath}`,
+          mimeType: 'text/plain',
+          name: 'custom.txt',
+        },
+      ],
+    });
+
+    expect(processSingleFileContent).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      '/custom.txt',
+      expect.any(String),
+      expect.anything(),
+    );
+
+    expect(mockChat.sendMessageStream).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.anything(),
+      expect.arrayContaining([
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          text: 'Escaping Relative File Content',
+        }),
+      ]),
+      expect.anything(),
+      expect.any(AbortSignal),
+      expect.anything(),
+    );
+  });
+
   it('should handle cancellation during prompt', async () => {
     let streamController: ReadableStreamDefaultController<unknown>;
     const stream = new ReadableStream({
@@ -1666,7 +1840,6 @@ describe('Session', () => {
     (fs.stat as unknown as Mock).mockResolvedValue({
       isDirectory: () => true,
     });
-    (isWithinRoot as unknown as Mock).mockReturnValue(true);
 
     const stream = createMockStream([
       {

packages/cli/src/acp/acpClient.ts

@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ import {
   DEFAULT_GEMINI_MODEL_AUTO,
   PREVIEW_GEMINI_MODEL_AUTO,
   getDisplayString,
+  processSingleFileContent,
   type AgentLoopContext,
 } from '@google/gemini-cli-core';
 import * as acp from '@agentclientprotocol/sdk';
@@ -73,6 +74,17 @@ import { runExitCleanup } from '../utils/cleanup.js';
 import { SessionSelector } from '../utils/sessionUtils.js';
 
 import { CommandHandler } from './commandHandler.js';
+
+const RequestPermissionResponseSchema = z.object({
+  outcome: z.discriminatedUnion('outcome', [
+    z.object({ outcome: z.literal('cancelled') }),
+    z.object({
+      outcome: z.literal('selected'),
+      optionId: z.string(),
+    }),
+  ]),
+});
+
 export async function runAcpClient(
   config: Config,
   settings: LoadedSettings,
@@ -1011,10 +1023,12 @@ export class Session {
           },
         };
 
-        // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-assignment
-        const output = await this.connection.requestPermission(params);
+        const output = RequestPermissionResponseSchema.parse(
+          await this.connection.requestPermission(params),
+        );
+
         const outcome =
-          output.outcome.outcome === CoreToolCallStatus.Cancelled
+          output.outcome.outcome === 'cancelled'
             ? ToolConfirmationOutcome.Cancel
             : z
                 .nativeEnum(ToolConfirmationOutcome)
@@ -1225,6 +1239,11 @@ export class Session {
     const pathSpecsToRead: string[] = [];
     const contentLabelsForDisplay: string[] = [];
     const ignoredPaths: string[] = [];
+    const directContents: Array<{
+      spec: string;
+      content?: string;
+      part?: Part;
+    }> = [];
 
     const toolRegistry = this.context.toolRegistry;
     const readManyFilesTool = new ReadManyFilesTool(
@@ -1247,28 +1266,197 @@ export class Session {
       }
       let currentPathSpec = pathName;
       let resolvedSuccessfully = false;
+      let readDirectly = false;
       try {
         const absolutePath = path.resolve(
           this.context.config.getTargetDir(),
           pathName,
         );
-        if (isWithinRoot(absolutePath, this.context.config.getTargetDir())) {
-          const stats = await fs.stat(absolutePath);
-          if (stats.isDirectory()) {
-            currentPathSpec = pathName.endsWith('/')
-              ? `${pathName}**`
-              : `${pathName}/**`;
+
+        let validationError = this.context.config.validatePathAccess(
+          absolutePath,
+          'read',
+        );
+
+        // We ask the user for explicit permission to read them if outside sandboxed workspace boundaries (and not already authorized).
+        if (
+          validationError &&
+          !isWithinRoot(absolutePath, this.context.config.getTargetDir())
+        ) {
+          try {
+            const stats = await fs.stat(absolutePath);
+            if (stats.isFile()) {
+              const syntheticCallId = `resolve-prompt-${pathName}-${randomUUID()}`;
+              const params = {
+                sessionId: this.id,
+                options: [
+                  {
+                    optionId: ToolConfirmationOutcome.ProceedOnce,
+                    name: 'Allow once',
+                    kind: 'allow_once',
+                  },
+                  {
+                    optionId: ToolConfirmationOutcome.Cancel,
+                    name: 'Deny',
+                    kind: 'reject_once',
+                  },
+                ] as acp.PermissionOption[],
+                toolCall: {
+                  toolCallId: syntheticCallId,
+                  status: 'pending',
+                  title: `Allow access to absolute path: ${pathName}`,
+                  content: [
+                    {
+                      type: 'content',
+                      content: {
+                        type: 'text',
+                        text: `The Agent needs access to read an attached file outside your workspace: ${pathName}`,
+                      },
+                    },
+                  ],
+                  locations: [],
+                  kind: 'read',
+                },
+              };
+
+              const output = RequestPermissionResponseSchema.parse(
+                await this.connection.requestPermission(params),
+              );
+
+              const outcome =
+                output.outcome.outcome === 'cancelled'
+                  ? ToolConfirmationOutcome.Cancel
+                  : z
+                      .nativeEnum(ToolConfirmationOutcome)
+                      .parse(output.outcome.optionId);
+
+              if (outcome === ToolConfirmationOutcome.ProceedOnce) {
+                this.context.config
+                  .getWorkspaceContext()
+                  .addReadOnlyPath(absolutePath);
+                validationError = null;
+              } else {
+                this.debug(
+                  `Direct read authorization denied for absolute path ${pathName}`,
+                );
+                directContents.push({
+                  spec: pathName,
+                  content: `[Warning: Access to absolute path \`${pathName}\` denied by user.]`,
+                });
+                continue;
+              }
+            }
+          } catch (error) {
             this.debug(
-              `Path ${pathName} resolved to directory, using glob: ${currentPathSpec}`,
+              `Failed to request permission for absolute attachment ${pathName}: ${getErrorMessage(error)}`,
             );
-          } else {
-            this.debug(`Path ${pathName} resolved to file: ${currentPathSpec}`);
+            await this.sendUpdate({
+              sessionUpdate: 'agent_thought_chunk',
+              content: {
+                type: 'text',
+                text: `Warning: Failed to display permission dialog for \`${absolutePath}\`. Error: ${getErrorMessage(error)}`,
+              },
+            });
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (!validationError) {
+          // If it's an absolute path that is authorized (e.g. added via readOnlyPaths),
+          // read it directly to avoid ReadManyFilesTool absolute path resolution issues.
+          if (
+            (path.isAbsolute(pathName) ||
+              !isWithinRoot(
+                absolutePath,
+                this.context.config.getTargetDir(),
+              )) &&
+            !readDirectly
+          ) {
+            try {
+              const stats = await fs.stat(absolutePath);
+              if (stats.isFile()) {
+                const fileReadResult = await processSingleFileContent(
+                  absolutePath,
+                  this.context.config.getTargetDir(),
+                  this.context.config.getFileSystemService(),
+                );
+
+                if (!fileReadResult.error) {
+                  if (
+                    typeof fileReadResult.llmContent === 'object' &&
+                    'inlineData' in fileReadResult.llmContent
+                  ) {
+                    directContents.push({
+                      spec: pathName,
+                      part: fileReadResult.llmContent,
+                    });
+                  } else if (typeof fileReadResult.llmContent === 'string') {
+                    let contentToPush = fileReadResult.llmContent;
+                    if (fileReadResult.isTruncated) {
+                      contentToPush = `[WARNING: This file was truncated]\n\n${contentToPush}`;
+                    }
+                    directContents.push({
+                      spec: pathName,
+                      content: contentToPush,
+                    });
+                  }
+                  readDirectly = true;
+                  resolvedSuccessfully = true;
+                } else {
+                  this.debug(
+                    `Direct read failed for absolute path ${pathName}: ${fileReadResult.error}`,
+                  );
+                  await this.sendUpdate({
+                    sessionUpdate: 'agent_thought_chunk',
+                    content: {
+                      type: 'text',
+                      text: `Warning: file read failed for \`${pathName}\`. Reason: ${fileReadResult.error}`,
+                    },
+                  });
+                  continue;
+                }
+              }
+            } catch (error) {
+              this.debug(
+                `File stat/access error for absolute path ${pathName}: ${getErrorMessage(error)}`,
+              );
+              await this.sendUpdate({
+                sessionUpdate: 'agent_thought_chunk',
+                content: {
+                  type: 'text',
+                  text: `Warning: file access failed for \`${pathName}\`. Reason: ${getErrorMessage(error)}`,
+                },
+              });
+              continue;
+            }
+          }
+
+          if (!readDirectly) {
+            const stats = await fs.stat(absolutePath);
+            if (stats.isDirectory()) {
+              currentPathSpec = pathName.endsWith('/')
+                ? `${pathName}**`
+                : `${pathName}/**`;
+              this.debug(
+                `Path ${pathName} resolved to directory, using glob: ${currentPathSpec}`,
+              );
+            } else {
+              this.debug(
+                `Path ${pathName} resolved to file: ${currentPathSpec}`,
+              );
+            }
+            resolvedSuccessfully = true;
           }
-          resolvedSuccessfully = true;
         } else {
           this.debug(
-            `Path ${pathName} is outside the project directory. Skipping.`,
+            `Path ${pathName} access disallowed: ${validationError}. Skipping.`,
           );
+          await this.sendUpdate({
+            sessionUpdate: 'agent_thought_chunk',
+            content: {
+              type: 'text',
+              text: `Warning: skipping access to \`${pathName}\`. Reason: ${validationError}`,
+            },
+          });
         }
       } catch (error) {
         if (isNodeError(error) && error.code === 'ENOENT') {
@@ -1328,7 +1516,9 @@ export class Session {
         }
       }
       if (resolvedSuccessfully) {
-        pathSpecsToRead.push(currentPathSpec);
+        if (!readDirectly) {
+          pathSpecsToRead.push(currentPathSpec);
+        }
         atPathToResolvedSpecMap.set(pathName, currentPathSpec);
         contentLabelsForDisplay.push(pathName);
       }
@@ -1389,7 +1579,11 @@ export class Session {
 
     const processedQueryParts: Part[] = [{ text: initialQueryText }];
 
-    if (pathSpecsToRead.length === 0 && embeddedContext.length === 0) {
+    if (
+      pathSpecsToRead.length === 0 &&
+      embeddedContext.length === 0 &&
+      directContents.length === 0
+    ) {
       // Fallback for lone "@" or completely invalid @-commands resulting in empty initialQueryText
       debugLogger.warn('No valid file paths found in @ commands to read.');
       return [{ text: initialQueryText }];
@@ -1481,6 +1675,30 @@ export class Session {
       }
     }
 
+    if (directContents.length > 0) {
+      const hasReferenceStart = processedQueryParts.some(
+        (p) =>
+          'text' in p &&
+          typeof p.text === 'string' &&
+          p.text.includes(REFERENCE_CONTENT_START),
+      );
+      if (!hasReferenceStart) {
+        processedQueryParts.push({
+          text: `\n${REFERENCE_CONTENT_START}`,
+        });
+      }
+      for (const item of directContents) {
+        processedQueryParts.push({
+          text: `\nContent from @${item.spec}:\n`,
+        });
+        if (item.content) {
+          processedQueryParts.push({ text: item.content });
+        } else if (item.part) {
+          processedQueryParts.push(item.part);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
     if (embeddedContext.length > 0) {
       processedQueryParts.push({
         text: '\n--- Content from referenced context ---',

packages/cli/src/config/settingsSchema.ts

@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ const SETTINGS_SCHEMA = {
             requiresRestart: true,
             default: undefined as string | undefined,
             description:
-              'The directory where planning artifacts are stored. If not specified, defaults to the system temporary directory.',
+              'The directory where planning artifacts are stored. If not specified, defaults to the system temporary directory. A custom directory requires a policy to allow write access in Plan Mode.',
             showInDialog: true,
           },
           modelRouting: {
@@ -3024,6 +3024,7 @@ export const SETTINGS_SCHEMA_DEFINITIONS: Record<
               type: 'object',
               properties: {
                 useGemini3_1: { type: 'boolean' },
+                useGemini3_1FlashLite: { type: 'boolean' },
                 useCustomTools: { type: 'boolean' },
                 hasAccessToPreview: { type: 'boolean' },
                 requestedModels: {

packages/cli/src/gemini.test.tsx

@@ -528,6 +528,62 @@ describe('gemini.tsx main function kitty protocol', () => {
     );
   });
 
+  it('should call process.stdin.resume when isInteractive is true to protect against implicit Node pause', async () => {
+    const resumeSpy = vi.spyOn(process.stdin, 'resume');
+    vi.mocked(loadCliConfig).mockResolvedValue(
+      createMockConfig({
+        isInteractive: () => true,
+        getQuestion: () => '',
+        getSandbox: () => undefined,
+      }),
+    );
+    vi.mocked(loadSettings).mockReturnValue(
+      createMockSettings({
+        merged: {
+          advanced: {},
+          security: { auth: {} },
+          ui: {},
+        },
+      }),
+    );
+    vi.mocked(parseArguments).mockResolvedValue({
+      model: undefined,
+      sandbox: undefined,
+      debug: undefined,
+      prompt: undefined,
+      promptInteractive: undefined,
+      query: undefined,
+      yolo: undefined,
+      approvalMode: undefined,
+      policy: undefined,
+      adminPolicy: undefined,
+      allowedMcpServerNames: undefined,
+      allowedTools: undefined,
+      experimentalAcp: undefined,
+      extensions: undefined,
+      listExtensions: undefined,
+      includeDirectories: undefined,
+      screenReader: undefined,
+      useWriteTodos: undefined,
+      resume: undefined,
+      listSessions: undefined,
+      deleteSession: undefined,
+      outputFormat: undefined,
+      fakeResponses: undefined,
+      recordResponses: undefined,
+      rawOutput: undefined,
+      acceptRawOutputRisk: undefined,
+      isCommand: undefined,
+    });
+
+    await act(async () => {
+      await main();
+    });
+
+    expect(resumeSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    resumeSpy.mockRestore();
+  });
+
   it.each([
     { flag: 'listExtensions' },
     { flag: 'listSessions' },

packages/cli/src/gemini.tsx

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ import {
   ValidationRequiredError,
   type AdminControlsSettings,
   debugLogger,
+  isHeadlessMode,
 } from '@google/gemini-cli-core';
 
 import { loadCliConfig, parseArguments } from './config/config.js';
@@ -296,6 +297,7 @@ export async function main() {
   const isDebugMode = cliConfig.isDebugMode(argv);
   const consolePatcher = new ConsolePatcher({
     stderr: true,
+    interactive: isHeadlessMode() ? false : true,
     debugMode: isDebugMode,
     onNewMessage: (msg) => {
       coreEvents.emitConsoleLog(msg.type, msg.content);
@@ -611,8 +613,17 @@ export async function main() {
     }
 
     cliStartupHandle?.end();
+
     // Render UI, passing necessary config values. Check that there is no command line question.
     if (config.isInteractive()) {
+      // Earlier initialization phases (like TerminalCapabilityManager resolving
+      // or authWithWeb) may have added and removed 'data' listeners on process.stdin.
+      // When the listener count drops to 0, Node.js implicitly pauses the stream buffer.
+      // React Ink's useInput hooks will silently fail to receive keystrokes if the stream remains paused.
+      if (process.stdin.isTTY) {
+        process.stdin.resume();
+      }
+
       await startInteractiveUI(
         config,
         settings,

packages/cli/src/nonInteractiveCli.ts

@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ export async function runNonInteractive({
   return promptIdContext.run(prompt_id, async () => {
     const consolePatcher = new ConsolePatcher({
       stderr: true,
+      interactive: false,
       debugMode: config.getDebugMode(),
       onNewMessage: (msg) => {
         coreEvents.emitConsoleLog(msg.type, msg.content);

packages/cli/src/test-utils/render.tsx

@@ -524,6 +524,8 @@ const baseMockUiState = {
   nightly: false,
   updateInfo: null,
   pendingHistoryItems: [],
+  mainControlsRef: () => {},
+  rootUiRef: { current: null },
 };
 
 export const mockAppState: AppState = {

packages/cli/src/ui/App.test.tsx

@@ -70,9 +70,7 @@ describe('App', () => {
     cleanUiDetailsVisible: true,
     quittingMessages: null,
     dialogsVisible: false,
-    mainControlsRef: {
-      current: null,
-    } as unknown as React.MutableRefObject<DOMElement | null>,
+    mainControlsRef: vi.fn(),
     rootUiRef: {
       current: null,
     } as unknown as React.MutableRefObject<DOMElement | null>,

packages/cli/src/ui/AppContainer.tsx

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import {
 } from 'react';
 import {
   type DOMElement,
-  measureElement,
+  ResizeObserver,
   useApp,
   useStdout,
   useStdin,
@@ -397,7 +397,6 @@ export const AppContainer = (props: AppContainerProps) => {
   const branchName = useGitBranchName(config.getTargetDir());
 
   // Layout measurements
-  const mainControlsRef = useRef<DOMElement>(null);
   // For performance profiling only
   const rootUiRef = useRef<DOMElement>(null);
   const lastTitleRef = useRef<string | null>(null);
@@ -1393,24 +1392,49 @@ Logging in with Google... Restarting Gemini CLI to continue.
     (streamingState === StreamingState.Idle ||
       streamingState === StreamingState.Responding ||
       streamingState === StreamingState.WaitingForConfirmation) &&
-    !proQuotaRequest;
+    !proQuotaRequest &&
+    !copyModeEnabled;
 
+  const observerRef = useRef<ResizeObserver | null>(null);
   const [controlsHeight, setControlsHeight] = useState(0);
+  const [lastNonCopyControlsHeight, setLastNonCopyControlsHeight] = useState(0);
 
   useLayoutEffect(() => {
-    if (mainControlsRef.current) {
-      const fullFooterMeasurement = measureElement(mainControlsRef.current);
-      const roundedHeight = Math.round(fullFooterMeasurement.height);
-      if (roundedHeight > 0 && roundedHeight !== controlsHeight) {
-        setControlsHeight(roundedHeight);
-      }
+    if (!copyModeEnabled && controlsHeight > 0) {
+      setLastNonCopyControlsHeight(controlsHeight);
     }
-  }, [buffer, terminalWidth, terminalHeight, controlsHeight, isInputActive]);
+  }, [copyModeEnabled, controlsHeight]);
 
-  // Compute available terminal height based on controls measurement
+  const stableControlsHeight =
+    copyModeEnabled && lastNonCopyControlsHeight > 0
+      ? lastNonCopyControlsHeight
+      : controlsHeight;
+
+  const mainControlsRef = useCallback((node: DOMElement | null) => {
+    if (observerRef.current) {
+      observerRef.current.disconnect();
+      observerRef.current = null;
+    }
+
+    if (node) {
+      const observer = new ResizeObserver((entries) => {
+        const entry = entries[0];
+        if (entry) {
+          const roundedHeight = Math.round(entry.contentRect.height);
+          setControlsHeight((prev) =>
+            roundedHeight !== prev ? roundedHeight : prev,
+          );
+        }
+      });
+      observer.observe(node);
+      observerRef.current = observer;
+    }
+  }, []);
+
+  // Compute available terminal height based on stable controls measurement
   const availableTerminalHeight = Math.max(
     0,
-    terminalHeight - controlsHeight - backgroundShellHeight - 1,
+    terminalHeight - stableControlsHeight - backgroundShellHeight - 1,
   );
 
   config.setShellExecutionConfig({
@@ -2269,6 +2293,7 @@ Logging in with Google... Restarting Gemini CLI to continue.
       contextFileNames,
       errorCount,
       availableTerminalHeight,
+      stableControlsHeight,
       mainAreaWidth,
       staticAreaMaxItemHeight,
       staticExtraHeight,
@@ -2390,6 +2415,7 @@ Logging in with Google... Restarting Gemini CLI to continue.
       contextFileNames,
       errorCount,
       availableTerminalHeight,
+      stableControlsHeight,
       mainAreaWidth,
       staticAreaMaxItemHeight,
       staticExtraHeight,

packages/cli/src/ui/__snapshots__/App.test.tsx.snap

@@ -34,12 +34,11 @@ Tips for getting started:
 
 
 
-
-
 
 
 
 Notifications
+
 Composer
 "
 `;
@@ -100,12 +99,11 @@ exports[`App > Snapshots > renders with dialogs visible 1`] = `
 
 
 
-
-
 
 
 
 Notifications
+
 DialogManager
 "
 `;
@@ -147,9 +145,8 @@ HistoryItemDisplay
 
 
 
-
-
 Notifications
+
 Composer
 "
 `;

packages/cli/src/ui/__snapshots__/ToolConfirmationFullFrame-Full-Terminal-Tool-Confirmation-Snapshot-renders-tool-confirmation-box-in-the-frame-of-the-entire-terminal.snap.svg

@@ -1,271 +1,266 @@
-<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="920" height="700" viewBox="0 0 920 700">
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="920" height="666" viewBox="0 0 920 666">
   <style>
     text { font-family: Consolas, "Courier New", monospace; font-size: 14px; dominant-baseline: text-before-edge; white-space: pre; }
   </style>
-  <rect width="920" height="700" fill="#000000" />
+  <rect width="920" height="666" fill="#000000" />
   <g transform="translate(10, 10)">
-    <text x="0" y="2" fill="#ffffff" textLength="450" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">3. Ask coding questions, edit code or run commands</text>
-    <text x="0" y="19" fill="#ffffff" textLength="315" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">4. Be specific for the best results</text>
+    <rect x="0" y="0" width="900" height="17" fill="#141414" />
+    <text x="0" y="2" fill="#000000" textLength="900" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀</text>
+    <rect x="0" y="17" width="9" height="17" fill="#141414" />
+    <rect x="9" y="17" width="18" height="17" fill="#141414" />
+    <text x="9" y="19" fill="#d7afff" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">&gt; </text>
+    <rect x="27" y="17" width="324" height="17" fill="#141414" />
+    <text x="27" y="19" fill="#ffffff" textLength="324" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">Can you edit InputPrompt.tsx for me?</text>
+    <rect x="351" y="17" width="549" height="17" fill="#141414" />
     <rect x="0" y="34" width="900" height="17" fill="#141414" />
-    <text x="0" y="36" fill="#000000" textLength="900" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀</text>
-    <rect x="0" y="51" width="9" height="17" fill="#141414" />
-    <rect x="9" y="51" width="18" height="17" fill="#141414" />
-    <text x="9" y="53" fill="#d7afff" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">&gt; </text>
-    <rect x="27" y="51" width="324" height="17" fill="#141414" />
-    <text x="27" y="53" fill="#ffffff" textLength="324" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">Can you edit InputPrompt.tsx for me?</text>
-    <rect x="351" y="51" width="549" height="17" fill="#141414" />
-    <rect x="0" y="68" width="900" height="17" fill="#141414" />
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-    <text x="0" y="87" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="891" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">╭─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮</text>
+    <text x="0" y="36" fill="#000000" textLength="900" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄</text>
+    <text x="0" y="53" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="891" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">╭─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮</text>
+    <text x="0" y="70" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
+    <text x="18" y="70" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="135" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs" font-weight="bold">Action Required</text>
+    <text x="882" y="70" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
+    <text x="0" y="87" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
+    <text x="882" y="87" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
     <text x="0" y="104" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
-    <text x="18" y="104" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="135" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs" font-weight="bold">Action Required</text>
+    <text x="18" y="104" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">?</text>
+    <text x="45" y="104" fill="#ffffff" textLength="36" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs" font-weight="bold">Edit</text>
+    <text x="90" y="104" fill="#afafaf" textLength="774" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">packages/.../InputPrompt.tsx:   return kittyProtocolSupporte... =&gt;   return kittyProto</text>
+    <text x="864" y="104" fill="#ffffff" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">… </text>
     <text x="882" y="104" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
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-    <text x="90" y="138" fill="#afafaf" textLength="774" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">packages/.../InputPrompt.tsx:   return kittyProtocolSupporte... =&gt;   return kittyProto</text>
-    <text x="864" y="138" fill="#ffffff" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">… </text>
+    <text x="18" y="138" fill="#afafaf" textLength="414" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">... first 44 lines hidden (Ctrl+O to show) ...</text>
     <text x="882" y="138" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
     <text x="0" y="155" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
+    <text x="18" y="155" fill="#afafaf" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">45</text>
+    <text x="63" y="155" fill="#e5e5e5" textLength="54" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">const </text>
+    <text x="117" y="155" fill="#ffffff" textLength="54" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">line45</text>
+    <text x="171" y="155" fill="#e5e5e5" textLength="27" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs"> = </text>
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     <text x="198" y="274" fill="#0000ee" textLength="36" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">true</text>
     <text x="234" y="274" fill="#00cd00" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">;</text>
     <text x="882" y="274" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
     <text x="891" y="274" fill="#333333" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">█</text>
     <text x="0" y="291" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
-    <text x="18" y="291" fill="#afafaf" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">51</text>
+    <text x="18" y="291" fill="#afafaf" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">53</text>
     <text x="63" y="291" fill="#e5e5e5" textLength="54" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">const </text>
-    <text x="117" y="291" fill="#ffffff" textLength="54" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">line51</text>
+    <text x="117" y="291" fill="#ffffff" textLength="54" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">line53</text>
     <text x="171" y="291" fill="#e5e5e5" textLength="27" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs"> = </text>
     <text x="198" y="291" fill="#0000ee" textLength="36" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">true</text>
     <text x="234" y="291" fill="#00cd00" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">;</text>
     <text x="882" y="291" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
     <text x="891" y="291" fill="#333333" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">█</text>
     <text x="0" y="308" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
-    <text x="18" y="308" fill="#afafaf" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">52</text>
+    <text x="18" y="308" fill="#afafaf" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">54</text>
     <text x="63" y="308" fill="#e5e5e5" textLength="54" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">const </text>
-    <text x="117" y="308" fill="#ffffff" textLength="54" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">line52</text>
+    <text x="117" y="308" fill="#ffffff" textLength="54" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">line54</text>
     <text x="171" y="308" fill="#e5e5e5" textLength="27" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs"> = </text>
     <text x="198" y="308" fill="#0000ee" textLength="36" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">true</text>
     <text x="234" y="308" fill="#00cd00" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">;</text>
     <text x="882" y="308" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
     <text x="891" y="308" fill="#333333" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">█</text>
     <text x="0" y="325" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
-    <text x="18" y="325" fill="#afafaf" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">53</text>
+    <text x="18" y="325" fill="#afafaf" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">55</text>
     <text x="63" y="325" fill="#e5e5e5" textLength="54" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">const </text>
-    <text x="117" y="325" fill="#ffffff" textLength="54" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">line53</text>
+    <text x="117" y="325" fill="#ffffff" textLength="54" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">line55</text>
     <text x="171" y="325" fill="#e5e5e5" textLength="27" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs"> = </text>
     <text x="198" y="325" fill="#0000ee" textLength="36" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">true</text>
     <text x="234" y="325" fill="#00cd00" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">;</text>
     <text x="882" y="325" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
     <text x="891" y="325" fill="#333333" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">█</text>
     <text x="0" y="342" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
-    <text x="18" y="342" fill="#afafaf" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">54</text>
+    <text x="18" y="342" fill="#afafaf" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">56</text>
     <text x="63" y="342" fill="#e5e5e5" textLength="54" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">const </text>
-    <text x="117" y="342" fill="#ffffff" textLength="54" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">line54</text>
+    <text x="117" y="342" fill="#ffffff" textLength="54" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">line56</text>
     <text x="171" y="342" fill="#e5e5e5" textLength="27" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs"> = </text>
     <text x="198" y="342" fill="#0000ee" textLength="36" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">true</text>
     <text x="234" y="342" fill="#00cd00" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">;</text>
     <text x="882" y="342" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
     <text x="891" y="342" fill="#333333" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">█</text>
     <text x="0" y="359" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
-    <text x="18" y="359" fill="#afafaf" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">55</text>
+    <text x="18" y="359" fill="#afafaf" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">57</text>
     <text x="63" y="359" fill="#e5e5e5" textLength="54" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">const </text>
-    <text x="117" y="359" fill="#ffffff" textLength="54" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">line55</text>
+    <text x="117" y="359" fill="#ffffff" textLength="54" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">line57</text>
     <text x="171" y="359" fill="#e5e5e5" textLength="27" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs"> = </text>
     <text x="198" y="359" fill="#0000ee" textLength="36" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">true</text>
     <text x="234" y="359" fill="#00cd00" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">;</text>
     <text x="882" y="359" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
     <text x="891" y="359" fill="#333333" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">█</text>
     <text x="0" y="376" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
-    <text x="18" y="376" fill="#afafaf" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">56</text>
+    <text x="18" y="376" fill="#afafaf" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">58</text>
     <text x="63" y="376" fill="#e5e5e5" textLength="54" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">const </text>
-    <text x="117" y="376" fill="#ffffff" textLength="54" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">line56</text>
+    <text x="117" y="376" fill="#ffffff" textLength="54" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">line58</text>
     <text x="171" y="376" fill="#e5e5e5" textLength="27" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs"> = </text>
     <text x="198" y="376" fill="#0000ee" textLength="36" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">true</text>
     <text x="234" y="376" fill="#00cd00" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">;</text>
     <text x="882" y="376" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
     <text x="891" y="376" fill="#333333" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">█</text>
     <text x="0" y="393" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
-    <text x="18" y="393" fill="#afafaf" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">57</text>
+    <text x="18" y="393" fill="#afafaf" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">59</text>
     <text x="63" y="393" fill="#e5e5e5" textLength="54" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">const </text>
-    <text x="117" y="393" fill="#ffffff" textLength="54" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">line57</text>
+    <text x="117" y="393" fill="#ffffff" textLength="54" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">line59</text>
     <text x="171" y="393" fill="#e5e5e5" textLength="27" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs"> = </text>
     <text x="198" y="393" fill="#0000ee" textLength="36" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">true</text>
     <text x="234" y="393" fill="#00cd00" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">;</text>
     <text x="882" y="393" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
     <text x="891" y="393" fill="#333333" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">█</text>
     <text x="0" y="410" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
-    <text x="18" y="410" fill="#afafaf" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">58</text>
+    <text x="18" y="410" fill="#afafaf" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">60</text>
     <text x="63" y="410" fill="#e5e5e5" textLength="54" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">const </text>
-    <text x="117" y="410" fill="#ffffff" textLength="54" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">line58</text>
+    <text x="117" y="410" fill="#ffffff" textLength="54" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">line60</text>
     <text x="171" y="410" fill="#e5e5e5" textLength="27" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs"> = </text>
     <text x="198" y="410" fill="#0000ee" textLength="36" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">true</text>
     <text x="234" y="410" fill="#00cd00" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">;</text>
     <text x="882" y="410" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
     <text x="891" y="410" fill="#333333" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">█</text>
     <text x="0" y="427" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
-    <text x="18" y="427" fill="#afafaf" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">59</text>
-    <text x="63" y="427" fill="#e5e5e5" textLength="54" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">const </text>
-    <text x="117" y="427" fill="#ffffff" textLength="54" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">line59</text>
-    <text x="171" y="427" fill="#e5e5e5" textLength="27" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs"> = </text>
-    <text x="198" y="427" fill="#0000ee" textLength="36" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">true</text>
-    <text x="234" y="427" fill="#00cd00" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">;</text>
+    <rect x="18" y="425" width="18" height="17" fill="#5f0000" />
+    <text x="18" y="427" fill="#afafaf" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">61</text>
+    <rect x="36" y="425" width="9" height="17" fill="#5f0000" />
+    <rect x="45" y="425" width="9" height="17" fill="#5f0000" />
+    <text x="45" y="427" fill="#ff87af" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">-</text>
+    <rect x="54" y="425" width="9" height="17" fill="#5f0000" />
+    <rect x="63" y="425" width="9" height="17" fill="#5f0000" />
+    <rect x="72" y="425" width="54" height="17" fill="#5f0000" />
+    <text x="72" y="427" fill="#0000ee" textLength="54" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">return</text>
+    <rect x="126" y="425" width="234" height="17" fill="#5f0000" />
+    <text x="126" y="427" fill="#e5e5e5" textLength="234" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs"> kittyProtocolSupporte...;</text>
     <text x="882" y="427" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
     <text x="891" y="427" fill="#333333" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">█</text>
     <text x="0" y="444" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
-    <text x="18" y="444" fill="#afafaf" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">60</text>
-    <text x="63" y="444" fill="#e5e5e5" textLength="54" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">const </text>
-    <text x="117" y="444" fill="#ffffff" textLength="54" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">line60</text>
-    <text x="171" y="444" fill="#e5e5e5" textLength="27" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs"> = </text>
-    <text x="198" y="444" fill="#0000ee" textLength="36" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">true</text>
-    <text x="234" y="444" fill="#00cd00" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">;</text>
+    <rect x="18" y="442" width="18" height="17" fill="#005f00" />
+    <text x="18" y="444" fill="#afafaf" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">61</text>
+    <rect x="36" y="442" width="9" height="17" fill="#005f00" />
+    <rect x="45" y="442" width="9" height="17" fill="#005f00" />
+    <text x="45" y="444" fill="#d7ffd7" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">+</text>
+    <rect x="54" y="442" width="9" height="17" fill="#005f00" />
+    <rect x="63" y="442" width="9" height="17" fill="#005f00" />
+    <rect x="72" y="442" width="54" height="17" fill="#005f00" />
+    <text x="72" y="444" fill="#0000ee" textLength="54" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">return</text>
+    <rect x="126" y="442" width="234" height="17" fill="#005f00" />
+    <text x="126" y="444" fill="#e5e5e5" textLength="234" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs"> kittyProtocolSupporte...;</text>
     <text x="882" y="444" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
     <text x="891" y="444" fill="#333333" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">█</text>
     <text x="0" y="461" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
-    <rect x="18" y="459" width="18" height="17" fill="#5f0000" />
-    <text x="18" y="461" fill="#afafaf" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">61</text>
-    <rect x="36" y="459" width="9" height="17" fill="#5f0000" />
-    <rect x="45" y="459" width="9" height="17" fill="#5f0000" />
-    <text x="45" y="461" fill="#ff87af" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">-</text>
-    <rect x="54" y="459" width="9" height="17" fill="#5f0000" />
-    <rect x="63" y="459" width="9" height="17" fill="#5f0000" />
-    <rect x="72" y="459" width="54" height="17" fill="#5f0000" />
-    <text x="72" y="461" fill="#0000ee" textLength="54" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">return</text>
-    <rect x="126" y="459" width="234" height="17" fill="#5f0000" />
-    <text x="126" y="461" fill="#e5e5e5" textLength="234" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs"> kittyProtocolSupporte...;</text>
+    <text x="18" y="461" fill="#afafaf" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">62</text>
+    <text x="63" y="461" fill="#e5e5e5" textLength="180" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs"> buffer: TextBuffer;</text>
     <text x="882" y="461" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
     <text x="891" y="461" fill="#333333" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">█</text>
     <text x="0" y="478" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
-    <rect x="18" y="476" width="18" height="17" fill="#005f00" />
-    <text x="18" y="478" fill="#afafaf" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">61</text>
-    <rect x="36" y="476" width="9" height="17" fill="#005f00" />
-    <rect x="45" y="476" width="9" height="17" fill="#005f00" />
-    <text x="45" y="478" fill="#d7ffd7" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">+</text>
-    <rect x="54" y="476" width="9" height="17" fill="#005f00" />
-    <rect x="63" y="476" width="9" height="17" fill="#005f00" />
-    <rect x="72" y="476" width="54" height="17" fill="#005f00" />
-    <text x="72" y="478" fill="#0000ee" textLength="54" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">return</text>
-    <rect x="126" y="476" width="234" height="17" fill="#005f00" />
-    <text x="126" y="478" fill="#e5e5e5" textLength="234" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs"> kittyProtocolSupporte...;</text>
+    <text x="18" y="478" fill="#afafaf" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">63</text>
+    <text x="72" y="478" fill="#ffffff" textLength="72" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">onSubmit</text>
+    <text x="144" y="478" fill="#e5e5e5" textLength="27" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">: (</text>
+    <text x="171" y="478" fill="#ffffff" textLength="45" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">value</text>
+    <text x="216" y="478" fill="#e5e5e5" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">: </text>
+    <text x="234" y="478" fill="#00cdcd" textLength="54" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">string</text>
+    <text x="288" y="478" fill="#e5e5e5" textLength="45" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">) =&gt; </text>
+    <text x="333" y="478" fill="#00cdcd" textLength="36" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">void</text>
+    <text x="369" y="478" fill="#e5e5e5" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">;</text>
     <text x="882" y="478" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
     <text x="891" y="478" fill="#333333" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">█</text>
     <text x="0" y="495" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
-    <text x="18" y="495" fill="#afafaf" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">62</text>
-    <text x="63" y="495" fill="#e5e5e5" textLength="180" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs"> buffer: TextBuffer;</text>
+    <text x="18" y="495" fill="#ffffff" textLength="162" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">Apply this change?</text>
     <text x="882" y="495" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
     <text x="891" y="495" fill="#333333" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">█</text>
     <text x="0" y="512" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
-    <text x="18" y="512" fill="#afafaf" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">63</text>
-    <text x="72" y="512" fill="#ffffff" textLength="72" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">onSubmit</text>
-    <text x="144" y="512" fill="#e5e5e5" textLength="27" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">: (</text>
-    <text x="171" y="512" fill="#ffffff" textLength="45" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">value</text>
-    <text x="216" y="512" fill="#e5e5e5" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">: </text>
-    <text x="234" y="512" fill="#00cdcd" textLength="54" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">string</text>
-    <text x="288" y="512" fill="#e5e5e5" textLength="45" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">) =&gt; </text>
-    <text x="333" y="512" fill="#00cdcd" textLength="36" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">void</text>
-    <text x="369" y="512" fill="#e5e5e5" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">;</text>
     <text x="882" y="512" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
     <text x="891" y="512" fill="#333333" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">█</text>
     <text x="0" y="529" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
-    <text x="18" y="529" fill="#ffffff" textLength="162" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">Apply this change?</text>
+    <rect x="18" y="527" width="9" height="17" fill="#001a00" />
+    <text x="18" y="529" fill="#00cd00" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">●</text>
+    <rect x="27" y="527" width="9" height="17" fill="#001a00" />
+    <rect x="36" y="527" width="18" height="17" fill="#001a00" />
+    <text x="36" y="529" fill="#00cd00" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">1.</text>
+    <rect x="54" y="527" width="9" height="17" fill="#001a00" />
+    <rect x="63" y="527" width="90" height="17" fill="#001a00" />
+    <text x="63" y="529" fill="#00cd00" textLength="90" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">Allow once</text>
+    <rect x="153" y="527" width="288" height="17" fill="#001a00" />
     <text x="882" y="529" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
     <text x="891" y="529" fill="#333333" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">█</text>
     <text x="0" y="546" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
+    <text x="36" y="546" fill="#ffffff" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">2.</text>
+    <text x="63" y="546" fill="#ffffff" textLength="198" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">Allow for this session</text>
     <text x="882" y="546" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
     <text x="891" y="546" fill="#333333" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">█</text>
     <text x="0" y="563" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
-    <rect x="18" y="561" width="9" height="17" fill="#001a00" />
-    <text x="18" y="563" fill="#00cd00" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">●</text>
-    <rect x="27" y="561" width="9" height="17" fill="#001a00" />
-    <rect x="36" y="561" width="18" height="17" fill="#001a00" />
-    <text x="36" y="563" fill="#00cd00" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">1.</text>
-    <rect x="54" y="561" width="9" height="17" fill="#001a00" />
-    <rect x="63" y="561" width="90" height="17" fill="#001a00" />
-    <text x="63" y="563" fill="#00cd00" textLength="90" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">Allow once</text>
-    <rect x="153" y="561" width="288" height="17" fill="#001a00" />
+    <text x="36" y="563" fill="#ffffff" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">3.</text>
+    <text x="63" y="563" fill="#ffffff" textLength="378" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">Allow for this file in all future sessions</text>
     <text x="882" y="563" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
     <text x="891" y="563" fill="#333333" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">█</text>
     <text x="0" y="580" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
-    <text x="36" y="580" fill="#ffffff" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">2.</text>
-    <text x="63" y="580" fill="#ffffff" textLength="198" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">Allow for this session</text>
+    <text x="36" y="580" fill="#ffffff" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">4.</text>
+    <text x="63" y="580" fill="#ffffff" textLength="243" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">Modify with external editor</text>
     <text x="882" y="580" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
     <text x="891" y="580" fill="#333333" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">█</text>
     <text x="0" y="597" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
-    <text x="36" y="597" fill="#ffffff" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">3.</text>
-    <text x="63" y="597" fill="#ffffff" textLength="378" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">Allow for this file in all future sessions</text>
+    <text x="36" y="597" fill="#ffffff" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">5.</text>
+    <text x="63" y="597" fill="#ffffff" textLength="225" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">No, suggest changes (esc)</text>
     <text x="882" y="597" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
     <text x="891" y="597" fill="#333333" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">█</text>
     <text x="0" y="614" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
-    <text x="36" y="614" fill="#ffffff" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">4.</text>
-    <text x="63" y="614" fill="#ffffff" textLength="243" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">Modify with external editor</text>
     <text x="882" y="614" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
     <text x="891" y="614" fill="#333333" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">█</text>
-    <text x="0" y="631" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
-    <text x="36" y="631" fill="#ffffff" textLength="18" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">5.</text>
-    <text x="63" y="631" fill="#ffffff" textLength="225" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">No, suggest changes (esc)</text>
-    <text x="882" y="631" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
+    <text x="0" y="631" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="891" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">╰─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯</text>
     <text x="891" y="631" fill="#333333" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">█</text>
-    <text x="0" y="648" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
-    <text x="882" y="648" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">│</text>
-    <text x="891" y="648" fill="#333333" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">█</text>
-    <text x="0" y="665" fill="#ffffaf" textLength="891" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">╰─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯</text>
-    <text x="891" y="665" fill="#333333" textLength="9" lengthAdjust="spacingAndGlyphs">█</text>
   </g>
 </svg>

packages/cli/src/ui/__snapshots__/ToolConfirmationFullFrame.test.tsx.snap

@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 // Vitest Snapshot v1, https://vitest.dev/guide/snapshot.html
 
 exports[`Full Terminal Tool Confirmation Snapshot > renders tool confirmation box in the frame of the entire terminal 1`] = `
-"3. Ask coding questions, edit code or run commands
-4. Be specific for the best results
-▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
+"▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
  > Can you edit InputPrompt.tsx for me?                                                             
 ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄
 ╭─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
@@ -11,9 +9,9 @@ exports[`Full Terminal Tool Confirmation Snapshot > renders tool confirmation bo
 │                                                                                                 │
 │ ?  Edit packages/.../InputPrompt.tsx:   return kittyProtocolSupporte... =>   return kittyProto… │
 │                                                                                                 │
-│ ... first 44 lines hidden (Ctrl+O to show) ...                                                  │█
-│ 45   const line45 = true;                                                                       │█
-│ 46   const line46 = true;                                                                       │█
+│ ... first 44 lines hidden (Ctrl+O to show) ...                                                  │
+│ 45   const line45 = true;                                                                       │
+│ 46   const line46 = true;                                                                       │
 │ 47   const line47 = true;                                                                       │█
 │ 48   const line48 = true;                                                                       │█
 │ 49   const line49 = true;                                                                       │█

packages/cli/src/ui/components/AppHeader.tsx

@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ export const AppHeader = ({ version, showDetails = true }: AppHeaderProps) => {
           Gemini CLI
         </Text>
         <Text color={theme.text.secondary}> v{version}</Text>
-        {updateInfo && (
+        {updateInfo?.isUpdating && (
           <Box marginLeft={2}>
             <Text color={theme.text.secondary}>
               <CliSpinner /> Updating

packages/cli/src/ui/components/AskUserDialog.test.tsx

@@ -1491,4 +1491,47 @@ describe('AskUserDialog', () => {
       expect(frame).toContain('3.  Option 3');
     });
   });
+
+  it('allows the question to exceed 15 lines in a tall terminal', async () => {
+    const longQuestion = Array.from(
+      { length: 25 },
+      (_, i) => `Line ${i + 1}`,
+    ).join('\n');
+    const questions: Question[] = [
+      {
+        question: longQuestion,
+        header: 'Tall Test',
+        type: QuestionType.CHOICE,
+        options: [
+          { label: 'Option 1', description: 'D1' },
+          { label: 'Option 2', description: 'D2' },
+          { label: 'Option 3', description: 'D3' },
+        ],
+        multiSelect: false,
+        unconstrainedHeight: false,
+      },
+    ];
+
+    const { lastFrame, waitUntilReady } = await renderWithProviders(
+      <AskUserDialog
+        questions={questions}
+        onSubmit={vi.fn()}
+        onCancel={vi.fn()}
+        width={80}
+        availableHeight={40} // Tall terminal
+      />,
+      { width: 80 },
+    );
+
+    await waitFor(async () => {
+      await waitUntilReady();
+      const frame = lastFrame();
+      // Should show more than 15 lines of the question
+      // (The limit was previously 15, so showing Line 20 proves it's working)
+      expect(frame).toContain('Line 20');
+      expect(frame).toContain('Line 25');
+      // Should still show the options
+      expect(frame).toContain('1.  Option 1');
+    });
+  });
 });

packages/cli/src/ui/components/AskUserDialog.tsx

@@ -855,13 +855,7 @@ const ChoiceQuestionView: React.FC<ChoiceQuestionViewProps> = ({
     listHeight && !isAlternateBuffer
       ? question.unconstrainedHeight
         ? Math.max(1, listHeight - selectionItems.length * 2)
-        : Math.min(
-            15,
-            Math.max(
-              1,
-              listHeight - Math.max(DIALOG_PADDING, reservedListHeight),
-            ),
-          )
+        : Math.max(1, listHeight - Math.max(DIALOG_PADDING, reservedListHeight))
       : undefined;
 
   const maxItemsToShow =

packages/cli/src/ui/components/Composer.tsx

@@ -4,14 +4,8 @@
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
  */
 
-import {
-  ApprovalMode,
-  checkExhaustive,
-  CoreToolCallStatus,
-  isUserVisibleHook,
-} from '@google/gemini-cli-core';
-import { Box, Text, useIsScreenReaderEnabled } from 'ink';
-import { useState, useEffect, useMemo } from 'react';
+import { Box, useIsScreenReaderEnabled } from 'ink';
+import { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
 import { useConfig } from '../contexts/ConfigContext.js';
 import { useSettings } from '../contexts/SettingsContext.js';
 import { useUIState } from '../contexts/UIStateContext.js';
@@ -20,28 +14,18 @@ import { useVimMode } from '../contexts/VimModeContext.js';
 import { useAlternateBuffer } from '../hooks/useAlternateBuffer.js';
 import { useTerminalSize } from '../hooks/useTerminalSize.js';
 import { isNarrowWidth } from '../utils/isNarrowWidth.js';
-import { isContextUsageHigh } from '../utils/contextUsage.js';
-import { theme } from '../semantic-colors.js';
-import { GENERIC_WORKING_LABEL } from '../textConstants.js';
-import { INTERACTIVE_SHELL_WAITING_PHRASE } from '../hooks/usePhraseCycler.js';
-import { StreamingState, type HistoryItemToolGroup } from '../types.js';
-import { LoadingIndicator } from './LoadingIndicator.js';
-import { ContextUsageDisplay } from './ContextUsageDisplay.js';
-import { StatusDisplay } from './StatusDisplay.js';
-import { HorizontalLine } from './shared/HorizontalLine.js';
 import { ToastDisplay, shouldShowToast } from './ToastDisplay.js';
-import { ApprovalModeIndicator } from './ApprovalModeIndicator.js';
-import { ShellModeIndicator } from './ShellModeIndicator.js';
 import { DetailedMessagesDisplay } from './DetailedMessagesDisplay.js';
-import { RawMarkdownIndicator } from './RawMarkdownIndicator.js';
 import { ShortcutsHelp } from './ShortcutsHelp.js';
 import { InputPrompt } from './InputPrompt.js';
 import { Footer } from './Footer.js';
+import { StatusRow } from './StatusRow.js';
 import { ShowMoreLines } from './ShowMoreLines.js';
 import { QueuedMessageDisplay } from './QueuedMessageDisplay.js';
 import { OverflowProvider } from '../contexts/OverflowContext.js';
 import { ConfigInitDisplay } from './ConfigInitDisplay.js';
 import { TodoTray } from './messages/Todo.js';
+import { useComposerStatus } from '../hooks/useComposerStatus.js';
 
 export const Composer = ({ isFocused = true }: { isFocused?: boolean }) => {
   const uiState = useUIState();
@@ -56,43 +40,17 @@ export const Composer = ({ isFocused = true }: { isFocused?: boolean }) => {
   const [suggestionsVisible, setSuggestionsVisible] = useState(false);
 
   const isAlternateBuffer = useAlternateBuffer();
-  const showApprovalModeIndicator = uiState.showApprovalModeIndicator;
-  const loadingPhrases = settings.merged.ui.loadingPhrases;
-  const showTips = loadingPhrases === 'tips' || loadingPhrases === 'all';
-  const showWit = loadingPhrases === 'witty' || loadingPhrases === 'all';
-
   const showUiDetails = uiState.cleanUiDetailsVisible;
   const suggestionsPosition = isAlternateBuffer ? 'above' : 'below';
   const hideContextSummary =
     suggestionsVisible && suggestionsPosition === 'above';
 
-  const hasPendingToolConfirmation = useMemo(
-    () =>
-      (uiState.pendingHistoryItems ?? [])
-        .filter(
-          (item): item is HistoryItemToolGroup => item.type === 'tool_group',
-        )
-        .some((item) =>
-          item.tools.some(
-            (tool) => tool.status === CoreToolCallStatus.AwaitingApproval,
-          ),
-        ),
-    [uiState.pendingHistoryItems],
-  );
-
-  const hasPendingActionRequired =
-    hasPendingToolConfirmation ||
-    Boolean(uiState.commandConfirmationRequest) ||
-    Boolean(uiState.authConsentRequest) ||
-    (uiState.confirmUpdateExtensionRequests?.length ?? 0) > 0 ||
-    Boolean(uiState.loopDetectionConfirmationRequest) ||
-    Boolean(uiState.quota.proQuotaRequest) ||
-    Boolean(uiState.quota.validationRequest) ||
-    Boolean(uiState.customDialog);
+  const { hasPendingActionRequired, shouldCollapseDuringApproval } =
+    useComposerStatus();
 
   const isPassiveShortcutsHelpState =
     uiState.isInputActive &&
-    uiState.streamingState === StreamingState.Idle &&
+    uiState.streamingState === 'idle' &&
     !hasPendingActionRequired;
 
   const { setShortcutsHelpVisible } = uiActions;
@@ -109,407 +67,19 @@ export const Composer = ({ isFocused = true }: { isFocused?: boolean }) => {
 
   const showShortcutsHelp =
     uiState.shortcutsHelpVisible &&
-    uiState.streamingState === StreamingState.Idle &&
+    uiState.streamingState === 'idle' &&
     !hasPendingActionRequired;
 
-  /**
-   * Use the setting if provided, otherwise default to true for the new UX.
-   * This allows tests to override the collapse behavior.
-   */
-  const shouldCollapseDuringApproval =
-    settings.merged.ui.collapseDrawerDuringApproval !== false;
-
   if (hasPendingActionRequired && shouldCollapseDuringApproval) {
     return null;
   }
 
   const hasToast = shouldShowToast(uiState);
-  const showLoadingIndicator =
-    (!uiState.embeddedShellFocused || uiState.isBackgroundShellVisible) &&
-    uiState.streamingState === StreamingState.Responding &&
-    !hasPendingActionRequired;
-
   const hideUiDetailsForSuggestions =
     suggestionsVisible && suggestionsPosition === 'above';
-  const showApprovalIndicator =
-    !uiState.shellModeActive && !hideUiDetailsForSuggestions;
-  const showRawMarkdownIndicator = !uiState.renderMarkdown;
-
-  let modeBleedThrough: { text: string; color: string } | null = null;
-  switch (showApprovalModeIndicator) {
-    case ApprovalMode.YOLO:
-      modeBleedThrough = { text: 'YOLO', color: theme.status.error };
-      break;
-    case ApprovalMode.PLAN:
-      modeBleedThrough = { text: 'plan', color: theme.status.success };
-      break;
-    case ApprovalMode.AUTO_EDIT:
-      modeBleedThrough = { text: 'auto edit', color: theme.status.warning };
-      break;
-    case ApprovalMode.DEFAULT:
-      modeBleedThrough = null;
-      break;
-    default:
-      checkExhaustive(showApprovalModeIndicator);
-      modeBleedThrough = null;
-      break;
-  }
-
-  const hideMinimalModeHintWhileBusy =
-    !showUiDetails && (showLoadingIndicator || hasPendingActionRequired);
-
-  // Universal Content Objects
-  const modeContentObj = hideMinimalModeHintWhileBusy ? null : modeBleedThrough;
-
-  const allHooks = uiState.activeHooks;
-  const hasAnyHooks = allHooks.length > 0;
-  const userVisibleHooks = allHooks.filter((h) => isUserVisibleHook(h.source));
-  const hasUserVisibleHooks = userVisibleHooks.length > 0;
-
-  const shouldReserveSpaceForShortcutsHint =
-    settings.merged.ui.showShortcutsHint &&
-    !hideUiDetailsForSuggestions &&
-    !hasPendingActionRequired;
-
-  const isInteractiveShellWaiting = uiState.currentLoadingPhrase?.includes(
-    INTERACTIVE_SHELL_WAITING_PHRASE,
-  );
-
-  /**
-   * Calculate the estimated length of the status message to avoid collisions
-   * with the tips area.
-   */
-  let estimatedStatusLength = 0;
-  if (hasAnyHooks) {
-    if (hasUserVisibleHooks) {
-      const hookLabel =
-        userVisibleHooks.length > 1 ? 'Executing Hooks' : 'Executing Hook';
-      const hookNames = userVisibleHooks
-        .map(
-          (h) =>
-            h.name +
-            (h.index && h.total && h.total > 1
-              ? ` (${h.index}/${h.total})`
-              : ''),
-        )
-        .join(', ');
-      estimatedStatusLength = hookLabel.length + hookNames.length + 10;
-    } else {
-      estimatedStatusLength = GENERIC_WORKING_LABEL.length + 10;
-    }
-  } else if (showLoadingIndicator) {
-    const thoughtText = uiState.thought?.subject || GENERIC_WORKING_LABEL;
-    const inlineWittyLength =
-      showWit && uiState.currentWittyPhrase
-        ? uiState.currentWittyPhrase.length + 1
-        : 0;
-    estimatedStatusLength = thoughtText.length + 25 + inlineWittyLength;
-  } else if (hasPendingActionRequired) {
-    estimatedStatusLength = 20;
-  } else if (hasToast) {
-    estimatedStatusLength = 40;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Determine the ambient text (tip) to display.
-   */
-  const tipContentStr = (() => {
-    // 1. Proactive Tip (Priority)
-    if (
-      showTips &&
-      uiState.currentTip &&
-      !(
-        isInteractiveShellWaiting &&
-        uiState.currentTip === INTERACTIVE_SHELL_WAITING_PHRASE
-      )
-    ) {
-      if (
-        estimatedStatusLength + uiState.currentTip.length + 10 <=
-        terminalWidth
-      ) {
-        return uiState.currentTip;
-      }
-    }
-
-    // 2. Shortcut Hint (Fallback)
-    if (
-      settings.merged.ui.showShortcutsHint &&
-      !hideUiDetailsForSuggestions &&
-      !hasPendingActionRequired &&
-      uiState.buffer.text.length === 0
-    ) {
-      return showUiDetails ? '? for shortcuts' : 'press tab twice for more';
-    }
-
-    return undefined;
-  })();
-
-  const tipLength = tipContentStr?.length || 0;
-  const willCollideTip = estimatedStatusLength + tipLength + 5 > terminalWidth;
-
-  const showTipLine =
-    !hasPendingActionRequired && tipContentStr && !willCollideTip && !isNarrow;
 
   // Mini Mode VIP Flags (Pure Content Triggers)
-  const miniMode_ShowApprovalMode =
-    Boolean(modeContentObj) && !hideUiDetailsForSuggestions;
-  const miniMode_ShowToast = hasToast;
-  const miniMode_ShowShortcuts = shouldReserveSpaceForShortcutsHint;
-  const miniMode_ShowStatus = showLoadingIndicator || hasAnyHooks;
-  const miniMode_ShowTip = showTipLine;
-  const miniMode_ShowContext = isContextUsageHigh(
-    uiState.sessionStats.lastPromptTokenCount,
-    uiState.currentModel,
-    settings.merged.model?.compressionThreshold,
-  );
-
-  // Composite Mini Mode Triggers
-  const showRow1_MiniMode =
-    miniMode_ShowToast ||
-    miniMode_ShowStatus ||
-    miniMode_ShowShortcuts ||
-    miniMode_ShowTip;
-
-  const showRow2_MiniMode = miniMode_ShowApprovalMode || miniMode_ShowContext;
-
-  // Final Display Rules (Stable Footer Architecture)
-  const showRow1 = showUiDetails || showRow1_MiniMode;
-  const showRow2 = showUiDetails || showRow2_MiniMode;
-
-  const showMinimalBleedThroughRow = !showUiDetails && showRow2_MiniMode;
-
-  const renderTipNode = () => {
-    if (!tipContentStr) return null;
-
-    const isShortcutHint =
-      tipContentStr === '? for shortcuts' ||
-      tipContentStr === 'press tab twice for more';
-    const color =
-      isShortcutHint && uiState.shortcutsHelpVisible
-        ? theme.text.accent
-        : theme.text.secondary;
-
-    return (
-      <Box flexDirection="row" justifyContent="flex-end">
-        <Text
-          color={color}
-          wrap="truncate-end"
-          italic={
-            !isShortcutHint && tipContentStr === uiState.currentWittyPhrase
-          }
-        >
-          {tipContentStr === uiState.currentTip
-            ? `Tip: ${tipContentStr}`
-            : tipContentStr}
-        </Text>
-      </Box>
-    );
-  };
-
-  const renderStatusNode = () => {
-    const allHooks = uiState.activeHooks;
-    if (allHooks.length === 0 && !showLoadingIndicator) return null;
-
-    if (allHooks.length > 0) {
-      const userVisibleHooks = allHooks.filter((h) =>
-        isUserVisibleHook(h.source),
-      );
-
-      let hookText = GENERIC_WORKING_LABEL;
-      if (userVisibleHooks.length > 0) {
-        const label =
-          userVisibleHooks.length > 1 ? 'Executing Hooks' : 'Executing Hook';
-        const displayNames = userVisibleHooks.map((h) => {
-          let name = h.name;
-          if (h.index && h.total && h.total > 1) {
-            name += ` (${h.index}/${h.total})`;
-          }
-          return name;
-        });
-        hookText = `${label}: ${displayNames.join(', ')}`;
-      }
-
-      return (
-        <LoadingIndicator
-          inline
-          showTips={showTips}
-          showWit={showWit}
-          errorVerbosity={settings.merged.ui.errorVerbosity}
-          currentLoadingPhrase={hookText}
-          elapsedTime={uiState.elapsedTime}
-          forceRealStatusOnly={false}
-          wittyPhrase={uiState.currentWittyPhrase}
-        />
-      );
-    }
-
-    return (
-      <LoadingIndicator
-        inline
-        showTips={showTips}
-        showWit={showWit}
-        errorVerbosity={settings.merged.ui.errorVerbosity}
-        thought={uiState.thought}
-        elapsedTime={uiState.elapsedTime}
-        forceRealStatusOnly={false}
-        wittyPhrase={uiState.currentWittyPhrase}
-      />
-    );
-  };
-
-  const statusNode = renderStatusNode();
-
-  /**
-   * Renders the minimal metadata row content shown when UI details are hidden.
-   */
-  const renderMinimalMetaRowContent = () => (
-    <Box flexDirection="row" columnGap={1}>
-      {renderStatusNode()}
-      {showMinimalBleedThroughRow && (
-        <Box>
-          {miniMode_ShowApprovalMode && modeContentObj && (
-            <Text color={modeContentObj.color}>● {modeContentObj.text}</Text>
-          )}
-        </Box>
-      )}
-    </Box>
-  );
-
-  const renderStatusRow = () => {
-    // Mini Mode Height Reservation (The "Anti-Jitter" line)
-    if (!showUiDetails && !showRow1_MiniMode && !showRow2_MiniMode) {
-      return <Box height={1} />;
-    }
-
-    return (
-      <Box flexDirection="column" width="100%">
-        {/* Row 1: multipurpose status (thinking, hooks, wit, tips) */}
-        {showRow1 && (
-          <Box
-            width="100%"
-            flexDirection="row"
-            alignItems="center"
-            justifyContent="space-between"
-            minHeight={1}
-          >
-            <Box flexDirection="row" flexGrow={1} flexShrink={1}>
-              {!showUiDetails && showRow1_MiniMode ? (
-                renderMinimalMetaRowContent()
-              ) : isInteractiveShellWaiting ? (
-                <Box width="100%" marginLeft={1}>
-                  <Text color={theme.status.warning}>
-                    ! Shell awaiting input (Tab to focus)
-                  </Text>
-                </Box>
-              ) : (
-                <Box
-                  flexDirection="row"
-                  alignItems={isNarrow ? 'flex-start' : 'center'}
-                  flexGrow={1}
-                  flexShrink={0}
-                  marginLeft={1}
-                >
-                  {statusNode}
-                </Box>
-              )}
-            </Box>
-
-            <Box flexShrink={0} marginLeft={2} marginRight={isNarrow ? 0 : 1}>
-              {!isNarrow && showTipLine && renderTipNode()}
-            </Box>
-          </Box>
-        )}
-
-        {/* Internal Separator Line */}
-        {showRow1 &&
-          showRow2 &&
-          (showUiDetails || (showRow1_MiniMode && showRow2_MiniMode)) && (
-            <Box width="100%">
-              <HorizontalLine dim />
-            </Box>
-          )}
-
-        {/* Row 2: Mode and Context Summary */}
-        {showRow2 && (
-          <Box
-            width="100%"
-            flexDirection={isNarrow ? 'column' : 'row'}
-            alignItems={isNarrow ? 'flex-start' : 'center'}
-            justifyContent="space-between"
-          >
-            <Box flexDirection="row" alignItems="center" marginLeft={1}>
-              {showUiDetails ? (
-                <>
-                  {showApprovalIndicator && (
-                    <ApprovalModeIndicator
-                      approvalMode={showApprovalModeIndicator}
-                      allowPlanMode={uiState.allowPlanMode}
-                    />
-                  )}
-                  {uiState.shellModeActive && (
-                    <Box
-                      marginLeft={showApprovalIndicator && !isNarrow ? 1 : 0}
-                      marginTop={showApprovalIndicator && isNarrow ? 1 : 0}
-                    >
-                      <ShellModeIndicator />
-                    </Box>
-                  )}
-                  {showRawMarkdownIndicator && (
-                    <Box
-                      marginLeft={
-                        (showApprovalIndicator || uiState.shellModeActive) &&
-                        !isNarrow
-                          ? 1
-                          : 0
-                      }
-                      marginTop={
-                        (showApprovalIndicator || uiState.shellModeActive) &&
-                        isNarrow
-                          ? 1
-                          : 0
-                      }
-                    >
-                      <RawMarkdownIndicator />
-                    </Box>
-                  )}
-                </>
-              ) : (
-                miniMode_ShowApprovalMode &&
-                modeContentObj && (
-                  <Text color={modeContentObj.color}>
-                    ● {modeContentObj.text}
-                  </Text>
-                )
-              )}
-            </Box>
-            <Box
-              marginTop={isNarrow ? 1 : 0}
-              flexDirection="row"
-              alignItems="center"
-              marginLeft={isNarrow ? 1 : 0}
-            >
-              {(showUiDetails || miniMode_ShowContext) && (
-                <StatusDisplay hideContextSummary={hideContextSummary} />
-              )}
-              {miniMode_ShowContext && !showUiDetails && (
-                <Box marginLeft={1}>
-                  <ContextUsageDisplay
-                    promptTokenCount={uiState.sessionStats.lastPromptTokenCount}
-                    model={
-                      typeof uiState.currentModel === 'string'
-                        ? uiState.currentModel
-                        : undefined
-                    }
-                    terminalWidth={uiState.terminalWidth}
-                  />
-                </Box>
-              )}
-            </Box>
-          </Box>
-        )}
-      </Box>
-    );
-  };
+  const showMinimalToast = hasToast;
 
   return (
     <Box
@@ -530,14 +100,21 @@ export const Composer = ({ isFocused = true }: { isFocused?: boolean }) => {
 
       {showShortcutsHelp && <ShortcutsHelp />}
 
-      {(showUiDetails || miniMode_ShowToast) && (
+      {(showUiDetails || showMinimalToast) && (
         <Box minHeight={1} marginLeft={isNarrow ? 0 : 1}>
           <ToastDisplay />
         </Box>
       )}
 
       <Box width="100%" flexDirection="column">
-        {renderStatusRow()}
+        <StatusRow
+          showUiDetails={showUiDetails}
+          isNarrow={isNarrow}
+          terminalWidth={terminalWidth}
+          hideContextSummary={hideContextSummary}
+          hideUiDetailsForSuggestions={hideUiDetailsForSuggestions}
+          hasPendingActionRequired={hasPendingActionRequired}
+        />
       </Box>
 
       {showUiDetails && uiState.showErrorDetails && (
@@ -569,7 +146,7 @@ export const Composer = ({ isFocused = true }: { isFocused?: boolean }) => {
           commandContext={uiState.commandContext}
           shellModeActive={uiState.shellModeActive}
           setShellModeActive={uiActions.setShellModeActive}
-          approvalMode={showApprovalModeIndicator}
+          approvalMode={uiState.showApprovalModeIndicator}
           onEscapePromptChange={uiActions.onEscapePromptChange}
           focus={isFocused}
           vimHandleInput={uiActions.vimHandleInput}
@@ -588,12 +165,15 @@ export const Composer = ({ isFocused = true }: { isFocused?: boolean }) => {
           streamingState={uiState.streamingState}
           suggestionsPosition={suggestionsPosition}
           onSuggestionsVisibilityChange={setSuggestionsVisible}
+          copyModeEnabled={uiState.copyModeEnabled}
         />
       )}
 
       {showUiDetails &&
         !settings.merged.ui.hideFooter &&
-        !isScreenReaderEnabled && <Footer />}
+        !isScreenReaderEnabled && (
+          <Footer copyModeEnabled={uiState.copyModeEnabled} />
+        )}
     </Box>
   );
 };

packages/cli/src/ui/components/CopyModeWarning.tsx

@@ -12,16 +12,14 @@ import { theme } from '../semantic-colors.js';
 export const CopyModeWarning: React.FC = () => {
   const { copyModeEnabled } = useUIState();
 
-  if (!copyModeEnabled) {
-    return null;
-  }
-
   return (
-    <Box>
-      <Text color={theme.status.warning}>
-        In Copy Mode. Use Page Up/Down to scroll. Press Ctrl+S or any other key
-        to exit.
-      </Text>
+    <Box height={1}>
+      {copyModeEnabled && (
+        <Text color={theme.status.warning}>
+          In Copy Mode. Use Page Up/Down to scroll. Press Ctrl+S or any other
+          key to exit.
+        </Text>
+      )}
     </Box>
   );
 };

packages/cli/src/ui/components/Footer.tsx

@@ -175,12 +175,18 @@ interface FooterColumn {
   isHighPriority: boolean;
 }
 
-export const Footer: React.FC = () => {
+export const Footer: React.FC<{ copyModeEnabled?: boolean }> = ({
+  copyModeEnabled = false,
+}) => {
   const uiState = useUIState();
   const config = useConfig();
   const settings = useSettings();
   const { vimEnabled, vimMode } = useVimMode();
 
+  if (copyModeEnabled) {
+    return <Box height={1} />;
+  }
+
   const {
     model,
     targetDir,
@@ -353,7 +359,17 @@ export const Footer: React.FC = () => {
         break;
       }
       case 'memory-usage': {
-        addCol(id, header, () => <MemoryUsageDisplay color={itemColor} />, 10);
+        addCol(
+          id,
+          header,
+          () => (
+            <MemoryUsageDisplay
+              color={itemColor}
+              isActive={!uiState.copyModeEnabled}
+            />
+          ),
+          10,
+        );
         break;
       }
       case 'session-id': {

packages/cli/src/ui/components/InputPrompt.test.tsx

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ import type { UIState } from '../contexts/UIStateContext.js';
 import { isLowColorDepth } from '../utils/terminalUtils.js';
 import { cpLen } from '../utils/textUtils.js';
 import { defaultKeyMatchers, Command } from '../key/keyMatchers.js';
-import type { Key } from '../hooks/useKeypress.js';
+import { useKeypress, type Key } from '../hooks/useKeypress.js';
 import {
   appEvents,
   AppEvent,
@@ -163,6 +163,18 @@ describe('InputPrompt', () => {
   let mockBuffer: TextBuffer;
   let mockCommandContext: CommandContext;
 
+  const GlobalEscapeHandler = ({ onEscape }: { onEscape: () => void }) => {
+    useKeypress(
+      (key) => {
+        if (key.name !== 'escape') return false;
+        onEscape();
+        return true;
+      },
+      { isActive: true, priority: false },
+    );
+    return null;
+  };
+
   const mockedUseShellHistory = vi.mocked(useShellHistory);
   const mockedUseCommandCompletion = vi.mocked(useCommandCompletion);
   const mockedUseInputHistory = vi.mocked(useInputHistory);
@@ -2770,6 +2782,54 @@ describe('InputPrompt', () => {
       unmount();
     });
 
+    it('should not propagate ESC to global cancellation handler when shell mode is active (responding)', async () => {
+      props.shellModeActive = true;
+      props.streamingState = StreamingState.Responding;
+      const onGlobalEscape = vi.fn();
+
+      const { stdin, unmount } = await renderWithProviders(
+        <>
+          <GlobalEscapeHandler onEscape={onGlobalEscape} />
+          <InputPrompt {...props} />
+        </>,
+      );
+
+      await act(async () => {
+        stdin.write('\x1B');
+        vi.advanceTimersByTime(100);
+      });
+
+      await waitFor(() => {
+        expect(props.setShellModeActive).toHaveBeenCalledWith(false);
+      });
+      expect(onGlobalEscape).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      unmount();
+    });
+
+    it('should allow ESC to reach global cancellation handler when responding and no overlay is active', async () => {
+      props.shellModeActive = false;
+      props.streamingState = StreamingState.Responding;
+      const onGlobalEscape = vi.fn();
+
+      const { stdin, unmount } = await renderWithProviders(
+        <>
+          <GlobalEscapeHandler onEscape={onGlobalEscape} />
+          <InputPrompt {...props} />
+        </>,
+      );
+
+      await act(async () => {
+        stdin.write('\x1B');
+        vi.advanceTimersByTime(100);
+      });
+
+      await waitFor(() => {
+        expect(onGlobalEscape).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      });
+      expect(props.setShellModeActive).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      unmount();
+    });
+
     it('should handle ESC when completion suggestions are showing', async () => {
       mockedUseCommandCompletion.mockReturnValue({
         ...mockCommandCompletion,

packages/cli/src/ui/components/InputPrompt.tsx

@@ -119,6 +119,7 @@ export interface InputPromptProps {
   popAllMessages?: () => string | undefined;
   suggestionsPosition?: 'above' | 'below';
   setBannerVisible: (visible: boolean) => void;
+  copyModeEnabled?: boolean;
 }
 
 // The input content, input container, and input suggestions list may have different widths
@@ -212,6 +213,7 @@ export const InputPrompt: React.FC<InputPromptProps> = ({
   popAllMessages,
   suggestionsPosition = 'below',
   setBannerVisible,
+  copyModeEnabled = false,
 }) => {
   const isHelpDismissKey = useIsHelpDismissKey();
   const keyMatchers = useKeyMatchers();
@@ -331,7 +333,8 @@ export const InputPrompt: React.FC<InputPromptProps> = ({
     isShellSuggestionsVisible,
   } = completion;
 
-  const showCursor = focus && isShellFocused && !isEmbeddedShellFocused;
+  const showCursor =
+    focus && isShellFocused && !isEmbeddedShellFocused && !copyModeEnabled;
 
   // Notify parent component about escape prompt state changes
   useEffect(() => {
@@ -683,13 +686,9 @@ export const InputPrompt: React.FC<InputPromptProps> = ({
         return true;
       }
 
-      if (
-        key.name === 'escape' &&
-        (streamingState === StreamingState.Responding ||
-          streamingState === StreamingState.WaitingForConfirmation)
-      ) {
-        return false;
-      }
+      const isGenerating =
+        streamingState === StreamingState.Responding ||
+        streamingState === StreamingState.WaitingForConfirmation;
 
       const isPlainTab =
         key.name === 'tab' && !key.shift && !key.alt && !key.ctrl && !key.cmd;
@@ -874,6 +873,12 @@ export const InputPrompt: React.FC<InputPromptProps> = ({
           return true;
         }
 
+        // If we're generating and no local overlay consumed Escape, let it
+        // propagate to the global cancellation handler.
+        if (isGenerating) {
+          return false;
+        }
+
         handleEscPress();
         return true;
       }

packages/cli/src/ui/components/MainContent.test.tsx

@@ -21,6 +21,10 @@ import {
   type UIState,
 } from '../contexts/UIStateContext.js';
 import { type IndividualToolCallDisplay } from '../types.js';
+import {
+  type ConfirmingToolState,
+  useConfirmingTool,
+} from '../hooks/useConfirmingTool.js';
 
 // Mock dependencies
 const mockUseSettings = vi.fn().mockReturnValue({
@@ -53,6 +57,10 @@ vi.mock('../hooks/useAlternateBuffer.js', () => ({
   useAlternateBuffer: vi.fn(),
 }));
 
+vi.mock('../hooks/useConfirmingTool.js', () => ({
+  useConfirmingTool: vi.fn(),
+}));
+
 vi.mock('./AppHeader.js', () => ({
   AppHeader: ({ showDetails = true }: { showDetails?: boolean }) => (
     <Text>{showDetails ? 'AppHeader(full)' : 'AppHeader(minimal)'}</Text>
@@ -503,6 +511,54 @@ describe('MainContent', () => {
     unmount();
   });
 
+  it('renders a subagent with a complete box including bottom border', async () => {
+    const subagentCall = {
+      callId: 'subagent-1',
+      name: 'codebase_investigator',
+      description: 'Investigating codebase',
+      status: CoreToolCallStatus.Executing,
+      kind: 'agent',
+      resultDisplay: {
+        isSubagentProgress: true,
+        agentName: 'codebase_investigator',
+        recentActivity: [
+          {
+            id: '1',
+            type: 'tool_call',
+            content: 'run_shell_command',
+            args: '{"command": "echo hello"}',
+            status: 'running',
+          },
+        ],
+        state: 'running',
+      },
+    } as Partial<IndividualToolCallDisplay> as IndividualToolCallDisplay;
+
+    const uiState = {
+      ...defaultMockUiState,
+      history: [{ id: 1, type: 'user', text: 'Investigate' }],
+      pendingHistoryItems: [
+        {
+          type: 'tool_group' as const,
+          tools: [subagentCall],
+          borderBottom: true,
+        },
+      ],
+    };
+
+    const { lastFrame, unmount } = await renderWithProviders(<MainContent />, {
+      uiState: uiState as Partial<UIState>,
+      config: makeFakeConfig({ useAlternateBuffer: false }),
+    });
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(lastFrame()).toContain('codebase_investigator');
+    });
+
+    expect(lastFrame()).toMatchSnapshot();
+    unmount();
+  });
+
   it('renders a split tool group without a gap between static and pending areas', async () => {
     const toolCalls = [
       {
@@ -547,13 +603,124 @@ describe('MainContent', () => {
     const { lastFrame, unmount } = await renderWithProviders(<MainContent />, {
       uiState: uiState as Partial<UIState>,
     });
-    const output = lastFrame();
-    // Verify Part 1 and Part 2 are rendered.
-    expect(output).toContain('Part 1');
-    expect(output).toContain('Part 2');
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      const output = lastFrame();
+      // Verify Part 1 and Part 2 are rendered.
+      expect(output).toContain('Part 1');
+      expect(output).toContain('Part 2');
+    });
 
     // The snapshot will be the best way to verify there is no gap (empty line) between them.
-    expect(output).toMatchSnapshot();
+    expect(lastFrame()).toMatchSnapshot();
+    unmount();
+  });
+
+  it('renders a ToolConfirmationQueue without an extra line when preceded by hidden tools', async () => {
+    const { ApprovalMode, WRITE_FILE_DISPLAY_NAME } = await import(
+      '@google/gemini-cli-core'
+    );
+    const hiddenToolCalls = [
+      {
+        callId: 'tool-hidden',
+        name: WRITE_FILE_DISPLAY_NAME,
+        approvalMode: ApprovalMode.PLAN,
+        status: CoreToolCallStatus.Success,
+        resultDisplay: 'Hidden content',
+      } as Partial<IndividualToolCallDisplay> as IndividualToolCallDisplay,
+    ];
+
+    const confirmingTool = {
+      tool: {
+        callId: 'call-1',
+        name: 'exit_plan_mode',
+        status: CoreToolCallStatus.AwaitingApproval,
+        confirmationDetails: {
+          type: 'exit_plan_mode' as const,
+          planPath: '/path/to/plan',
+        },
+      },
+      index: 1,
+      total: 1,
+    };
+
+    const uiState = {
+      ...defaultMockUiState,
+      history: [{ id: 1, type: 'user', text: 'Apply plan' }],
+      pendingHistoryItems: [
+        {
+          type: 'tool_group' as const,
+          tools: hiddenToolCalls,
+          borderBottom: true,
+        },
+      ],
+    };
+
+    // We need to mock useConfirmingTool to return our confirmingTool
+    vi.mocked(useConfirmingTool).mockReturnValue(
+      confirmingTool as unknown as ConfirmingToolState,
+    );
+
+    mockUseSettings.mockReturnValue(
+      createMockSettings({
+        security: { enablePermanentToolApproval: true },
+        ui: { errorVerbosity: 'full' },
+      }),
+    );
+
+    const { lastFrame, unmount } = await renderWithProviders(<MainContent />, {
+      uiState: uiState as Partial<UIState>,
+      config: makeFakeConfig({ useAlternateBuffer: false }),
+    });
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      const output = lastFrame();
+      // The output should NOT contain 'Hidden content'
+      expect(output).not.toContain('Hidden content');
+      // The output should contain the confirmation header
+      expect(output).toContain('Ready to start implementation?');
+    });
+
+    // Snapshot will reveal if there are extra blank lines
+    expect(lastFrame()).toMatchSnapshot();
+    unmount();
+  });
+
+  it('renders a spurious line when a tool group has only hidden tools and borderBottom true', async () => {
+    const { ApprovalMode, WRITE_FILE_DISPLAY_NAME } = await import(
+      '@google/gemini-cli-core'
+    );
+    const uiState = {
+      ...defaultMockUiState,
+      history: [{ id: 1, type: 'user', text: 'Apply plan' }],
+      pendingHistoryItems: [
+        {
+          type: 'tool_group' as const,
+          tools: [
+            {
+              callId: 'tool-1',
+              name: WRITE_FILE_DISPLAY_NAME,
+              approvalMode: ApprovalMode.PLAN,
+              status: CoreToolCallStatus.Success,
+              resultDisplay: 'hidden',
+            } as Partial<IndividualToolCallDisplay> as IndividualToolCallDisplay,
+          ],
+          borderBottom: true,
+        },
+      ],
+    };
+
+    const { lastFrame, unmount } = await renderWithProviders(<MainContent />, {
+      uiState: uiState as Partial<UIState>,
+      config: makeFakeConfig({ useAlternateBuffer: false }),
+    });
+
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(lastFrame()).toContain('Apply plan');
+    });
+
+    // This snapshot will show no spurious line because the group is now correctly suppressed.
+    expect(lastFrame()).toMatchSnapshot();
     unmount();
   });
 

packages/cli/src/ui/components/MemoryUsageDisplay.tsx

@@ -11,13 +11,18 @@ import { theme } from '../semantic-colors.js';
 import process from 'node:process';
 import { formatBytes } from '../utils/formatters.js';
 
-export const MemoryUsageDisplay: React.FC<{ color?: string }> = ({
-  color = theme.text.primary,
-}) => {
+export const MemoryUsageDisplay: React.FC<{
+  color?: string;
+  isActive?: boolean;
+}> = ({ color = theme.text.primary, isActive = true }) => {
   const [memoryUsage, setMemoryUsage] = useState<string>('');
   const [memoryUsageColor, setMemoryUsageColor] = useState<string>(color);
 
   useEffect(() => {
+    if (!isActive) {
+      return;
+    }
+
     const updateMemory = () => {
       const usage = process.memoryUsage().rss;
       setMemoryUsage(formatBytes(usage));
@@ -25,10 +30,11 @@ export const MemoryUsageDisplay: React.FC<{ color?: string }> = ({
         usage >= 2 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024 ? theme.status.error : color,
       );
     };
+
     const intervalId = setInterval(updateMemory, 2000);
     updateMemory(); // Initial update
     return () => clearInterval(intervalId);
-  }, [color]);
+  }, [color, isActive]);
 
   return (
     <Box>

packages/cli/src/ui/components/ModelDialog.test.tsx

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ describe('<ModelDialog />', () => {
   const mockOnClose = vi.fn();
   const mockGetHasAccessToPreviewModel = vi.fn();
   const mockGetGemini31LaunchedSync = vi.fn();
+  const mockGetGemini31FlashLiteLaunchedSync = vi.fn();
   const mockGetProModelNoAccess = vi.fn();
   const mockGetProModelNoAccessSync = vi.fn();
   const mockGetUserTier = vi.fn();
@@ -63,6 +64,7 @@ describe('<ModelDialog />', () => {
     getHasAccessToPreviewModel: () => boolean;
     getIdeMode: () => boolean;
     getGemini31LaunchedSync: () => boolean;
+    getGemini31FlashLiteLaunchedSync: () => boolean;
     getProModelNoAccess: () => Promise<boolean>;
     getProModelNoAccessSync: () => boolean;
     getUserTier: () => UserTierId | undefined;
@@ -74,6 +76,7 @@ describe('<ModelDialog />', () => {
     getHasAccessToPreviewModel: mockGetHasAccessToPreviewModel,
     getIdeMode: () => false,
     getGemini31LaunchedSync: mockGetGemini31LaunchedSync,
+    getGemini31FlashLiteLaunchedSync: mockGetGemini31FlashLiteLaunchedSync,
     getProModelNoAccess: mockGetProModelNoAccess,
     getProModelNoAccessSync: mockGetProModelNoAccessSync,
     getUserTier: mockGetUserTier,
@@ -84,6 +87,7 @@ describe('<ModelDialog />', () => {
     mockGetModel.mockReturnValue(DEFAULT_GEMINI_MODEL_AUTO);
     mockGetHasAccessToPreviewModel.mockReturnValue(false);
     mockGetGemini31LaunchedSync.mockReturnValue(false);
+    mockGetGemini31FlashLiteLaunchedSync.mockReturnValue(false);
     mockGetProModelNoAccess.mockResolvedValue(false);
     mockGetProModelNoAccessSync.mockReturnValue(false);
     mockGetUserTier.mockReturnValue(UserTierId.STANDARD);
@@ -131,6 +135,7 @@ describe('<ModelDialog />', () => {
     mockGetProModelNoAccessSync.mockReturnValue(true);
     mockGetProModelNoAccess.mockResolvedValue(true);
     mockGetHasAccessToPreviewModel.mockReturnValue(true);
+    mockGetGemini31FlashLiteLaunchedSync.mockReturnValue(true);
     mockGetUserTier.mockReturnValue(UserTierId.FREE);
     mockGetDisplayString.mockImplementation((val: string) => val);
 
@@ -463,6 +468,7 @@ describe('<ModelDialog />', () => {
       mockGetProModelNoAccessSync.mockReturnValue(false);
       mockGetProModelNoAccess.mockResolvedValue(false);
       mockGetHasAccessToPreviewModel.mockReturnValue(true);
+      mockGetGemini31FlashLiteLaunchedSync.mockReturnValue(true);
       mockGetUserTier.mockReturnValue(UserTierId.FREE);
       const { lastFrame, stdin, waitUntilReady, unmount } =
         await renderComponent();

packages/cli/src/ui/components/ModelDialog.tsx

@@ -63,6 +63,8 @@ export function ModelDialog({ onClose }: ModelDialogProps): React.JSX.Element {
 
   const shouldShowPreviewModels = config?.getHasAccessToPreviewModel();
   const useGemini31 = config?.getGemini31LaunchedSync?.() ?? false;
+  const useGemini31FlashLite =
+    config?.getGemini31FlashLiteLaunchedSync?.() ?? false;
   const selectedAuthType = settings.merged.security.auth.selectedType;
   const useCustomToolModel =
     useGemini31 && selectedAuthType === AuthType.USE_GEMINI;
@@ -86,6 +88,7 @@ export function ModelDialog({ onClose }: ModelDialogProps): React.JSX.Element {
       PREVIEW_GEMINI_MODEL,
       PREVIEW_GEMINI_3_1_MODEL,
       PREVIEW_GEMINI_3_1_CUSTOM_TOOLS_MODEL,
+      PREVIEW_GEMINI_3_1_FLASH_LITE_MODEL,
       PREVIEW_GEMINI_FLASH_MODEL,
     ];
     if (manualModels.includes(preferredModel)) {
@@ -210,7 +213,10 @@ export function ModelDialog({ onClose }: ModelDialogProps): React.JSX.Element {
 
           // Flag Guard: Versioned models only show if their flag is active.
           if (id === PREVIEW_GEMINI_3_1_MODEL && !useGemini31) return false;
-          if (id === PREVIEW_GEMINI_3_1_FLASH_LITE_MODEL && !useGemini31)
+          if (
+            id === PREVIEW_GEMINI_3_1_FLASH_LITE_MODEL &&
+            !useGemini31FlashLite
+          )
             return false;
 
           return true;
@@ -218,11 +224,13 @@ export function ModelDialog({ onClose }: ModelDialogProps): React.JSX.Element {
         .map(([id, m]) => {
           const resolvedId = config.modelConfigService.resolveModelId(id, {
             useGemini3_1: useGemini31,
+            useGemini3_1FlashLite: useGemini31FlashLite,
             useCustomTools: useCustomToolModel,
           });
           // Title ID is the resolved ID without custom tools flag
           const titleId = config.modelConfigService.resolveModelId(id, {
             useGemini3_1: useGemini31,
+            useGemini3_1FlashLite: useGemini31FlashLite,
           });
           return {
             value: resolvedId,
@@ -284,7 +292,7 @@ export function ModelDialog({ onClose }: ModelDialogProps): React.JSX.Element {
         },
       ];
 
-      if (isFreeTier) {
+      if (isFreeTier && useGemini31FlashLite) {
         previewOptions.push({
           value: PREVIEW_GEMINI_3_1_FLASH_LITE_MODEL,
           title: getDisplayString(PREVIEW_GEMINI_3_1_FLASH_LITE_MODEL),
@@ -304,6 +312,7 @@ export function ModelDialog({ onClose }: ModelDialogProps): React.JSX.Element {
   }, [
     shouldShowPreviewModels,
     useGemini31,
+    useGemini31FlashLite,
     useCustomToolModel,
     hasAccessToProModel,
     config,

packages/cli/src/ui/components/StatsDisplay.tsx

@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ const buildModelRows = (
   config: Config,
   quotas?: RetrieveUserQuotaResponse,
   useGemini3_1 = false,
+  useGemini3_1FlashLite = false,
   useCustomToolModel = false,
 ) => {
   const getBaseModelName = (name: string) => name.replace('-001', '');
@@ -124,7 +125,12 @@ const buildModelRows = (
       ?.filter(
         (b) =>
           b.modelId &&
-          isActiveModel(b.modelId, useGemini3_1, useCustomToolModel) &&
+          isActiveModel(
+            b.modelId,
+            useGemini3_1,
+            useGemini3_1FlashLite,
+            useCustomToolModel,
+          ) &&
           !usedModelNames.has(getDisplayString(b.modelId, config)),
       )
       .map((bucket) => ({
@@ -152,6 +158,7 @@ const ModelUsageTable: React.FC<{
   pooledLimit?: number;
   pooledResetTime?: string;
   useGemini3_1?: boolean;
+  useGemini3_1FlashLite?: boolean;
   useCustomToolModel?: boolean;
 }> = ({
   models,
@@ -164,6 +171,7 @@ const ModelUsageTable: React.FC<{
   pooledLimit,
   pooledResetTime,
   useGemini3_1,
+  useGemini3_1FlashLite,
   useCustomToolModel,
 }) => {
   const { stdout } = useStdout();
@@ -173,6 +181,7 @@ const ModelUsageTable: React.FC<{
     config,
     quotas,
     useGemini3_1,
+    useGemini3_1FlashLite,
     useCustomToolModel,
   );
 
@@ -541,6 +550,8 @@ export const StatsDisplay: React.FC<StatsDisplayProps> = ({
   const settings = useSettings();
   const config = useConfig();
   const useGemini3_1 = config.getGemini31LaunchedSync?.() ?? false;
+  const useGemini3_1FlashLite =
+    config.getGemini31FlashLiteLaunchedSync?.() ?? false;
   const useCustomToolModel =
     useGemini3_1 &&
     config.getContentGeneratorConfig().authType === AuthType.USE_GEMINI;
@@ -697,6 +708,7 @@ export const StatsDisplay: React.FC<StatsDisplayProps> = ({
         pooledLimit={pooledLimit}
         pooledResetTime={pooledResetTime}
         useGemini3_1={useGemini3_1}
+        useGemini3_1FlashLite={useGemini3_1FlashLite}
         useCustomToolModel={useCustomToolModel}
       />
       {renderFooter()}

packages/cli/src/ui/components/StatusRow.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,424 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2026 Google LLC
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+import type React from 'react';
+import { useCallback, useRef, useState } from 'react';
+import { Box, Text, ResizeObserver, type DOMElement } from 'ink';
+import {
+  isUserVisibleHook,
+  type ThoughtSummary,
+} from '@google/gemini-cli-core';
+import stripAnsi from 'strip-ansi';
+import { type ActiveHook } from '../types.js';
+import { useUIState } from '../contexts/UIStateContext.js';
+import { useSettings } from '../contexts/SettingsContext.js';
+import { theme } from '../semantic-colors.js';
+import { GENERIC_WORKING_LABEL } from '../textConstants.js';
+import { INTERACTIVE_SHELL_WAITING_PHRASE } from '../hooks/usePhraseCycler.js';
+import { LoadingIndicator } from './LoadingIndicator.js';
+import { StatusDisplay } from './StatusDisplay.js';
+import { ContextUsageDisplay } from './ContextUsageDisplay.js';
+import { HorizontalLine } from './shared/HorizontalLine.js';
+import { ApprovalModeIndicator } from './ApprovalModeIndicator.js';
+import { ShellModeIndicator } from './ShellModeIndicator.js';
+import { RawMarkdownIndicator } from './RawMarkdownIndicator.js';
+import { useComposerStatus } from '../hooks/useComposerStatus.js';
+
+/**
+ * Layout constants to prevent magic numbers.
+ */
+const LAYOUT = {
+  STATUS_MIN_HEIGHT: 1,
+  TIP_LEFT_MARGIN: 2,
+  TIP_RIGHT_MARGIN_NARROW: 0,
+  TIP_RIGHT_MARGIN_WIDE: 1,
+  INDICATOR_LEFT_MARGIN: 1,
+  CONTEXT_DISPLAY_TOP_MARGIN_NARROW: 1,
+  CONTEXT_DISPLAY_LEFT_MARGIN_NARROW: 1,
+  CONTEXT_DISPLAY_LEFT_MARGIN_WIDE: 0,
+  COLLISION_GAP: 10,
+};
+
+interface StatusRowProps {
+  showUiDetails: boolean;
+  isNarrow: boolean;
+  terminalWidth: number;
+  hideContextSummary: boolean;
+  hideUiDetailsForSuggestions: boolean;
+  hasPendingActionRequired: boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Renders the loading or hook execution status.
+ */
+export const StatusNode: React.FC<{
+  showTips: boolean;
+  showWit: boolean;
+  thought: ThoughtSummary | null;
+  elapsedTime: number;
+  currentWittyPhrase: string | undefined;
+  activeHooks: ActiveHook[];
+  showLoadingIndicator: boolean;
+  errorVerbosity: 'low' | 'full' | undefined;
+  onResize?: (width: number) => void;
+}> = ({
+  showTips,
+  showWit,
+  thought,
+  elapsedTime,
+  currentWittyPhrase,
+  activeHooks,
+  showLoadingIndicator,
+  errorVerbosity,
+  onResize,
+}) => {
+  const observerRef = useRef<ResizeObserver | null>(null);
+
+  const onRefChange = useCallback(
+    (node: DOMElement | null) => {
+      if (observerRef.current) {
+        observerRef.current.disconnect();
+        observerRef.current = null;
+      }
+
+      if (node && onResize) {
+        const observer = new ResizeObserver((entries) => {
+          const entry = entries[0];
+          if (entry) {
+            onResize(Math.round(entry.contentRect.width));
+          }
+        });
+        observer.observe(node);
+        observerRef.current = observer;
+      }
+    },
+    [onResize],
+  );
+
+  if (activeHooks.length === 0 && !showLoadingIndicator) return null;
+
+  let currentLoadingPhrase: string | undefined = undefined;
+  let currentThought: ThoughtSummary | null = null;
+
+  if (activeHooks.length > 0) {
+    const userVisibleHooks = activeHooks.filter((h) =>
+      isUserVisibleHook(h.source),
+    );
+
+    if (userVisibleHooks.length > 0) {
+      const label =
+        userVisibleHooks.length > 1 ? 'Executing Hooks' : 'Executing Hook';
+      const displayNames = userVisibleHooks.map((h) => {
+        let name = stripAnsi(h.name);
+        if (h.index && h.total && h.total > 1) {
+          name += ` (${h.index}/${h.total})`;
+        }
+        return name;
+      });
+      currentLoadingPhrase = `${label}: ${displayNames.join(', ')}`;
+    } else {
+      currentLoadingPhrase = GENERIC_WORKING_LABEL;
+    }
+  } else {
+    // Sanitize thought subject to prevent terminal injection
+    currentThought = thought
+      ? { ...thought, subject: stripAnsi(thought.subject) }
+      : null;
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <Box ref={onRefChange}>
+      <LoadingIndicator
+        inline
+        showTips={showTips}
+        showWit={showWit}
+        errorVerbosity={errorVerbosity}
+        thought={currentThought}
+        currentLoadingPhrase={currentLoadingPhrase}
+        elapsedTime={elapsedTime}
+        forceRealStatusOnly={false}
+        wittyPhrase={currentWittyPhrase}
+      />
+    </Box>
+  );
+};
+
+export const StatusRow: React.FC<StatusRowProps> = ({
+  showUiDetails,
+  isNarrow,
+  terminalWidth,
+  hideContextSummary,
+  hideUiDetailsForSuggestions,
+  hasPendingActionRequired,
+}) => {
+  const uiState = useUIState();
+  const settings = useSettings();
+  const {
+    isInteractiveShellWaiting,
+    showLoadingIndicator,
+    showTips,
+    showWit,
+    modeContentObj,
+    showMinimalContext,
+  } = useComposerStatus();
+
+  const [statusWidth, setStatusWidth] = useState(0);
+  const [tipWidth, setTipWidth] = useState(0);
+  const tipObserverRef = useRef<ResizeObserver | null>(null);
+
+  const onTipRefChange = useCallback((node: DOMElement | null) => {
+    if (tipObserverRef.current) {
+      tipObserverRef.current.disconnect();
+      tipObserverRef.current = null;
+    }
+
+    if (node) {
+      const observer = new ResizeObserver((entries) => {
+        const entry = entries[0];
+        if (entry) {
+          setTipWidth(Math.round(entry.contentRect.width));
+        }
+      });
+      observer.observe(node);
+      tipObserverRef.current = observer;
+    }
+  }, []);
+
+  const tipContentStr = (() => {
+    // 1. Proactive Tip (Priority)
+    if (
+      showTips &&
+      uiState.currentTip &&
+      !(
+        isInteractiveShellWaiting &&
+        uiState.currentTip === INTERACTIVE_SHELL_WAITING_PHRASE
+      )
+    ) {
+      return uiState.currentTip;
+    }
+
+    // 2. Shortcut Hint (Fallback)
+    if (
+      settings.merged.ui.showShortcutsHint &&
+      !hideUiDetailsForSuggestions &&
+      !hasPendingActionRequired &&
+      uiState.buffer.text.length === 0
+    ) {
+      return showUiDetails ? '? for shortcuts' : 'press tab twice for more';
+    }
+
+    return undefined;
+  })();
+
+  // Collision detection using measured widths
+  const willCollideTip =
+    statusWidth + tipWidth + LAYOUT.COLLISION_GAP > terminalWidth;
+
+  const showTipLine = Boolean(
+    !hasPendingActionRequired && tipContentStr && !willCollideTip && !isNarrow,
+  );
+
+  const showRow1Minimal =
+    showLoadingIndicator || uiState.activeHooks.length > 0 || showTipLine;
+  const showRow2Minimal =
+    (Boolean(modeContentObj) && !hideUiDetailsForSuggestions) ||
+    showMinimalContext;
+
+  const showRow1 = showUiDetails || showRow1Minimal;
+  const showRow2 = showUiDetails || showRow2Minimal;
+
+  const statusNode = (
+    <StatusNode
+      showTips={showTips}
+      showWit={showWit}
+      thought={uiState.thought}
+      elapsedTime={uiState.elapsedTime}
+      currentWittyPhrase={uiState.currentWittyPhrase}
+      activeHooks={uiState.activeHooks}
+      showLoadingIndicator={showLoadingIndicator}
+      errorVerbosity={
+        settings.merged.ui.errorVerbosity as 'low' | 'full' | undefined
+      }
+      onResize={setStatusWidth}
+    />
+  );
+
+  const renderTipNode = () => {
+    if (!tipContentStr) return null;
+
+    const isShortcutHint =
+      tipContentStr === '? for shortcuts' ||
+      tipContentStr === 'press tab twice for more';
+    const color =
+      isShortcutHint && uiState.shortcutsHelpVisible
+        ? theme.text.accent
+        : theme.text.secondary;
+
+    return (
+      <Box flexDirection="row" justifyContent="flex-end" ref={onTipRefChange}>
+        <Text
+          color={color}
+          wrap="truncate-end"
+          italic={
+            !isShortcutHint && tipContentStr === uiState.currentWittyPhrase
+          }
+        >
+          {tipContentStr === uiState.currentTip
+            ? `Tip: ${tipContentStr}`
+            : tipContentStr}
+        </Text>
+      </Box>
+    );
+  };
+
+  if (!showUiDetails && !showRow1Minimal && !showRow2Minimal) {
+    return <Box height={LAYOUT.STATUS_MIN_HEIGHT} />;
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <Box flexDirection="column" width="100%">
+      {/* Row 1: Status & Tips */}
+      {showRow1 && (
+        <Box
+          width="100%"
+          flexDirection="row"
+          alignItems="center"
+          justifyContent="space-between"
+          minHeight={LAYOUT.STATUS_MIN_HEIGHT}
+        >
+          <Box flexDirection="row" flexGrow={1} flexShrink={1}>
+            {!showUiDetails && showRow1Minimal ? (
+              <Box flexDirection="row" columnGap={1}>
+                {statusNode}
+                {!showUiDetails && showRow2Minimal && modeContentObj && (
+                  <Box>
+                    <Text color={modeContentObj.color}>
+                      ● {modeContentObj.text}
+                    </Text>
+                  </Box>
+                )}
+              </Box>
+            ) : isInteractiveShellWaiting ? (
+              <Box width="100%" marginLeft={LAYOUT.INDICATOR_LEFT_MARGIN}>
+                <Text color={theme.status.warning}>
+                  ! Shell awaiting input (Tab to focus)
+                </Text>
+              </Box>
+            ) : (
+              <Box
+                flexDirection="row"
+                alignItems={isNarrow ? 'flex-start' : 'center'}
+                flexGrow={1}
+                flexShrink={0}
+                marginLeft={LAYOUT.INDICATOR_LEFT_MARGIN}
+              >
+                {statusNode}
+              </Box>
+            )}
+          </Box>
+
+          <Box
+            flexShrink={0}
+            marginLeft={LAYOUT.TIP_LEFT_MARGIN}
+            marginRight={
+              isNarrow
+                ? LAYOUT.TIP_RIGHT_MARGIN_NARROW
+                : LAYOUT.TIP_RIGHT_MARGIN_WIDE
+            }
+          >
+            {/* 
+                We always render the tip node so it can be measured by ResizeObserver,
+                but we control its visibility based on the collision detection.
+            */}
+            <Box display={showTipLine ? 'flex' : 'none'}>
+              {!isNarrow && tipContentStr && renderTipNode()}
+            </Box>
+          </Box>
+        </Box>
+      )}
+
+      {/* Internal Separator */}
+      {showRow1 &&
+        showRow2 &&
+        (showUiDetails || (showRow1Minimal && showRow2Minimal)) && (
+          <Box width="100%">
+            <HorizontalLine dim />
+          </Box>
+        )}
+
+      {/* Row 2: Modes & Context */}
+      {showRow2 && (
+        <Box
+          width="100%"
+          flexDirection={isNarrow ? 'column' : 'row'}
+          alignItems={isNarrow ? 'flex-start' : 'center'}
+          justifyContent="space-between"
+        >
+          <Box
+            flexDirection="row"
+            alignItems="center"
+            marginLeft={LAYOUT.INDICATOR_LEFT_MARGIN}
+          >
+            {showUiDetails ? (
+              <>
+                {!hideUiDetailsForSuggestions && !uiState.shellModeActive && (
+                  <ApprovalModeIndicator
+                    approvalMode={uiState.showApprovalModeIndicator}
+                    allowPlanMode={uiState.allowPlanMode}
+                  />
+                )}
+                {uiState.shellModeActive && (
+                  <Box marginLeft={LAYOUT.INDICATOR_LEFT_MARGIN}>
+                    <ShellModeIndicator />
+                  </Box>
+                )}
+                {!uiState.renderMarkdown && (
+                  <Box marginLeft={LAYOUT.INDICATOR_LEFT_MARGIN}>
+                    <RawMarkdownIndicator />
+                  </Box>
+                )}
+              </>
+            ) : (
+              showRow2Minimal &&
+              modeContentObj && (
+                <Text color={modeContentObj.color}>
+                  ● {modeContentObj.text}
+                </Text>
+              )
+            )}
+          </Box>
+          <Box
+            marginTop={isNarrow ? LAYOUT.CONTEXT_DISPLAY_TOP_MARGIN_NARROW : 0}
+            flexDirection="row"
+            alignItems="center"
+            marginLeft={
+              isNarrow
+                ? LAYOUT.CONTEXT_DISPLAY_LEFT_MARGIN_NARROW
+                : LAYOUT.CONTEXT_DISPLAY_LEFT_MARGIN_WIDE
+            }
+          >
+            {(showUiDetails || showMinimalContext) && (
+              <StatusDisplay hideContextSummary={hideContextSummary} />
+            )}
+            {showMinimalContext && !showUiDetails && (
+              <Box marginLeft={LAYOUT.INDICATOR_LEFT_MARGIN}>
+                <ContextUsageDisplay
+                  promptTokenCount={uiState.sessionStats.lastPromptTokenCount}
+                  model={
+                    typeof uiState.currentModel === 'string'
+                      ? uiState.currentModel
+                      : undefined
+                  }
+                  terminalWidth={terminalWidth}
+                />
+              </Box>
+            )}
+          </Box>
+        </Box>
+      )}
+    </Box>
+  );
+};

packages/cli/src/ui/components/__snapshots__/MainContent.test.tsx.snap

@@ -91,6 +91,19 @@ exports[`MainContent > MainContent Tool Output Height Logic > 'Normal mode - Unc
 "
 `;
 
+exports[`MainContent > renders a ToolConfirmationQueue without an extra line when preceded by hidden tools 1`] = `
+"AppHeader(full)
+▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
+ > Apply plan                                                                   
+▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄
+╭──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
+│ Ready to start implementation?                                               │
+│                                                                              │
+│  Error reading plan: Storage must be initialized before use                  │
+╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
+"
+`;
+
 exports[`MainContent > renders a split tool group without a gap between static and pending areas 1`] = `
 "AppHeader(full)
 ╭──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
@@ -105,6 +118,30 @@ exports[`MainContent > renders a split tool group without a gap between static a
 "
 `;
 
+exports[`MainContent > renders a spurious line when a tool group has only hidden tools and borderBottom true 1`] = `
+"AppHeader(full)
+▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
+ > Apply plan                                                                   
+▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄
+"
+`;
+
+exports[`MainContent > renders a subagent with a complete box including bottom border 1`] = `
+"AppHeader(full)
+▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀
+ > Investigate                                                                  
+▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄
+╭──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
+│ ≡ Running Agent... (ctrl+o to collapse)                                  │
+│                                                                          │
+│ Running subagent codebase_investigator...                                │
+│                                                                          │
+│ ⠋  run_shell_command echo hello                                          │
+│                                                                          │
+╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
+"
+`;
+
 exports[`MainContent > renders mixed history items (user + gemini) with single line padding between them 1`] = `
 "ScrollableList
 AppHeader(full)

packages/cli/src/ui/components/messages/ToolGroupMessage.tsx

@@ -172,12 +172,10 @@ export const ToolGroupMessage: React.FC<ToolGroupMessageProps> = ({
   // If all tools are filtered out (e.g., in-progress AskUser tools, low-verbosity
   // internal errors, plan-mode hidden write/edit), we should not emit standalone
   // border fragments. The only case where an empty group should render is the
-  // explicit "closing slice" (tools: []) used to bridge static/pending sections.
+  // explicit "closing slice" (tools: []) used to bridge static/pending sections,
+  // and only if it's actually continuing an open box from above.
   const isExplicitClosingSlice = allToolCalls.length === 0;
-  if (
-    visibleToolCalls.length === 0 &&
-    (!isExplicitClosingSlice || borderBottomOverride !== true)
-  ) {
+  if (visibleToolCalls.length === 0 && !isExplicitClosingSlice) {
     return null;
   }
 
@@ -269,19 +267,20 @@ export const ToolGroupMessage: React.FC<ToolGroupMessageProps> = ({
             We have to keep the bottom border separate so it doesn't get
             drawn over by the sticky header directly inside it.
            */
-        (visibleToolCalls.length > 0 || borderBottomOverride !== undefined) && (
-          <Box
-            height={0}
-            width={contentWidth}
-            borderLeft={true}
-            borderRight={true}
-            borderTop={false}
-            borderBottom={borderBottomOverride ?? true}
-            borderColor={borderColor}
-            borderDimColor={borderDimColor}
-            borderStyle="round"
-          />
-        )
+        (visibleToolCalls.length > 0 || borderBottomOverride !== undefined) &&
+          borderBottomOverride !== false && (
+            <Box
+              height={0}
+              width={contentWidth}
+              borderLeft={true}
+              borderRight={true}
+              borderTop={false}
+              borderBottom={borderBottomOverride ?? true}
+              borderColor={borderColor}
+              borderDimColor={borderDimColor}
+              borderStyle="round"
+            />
+          )
       }
     </Box>
   );

packages/cli/src/ui/components/messages/ToolGroupMessageRegression.test.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2026 Google LLC
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+import { renderWithProviders } from '../../../test-utils/render.js';
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+import { ToolGroupMessage } from './ToolGroupMessage.js';
+import {
+  makeFakeConfig,
+  CoreToolCallStatus,
+  ApprovalMode,
+  WRITE_FILE_DISPLAY_NAME,
+  Kind,
+} from '@google/gemini-cli-core';
+import os from 'node:os';
+import { createMockSettings } from '../../../test-utils/settings.js';
+import type { IndividualToolCallDisplay } from '../../types.js';
+
+describe('ToolGroupMessage Regression Tests', () => {
+  const baseMockConfig = makeFakeConfig({
+    model: 'gemini-pro',
+    targetDir: os.tmpdir(),
+  });
+  const fullVerbositySettings = createMockSettings({
+    ui: { errorVerbosity: 'full' },
+  });
+
+  const createToolCall = (
+    overrides: Partial<IndividualToolCallDisplay> = {},
+  ): IndividualToolCallDisplay =>
+    ({
+      callId: 'tool-123',
+      name: 'test-tool',
+      status: CoreToolCallStatus.Success,
+      ...overrides,
+    }) as IndividualToolCallDisplay;
+
+  const createItem = (tools: IndividualToolCallDisplay[]) => ({
+    id: 1,
+    type: 'tool_group' as const,
+    tools,
+  });
+
+  it('Plan Mode: suppresses phantom tool group (hidden tools)', async () => {
+    const toolCalls = [
+      createToolCall({
+        name: WRITE_FILE_DISPLAY_NAME,
+        approvalMode: ApprovalMode.PLAN,
+        status: CoreToolCallStatus.Success,
+      }),
+    ];
+    const item = createItem(toolCalls);
+
+    const { lastFrame, unmount } = await renderWithProviders(
+      <ToolGroupMessage
+        terminalWidth={80}
+        item={item}
+        toolCalls={toolCalls}
+        borderBottom={true}
+      />,
+      { config: baseMockConfig, settings: fullVerbositySettings },
+    );
+
+    expect(lastFrame({ allowEmpty: true })).toBe('');
+    unmount();
+  });
+
+  it('Agent Case: suppresses the bottom border box for ongoing agents (no vertical ticks)', async () => {
+    const toolCalls = [
+      createToolCall({
+        name: 'agent',
+        kind: Kind.Agent,
+        status: CoreToolCallStatus.Executing,
+        resultDisplay: {
+          isSubagentProgress: true,
+          agentName: 'TestAgent',
+          state: 'running',
+          recentActivity: [],
+        },
+      }),
+    ];
+    const item = createItem(toolCalls);
+
+    const { lastFrame, unmount } = await renderWithProviders(
+      <ToolGroupMessage
+        terminalWidth={80}
+        item={item}
+        toolCalls={toolCalls}
+        borderBottom={false} // Ongoing
+      />,
+      { config: baseMockConfig, settings: fullVerbositySettings },
+    );
+
+    const output = lastFrame();
+    expect(output).toContain('Running Agent...');
+    // It should render side borders from the content
+    expect(output).toContain('│');
+    // It should NOT render the bottom border box (no corners ╰ ╯)
+    expect(output).not.toContain('╰');
+    expect(output).not.toContain('╯');
+    unmount();
+  });
+
+  it('Agent Case: renders a bottom border horizontal line for completed agents', async () => {
+    const toolCalls = [
+      createToolCall({
+        name: 'agent',
+        kind: Kind.Agent,
+        status: CoreToolCallStatus.Success,
+        resultDisplay: {
+          isSubagentProgress: true,
+          agentName: 'TestAgent',
+          state: 'completed',
+          recentActivity: [],
+        },
+      }),
+    ];
+    const item = createItem(toolCalls);
+
+    const { lastFrame, unmount } = await renderWithProviders(
+      <ToolGroupMessage
+        terminalWidth={80}
+        item={item}
+        toolCalls={toolCalls}
+        borderBottom={true} // Completed
+      />,
+      { config: baseMockConfig, settings: fullVerbositySettings },
+    );
+
+    const output = lastFrame();
+    // Verify it rendered subagent content
+    expect(output).toContain('Agent');
+    // It should render the bottom horizontal line
+    expect(output).toContain(
+      '╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯',
+    );
+    unmount();
+  });
+
+  it('Bridges: still renders a bridge if it has a top border', async () => {
+    const toolCalls: IndividualToolCallDisplay[] = [];
+    const item = createItem(toolCalls);
+
+    const { lastFrame, unmount } = await renderWithProviders(
+      <ToolGroupMessage
+        terminalWidth={80}
+        item={item}
+        toolCalls={toolCalls}
+        borderTop={true}
+        borderBottom={true}
+      />,
+      { config: baseMockConfig, settings: fullVerbositySettings },
+    );
+
+    expect(lastFrame({ allowEmpty: true })).not.toBe('');
+    unmount();
+  });
+});

packages/cli/src/ui/components/views/SkillsList.test.tsx

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import { render } from '../../../test-utils/render.js';
 import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
 import { SkillsList } from './SkillsList.js';
 import { type SkillDefinition } from '@google/gemini-cli-core';
+import { SKILLS_DOCS_URL } from '../../constants.js';
 
 describe('SkillsList Component', () => {
   const mockSkills: SkillDefinition[] = [
@@ -74,9 +75,8 @@ describe('SkillsList Component', () => {
       <SkillsList skills={[]} showDescriptions={true} />,
     );
     const output = lastFrame();
-
-    expect(output).toContain('No skills available');
-
+    expect(output).toContain('No skills available.');
+    expect(output).toContain(`Learn how to add skills: ${SKILLS_DOCS_URL}`);
     unmount();
   });
 

packages/cli/src/ui/components/views/SkillsList.tsx

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import type React from 'react';
 import { Box, Text } from 'ink';
 import { theme } from '../../semantic-colors.js';
 import { type SkillDefinition } from '../../types.js';
+import { SKILLS_DOCS_URL } from '../../constants.js';
 
 interface SkillsListProps {
   skills: readonly SkillDefinition[];
@@ -86,7 +87,13 @@ export const SkillsList: React.FC<SkillsListProps> = ({
       )}
 
       {skills.length === 0 && (
-        <Text color={theme.text.primary}> No skills available</Text>
+        <Box flexDirection="column">
+          <Text color={theme.text.primary}>No skills available.</Text>
+          <Box flexDirection="row">
+            <Text color={theme.text.primary}>Learn how to add skills: </Text>
+            <Text color={theme.text.link}>{SKILLS_DOCS_URL}</Text>
+          </Box>
+        </Box>
       )}
     </Box>
   );

packages/cli/src/ui/constants.ts

@@ -58,3 +58,7 @@ export const MIN_TERMINAL_WIDTH_FOR_FULL_LABEL = 100;
 
 /** Default context usage fraction at which to trigger compression */
 export const DEFAULT_COMPRESSION_THRESHOLD = 0.5;
+
+/** Documentation URL for skills setup and configuration */
+export const SKILLS_DOCS_URL =
+  'https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/blob/main/docs/cli/skills.md';

packages/cli/src/ui/contexts/KeypressContext.test.tsx

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import {
   useKeypressContext,
   ESC_TIMEOUT,
   FAST_RETURN_TIMEOUT,
+  KeypressPriority,
   type Key,
 } from './KeypressContext.js';
 import { terminalCapabilityManager } from '../utils/terminalCapabilityManager.js';
@@ -259,6 +260,48 @@ describe('KeypressContext', () => {
       );
     });
 
+    it('should stop propagation when a higher priority handler returns true', async () => {
+      const higherPriorityHandler = vi.fn(() => true);
+      const lowerPriorityHandler = vi.fn();
+      const { result } = await renderHookWithProviders(() =>
+        useKeypressContext(),
+      );
+
+      act(() => {
+        result.current.subscribe(higherPriorityHandler, KeypressPriority.High);
+        result.current.subscribe(lowerPriorityHandler, KeypressPriority.Normal);
+      });
+
+      act(() => stdin.write('\x1b[27u'));
+
+      expect(higherPriorityHandler).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.objectContaining({ name: 'escape' }),
+      );
+      expect(lowerPriorityHandler).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should continue propagation when a higher priority handler does not consume the event', async () => {
+      const higherPriorityHandler = vi.fn(() => false);
+      const lowerPriorityHandler = vi.fn();
+      const { result } = await renderHookWithProviders(() =>
+        useKeypressContext(),
+      );
+
+      act(() => {
+        result.current.subscribe(higherPriorityHandler, KeypressPriority.High);
+        result.current.subscribe(lowerPriorityHandler, KeypressPriority.Normal);
+      });
+
+      act(() => stdin.write('\x1b[27u'));
+
+      expect(higherPriorityHandler).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.objectContaining({ name: 'escape' }),
+      );
+      expect(lowerPriorityHandler).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.objectContaining({ name: 'escape' }),
+      );
+    });
+
     it('should handle double Escape', async () => {
       const keyHandler = vi.fn();
       const { result } = await renderHookWithProviders(() =>

packages/cli/src/ui/contexts/UIStateContext.tsx

@@ -180,6 +180,7 @@ export interface UIState {
   contextFileNames: string[];
   errorCount: number;
   availableTerminalHeight: number | undefined;
+  stableControlsHeight: number;
   mainAreaWidth: number;
   staticAreaMaxItemHeight: number;
   staticExtraHeight: number;
@@ -190,7 +191,7 @@ export interface UIState {
   sessionStats: SessionStatsState;
   terminalWidth: number;
   terminalHeight: number;
-  mainControlsRef: React.MutableRefObject<DOMElement | null>;
+  mainControlsRef: React.RefCallback<DOMElement | null>;
   // NOTE: This is for performance profiling only.
   rootUiRef: React.MutableRefObject<DOMElement | null>;
   currentIDE: IdeInfo | null;

packages/cli/src/ui/hooks/useCommandCompletion.test.tsx

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * @license
- * Copyright 2025 Google LLC
+ * Copyright 2026 Google LLC
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
  */
 
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import {
   useCommandCompletion,
   CompletionMode,
 } from './useCommandCompletion.js';
-import type { CommandContext } from '../commands/types.js';
+import type { CommandContext, SlashCommand } from '../commands/types.js';
 import type { Config } from '@google/gemini-cli-core';
 import { useTextBuffer } from '../components/shared/text-buffer.js';
 import type { Suggestion } from '../components/SuggestionsDisplay.js';
@@ -72,7 +72,11 @@ const setupMocks = ({
   shellSuggestions = [],
   isLoading = false,
   isPerfectMatch = false,
-  slashCompletionRange = { completionStart: 0, completionEnd: 0 },
+  slashCompletionRange = {
+    completionStart: 0,
+    completionEnd: 0,
+    getCommandFromSuggestion: () => undefined,
+  },
   shellCompletionRange = {
     completionStart: 0,
     completionEnd: 0,
@@ -85,7 +89,13 @@ const setupMocks = ({
   shellSuggestions?: Suggestion[];
   isLoading?: boolean;
   isPerfectMatch?: boolean;
-  slashCompletionRange?: { completionStart: number; completionEnd: number };
+  slashCompletionRange?: {
+    completionStart: number;
+    completionEnd: number;
+    getCommandFromSuggestion: (
+      suggestion: Suggestion,
+    ) => SlashCommand | undefined;
+  };
   shellCompletionRange?: {
     completionStart: number;
     completionEnd: number;
@@ -471,10 +481,15 @@ describe('useCommandCompletion', () => {
   });
 
   describe('handleAutocomplete', () => {
-    it('should complete a partial command', async () => {
+    it('should complete a partial command and NOT add a space if it has an action', async () => {
       setupMocks({
         slashSuggestions: [{ label: 'memory', value: 'memory' }],
-        slashCompletionRange: { completionStart: 1, completionEnd: 4 },
+        slashCompletionRange: {
+          completionStart: 1,
+          completionEnd: 4,
+          getCommandFromSuggestion: () =>
+            ({ action: vi.fn() }) as unknown as SlashCommand,
+        },
       });
 
       const { result } = await renderCommandCompletionHook('/mem');
@@ -487,12 +502,40 @@ describe('useCommandCompletion', () => {
         result.current.handleAutocomplete(0);
       });
 
-      expect(result.current.textBuffer.text).toBe('/memory ');
+      expect(result.current.textBuffer.text).toBe('/memory');
+    });
+
+    it('should complete a partial command and ADD a space if it has NO action (e.g. just a parent)', async () => {
+      setupMocks({
+        slashSuggestions: [{ label: 'chat', value: 'chat' }],
+        slashCompletionRange: {
+          completionStart: 1,
+          completionEnd: 5,
+          getCommandFromSuggestion: () => ({}) as unknown as SlashCommand, // No action
+        },
+      });
+
+      const { result } = await renderCommandCompletionHook('/chat');
+
+      await waitFor(() => {
+        expect(result.current.suggestions.length).toBe(1);
+      });
+
+      act(() => {
+        result.current.handleAutocomplete(0);
+      });
+
+      expect(result.current.textBuffer.text).toBe('/chat ');
     });
 
     it('should complete a file path', async () => {
       setupMocks({
         atSuggestions: [{ label: 'src/file1.txt', value: 'src/file1.txt' }],
+        slashCompletionRange: {
+          completionStart: 0,
+          completionEnd: 0,
+          getCommandFromSuggestion: () => undefined,
+        },
       });
 
       const { result } = await renderCommandCompletionHook('@src/fi');
@@ -517,7 +560,11 @@ describe('useCommandCompletion', () => {
             insertValue: 'resume list',
           },
         ],
-        slashCompletionRange: { completionStart: 1, completionEnd: 5 },
+        slashCompletionRange: {
+          completionStart: 1,
+          completionEnd: 5,
+          getCommandFromSuggestion: () => undefined,
+        },
       });
 
       const { result } = await renderCommandCompletionHook('/resu');
@@ -539,6 +586,11 @@ describe('useCommandCompletion', () => {
 
       setupMocks({
         atSuggestions: [{ label: 'src/file1.txt', value: 'src/file1.txt' }],
+        slashCompletionRange: {
+          completionStart: 0,
+          completionEnd: 0,
+          getCommandFromSuggestion: () => undefined,
+        },
       });
 
       const { result } = await renderCommandCompletionHook(text, cursorOffset);
@@ -559,6 +611,11 @@ describe('useCommandCompletion', () => {
     it('should complete a directory path ending with / without a trailing space', async () => {
       setupMocks({
         atSuggestions: [{ label: 'src/components/', value: 'src/components/' }],
+        slashCompletionRange: {
+          completionStart: 0,
+          completionEnd: 0,
+          getCommandFromSuggestion: () => undefined,
+        },
       });
 
       const { result } = await renderCommandCompletionHook('@src/comp');
@@ -579,6 +636,11 @@ describe('useCommandCompletion', () => {
         atSuggestions: [
           { label: 'src\\components\\', value: 'src\\components\\' },
         ],
+        slashCompletionRange: {
+          completionStart: 0,
+          completionEnd: 0,
+          getCommandFromSuggestion: () => undefined,
+        },
       });
 
       const { result } = await renderCommandCompletionHook('@src\\comp');
@@ -594,6 +656,33 @@ describe('useCommandCompletion', () => {
       expect(result.current.textBuffer.text).toBe('@src\\components\\');
     });
 
+    it('should ADD a space for AT completion even if name matches a command with an action', async () => {
+      // Setup a mock where getCommandFromSuggestion WOULD return a command with an action
+      // if it were in SLASH mode.
+      setupMocks({
+        atSuggestions: [{ label: 'memory', value: 'memory' }],
+        slashCompletionRange: {
+          completionStart: 0,
+          completionEnd: 0,
+          getCommandFromSuggestion: () =>
+            ({ action: vi.fn() }) as unknown as SlashCommand,
+        },
+      });
+
+      const { result } = await renderCommandCompletionHook('@mem');
+
+      await waitFor(() => {
+        expect(result.current.suggestions.length).toBe(1);
+      });
+
+      act(() => {
+        result.current.handleAutocomplete(0);
+      });
+
+      // Should have a space because it's AT mode, not SLASH mode
+      expect(result.current.textBuffer.text).toBe('@memory ');
+    });
+
     it('should show ghost text for a single shell completion', async () => {
       const text = 'l';
       setupMocks({
@@ -905,6 +994,11 @@ describe('useCommandCompletion', () => {
     it('should complete file path and add trailing space', async () => {
       setupMocks({
         atSuggestions: [{ label: 'src/file.txt', value: 'src/file.txt' }],
+        slashCompletionRange: {
+          completionStart: 0,
+          completionEnd: 0,
+          getCommandFromSuggestion: () => undefined,
+        },
       });
 
       const { result } = await renderCommandCompletionHook('/cmd @src/fi');

packages/cli/src/ui/hooks/useCommandCompletion.tsx

@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
 /**
  * @license
- * Copyright 2025 Google LLC
+ * Copyright 2026 Google LLC
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
  */
 
+import type React from 'react';
 import { useCallback, useMemo, useEffect, useState } from 'react';
 import type { Suggestion } from '../components/SuggestionsDisplay.js';
 import type { CommandContext, SlashCommand } from '../commands/types.js';
 import type { TextBuffer } from '../components/shared/text-buffer.js';
 import { logicalPosToOffset } from '../components/shared/text-buffer.js';
-import { isSlashCommand } from '../utils/commandUtils.js';
 import { toCodePoints } from '../utils/textUtils.js';
+import { isSlashCommand } from '../utils/commandUtils.js';
 import { useAtCompletion } from './useAtCompletion.js';
 import { useSlashCompletion } from './useSlashCompletion.js';
 import { useShellCompletion } from './useShellCompletion.js';
@@ -436,10 +437,23 @@ export function useCommandCompletion({
 
       const lineCodePoints = toCodePoints(buffer.lines[cursorRow] || '');
       const charAfterCompletion = lineCodePoints[end];
+
+      let shouldAddSpace = true;
+      if (completionMode === CompletionMode.SLASH) {
+        const command =
+          slashCompletionRange.getCommandFromSuggestion(suggestion);
+        // Don't add a space if the command has an action (can be executed)
+        // and doesn't have a completion function (doesn't REQUIRE more arguments)
+        const isExecutableCommand = !!(command && command.action);
+        const requiresArguments = !!(command && command.completion);
+        shouldAddSpace = !isExecutableCommand || requiresArguments;
+      }
+
       if (
         charAfterCompletion !== ' ' &&
         !suggestionText.endsWith('/') &&
-        !suggestionText.endsWith('\\')
+        !suggestionText.endsWith('\\') &&
+        shouldAddSpace
       ) {
         suggestionText += ' ';
       }

packages/cli/src/ui/hooks/useComposerStatus.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2026 Google LLC
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+import { useMemo } from 'react';
+import { useUIState } from '../contexts/UIStateContext.js';
+import { useSettings } from '../contexts/SettingsContext.js';
+import { CoreToolCallStatus, ApprovalMode } from '@google/gemini-cli-core';
+import { type HistoryItemToolGroup, StreamingState } from '../types.js';
+import { INTERACTIVE_SHELL_WAITING_PHRASE } from './usePhraseCycler.js';
+import { isContextUsageHigh } from '../utils/contextUsage.js';
+import { theme } from '../semantic-colors.js';
+
+/**
+ * A hook that encapsulates complex status and action-required logic for the Composer.
+ */
+export const useComposerStatus = () => {
+  const uiState = useUIState();
+  const settings = useSettings();
+
+  const hasPendingToolConfirmation = useMemo(
+    () =>
+      (uiState.pendingHistoryItems ?? [])
+        .filter(
+          (item): item is HistoryItemToolGroup => item.type === 'tool_group',
+        )
+        .some((item) =>
+          item.tools.some(
+            (tool) => tool.status === CoreToolCallStatus.AwaitingApproval,
+          ),
+        ),
+    [uiState.pendingHistoryItems],
+  );
+
+  const hasPendingActionRequired =
+    hasPendingToolConfirmation ||
+    Boolean(uiState.commandConfirmationRequest) ||
+    Boolean(uiState.authConsentRequest) ||
+    (uiState.confirmUpdateExtensionRequests?.length ?? 0) > 0 ||
+    Boolean(uiState.loopDetectionConfirmationRequest) ||
+    Boolean(uiState.quota.proQuotaRequest) ||
+    Boolean(uiState.quota.validationRequest) ||
+    Boolean(uiState.customDialog);
+
+  const isInteractiveShellWaiting = Boolean(
+    uiState.currentLoadingPhrase?.includes(INTERACTIVE_SHELL_WAITING_PHRASE),
+  );
+
+  const showLoadingIndicator =
+    (!uiState.embeddedShellFocused || uiState.isBackgroundShellVisible) &&
+    uiState.streamingState === StreamingState.Responding &&
+    !hasPendingActionRequired;
+
+  const showApprovalModeIndicator = uiState.showApprovalModeIndicator;
+
+  const modeContentObj = useMemo(() => {
+    const hideMinimalModeHintWhileBusy =
+      !uiState.cleanUiDetailsVisible &&
+      (showLoadingIndicator || uiState.activeHooks.length > 0);
+
+    if (hideMinimalModeHintWhileBusy) return null;
+
+    switch (showApprovalModeIndicator) {
+      case ApprovalMode.YOLO:
+        return { text: 'YOLO', color: theme.status.error };
+      case ApprovalMode.PLAN:
+        return { text: 'plan', color: theme.status.success };
+      case ApprovalMode.AUTO_EDIT:
+        return { text: 'auto edit', color: theme.status.warning };
+      case ApprovalMode.DEFAULT:
+      default:
+        return null;
+    }
+  }, [
+    uiState.cleanUiDetailsVisible,
+    showLoadingIndicator,
+    uiState.activeHooks.length,
+    showApprovalModeIndicator,
+  ]);
+
+  const showMinimalContext = isContextUsageHigh(
+    uiState.sessionStats.lastPromptTokenCount,
+    uiState.currentModel,
+    settings.merged.model?.compressionThreshold,
+  );
+
+  const loadingPhrases = settings.merged.ui.loadingPhrases;
+  const showTips = loadingPhrases === 'tips' || loadingPhrases === 'all';
+  const showWit = loadingPhrases === 'witty' || loadingPhrases === 'all';
+
+  /**
+   * Use the setting if provided, otherwise default to true for the new UX.
+   * This allows tests to override the collapse behavior.
+   */
+  const shouldCollapseDuringApproval =
+    settings.merged.ui.collapseDrawerDuringApproval !== false;
+
+  return {
+    hasPendingActionRequired,
+    shouldCollapseDuringApproval,
+    isInteractiveShellWaiting,
+    showLoadingIndicator,
+    showTips,
+    showWit,
+    modeContentObj,
+    showMinimalContext,
+  };
+};

packages/cli/src/ui/hooks/useGeminiStream.ts

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ import {
   debugLogger,
   runInDevTraceSpan,
   EDIT_TOOL_NAMES,
-  ASK_USER_TOOL_NAME,
   processRestorableToolCalls,
   recordToolCallInteractions,
   ToolErrorType,
@@ -40,6 +39,7 @@ import {
   isBackgroundExecutionData,
   Kind,
   ACTIVATE_SKILL_TOOL_NAME,
+  shouldHideToolCall,
 } from '@google/gemini-cli-core';
 import type {
   Config,
@@ -66,7 +66,12 @@ import type {
   SlashCommandProcessorResult,
   HistoryItemModel,
 } from '../types.js';
-import { StreamingState, MessageType } from '../types.js';
+import {
+  StreamingState,
+  MessageType,
+  mapCoreStatusToDisplayStatus,
+  ToolCallStatus,
+} from '../types.js';
 import { isAtCommand, isSlashCommand } from '../utils/commandUtils.js';
 import { useShellCommandProcessor } from './shellCommandProcessor.js';
 import { handleAtCommand } from './atCommandProcessor.js';
@@ -541,14 +546,39 @@ export const useGeminiStream = (
 
     const anyVisibleInHistory = pushedToolCallIds.size > 0;
     const anyVisibleInPending = remainingTools.some((tc) => {
-      // AskUser tools are rendered by AskUserDialog, not ToolGroupMessage
-      const isInProgress =
-        tc.status !== 'success' &&
-        tc.status !== 'error' &&
-        tc.status !== 'cancelled';
-      if (tc.request.name === ASK_USER_TOOL_NAME && isInProgress) {
+      const displayName = tc.tool?.displayName ?? tc.request.name;
+
+      let hasResultDisplay = false;
+      if (
+        tc.status === CoreToolCallStatus.Success ||
+        tc.status === CoreToolCallStatus.Error ||
+        tc.status === CoreToolCallStatus.Cancelled
+      ) {
+        hasResultDisplay = !!tc.response?.resultDisplay;
+      } else if (tc.status === CoreToolCallStatus.Executing) {
+        hasResultDisplay = !!tc.liveOutput;
+      }
+
+      // AskUser tools and Plan Mode write/edit are handled by this logic
+      if (
+        shouldHideToolCall({
+          displayName,
+          status: tc.status,
+          approvalMode: tc.approvalMode,
+          hasResultDisplay,
+          parentCallId: tc.request.parentCallId,
+        })
+      ) {
         return false;
       }
+
+      // ToolGroupMessage explicitly hides Confirming tools because they are
+      // rendered in the interactive ToolConfirmationQueue instead.
+      const displayStatus = mapCoreStatusToDisplayStatus(tc.status);
+      if (displayStatus === ToolCallStatus.Confirming) {
+        return false;
+      }
+
       // ToolGroupMessage now shows all non-canceled tools, so they are visible
       // in pending and we need to draw the closing border for them.
       return true;

packages/cli/src/ui/hooks/usePhraseCycler.ts

@@ -66,11 +66,11 @@ export const usePhraseCycler = (
 
     if (shouldShowFocusHint || isWaiting) {
       // These are handled by the return value directly for immediate feedback
-      return;
+      return clearTimers;
     }
 
     if (!isActive || (!showTips && !showWit)) {
-      return;
+      return clearTimers;
     }
 
     const wittyPhrasesList =
@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@ export const usePhraseCycler = (
           : INFORMATIVE_TIPS;
 
       if (filteredTips.length > 0) {
+        // codeql[js/insecure-randomness] false positive: used for non-sensitive UI flavor text (tips)
         const selected =
           filteredTips[Math.floor(Math.random() * filteredTips.length)];
         setCurrentTipState(selected);
@@ -132,6 +133,7 @@ export const usePhraseCycler = (
           : wittyPhrasesList;
 
       if (filteredWitty.length > 0) {
+        // codeql[js/insecure-randomness] false positive: used for non-sensitive UI flavor text (witty phrases)
         const selected =
           filteredWitty[Math.floor(Math.random() * filteredWitty.length)];
         setCurrentWittyPhraseState(selected);

packages/cli/src/ui/hooks/useSlashCompletion.test.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * @license
- * Copyright 2025 Google LLC
+ * Copyright 2026 Google LLC
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
  */
 
@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ describe('useSlashCompletion', () => {
         () =>
           useTestHarnessForSlashCompletion(
             true,
-            '/chat',
+            '/chat ',
             slashCommands,
             mockCommandContext,
           ),
@@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ describe('useSlashCompletion', () => {
         () =>
           useTestHarnessForSlashCompletion(
             true,
-            '/resume',
+            '/resume ',
             slashCommands,
             mockCommandContext,
           ),
@@ -513,53 +513,6 @@ describe('useSlashCompletion', () => {
       unmountResume();
     });
 
-    it('should show the grouped /resume menu for unique /resum prefix input', async () => {
-      const slashCommands = [
-        createTestCommand({
-          name: 'resume',
-          description: 'Resume command',
-          action: vi.fn(),
-          subCommands: [
-            createTestCommand({
-              name: 'list',
-              description: 'List checkpoints',
-              suggestionGroup: 'checkpoints',
-            }),
-            createTestCommand({
-              name: 'save',
-              description: 'Save checkpoint',
-              suggestionGroup: 'checkpoints',
-            }),
-          ],
-        }),
-      ];
-
-      const { result, unmount } = await renderHook(() =>
-        useTestHarnessForSlashCompletion(
-          true,
-          '/resum',
-          slashCommands,
-          mockCommandContext,
-        ),
-      );
-
-      await resolveMatch();
-
-      await waitFor(() => {
-        expect(result.current.suggestions[0]).toMatchObject({
-          label: 'list',
-          sectionTitle: 'auto',
-          submitValue: '/resume',
-        });
-        expect(result.current.isPerfectMatch).toBe(false);
-        expect(result.current.suggestions.slice(1).map((s) => s.label)).toEqual(
-          expect.arrayContaining(['list', 'save']),
-        );
-      });
-
-      unmount();
-    });
-
     it('should sort exact altName matches to the top', async () => {
       const slashCommands = [
         createTestCommand({
@@ -594,7 +547,7 @@ describe('useSlashCompletion', () => {
       unmount();
     });
 
-    it('should suggest subcommands when a parent command is fully typed without a trailing space', async () => {
+    it('should suggest the command itself instead of subcommands when a parent command is fully typed without a trailing space', async () => {
       const slashCommands = [
         createTestCommand({
           name: 'chat',
@@ -618,18 +571,47 @@ describe('useSlashCompletion', () => {
       await resolveMatch();
 
       await waitFor(() => {
-        // Should show the auto-session entry plus subcommands of 'chat'
-        expect(result.current.suggestions).toHaveLength(3);
-        expect(result.current.suggestions[0]).toMatchObject({
-          label: 'list',
-          sectionTitle: 'auto',
-          submitValue: '/chat',
-        });
-        expect(result.current.suggestions.map((s) => s.label)).toEqual(
-          expect.arrayContaining(['list', 'save']),
-        );
-        // completionStart should be at the end of '/chat' to append subcommands
-        expect(result.current.completionStart).toBe(5);
+        // Should show 'chat' as the suggestion, NOT its subcommands
+        expect(result.current.suggestions).toHaveLength(1);
+        expect(result.current.suggestions[0].label).toBe('chat');
+        // completionStart should be at 1 (to replace 'chat')
+        expect(result.current.completionStart).toBe(1);
+      });
+      unmount();
+    });
+
+    it('should NOT suggest subcommands when a parent command is fully typed without a trailing space (fix for over-eager completion)', async () => {
+      const slashCommands = [
+        createTestCommand({
+          name: 'stats',
+          description: 'Check session stats',
+          action: vi.fn(), // Has action
+          subCommands: [
+            createTestCommand({
+              name: 'session',
+              description: 'Show session-specific usage statistics',
+            }),
+          ],
+        }),
+      ];
+
+      const { result, unmount } = await renderHook(() =>
+        useTestHarnessForSlashCompletion(
+          true,
+          '/stats',
+          slashCommands,
+          mockCommandContext,
+        ),
+      );
+
+      await resolveMatch();
+
+      await waitFor(() => {
+        // Should show 'stats' as the suggestion, NOT 'session'
+        expect(result.current.suggestions).toHaveLength(1);
+        expect(result.current.suggestions[0].label).toBe('stats');
+        // isPerfectMatch should be true because it has an action
+        expect(result.current.isPerfectMatch).toBe(true);
       });
       unmount();
     });

packages/cli/src/ui/hooks/useSlashCompletion.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * @license
- * Copyright 2025 Google LLC
+ * Copyright 2026 Google LLC
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
  */
 
@@ -54,8 +54,6 @@ interface CommandParserResult {
   partial: string;
   currentLevel: readonly SlashCommand[] | undefined;
   leafCommand: SlashCommand | null;
-  exactMatchAsParent: SlashCommand | undefined;
-  usedPrefixParentDescent: boolean;
   isArgumentCompletion: boolean;
 }
 
@@ -71,8 +69,6 @@ function useCommandParser(
         partial: '',
         currentLevel: slashCommands,
         leafCommand: null,
-        exactMatchAsParent: undefined,
-        usedPrefixParentDescent: false,
         isArgumentCompletion: false,
       };
     }
@@ -90,7 +86,6 @@ function useCommandParser(
 
     let currentLevel: readonly SlashCommand[] | undefined = slashCommands;
     let leafCommand: SlashCommand | null = null;
-    let usedPrefixParentDescent = false;
 
     for (const part of commandPathParts) {
       if (!currentLevel) {
@@ -115,60 +110,6 @@ function useCommandParser(
       }
     }
 
-    let exactMatchAsParent: SlashCommand | undefined;
-    if (!hasTrailingSpace && currentLevel) {
-      exactMatchAsParent = currentLevel.find(
-        (cmd) => matchesCommand(cmd, partial) && cmd.subCommands,
-      );
-
-      if (exactMatchAsParent) {
-        // Only descend if there are NO other matches for the partial at this level.
-        // This ensures that typing "/memory" still shows "/memory-leak" if it exists.
-        const otherMatches = currentLevel.filter(
-          (cmd) =>
-            cmd !== exactMatchAsParent &&
-            (cmd.name.toLowerCase().startsWith(partial.toLowerCase()) ||
-              cmd.altNames?.some((alt) =>
-                alt.toLowerCase().startsWith(partial.toLowerCase()),
-              )),
-        );
-
-        if (otherMatches.length === 0) {
-          leafCommand = exactMatchAsParent;
-          currentLevel = exactMatchAsParent.subCommands as
-            | readonly SlashCommand[]
-            | undefined;
-          partial = '';
-        }
-      }
-
-      // Phase-one alias UX: allow unique prefix descent for /chat and /resume
-      // so `/cha` and `/resum` expose the same grouped menu immediately.
-      if (!exactMatchAsParent && partial && currentLevel) {
-        const prefixParentMatches = currentLevel.filter(
-          (cmd) =>
-            !!cmd.subCommands &&
-            (cmd.name.toLowerCase().startsWith(partial.toLowerCase()) ||
-              cmd.altNames?.some((alt) =>
-                alt.toLowerCase().startsWith(partial.toLowerCase()),
-              )),
-        );
-
-        if (prefixParentMatches.length === 1) {
-          const candidate = prefixParentMatches[0];
-          if (candidate.name === 'chat' || candidate.name === 'resume') {
-            exactMatchAsParent = candidate;
-            leafCommand = candidate;
-            usedPrefixParentDescent = true;
-            currentLevel = candidate.subCommands as
-              | readonly SlashCommand[]
-              | undefined;
-            partial = '';
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
     const depth = commandPathParts.length;
     const isArgumentCompletion = !!(
       leafCommand?.completion &&
@@ -182,8 +123,6 @@ function useCommandParser(
       partial,
       currentLevel,
       leafCommand,
-      exactMatchAsParent,
-      usedPrefixParentDescent,
       isArgumentCompletion,
     };
   }, [query, slashCommands]);
@@ -343,19 +282,9 @@ function useCommandSuggestions(
           });
 
           const finalSuggestions = sortedSuggestions.map((cmd) => {
-            const canonicalParentName =
-              parserResult.usedPrefixParentDescent &&
-              leafCommand &&
-              (leafCommand.name === 'chat' || leafCommand.name === 'resume')
-                ? leafCommand.name
-                : undefined;
-
             const suggestion: Suggestion = {
               label: cmd.name,
               value: cmd.name,
-              insertValue: canonicalParentName
-                ? `${canonicalParentName} ${cmd.name}`
-                : undefined,
               description: cmd.description,
               commandKind: cmd.kind,
             };
@@ -384,7 +313,7 @@ function useCommandSuggestions(
               description: 'Browse auto-saved chats',
               commandKind: CommandKind.BUILT_IN,
               sectionTitle: 'auto',
-              submitValue: `/${leafCommand.name}`,
+              submitValue: `/${canonicalParentName}`,
             };
             setSuggestions([autoSectionSuggestion, ...finalSuggestions]);
             return;
@@ -427,12 +356,10 @@ function useCompletionPositions(
       return { start: -1, end: -1 };
     }
 
-    const { hasTrailingSpace, partial, exactMatchAsParent } = parserResult;
+    const { hasTrailingSpace, partial } = parserResult;
 
     // Set completion start/end positions
-    if (parserResult.usedPrefixParentDescent) {
-      return { start: 1, end: query.length };
-    } else if (hasTrailingSpace || exactMatchAsParent) {
+    if (hasTrailingSpace) {
       return { start: query.length, end: query.length };
     } else if (partial) {
       if (parserResult.isArgumentCompletion) {
@@ -461,12 +388,7 @@ function usePerfectMatch(
       return { isPerfectMatch: false };
     }
 
-    if (
-      leafCommand &&
-      partial === '' &&
-      leafCommand.action &&
-      !parserResult.usedPrefixParentDescent
-    ) {
+    if (leafCommand && partial === '' && leafCommand.action) {
       return { isPerfectMatch: true };
     }
 

packages/cli/src/ui/layouts/DefaultAppLayout.test.tsx

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ const mockUIState = {
   dialogsVisible: false,
   streamingState: StreamingState.Idle,
   isBackgroundShellListOpen: false,
-  mainControlsRef: { current: null },
+  mainControlsRef: vi.fn(),
   customDialog: null,
   historyManager: { addItem: vi.fn() },
   history: [],

packages/cli/src/ui/layouts/DefaultAppLayout.tsx

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ export const DefaultAppLayout: React.FC = () => {
       flexDirection="column"
       width={uiState.terminalWidth}
       height={isAlternateBuffer ? terminalHeight : undefined}
+      paddingBottom={isAlternateBuffer ? 1 : undefined}
       flexShrink={0}
       flexGrow={0}
       overflow="hidden"
@@ -62,6 +63,9 @@ export const DefaultAppLayout: React.FC = () => {
         flexShrink={0}
         flexGrow={0}
         width={uiState.terminalWidth}
+        height={
+          uiState.copyModeEnabled ? uiState.stableControlsHeight : undefined
+        }
       >
         <Notifications />
         <CopyModeWarning />

packages/cli/src/ui/utils/ConsolePatcher.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2026 Google LLC
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+/* eslint-disable no-console */
+
+import { describe, it, expect, vi, afterEach } from 'vitest';
+import { ConsolePatcher } from './ConsolePatcher.js';
+
+describe('ConsolePatcher', () => {
+  let patcher: ConsolePatcher;
+  const onNewMessage = vi.fn();
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    if (patcher) {
+      patcher.cleanup();
+    }
+    vi.restoreAllMocks();
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+  });
+
+  it('should patch and restore console methods', () => {
+    const beforeLog = console.log;
+    const beforeWarn = console.warn;
+    const beforeError = console.error;
+    const beforeDebug = console.debug;
+    const beforeInfo = console.info;
+
+    patcher = new ConsolePatcher({ onNewMessage, debugMode: false });
+    patcher.patch();
+
+    expect(console.log).not.toBe(beforeLog);
+    expect(console.warn).not.toBe(beforeWarn);
+    expect(console.error).not.toBe(beforeError);
+    expect(console.debug).not.toBe(beforeDebug);
+    expect(console.info).not.toBe(beforeInfo);
+
+    patcher.cleanup();
+
+    expect(console.log).toBe(beforeLog);
+    expect(console.warn).toBe(beforeWarn);
+    expect(console.error).toBe(beforeError);
+    expect(console.debug).toBe(beforeDebug);
+    expect(console.info).toBe(beforeInfo);
+  });
+
+  describe('Interactive mode', () => {
+    it('should ignore log and info when it is not interactive and debugMode is false', () => {
+      patcher = new ConsolePatcher({
+        onNewMessage,
+        debugMode: false,
+        interactive: false,
+      });
+      patcher.patch();
+
+      console.log('test log');
+      console.info('test info');
+      expect(onNewMessage).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should not ignore log and info when it is not interactive and debugMode is true', () => {
+      patcher = new ConsolePatcher({
+        onNewMessage,
+        debugMode: true,
+        interactive: false,
+      });
+      patcher.patch();
+
+      console.log('test log');
+      expect(onNewMessage).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+        type: 'log',
+        content: 'test log',
+        count: 1,
+      });
+
+      console.info('test info');
+      expect(onNewMessage).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+        type: 'info',
+        content: 'test info',
+        count: 1,
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should not ignore log and info when it is interactive', () => {
+      patcher = new ConsolePatcher({
+        onNewMessage,
+        debugMode: false,
+        interactive: true,
+      });
+      patcher.patch();
+
+      console.log('test log');
+      expect(onNewMessage).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+        type: 'log',
+        content: 'test log',
+        count: 1,
+      });
+
+      console.info('test info');
+      expect(onNewMessage).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+        type: 'info',
+        content: 'test info',
+        count: 1,
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('when stderr is false', () => {
+    it('should call onNewMessage for log, warn, error, and info', () => {
+      patcher = new ConsolePatcher({
+        onNewMessage,
+        debugMode: false,
+        stderr: false,
+      });
+      patcher.patch();
+
+      console.log('test log');
+      expect(onNewMessage).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+        type: 'log',
+        content: 'test log',
+        count: 1,
+      });
+
+      console.warn('test warn');
+      expect(onNewMessage).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+        type: 'warn',
+        content: 'test warn',
+        count: 1,
+      });
+
+      console.error('test error');
+      expect(onNewMessage).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+        type: 'error',
+        content: 'test error',
+        count: 1,
+      });
+
+      console.info('test info');
+      expect(onNewMessage).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+        type: 'info',
+        content: 'test info',
+        count: 1,
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should not call onNewMessage for debug when debugMode is false', () => {
+      patcher = new ConsolePatcher({
+        onNewMessage,
+        debugMode: false,
+        stderr: false,
+      });
+      patcher.patch();
+
+      console.debug('test debug');
+      expect(onNewMessage).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should call onNewMessage for debug when debugMode is true', () => {
+      patcher = new ConsolePatcher({
+        onNewMessage,
+        debugMode: true,
+        stderr: false,
+      });
+      patcher.patch();
+
+      console.debug('test debug');
+      expect(onNewMessage).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+        type: 'debug',
+        content: 'test debug',
+        count: 1,
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should format multiple arguments using util.format', () => {
+      patcher = new ConsolePatcher({
+        onNewMessage,
+        debugMode: false,
+        stderr: false,
+      });
+      patcher.patch();
+
+      console.log('test %s %d', 'string', 123);
+      expect(onNewMessage).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+        type: 'log',
+        content: 'test string 123',
+        count: 1,
+      });
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('when stderr is true', () => {
+    it('should redirect warn and error to originalConsoleError', () => {
+      const spyError = vi.spyOn(console, 'error').mockImplementation(() => {});
+      patcher = new ConsolePatcher({ debugMode: false, stderr: true });
+      patcher.patch();
+
+      console.warn('test warn');
+      expect(spyError).toHaveBeenCalledWith('test warn');
+
+      console.error('test error');
+      expect(spyError).toHaveBeenCalledWith('test error');
+    });
+
+    it('should redirect log and info to originalConsoleError when debugMode is true', () => {
+      const spyError = vi.spyOn(console, 'error').mockImplementation(() => {});
+      patcher = new ConsolePatcher({ debugMode: true, stderr: true });
+      patcher.patch();
+
+      console.log('test log');
+      expect(spyError).toHaveBeenCalledWith('test log');
+
+      console.info('test info');
+      expect(spyError).toHaveBeenCalledWith('test info');
+    });
+
+    it('should ignore debug when debugMode is false', () => {
+      const spyError = vi.spyOn(console, 'error').mockImplementation(() => {});
+      patcher = new ConsolePatcher({ debugMode: false, stderr: true });
+      patcher.patch();
+
+      console.debug('test debug');
+      expect(spyError).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should redirect debug to originalConsoleError when debugMode is true', () => {
+      const spyError = vi.spyOn(console, 'error').mockImplementation(() => {});
+      patcher = new ConsolePatcher({ debugMode: true, stderr: true });
+      patcher.patch();
+
+      console.debug('test debug');
+      expect(spyError).toHaveBeenCalledWith('test debug');
+    });
+  });
+});

packages/cli/src/ui/utils/ConsolePatcher.ts

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ interface ConsolePatcherParams {
   onNewMessage?: (message: Omit<ConsoleMessageItem, 'id'>) => void;
   debugMode: boolean;
   stderr?: boolean;
+  interactive?: boolean;
 }
 
 export class ConsolePatcher {
@@ -49,12 +50,19 @@ export class ConsolePatcher {
   private patchConsoleMethod =
     (type: 'log' | 'warn' | 'error' | 'debug' | 'info') =>
     (...args: unknown[]) => {
-      if (this.params.stderr) {
-        if (type !== 'debug' || this.params.debugMode) {
-          this.originalConsoleError(this.formatArgs(args));
+      // When it is non interactive mode, do not show info logging unless
+      // it is debug mode. default to true if it is undefined.
+      if (this.params.interactive === false) {
+        if ((type === 'info' || type === 'log') && !this.params.debugMode) {
+          return;
         }
-      } else {
-        if (type !== 'debug' || this.params.debugMode) {
+      }
+      // When it is in the debug mode, redirect console output to stderr
+      // depending on if it is stderr only mode.
+      if (type !== 'debug' || this.params.debugMode) {
+        if (this.params.stderr) {
+          this.originalConsoleError(this.formatArgs(args));
+        } else {
           this.params.onNewMessage?.({
             type,
             content: this.formatArgs(args),

packages/cli/src/ui/utils/updateCheck.ts

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ export interface UpdateInfo {
 export interface UpdateObject {
   message: string;
   update: UpdateInfo;
+  isUpdating?: boolean;
 }
 
 /**

packages/cli/src/utils/handleAutoUpdate.test.ts

@@ -197,7 +197,9 @@ describe('handleAutoUpdate', () => {
 
     expect(updateEventEmitter.emit).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
     expect(updateEventEmitter.emit).toHaveBeenCalledWith('update-received', {
+      ...mockUpdateInfo,
       message: 'An update is available!\nPlease update manually.',
+      isUpdating: false,
     });
     expect(mockSpawn).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
@@ -236,7 +238,9 @@ describe('handleAutoUpdate', () => {
 
     expect(updateEventEmitter.emit).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
     expect(updateEventEmitter.emit).toHaveBeenCalledWith('update-received', {
+      ...mockUpdateInfo,
       message: 'An update is available!\nCannot determine update command.',
+      isUpdating: false,
     });
     expect(mockSpawn).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
@@ -253,7 +257,9 @@ describe('handleAutoUpdate', () => {
 
     expect(updateEventEmitter.emit).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
     expect(updateEventEmitter.emit).toHaveBeenCalledWith('update-received', {
+      ...mockUpdateInfo,
       message: 'An update is available!\nThis is an additional message.',
+      isUpdating: false,
     });
   });
 

packages/cli/src/utils/handleAutoUpdate.ts

@@ -102,17 +102,22 @@ export function handleAutoUpdate(
     combinedMessage += `\n${installationInfo.updateMessage}`;
   }
 
-  updateEventEmitter.emit('update-received', {
-    message: combinedMessage,
-  });
-
   if (
     !installationInfo.updateCommand ||
     !settings.merged.general.enableAutoUpdate
   ) {
+    updateEventEmitter.emit('update-received', {
+      ...info,
+      message: combinedMessage,
+      isUpdating: false,
+    });
     return;
   }
-
+  updateEventEmitter.emit('update-received', {
+    ...info,
+    message: combinedMessage,
+    isUpdating: true,
+  });
   if (_updateInProgress) {
     return;
   }

packages/core/src/agents/a2a-client-manager.test.ts

@@ -128,7 +128,10 @@ describe('A2AClientManager', () => {
 
   describe('getInstance / dispatcher initialization', () => {
     it('should use UndiciAgent when no proxy is configured', async () => {
-      await manager.loadAgent('TestAgent', 'http://test.agent/card');
+      await manager.loadAgent('TestAgent', {
+        type: 'url',
+        url: 'http://test.agent/card',
+      });
 
       const resolverOptions = vi.mocked(DefaultAgentCardResolver).mock
         .calls[0][0];
@@ -153,7 +156,10 @@ describe('A2AClientManager', () => {
       } as Config;
 
       manager = new A2AClientManager(mockConfigWithProxy);
-      await manager.loadAgent('TestProxyAgent', 'http://test.proxy.agent/card');
+      await manager.loadAgent('TestProxyAgent', {
+        type: 'url',
+        url: 'http://test.proxy.agent/card',
+      });
 
       const resolverOptions = vi.mocked(DefaultAgentCardResolver).mock
         .calls[0][0];
@@ -172,28 +178,40 @@ describe('A2AClientManager', () => {
 
   describe('loadAgent', () => {
     it('should create and cache an A2AClient', async () => {
-      const agentCard = await manager.loadAgent(
-        'TestAgent',
-        'http://test.agent/card',
-      );
+      const agentCard = await manager.loadAgent('TestAgent', {
+        type: 'url',
+        url: 'http://test.agent/card',
+      });
       expect(manager.getAgentCard('TestAgent')).toBe(agentCard);
       expect(manager.getClient('TestAgent')).toBeDefined();
     });
 
     it('should configure ClientFactory with REST, JSON-RPC, and gRPC transports', async () => {
-      await manager.loadAgent('TestAgent', 'http://test.agent/card');
+      await manager.loadAgent('TestAgent', {
+        type: 'url',
+        url: 'http://test.agent/card',
+      });
       expect(ClientFactoryOptions.createFrom).toHaveBeenCalled();
     });
 
     it('should throw an error if an agent with the same name is already loaded', async () => {
-      await manager.loadAgent('TestAgent', 'http://test.agent/card');
+      await manager.loadAgent('TestAgent', {
+        type: 'url',
+        url: 'http://test.agent/card',
+      });
       await expect(
-        manager.loadAgent('TestAgent', 'http://test.agent/card'),
+        manager.loadAgent('TestAgent', {
+          type: 'url',
+          url: 'http://test.agent/card',
+        }),
       ).rejects.toThrow("Agent with name 'TestAgent' is already loaded.");
     });
 
     it('should use native fetch by default', async () => {
-      await manager.loadAgent('TestAgent', 'http://test.agent/card');
+      await manager.loadAgent('TestAgent', {
+        type: 'url',
+        url: 'http://test.agent/card',
+      });
       expect(createAuthenticatingFetchWithRetry).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     });
 
@@ -204,7 +222,7 @@ describe('A2AClientManager', () => {
       };
       await manager.loadAgent(
         'TestAgent',
-        'http://test.agent/card',
+        { type: 'url', url: 'http://test.agent/card' },
         customAuthHandler as unknown as AuthenticationHandler,
       );
 
@@ -221,7 +239,7 @@ describe('A2AClientManager', () => {
       };
       await manager.loadAgent(
         'AuthCardAgent',
-        'http://authcard.agent/card',
+        { type: 'url', url: 'http://authcard.agent/card' },
         customAuthHandler as unknown as AuthenticationHandler,
       );
 
@@ -252,7 +270,7 @@ describe('A2AClientManager', () => {
 
       await manager.loadAgent(
         'AuthCardAgent401',
-        'http://authcard.agent/card',
+        { type: 'url', url: 'http://authcard.agent/card' },
         customAuthHandler as unknown as AuthenticationHandler,
       );
 
@@ -267,19 +285,65 @@ describe('A2AClientManager', () => {
     });
 
     it('should log a debug message upon loading an agent', async () => {
-      await manager.loadAgent('TestAgent', 'http://test.agent/card');
+      await manager.loadAgent('TestAgent', {
+        type: 'url',
+        url: 'http://test.agent/card',
+      });
       expect(debugLogger.debug).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
         expect.stringContaining("Loaded agent 'TestAgent'"),
       );
     });
 
     it('should clear the cache', async () => {
-      await manager.loadAgent('TestAgent', 'http://test.agent/card');
+      await manager.loadAgent('TestAgent', {
+        type: 'url',
+        url: 'http://test.agent/card',
+      });
       manager.clearCache();
       expect(manager.getAgentCard('TestAgent')).toBeUndefined();
       expect(manager.getClient('TestAgent')).toBeUndefined();
     });
 
+    it('should load an agent from inline JSON without calling resolver', async () => {
+      const inlineJson = JSON.stringify(mockAgentCard);
+      const agentCard = await manager.loadAgent('JsonAgent', {
+        type: 'json',
+        json: inlineJson,
+      });
+      expect(agentCard).toBeDefined();
+      expect(agentCard.name).toBe('test-agent');
+      expect(manager.getAgentCard('JsonAgent')).toBe(agentCard);
+      expect(manager.getClient('JsonAgent')).toBeDefined();
+      // Resolver should not have been called for inline JSON
+      const resolverInstance = vi.mocked(DefaultAgentCardResolver).mock
+        .results[0]?.value;
+      if (resolverInstance) {
+        expect(resolverInstance.resolve).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      }
+    });
+
+    it('should throw a descriptive error for invalid inline JSON', async () => {
+      await expect(
+        manager.loadAgent('BadJsonAgent', {
+          type: 'json',
+          json: 'not valid json {{',
+        }),
+      ).rejects.toThrow(
+        /Failed to parse inline agent card JSON for agent 'BadJsonAgent'/,
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should log "inline JSON" for JSON-loaded agents', async () => {
+      const inlineJson = JSON.stringify(mockAgentCard);
+      await manager.loadAgent('JsonLogAgent', {
+        type: 'json',
+        json: inlineJson,
+      });
+      expect(debugLogger.debug).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.stringContaining('inline JSON'),
+      );
+    });
+
     it('should throw if resolveAgentCard fails', async () => {
       const resolverInstance = {
         resolve: vi.fn().mockRejectedValue(new Error('Resolution failed')),
@@ -289,7 +353,10 @@ describe('A2AClientManager', () => {
       );
 
       await expect(
-        manager.loadAgent('FailAgent', 'http://fail.agent'),
+        manager.loadAgent('FailAgent', {
+          type: 'url',
+          url: 'http://fail.agent',
+        }),
       ).rejects.toThrow('Resolution failed');
     });
 
@@ -304,7 +371,10 @@ describe('A2AClientManager', () => {
       );
 
       await expect(
-        manager.loadAgent('FailAgent', 'http://fail.agent'),
+        manager.loadAgent('FailAgent', {
+          type: 'url',
+          url: 'http://fail.agent',
+        }),
       ).rejects.toThrow('Factory failed');
     });
   });
@@ -318,7 +388,10 @@ describe('A2AClientManager', () => {
 
   describe('sendMessageStream', () => {
     beforeEach(async () => {
-      await manager.loadAgent('TestAgent', 'http://test.agent/card');
+      await manager.loadAgent('TestAgent', {
+        type: 'url',
+        url: 'http://test.agent/card',
+      });
     });
 
     it('should send a message and return a stream', async () => {
@@ -433,7 +506,10 @@ describe('A2AClientManager', () => {
 
   describe('getTask', () => {
     beforeEach(async () => {
-      await manager.loadAgent('TestAgent', 'http://test.agent/card');
+      await manager.loadAgent('TestAgent', {
+        type: 'url',
+        url: 'http://test.agent/card',
+      });
     });
 
     it('should get a task from the correct agent', async () => {
@@ -462,7 +538,10 @@ describe('A2AClientManager', () => {
 
   describe('cancelTask', () => {
     beforeEach(async () => {
-      await manager.loadAgent('TestAgent', 'http://test.agent/card');
+      await manager.loadAgent('TestAgent', {
+        type: 'url',
+        url: 'http://test.agent/card',
+      });
     });
 
     it('should cancel a task on the correct agent', async () => {

packages/core/src/agents/a2a-client-manager.ts

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import * as grpc from '@grpc/grpc-js';
 import { v4 as uuidv4 } from 'uuid';
 import { Agent as UndiciAgent, ProxyAgent } from 'undici';
 import { normalizeAgentCard } from './a2aUtils.js';
+import type { AgentCardLoadOptions } from './types.js';
 import type { Config } from '../config/config.js';
 import { debugLogger } from '../utils/debugLogger.js';
 import { classifyAgentError } from './a2a-errors.js';
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ export class A2AClientManager {
    */
   async loadAgent(
     name: string,
-    agentCardUrl: string,
+    options: AgentCardLoadOptions,
     authHandler?: AuthenticationHandler,
   ): Promise<AgentCard> {
     if (this.clients.has(name) && this.agentCards.has(name)) {
@@ -119,7 +120,24 @@ export class A2AClientManager {
     };
 
     const resolver = new DefaultAgentCardResolver({ fetchImpl: cardFetch });
-    const rawCard = await resolver.resolve(agentCardUrl, '');
+
+    let rawCard: unknown;
+    let urlIdentifier = 'inline JSON';
+
+    if (options.type === 'json') {
+      try {
+        rawCard = JSON.parse(options.json);
+      } catch (error) {
+        const msg = error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error);
+        throw new Error(
+          `Failed to parse inline agent card JSON for agent '${name}': ${msg}`,
+        );
+      }
+    } else {
+      urlIdentifier = options.url;
+      rawCard = await resolver.resolve(options.url, '');
+    }
+
     // TODO: Remove normalizeAgentCard once @a2a-js/sdk handles
     // proto field name aliases (supportedInterfaces → additionalInterfaces,
     // protocolBinding → transport).
@@ -153,12 +171,12 @@ export class A2AClientManager {
       this.agentCards.set(name, agentCard);
 
       debugLogger.debug(
-        `[A2AClientManager] Loaded agent '${name}' from ${agentCardUrl}`,
+        `[A2AClientManager] Loaded agent '${name}' from ${urlIdentifier}`,
       );
 
       return agentCard;
     } catch (error: unknown) {
-      throw classifyAgentError(name, agentCardUrl, error);
+      throw classifyAgentError(name, urlIdentifier, error);
     }
   }
 

packages/core/src/agents/agentLoader.test.ts

@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@ import {
   DEFAULT_MAX_TIME_MINUTES,
   DEFAULT_MAX_TURNS,
   type LocalAgentDefinition,
+  type RemoteAgentDefinition,
+  getAgentCardLoadOptions,
+  getRemoteAgentTargetUrl,
 } from './types.js';
 
 describe('loader', () => {
@@ -232,6 +235,75 @@ agent_card_url: https://example.com/card
       });
     });
 
+    it('should parse a remote agent with agent_card_json', async () => {
+      const cardJson = JSON.stringify({
+        name: 'json-agent',
+        url: 'https://example.com/agent',
+        version: '1.0',
+      });
+      const filePath = await writeAgentMarkdown(`---
+kind: remote
+name: json-remote
+description: A JSON-based remote agent
+agent_card_json: '${cardJson}'
+---
+`);
+      const result = await parseAgentMarkdown(filePath);
+      expect(result).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(result[0]).toMatchObject({
+        kind: 'remote',
+        name: 'json-remote',
+        description: 'A JSON-based remote agent',
+        agent_card_json: cardJson,
+      });
+      // Should NOT have agent_card_url
+      expect(result[0]).not.toHaveProperty('agent_card_url');
+    });
+
+    it('should reject agent_card_json that is not valid JSON', async () => {
+      const filePath = await writeAgentMarkdown(`---
+kind: remote
+name: invalid-json-remote
+agent_card_json: "not valid json {{"
+---
+`);
+      await expect(parseAgentMarkdown(filePath)).rejects.toThrow(
+        /agent_card_json must be valid JSON/,
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should reject a remote agent with both agent_card_url and agent_card_json', async () => {
+      const filePath = await writeAgentMarkdown(`---
+kind: remote
+name: both-fields
+agent_card_url: https://example.com/card
+agent_card_json: '{"name":"test"}'
+---
+`);
+      await expect(parseAgentMarkdown(filePath)).rejects.toThrow(
+        /Validation failed/,
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should infer remote kind from agent_card_json', async () => {
+      const cardJson = JSON.stringify({
+        name: 'test',
+        url: 'https://example.com',
+      });
+      const filePath = await writeAgentMarkdown(`---
+name: inferred-json-remote
+agent_card_json: '${cardJson}'
+---
+`);
+      const result = await parseAgentMarkdown(filePath);
+      expect(result).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(result[0]).toMatchObject({
+        kind: 'remote',
+        name: 'inferred-json-remote',
+        agent_card_json: cardJson,
+      });
+    });
+
     it('should throw AgentLoadError if agent name is not a valid slug', async () => {
       const filePath = await writeAgentMarkdown(`---
 name: Invalid Name With Spaces
@@ -465,6 +537,40 @@ Body`);
         },
       });
     });
+
+    it('should convert remote agent definition with agent_card_json', () => {
+      const cardJson = JSON.stringify({
+        name: 'json-agent',
+        url: 'https://example.com/agent',
+      });
+      const markdown = {
+        kind: 'remote' as const,
+        name: 'json-remote',
+        description: 'A JSON remote agent',
+        agent_card_json: cardJson,
+      };
+
+      const result = markdownToAgentDefinition(
+        markdown,
+      ) as RemoteAgentDefinition;
+      expect(result.kind).toBe('remote');
+      expect(result.name).toBe('json-remote');
+      expect(result.agentCardJson).toBe(cardJson);
+      expect(result.agentCardUrl).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should throw for remote agent with neither agent_card_url nor agent_card_json', () => {
+      // Cast to bypass compile-time check — this tests the runtime guard
+      const markdown = {
+        kind: 'remote' as const,
+        name: 'no-card-agent',
+        description: 'Missing card info',
+      } as Parameters<typeof markdownToAgentDefinition>[0];
+
+      expect(() => markdownToAgentDefinition(markdown)).toThrow(
+        /neither agent_card_json nor agent_card_url/,
+      );
+    });
   });
 
   describe('loadAgentsFromDirectory', () => {
@@ -857,4 +963,83 @@ auth:
       );
     });
   });
+
+  describe('getAgentCardLoadOptions', () => {
+    it('should return json options when agentCardJson is present', () => {
+      const def = {
+        name: 'test',
+        agentCardJson: '{"url":"http://x"}',
+      } as RemoteAgentDefinition;
+      const opts = getAgentCardLoadOptions(def);
+      expect(opts).toEqual({ type: 'json', json: '{"url":"http://x"}' });
+    });
+
+    it('should return url options when agentCardUrl is present', () => {
+      const def = {
+        name: 'test',
+        agentCardUrl: 'http://x/card',
+      } as RemoteAgentDefinition;
+      const opts = getAgentCardLoadOptions(def);
+      expect(opts).toEqual({ type: 'url', url: 'http://x/card' });
+    });
+
+    it('should prefer agentCardJson over agentCardUrl when both present', () => {
+      const def = {
+        name: 'test',
+        agentCardJson: '{"url":"http://x"}',
+        agentCardUrl: 'http://x/card',
+      } as RemoteAgentDefinition;
+      const opts = getAgentCardLoadOptions(def);
+      expect(opts.type).toBe('json');
+    });
+
+    it('should throw when neither is present', () => {
+      const def = { name: 'orphan' } as RemoteAgentDefinition;
+      expect(() => getAgentCardLoadOptions(def)).toThrow(
+        /Remote agent 'orphan' has neither agentCardUrl nor agentCardJson/,
+      );
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('getRemoteAgentTargetUrl', () => {
+    it('should return agentCardUrl when present', () => {
+      const def = {
+        name: 'test',
+        agentCardUrl: 'http://x/card',
+      } as RemoteAgentDefinition;
+      expect(getRemoteAgentTargetUrl(def)).toBe('http://x/card');
+    });
+
+    it('should extract url from agentCardJson when agentCardUrl is absent', () => {
+      const def = {
+        name: 'test',
+        agentCardJson: JSON.stringify({
+          name: 'agent',
+          url: 'https://example.com/agent',
+        }),
+      } as RemoteAgentDefinition;
+      expect(getRemoteAgentTargetUrl(def)).toBe('https://example.com/agent');
+    });
+
+    it('should return undefined when JSON has no url field', () => {
+      const def = {
+        name: 'test',
+        agentCardJson: JSON.stringify({ name: 'agent' }),
+      } as RemoteAgentDefinition;
+      expect(getRemoteAgentTargetUrl(def)).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should return undefined when agentCardJson is invalid JSON', () => {
+      const def = {
+        name: 'test',
+        agentCardJson: 'not json',
+      } as RemoteAgentDefinition;
+      expect(getRemoteAgentTargetUrl(def)).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should return undefined when neither field is present', () => {
+      const def = { name: 'test' } as RemoteAgentDefinition;
+      expect(getRemoteAgentTargetUrl(def)).toBeUndefined();
+    });
+  });
 });

packages/core/src/agents/agentLoader.ts

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import * as crypto from 'node:crypto';
 import { z } from 'zod';
 import {
   type AgentDefinition,
+  type RemoteAgentDefinition,
   DEFAULT_MAX_TURNS,
   DEFAULT_MAX_TIME_MINUTES,
 } from './types.js';
@@ -171,17 +172,43 @@ const authConfigSchema = z
 
 type FrontmatterAuthConfig = z.infer<typeof authConfigSchema>;
 
-const remoteAgentSchema = z
-  .object({
-    kind: z.literal('remote').optional().default('remote'),
-    name: nameSchema,
-    description: z.string().optional(),
-    display_name: z.string().optional(),
+const baseRemoteAgentSchema = z.object({
+  kind: z.literal('remote').optional().default('remote'),
+  name: nameSchema,
+  description: z.string().optional(),
+  display_name: z.string().optional(),
+  auth: authConfigSchema.optional(),
+});
+
+const remoteAgentUrlSchema = baseRemoteAgentSchema
+  .extend({
     agent_card_url: z.string().url(),
-    auth: authConfigSchema.optional(),
+    agent_card_json: z.undefined().optional(),
   })
   .strict();
 
+const remoteAgentJsonSchema = baseRemoteAgentSchema
+  .extend({
+    agent_card_url: z.undefined().optional(),
+    agent_card_json: z.string().refine(
+      (val) => {
+        try {
+          JSON.parse(val);
+          return true;
+        } catch {
+          return false;
+        }
+      },
+      { message: 'agent_card_json must be valid JSON' },
+    ),
+  })
+  .strict();
+
+const remoteAgentSchema = z.union([
+  remoteAgentUrlSchema,
+  remoteAgentJsonSchema,
+]);
+
 type FrontmatterRemoteAgentDefinition = z.infer<typeof remoteAgentSchema>;
 
 type FrontmatterAgentDefinition =
@@ -189,15 +216,17 @@ type FrontmatterAgentDefinition =
   | FrontmatterRemoteAgentDefinition;
 
 const agentUnionOptions = [
-  { schema: localAgentSchema, label: 'Local Agent' },
-  { schema: remoteAgentSchema, label: 'Remote Agent' },
-] as const;
+  { label: 'Local Agent' },
+  { label: 'Remote Agent' },
+  { label: 'Remote Agent' },
+];
 
 const remoteAgentsListSchema = z.array(remoteAgentSchema);
 
 const markdownFrontmatterSchema = z.union([
-  agentUnionOptions[0].schema,
-  agentUnionOptions[1].schema,
+  localAgentSchema,
+  remoteAgentUrlSchema,
+  remoteAgentJsonSchema,
 ]);
 
 function guessIntendedKind(rawInput: unknown): 'local' | 'remote' | undefined {
@@ -215,7 +244,8 @@ function guessIntendedKind(rawInput: unknown): 'local' | 'remote' | undefined {
     'temperature' in input ||
     'max_turns' in input ||
     'timeout_mins' in input;
-  const hasRemoteKeys = 'agent_card_url' in input || 'auth' in input;
+  const hasRemoteKeys =
+    'agent_card_url' in input || 'auth' in input || 'agent_card_json' in input;
 
   if (hasLocalKeys && !hasRemoteKeys) return 'local';
   if (hasRemoteKeys && !hasLocalKeys) return 'remote';
@@ -230,35 +260,29 @@ function formatZodError(
 ): string {
   const intendedKind = rawInput ? guessIntendedKind(rawInput) : undefined;
 
-  const issues = error.issues
-    .map((i) => {
+  const formatIssues = (issues: z.ZodIssue[], unionPrefix?: string): string[] =>
+    issues.flatMap((i) => {
+      // Handle union errors specifically to give better context
       if (i.code === z.ZodIssueCode.invalid_union) {
-        return i.unionErrors
-          .map((unionError, index) => {
-            const label =
-              agentUnionOptions[index]?.label ?? `Agent type #${index + 1}`;
+        return i.unionErrors.flatMap((unionError, index) => {
+          const label = unionPrefix
+            ? unionPrefix
+            : ((agentUnionOptions[index] as { label?: string })?.label ??
+              `Branch #${index + 1}`);
 
-            if (intendedKind === 'local' && label === 'Remote Agent')
-              return null;
-            if (intendedKind === 'remote' && label === 'Local Agent')
-              return null;
+          if (intendedKind === 'local' && label === 'Remote Agent') return [];
+          if (intendedKind === 'remote' && label === 'Local Agent') return [];
 
-            const unionIssues = unionError.issues
-              .map((u) => {
-                const pathStr = u.path.join('.');
-                return pathStr ? `${pathStr}: ${u.message}` : u.message;
-              })
-              .join(', ');
-            return `(${label}) ${unionIssues}`;
-          })
-          .filter(Boolean)
-          .join('\n');
+          return formatIssues(unionError.issues, label);
+        });
       }
-      const pathStr = i.path.join('.');
-      return pathStr ? `${pathStr}: ${i.message}` : i.message;
-    })
-    .join('\n');
-  return `${context}:\n${issues}`;
+      const prefix = unionPrefix ? `(${unionPrefix}) ` : '';
+      const path = i.path.length > 0 ? `${i.path.join('.')}: ` : '';
+      return `${prefix}${path}${i.message}`;
+    });
+
+  const formatted = Array.from(new Set(formatIssues(error.issues))).join('\n');
+  return `${context}:\n${formatted}`;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -397,9 +421,7 @@ function convertFrontmatterAuthToConfig(
           return {
             type: 'http',
             scheme: 'Basic',
-
             username: frontmatter.username!,
-
             password: frontmatter.password!,
           };
         default:
@@ -453,18 +475,34 @@ export function markdownToAgentDefinition(
   };
 
   if (markdown.kind === 'remote') {
-    return {
+    const base: RemoteAgentDefinition = {
       kind: 'remote',
       name: markdown.name,
       description: markdown.description || '',
       displayName: markdown.display_name,
-      agentCardUrl: markdown.agent_card_url,
       auth: markdown.auth
         ? convertFrontmatterAuthToConfig(markdown.auth)
         : undefined,
       inputConfig,
       metadata,
     };
+
+    if (
+      'agent_card_json' in markdown &&
+      markdown.agent_card_json !== undefined
+    ) {
+      base.agentCardJson = markdown.agent_card_json;
+      return base;
+    }
+    if ('agent_card_url' in markdown && markdown.agent_card_url !== undefined) {
+      base.agentCardUrl = markdown.agent_card_url;
+      return base;
+    }
+
+    throw new AgentLoadError(
+      metadata?.filePath || 'unknown',
+      'Unexpected state: neither agent_card_json nor agent_card_url present on remote agent',
+    );
   }
 
   // If a model is specified, use it. Otherwise, inherit

packages/core/src/agents/browser/browserAgentDefinition.ts

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ export function buildBrowserSystemPrompt(
           .map((d) => `- ${d}`)
           .join(
             '\n',
-          )}\nDo NOT attempt to navigate to any other domains using new_page or navigate_page, as it will be rejected. This is a hard security constraint.`
+          )}\nDo NOT attempt to navigate to any other domains using new_page or navigate_page, as it will be rejected. This is a hard security constraint.\nDo NOT use proxy services (e.g. Google Translate, Google AMP, or any URL translation/caching service) to access content from domains outside this list. Embedding a blocked URL as a parameter of an allowed-domain service is a direct violation of this security restriction.`
       : '';
 
   return `You are an expert browser automation agent (Orchestrator). Your goal is to completely fulfill the user's request.${allowedDomainsInstruction}

packages/core/src/agents/browser/browserAgentFactory.test.ts

@@ -379,9 +379,19 @@ describe('browserAgentFactory', () => {
 
     it('should register ALLOW rules for read-only tools', async () => {
       mockBrowserManager.getDiscoveredTools.mockResolvedValue([
-        { name: 'take_snapshot', description: 'Take snapshot' },
-        { name: 'take_screenshot', description: 'Take screenshot' },
-        { name: 'list_pages', description: 'list all pages' },
+        {
+          name: 'take_snapshot',
+          description: 'Take snapshot',
+        },
+        {
+          name: 'take_screenshot',
+          description: 'Take screenshot',
+        },
+        {
+          name: 'list_pages',
+          description: 'list all pages',
+          annotations: { readOnlyHint: true },
+        },
       ]);
 
       await createBrowserAgentDefinition(mockConfig, mockMessageBus);
@@ -467,6 +477,7 @@ describe('buildBrowserSystemPrompt', () => {
     expect(prompt).toContain('SECURITY DOMAIN RESTRICTION - CRITICAL:');
     expect(prompt).toContain('- github.com');
     expect(prompt).toContain('- *.google.com');
+    expect(prompt).toContain('Do NOT use proxy services');
   });
 
   it('should exclude allowed domains restriction when not provided or empty', () => {

packages/core/src/agents/browser/browserAgentFactory.ts

@@ -120,13 +120,12 @@ export async function createBrowserAgentDefinition(
     }
 
     // Reduce noise for read-only tools in default mode
-    const readOnlyTools = [
-      'take_snapshot',
-      'take_screenshot',
-      'list_pages',
-      'list_network_requests',
-    ];
-    for (const toolName of readOnlyTools) {
+    const readOnlyTools = (await browserManager.getDiscoveredTools())
+      .filter((t) => !!t.annotations?.readOnlyHint)
+      .map((t) => t.name);
+    const allowlistedReadonlyTools = ['take_snapshot', 'take_screenshot'];
+
+    for (const toolName of [...readOnlyTools, ...allowlistedReadonlyTools]) {
       if (availableToolNames.includes(toolName)) {
         const rule = generateAllowRules(toolName);
         if (!existingRules.some((r) => isRuleEqual(r, rule))) {

packages/core/src/agents/browser/browserManager.test.ts

@@ -272,6 +272,76 @@ describe('BrowserManager', () => {
       expect(result.isError).toBe(true);
       expect((result.content || [])[0]?.text).toContain('not permitted');
     });
+
+    it('should block proxy URL with embedded disallowed domain in query params', async () => {
+      const restrictedConfig = makeFakeConfig({
+        agents: {
+          browser: {
+            allowedDomains: ['*.google.com'],
+          },
+        },
+      });
+      const manager = new BrowserManager(restrictedConfig);
+      const result = await manager.callTool('new_page', {
+        url: 'https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=en&tl=en&u=https://blocked.org/page',
+      });
+
+      expect(result.isError).toBe(true);
+      expect((result.content || [])[0]?.text).toContain(
+        'an embedded URL targets a disallowed domain',
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should block proxy URL with embedded disallowed domain in URL fragment (hash)', async () => {
+      const restrictedConfig = makeFakeConfig({
+        agents: {
+          browser: {
+            allowedDomains: ['*.google.com'],
+          },
+        },
+      });
+      const manager = new BrowserManager(restrictedConfig);
+      const result = await manager.callTool('new_page', {
+        url: 'https://translate.google.com/#view=home&op=translate&sl=en&tl=zh-CN&u=https://blocked.org',
+      });
+
+      expect(result.isError).toBe(true);
+      expect((result.content || [])[0]?.text).toContain(
+        'an embedded URL targets a disallowed domain',
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should allow proxy URL when embedded domain is also allowed', async () => {
+      const restrictedConfig = makeFakeConfig({
+        agents: {
+          browser: {
+            allowedDomains: ['*.google.com', 'github.com'],
+          },
+        },
+      });
+      const manager = new BrowserManager(restrictedConfig);
+      const result = await manager.callTool('new_page', {
+        url: 'https://translate.google.com/translate?u=https://github.com/repo',
+      });
+
+      expect(result.isError).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should allow navigation to allowed domain without proxy params', async () => {
+      const restrictedConfig = makeFakeConfig({
+        agents: {
+          browser: {
+            allowedDomains: ['*.google.com'],
+          },
+        },
+      });
+      const manager = new BrowserManager(restrictedConfig);
+      const result = await manager.callTool('new_page', {
+        url: 'https://translate.google.com/?sl=en&tl=zh',
+      });
+
+      expect(result.isError).toBe(false);
+    });
   });
 
   describe('MCP connection', () => {

packages/core/src/agents/browser/browserManager.ts

@@ -610,29 +610,65 @@ export class BrowserManager {
 
     try {
       const parsedUrl = new URL(url);
-      const urlHostname = parsedUrl.hostname.replace(/\.$/, '');
+      const urlHostname = parsedUrl.hostname;
 
-      for (const domainPattern of allowedDomains) {
-        if (domainPattern.startsWith('*.')) {
-          const baseDomain = domainPattern.substring(2);
+      if (!this.isDomainAllowed(urlHostname, allowedDomains)) {
+        // If none matched, then deny
+        return `Tool '${toolName}' is not permitted for the requested URL/domain based on your current browser settings.`;
+      }
+
+      // Check query parameters for embedded URLs that could bypass domain
+      // restrictions via proxy services (e.g. translate.google.com/translate?u=BLOCKED).
+      const paramsToCheck = [
+        ...parsedUrl.searchParams.values(),
+        // Also check fragments which might contain query-like params
+        ...new URLSearchParams(parsedUrl.hash.replace(/^#/, '')).values(),
+      ];
+      for (const paramValue of paramsToCheck) {
+        try {
+          const embeddedUrl = new URL(paramValue);
           if (
-            urlHostname === baseDomain ||
-            urlHostname.endsWith(`.${baseDomain}`)
+            embeddedUrl.protocol === 'http:' ||
+            embeddedUrl.protocol === 'https:'
           ) {
-            return undefined;
-          }
-        } else {
-          if (urlHostname === domainPattern) {
-            return undefined;
+            const embeddedHostname = embeddedUrl.hostname.replace(/\.$/, '');
+            if (!this.isDomainAllowed(embeddedHostname, allowedDomains)) {
+              return `Tool '${toolName}' is not permitted: an embedded URL targets a disallowed domain.`;
+            }
           }
+        } catch {
+          // Not a valid URL, skip.
         }
       }
+
+      return undefined;
     } catch {
       return `Invalid URL: Malformed URL string.`;
     }
+  }
 
+  /**
+   * Checks whether a hostname matches any pattern in the allowed domains list.
+   */
+  private isDomainAllowed(hostname: string, allowedDomains: string[]): boolean {
+    const normalized = hostname.replace(/\.$/, '');
+    for (const domainPattern of allowedDomains) {
+      if (domainPattern.startsWith('*.')) {
+        const baseDomain = domainPattern.substring(2);
+        if (
+          normalized === baseDomain ||
+          normalized.endsWith(`.${baseDomain}`)
+        ) {
+          return true;
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (normalized === domainPattern) {
+          return true;
+        }
+      }
+    }
     // If none matched, then deny
-    return `Tool '${toolName}' is not permitted for the requested URL/domain based on your current browser settings.`;
+    return false;
   }
 
   /**

packages/core/src/agents/local-executor.ts

@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ export class LocalAgentExecutor<TOutput extends z.ZodTypeAny> {
   ): Promise<AgentTurnResult> {
     const promptId = `${this.agentId}#${turnCounter}`;
 
-    await this.tryCompressChat(chat, promptId);
+    await this.tryCompressChat(chat, promptId, combinedSignal);
 
     const { functionCalls } = await promptIdContext.run(promptId, async () =>
       this.callModel(chat, currentMessage, combinedSignal, promptId),
@@ -810,6 +810,7 @@ export class LocalAgentExecutor<TOutput extends z.ZodTypeAny> {
   private async tryCompressChat(
     chat: GeminiChat,
     prompt_id: string,
+    abortSignal?: AbortSignal,
   ): Promise<void> {
     const model = this.definition.modelConfig.model ?? DEFAULT_GEMINI_MODEL;
 
@@ -820,6 +821,7 @@ export class LocalAgentExecutor<TOutput extends z.ZodTypeAny> {
       model,
       this.context.config,
       this.hasFailedCompressionAttempt,
+      abortSignal,
     );
 
     if (

packages/core/src/agents/registry.test.ts

@@ -596,7 +596,7 @@ describe('AgentRegistry', () => {
       });
       expect(loadAgentSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
         'RemoteAgentWithAuth',
-        'https://example.com/card',
+        { type: 'url', url: 'https://example.com/card' },
         mockHandler,
       );
       expect(registry.getDefinition('RemoteAgentWithAuth')).toEqual(

packages/core/src/agents/registry.ts

@@ -4,10 +4,12 @@
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
  */
 
+import * as crypto from 'node:crypto';
 import { Storage } from '../config/storage.js';
 import { CoreEvent, coreEvents } from '../utils/events.js';
 import type { AgentOverride, Config } from '../config/config.js';
 import type { AgentDefinition, LocalAgentDefinition } from './types.js';
+import { getAgentCardLoadOptions, getRemoteAgentTargetUrl } from './types.js';
 import { loadAgentsFromDirectory } from './agentLoader.js';
 import { CodebaseInvestigatorAgent } from './codebase-investigator.js';
 import { CliHelpAgent } from './cli-help-agent.js';
@@ -162,7 +164,14 @@ export class AgentRegistry {
           if (!agent.metadata) {
             agent.metadata = {};
           }
-          agent.metadata.hash = agent.agentCardUrl;
+          agent.metadata.hash =
+            agent.agentCardUrl ??
+            (agent.agentCardJson
+              ? crypto
+                  .createHash('sha256')
+                  .update(agent.agentCardJson)
+                  .digest('hex')
+              : undefined);
         }
 
         if (!agent.metadata?.hash) {
@@ -443,12 +452,13 @@ export class AgentRegistry {
         );
         return;
       }
+      const targetUrl = getRemoteAgentTargetUrl(remoteDef);
       let authHandler: AuthenticationHandler | undefined;
       if (definition.auth) {
         const provider = await A2AAuthProviderFactory.create({
           authConfig: definition.auth,
           agentName: definition.name,
-          targetUrl: definition.agentCardUrl,
+          targetUrl,
           agentCardUrl: remoteDef.agentCardUrl,
         });
         if (!provider) {
@@ -461,7 +471,7 @@ export class AgentRegistry {
 
       const agentCard = await clientManager.loadAgent(
         remoteDef.name,
-        remoteDef.agentCardUrl,
+        getAgentCardLoadOptions(remoteDef),
         authHandler,
       );
 
@@ -515,7 +525,7 @@ export class AgentRegistry {
 
       if (this.config.getDebugMode()) {
         debugLogger.log(
-          `[AgentRegistry] Registered remote agent '${definition.name}' with card: ${definition.agentCardUrl}`,
+          `[AgentRegistry] Registered remote agent '${definition.name}' with card: ${definition.agentCardUrl ?? 'inline JSON'}`,
         );
       }
       this.agents.set(definition.name, definition);

packages/core/src/agents/remote-invocation.test.ts

@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ describe('RemoteAgentInvocation', () => {
 
       expect(mockClientManager.loadAgent).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
         'test-agent',
-        'http://test-agent/card',
+        { type: 'url', url: 'http://test-agent/card' },
         undefined,
       );
     });
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ describe('RemoteAgentInvocation', () => {
       });
       expect(mockClientManager.loadAgent).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
         'test-agent',
-        'http://test-agent/card',
+        { type: 'url', url: 'http://test-agent/card' },
         mockHandler,
       );
     });
@@ -266,11 +266,10 @@ describe('RemoteAgentInvocation', () => {
       );
       const result = await invocation.execute(new AbortController().signal);
 
-      expect(result.returnDisplay).toMatchObject({
-        result: expect.stringContaining(
-          "Failed to create auth provider for agent 'test-agent'",
-        ),
-      });
+      expect(result.returnDisplay).toMatchObject({ state: 'error' });
+      expect((result.returnDisplay as SubagentProgress).result).toContain(
+        "Failed to create auth provider for agent 'test-agent'",
+      );
     });
 
     it('should not load the agent if already present', async () => {

packages/core/src/agents/remote-invocation.ts

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ import {
   type RemoteAgentDefinition,
   type AgentInputs,
   type SubagentProgress,
+  getAgentCardLoadOptions,
+  getRemoteAgentTargetUrl,
 } from './types.js';
 import { type AgentLoopContext } from '../config/agent-loop-context.js';
 import type { MessageBus } from '../confirmation-bus/message-bus.js';
@@ -92,10 +94,11 @@ export class RemoteAgentInvocation extends BaseToolInvocation<
     }
 
     if (this.definition.auth) {
+      const targetUrl = getRemoteAgentTargetUrl(this.definition);
       const provider = await A2AAuthProviderFactory.create({
         authConfig: this.definition.auth,
         agentName: this.definition.name,
-        targetUrl: this.definition.agentCardUrl,
+        targetUrl,
         agentCardUrl: this.definition.agentCardUrl,
       });
       if (!provider) {
@@ -162,7 +165,7 @@ export class RemoteAgentInvocation extends BaseToolInvocation<
       if (!this.clientManager.getClient(this.definition.name)) {
         await this.clientManager.loadAgent(
           this.definition.name,
-          this.definition.agentCardUrl,
+          getAgentCardLoadOptions(this.definition),
           authHandler,
         );
       }

packages/core/src/agents/types.ts

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import type { AnyDeclarativeTool } from '../tools/tools.js';
 import { type z } from 'zod';
 import type { ModelConfig } from '../services/modelConfigService.js';
 import type { AnySchema } from 'ajv';
+import type { AgentCard } from '@a2a-js/sdk';
 import type { A2AAuthConfig } from './auth-provider/types.js';
 import type { MCPServerConfig } from '../config/config.js';
 
@@ -128,6 +129,62 @@ export function isToolActivityError(data: unknown): boolean {
  * The base definition for an agent.
  * @template TOutput The specific Zod schema for the agent's final output object.
  */
+export type AgentCardLoadOptions =
+  | { type: 'url'; url: string }
+  | { type: 'json'; json: string };
+
+/** Minimal shape needed by helper functions, avoids generic TOutput constraints. */
+interface RemoteAgentRef {
+  name: string;
+  agentCardUrl?: string;
+  agentCardJson?: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Derives the AgentCardLoadOptions from a RemoteAgentDefinition.
+ * Throws if neither agentCardUrl nor agentCardJson is present.
+ */
+export function getAgentCardLoadOptions(
+  def: RemoteAgentRef,
+): AgentCardLoadOptions {
+  if (def.agentCardJson) {
+    return { type: 'json', json: def.agentCardJson };
+  }
+  if (def.agentCardUrl) {
+    return { type: 'url', url: def.agentCardUrl };
+  }
+  throw new Error(
+    `Remote agent '${def.name}' has neither agentCardUrl nor agentCardJson`,
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Extracts a target URL for auth providers from a RemoteAgentDefinition.
+ * For URL-based agents, returns the agentCardUrl.
+ * For JSON-based agents, attempts to parse the URL from the inline card JSON.
+ * Returns undefined if no URL can be determined.
+ */
+export function getRemoteAgentTargetUrl(
+  def: RemoteAgentRef,
+): string | undefined {
+  if (def.agentCardUrl) {
+    return def.agentCardUrl;
+  }
+  if (def.agentCardJson) {
+    try {
+      const parsed: unknown = JSON.parse(def.agentCardJson);
+      // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-type-assertion
+      const card = parsed as AgentCard;
+      if (card.url) {
+        return card.url;
+      }
+    } catch {
+      // JSON parse will fail properly later in loadAgent
+    }
+  }
+  return undefined;
+}
+
 export interface BaseAgentDefinition<
   TOutput extends z.ZodTypeAny = z.ZodUnknown,
 > {
@@ -172,11 +229,10 @@ export interface LocalAgentDefinition<
   processOutput?: (output: z.infer<TOutput>) => string;
 }
 
-export interface RemoteAgentDefinition<
+export interface BaseRemoteAgentDefinition<
   TOutput extends z.ZodTypeAny = z.ZodUnknown,
 > extends BaseAgentDefinition<TOutput> {
   kind: 'remote';
-  agentCardUrl: string;
   /** The user-provided description, before any remote card merging. */
   originalDescription?: string;
   /**
@@ -187,6 +243,13 @@ export interface RemoteAgentDefinition<
   auth?: A2AAuthConfig;
 }
 
+export interface RemoteAgentDefinition<
+  TOutput extends z.ZodTypeAny = z.ZodUnknown,
+> extends BaseRemoteAgentDefinition<TOutput> {
+  agentCardUrl?: string;
+  agentCardJson?: string;
+}
+
 export type AgentDefinition<TOutput extends z.ZodTypeAny = z.ZodUnknown> =
   | LocalAgentDefinition<TOutput>
   | RemoteAgentDefinition<TOutput>;

packages/core/src/availability/policyCatalog.test.ts

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ describe('policyCatalog', () => {
     const chain = getModelPolicyChain({
       previewEnabled: true,
       useGemini31: true,
+      useGemini31FlashLite: false,
     });
     expect(chain[0]?.model).toBe(PREVIEW_GEMINI_3_1_MODEL);
     expect(chain).toHaveLength(2);
@@ -38,6 +39,7 @@ describe('policyCatalog', () => {
     const chain = getModelPolicyChain({
       previewEnabled: true,
       useGemini31: true,
+      useGemini31FlashLite: false,
       useCustomToolModel: true,
     });
     expect(chain[0]?.model).toBe(PREVIEW_GEMINI_3_1_CUSTOM_TOOLS_MODEL);

packages/core/src/availability/policyCatalog.ts

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ export interface ModelPolicyOptions {
   previewEnabled: boolean;
   userTier?: UserTierId;
   useGemini31?: boolean;
+  useGemini31FlashLite?: boolean;
   useCustomToolModel?: boolean;
 }
 
@@ -85,6 +86,7 @@ export function getModelPolicyChain(
     const previewModel = resolveModel(
       PREVIEW_GEMINI_MODEL,
       options.useGemini31,
+      options.useGemini31FlashLite,
       options.useCustomToolModel,
     );
     return [