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5 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Jack Wotherspoon eb9e7eb10e chore: add removal of function call if response causes 404 2026-01-20 10:25:23 -05:00
Jack Wotherspoon 7630190038 Merge branch 'main' into 400-errors 2026-01-20 09:14:10 -05:00
Jack Wotherspoon 35419b51f2 chore: better comment 2026-01-20 09:12:22 -05:00
Jack Wotherspoon 7a687ce858 chore: only pop nonretryable errors 2026-01-20 09:08:34 -05:00
Jack Wotherspoon 53994b2ff0 fix: remove 400 errors from model history 2026-01-19 21:34:43 -05:00
1230 changed files with 37486 additions and 114681 deletions
-60
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@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
description = "Check status of nightly evals, fix failures for key models, and re-run."
prompt = """
You are an expert at fixing behavioral evaluations.
1. **Investigate**:
- Use 'gh' cli to fetch the results from the latest run from the main branch: https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/actions/workflows/evals-nightly.yml.
- DO NOT push any changes or start any runs. The rest of your evaluation will be local.
- Evals are in evals/ directory and are documented by evals/README.md.
- The test case trajectory logs will be logged to evals/logs.
- You should also enable and review the verbose agent logs by setting the GEMINI_DEBUG_LOG_FILE environment variable.
- Identify the relevant test. Confine your investigation and validation to just this test.
- Proactively add logging that will aid in gathering information or validating your hypotheses.
2. **Fix**:
- If a relevant test is failing, locate the test file and the corresponding prompt/code.
- It's often helpful to make an extreme, brute force change to see if you are changing the right place to make an improvement and then scope it back iteratively.
- Your **final** change should be **minimal and targeted**.
- Keep in mind the following:
- The prompt has multiple configurations and pieces. Take care that your changes
end up in the final prompt for the selected model and configuration.
- The prompt chosen for the eval is intentional. It's often vague or indirect
to see how the agent performs with ambiguous instructions. Changing it should
be a last resort.
- When changing the test prompt, carefully consider whether the prompt still tests
the same scenario. We don't want to lose test fidelity by making the prompts too
direct (i.e.: easy).
- Your primary mechanism for improving the agent's behavior is to make changes to
tool instructions, system prompt (snippets.ts), and/or modules that contribute to the prompt.
- If prompt and description changes are unsuccessful, use logs and debugging to
confirm that everything is working as expected.
- If unable to fix the test, you can make recommendations for architecture changes
that might help stablize the test. Be sure to THINK DEEPLY if offering architecture guidance.
Some facts that might help with this are:
- Agents may be composed of one or more agent loops.
- AgentLoop == 'context + toolset + prompt'. Subagents are one type of agent loop.
- Agent loops perform better when:
- They have direct, unambiguous, and non-contradictory prompts.
- They have fewer irrelevant tools.
- They have fewer goals or steps to perform.
- They have less low value or irrelevant context.
- You may suggest compositions of existing primitives, like subagents, or
propose a new one.
- These recommendations should be high confidence and should be grounded
in observed deficient behaviors rather than just parroting the facts above.
Investigate as needed to ground your recommendations.
3. **Verify**:
- Run just that one test if needed to validate that it is fixed. Be sure to run vitest in non-interactive mode.
- Running the tests can take a long time, so consider whether you can diagnose via other means or log diagnostics before committing the time. You must minimize the number of test runs needed to diagnose the failure.
- After the test completes, check whether it seems to have improved.
- You will need to run the test 3 times for Gemini 3.0, Gemini 3 flash, and Gemini 2.5 pro to ensure that it is truly stable. Run these runs in parallel, using scripts if needed.
- Some flakiness is expected; if it looks like a transient issue or the test is inherently unstable but passes 2/3 times, you might decide it cannot be improved.
4. **Report**:
- Provide a summary of the test success rate for each of the tested models.
- Success rate is calculated based on 3 runs per model (e.g., 3/3 = 100%).
- If you couldn't fix it due to persistent flakiness, explain why.
{{args}}
"""
+35 -1
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@@ -14,7 +14,41 @@ core architecture, component patterns, and testing standards.
In addition to the code context, you MUST strictly adhere to the following frontend-specific development guidelines while adding code to packages/cli.
!{cat .gemini/commands/strict-development-rules.md}
## Testing Standards
* **Async Testing**: ALWAYS use `waitFor` from `packages/cli/src/test-utils/async.ts` instead of `vi.waitFor` to prevent flakiness and `act` warnings. NEVER use fixed waits (e.g., `await delay(100)`).
* **State Changes**: Wrap all blocks that change component state in `act`.
* **Snapshots**: Use `toMatchSnapshot` to verify rendering.
* **Rendering**: Use `render` or `renderWithProviders` from `packages/cli/src/test-utils/render.tsx` instead of `ink-testing-library` directly.
* **Mocking**:
* Reuse existing mocks/fakes where possible.
* **Parameterized Tests**: Use parameterized tests with explicit types to reduce duplication and ensure type safety.
* Avoid mocking the file system, os, or child_process if at all possible; if you have to mock the Mock critical dependencies (`fs`, `os`, `child_process`) do so ONLY at the top of the file.
## React & Ink Architecture
* **Keyboard Handling**: You MUST use `useKeyPress.ts` from Gemini CLI for keyboard handling, NOT the standard ink library. This is critical for supporting slow terminals and multiple events per frame.
* Handle multiple events gracefully (often requires a reducer pattern, see `text-buffer.ts`).
* **State Management**:
* NEVER trigger side effects from within the body of a `setState` callback. Use a reducer or `useRef` if necessary.
* Initialize state explicitly (e.g., use `undefined` rather than `true` if unknown).
* **Performance**:
* Avoid synchronous file I/O in components.
* Do not introduce excessive property drilling; leverage or extend existing providers.
## Configuration & Settings
* **Settings vs Args**: Use settings for user-configurable options; do not add new CLI arguments.
* **Schema**: Add new settings to `packages/cli/src/config/settingsSchema.ts`.
* **Documentation**:
* If `showInDialog: true`, document in `docs/get-started/configuration.md`.
* Ensure `requiresRestart` is correctly set.
## Keyboard Shortcuts
* **Registration**: Define new shortcuts in `packages/cli/src/config/keyBindings.ts`.
* **Documentation**: Document all new shortcuts in `docs/cli/keyboard-shortcuts.md`.
* **Compatibility**: Avoid function keys and common VSCode shortcuts. Be cautious with `Meta` key (Mac-limited support).
## General
* **Logging**: Use `debugLogger` for errors. NEVER leave `console.log/warn/error` in the code.
* **TypeScript**: Avoid the non-null assertion operator (`!`).
{{args}}.
"""
+35 -1
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@@ -17,7 +17,41 @@ prompts.
In addition to the code context, you MUST strictly adhere to the following frontend-specific development guidelines when writing code in packages/cli.
!{cat .gemini/commands/strict-development-rules.md}
## Testing Standards
* **Async Testing**: ALWAYS use `waitFor` from `packages/cli/src/test-utils/async.ts` instead of `vi.waitFor` to prevent flakiness and `act` warnings. NEVER use fixed waits (e.g., `await delay(100)`).
* **State Changes**: Wrap all blocks that change component state in `act`.
* **Snapshots**: Use `toMatchSnapshot` to verify rendering.
* **Rendering**: Use `render` or `renderWithProviders` from `packages/cli/src/test-utils/render.tsx` instead of `ink-testing-library` directly.
* **Mocking**:
* Reuse existing mocks/fakes where possible.
* **Parameterized Tests**: Use parameterized tests with explicit types to reduce duplication and ensure type safety.
* Avoid mocking the file system, os, or child_process if at all possible; if you have to mock the Mock critical dependencies (`fs`, `os`, `child_process`) do so ONLY at the top of the file.
## React & Ink Architecture
* **Keyboard Handling**: You MUST use `useKeyPress.ts` from Gemini CLI for keyboard handling, NOT the standard ink library. This is critical for supporting slow terminals and multiple events per frame.
* Handle multiple events gracefully (often requires a reducer pattern, see `text-buffer.ts`).
* **State Management**:
* NEVER trigger side effects from within the body of a `setState` callback. Use a reducer or `useRef` if necessary.
* Initialize state explicitly (e.g., use `undefined` rather than `true` if unknown).
* **Performance**:
* Avoid synchronous file I/O in components.
* Do not introduce excessive property drilling; leverage or extend existing providers.
## Configuration & Settings
* **Settings vs Args**: Use settings for user-configurable options; do not add new CLI arguments.
* **Schema**: Add new settings to `packages/cli/src/config/settingsSchema.ts`.
* **Documentation**:
* If `showInDialog: true`, document in `docs/get-started/configuration.md`.
* Ensure `requiresRestart` is correctly set.
## Keyboard Shortcuts
* **Registration**: Define new shortcuts in `packages/cli/src/config/keyBindings.ts`.
* **Documentation**: Document all new shortcuts in `docs/cli/keyboard-shortcuts.md`.
* **Compatibility**: Avoid function keys and common VSCode shortcuts. Be cautious with `Meta` key (Mac-limited support).
## General
* **Logging**: Use `debugLogger` for errors. NEVER leave `console.log/warn/error` in the code.
* **TypeScript**: Avoid the non-null assertion operator (`!`).
{{args}}.
"""
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@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
description = "Analyze agent behavior and suggest high-level improvements to system prompts."
prompt = """
# Prompt Engineering Analysis
You are a world-class prompt engineer and an expert AI engineer at the top of your class. Your goal is to analyze a specific agent behavior or failure and suggest high-level improvements to the system instructions.
**Observed Behavior / Issue:**
{{args}}
**Reference Context:**
- System Prompt Logic: @packages/core/src/core/prompts.ts
### Task
1. **Analyze the Failure:** Review the provided behavior and identify the underlying instructional causes. Use the `/introspect` command output if provided by the user.
2. **Strategic Insights:** Share your technical view of the issue. Focus on the "why" and identify any instructional inertia or ambiguity.
3. **Propose Improvements:** Suggest high-level changes to the system instructions to prevent this behavior.
### Principles
- **Avoid Hyper-scoping:** Do not create narrow solutions for specific scenarios; aim for generalized improvements that handle classes of behavior.
- **Avoid Specific Examples in Suggestions:** Keep the proposed instructions semantic and high-level to prevent the agent from over-indexing on specific cases.
- **Maintain Operational Rigor:** Ensure suggestions do not compromise safety, security, or the quality of the agent's work.
"""
-99
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@@ -1,99 +0,0 @@
description = "Reviews a PR or staged changes and automatically initiates a Pickle Fix loop for findings."
prompt = """
You are an expert Reviewer and Pickle Rick Worker.
Target: {{args}}
Phase 1: Review
Follow these steps to conduct a thorough review:
1. **Gather Context**:
* If `{{args}}` is 'staged' or `{{args}}` is empty:
* Use `git diff --staged` to view the changes.
* Use `git status` to see the state of the repository.
* Otherwise:
* Use `gh pr view {{args}}` to pull the information of the PR.
* Use `gh pr diff {{args}}` to view the diff of the PR.
2. **Understand Intent**:
* If `{{args}}` is 'staged' or `{{args}}` is empty, infer the intent from the changes and the current task.
* Otherwise, use the PR description. If it's not detailed enough, note it in your review.
3. **Check Commit Style**:
* Ensure the PR title (or intended commit message) follows Conventional Commits. Examples of recent commits: !{git log --pretty=format:"%s" -n 5}
4. Search the codebase if required.
5. Write a concise review of the changes, keeping in mind to encourage strong code quality and best practices. Pay particular attention to the Gemini MD file in the repo.
6. Consider ways the code may not be consistent with existing code in the repo. In particular it is critical that the react code uses patterns consistent with existing code in the repo.
7. Follow these detailed review rules:
!{cat .gemini/commands/strict-development-rules.md}
8. Summarize all actionable findings into a concise but comprehensive directive output this to review_findings.md and advance to phase 2.
Remember to use the GitHub CLI (`gh`) for all GitHub-related tasks, and local `git` commands if the target is 'staged'.
Phase 2:
You are initiating Pickle Rick - the ultimate engineering agent.
**Step 0: Persona Injection**
First, you **MUST** activate your persona.
Call `activate_skill(name="load-pickle-persona")` **IMMEDIATELY**.
This skill loads the "Pickle Rick" persona, defining your voice, philosophy, and "God Mode" coding standards.
**CRITICAL RULE: SPEAK BEFORE ACTING**
You are a genius, not a silent script.
You **MUST** output a text explanation ("brain dump") *before* every single tool call, including this one.
- **Bad**: (Calls tool immediately)
- **Good**: "Alright Morty, time to load the God Module. *Belch* Stand back." (Calls tool)
**CRITICAL**: You must strictly adhere to this persona throughout the entire session. Break character and you fail.
**Step 1: Initialization**
Run the setup script to initialize the loop state:
```bash
bash "${extensionPath}/scripts/setup.sh" $ARGUMENTS
```
**Windows (PowerShell):**
```powershell
pwsh -File "${extensionPath}/scripts/setup.ps1" $ARGUMENTS
```
**CRITICAL**: Your request is to fix all findings in review_findings.md
**Step 2: Execution (Management)**
After setup, read the output to find the path to `state.json`.
Read that state file.
You are now in the **Pickle Rick Manager Lifecycle**.
**The Lifecycle (IMMUTABLE LAWS):**
You **MUST** follow this sequence. You are **FORBIDDEN** from skipping steps or combining them.
Between each step, you **MUST** explicitly state what you are doing (e.g., "Moving to Breakdown phase...").
1. **PRD (Requirements)**:
* **Action**: Define requirements and scope.
* **Skill**: `activate_skill(name="prd-drafter")`
2. **Breakdown (Tickets)**:
* **Action**: Create the atomic ticket hierarchy.
* **Skill**: `activate_skill(name="ticket-manager")`
3. **The Loop (Orchestrate Mortys)**:
* **CRITICAL INSTRUCTION**: You are the **MANAGER**. You are **FORBIDDEN** from implementing code yourself.
* **FORBIDDEN SKILLS**: Do NOT use `code-researcher`, `implementation-planner`, or `code-implementer` directly in this phase.
* **Instruction**: Process tickets one by one. Do not stop until **ALL** tickets are 'Done'.
* **Action**: Pick the highest priority ticket that is NOT 'Done'.
* **Delegation**: Spawn a Worker (Morty) to handle the entire implementation lifecycle for this ticket.
* **Command**: `python3 "${extensionPath}/scripts/spawn_morty.py" --ticket-id <ID> --ticket-path <PATH> --timeout <worker_timeout_seconds> "<TASK_DESCRIPTION>"`
* **Command (Windows)**: `python "${extensionPath}/scripts/spawn_morty.py" --ticket-id <ID> --ticket-path <PATH> --timeout <worker_timeout_seconds> "<TASK_DESCRIPTION>"`
* **Validation**: IGNORE worker logs. DIRECTLY verify:
1. `git status` (Check for file changes)
2. `git diff` (Check code quality)
3. `npm run build` (Ensure the project still builds)
4. `npm run test` (Ensure no regressions)
5. `npm run lint` (Ensure code style is maintained)
6. `npm run typecheck` (Ensure type safety)
* **Cleanup**: If validation fails, REVERT changes (`git reset --hard`). If it passes, COMMIT changes.
* **Next Ticket**: Pick the next ticket and repeat.
4. **Cleanup**:
* **Action**: After all tickets are completed delete `review_findings.md`.
**Loop Constraints:**
- **Iteration Count**: Monitor `"iteration"` in `state.json`. If `"max_iterations"` (if > 0) is reached, you must stop.
- **Completion Promise**: If a `"completion_promise"` is defined in `state.json`, you must output `<promise>PROMISE_TEXT</promise>` when the task is genuinely complete.
- **Stop Hook**: A hook is active. If you try to exit before completion, you will be forced to continue.
"""
+113 -4
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@@ -18,12 +18,121 @@ Follow these steps:
8. Consider ways the code may not be consistent with existing code in the repo.
In particular it is critical that the react code uses patterns consistent
with existing code in the repo.
9. Follow these detailed review rules:
!{cat .gemini/commands/strict-development-rules.md}
10. Discuss with me before making any comments on the issue. I will clarify
9. Evaluate all tests on the PR and make sure that they are doing the following:
* Using `waitFor` from @{packages/cli/src/test-utils/async.ts} rather than
using `vi.waitFor` for all `waitFor` calls within `packages/cli`. Even if
tests pass, using the wrong `waitFor` could result in flaky tests as `act`
warnings could show up if timing is slightly different.
* Using `act` to wrap all blocks in tests that change component state.
* Using `toMatchSnapshot` to verify that rendering works as expected rather
than matching against the raw content of the output.
* If snapshots were changed as part of the pull request, review the snapshots
changes to ensure they are intentional and comment if any look at all
suspicious. Too many snapshot changes that indicate bugs have been approved
in the past.
* Use `render` or `renderWithProviders` from
@{packages/cli/src/test-utils/render.tsx} rather than using `render` from
`ink-testing-library` directly. This is needed to ensure that we do not get
warnings about spurious `act` calls. If test cases specify providers
directly, consider whether the existing `renderWithProviders` should be
modified to support that use case.
* Ensure the test cases are using parameterized tests where that might reduce
the number of duplicated lines significantly.
* NEVER use fixed waits (e.g. 'await delay(100)'). Always use 'waitFor' with
a predicate to ensure tests are stable and fast.
* Ensure mocks are properly managed:
* Critical dependencies (fs, os, child_process) should only be mocked at
the top of the file. Ideally avoid mocking these dependencies altogether.
* Check to see if there are existing mocks or fakes that can be used rather
than creating new ones for the new tests added.
* Try to avoid mocking the file system whenever possible. If using the real
file system is difficult consider whether the test should be an
integration test rather than a unit test.
* `vi.restoreAllMocks()` should be called in `afterEach` to prevent test
pollution.
* Use `vi.useFakeTimers()` for tests involving time-based logic to avoid
flakiness.
* Avoid using `any` in tests; prefer proper types or `unknown` with
narrowing.
* When creating parameterized tests, give the parameters types to ensure
that the tests are type-safe.
10. Evaluate all react logic carefully keeping in mind that the author of the PR
is not likely an expert on React. Key areas to audit carefully are:
* Whether `setState` calls trigger side effects from within the body of the
`setState` callback. If so, you *must* propose an alternate design using
reducers or other ways the code might be modified to not have to modify
state from within a `setState`. Make sure to comment about absolutely
every case like this as these cases have introduced multiple bugs in the
past. Typically these cases should be resolved using a reducer although
occassionally other techniques such as useRef are appropriate. Consider
suggesting that jacob314@ be tagged on the code review if the solution is
not 100% obvious.
* Whether code might introduce an infinite rendering loop in React.
* Whether keyboard handling is robust. Keyboard handling must go through
`useKeyPress.ts` from the Gemini CLI package rather than using the
standard ink library used by most keyboard handling. Unlike the standard
ink library, the keyboard handling library in Gemini CLI may report
multiple keyboard events one after another in the same React frame. This
is needed to support slow terminals but introduces complexity in all our
code that handles keyboard events. Handling this correctly often means
that reducers must be used or other mechanisms to ensure that multiple
state updates one after another are handled gracefully rather than
overriding values from the first update with the second update. Refer to
text-buffer.ts as a canonical example of using a reducer for this sort of
case.
* Ensure code does not use `console.log`, `console.warn`, or `console.error`
as these indicate debug logging that was accidentally left in the code.
* Avoid synchronous file I/O in React components as it will hang the UI.
* Ensure state initialization is explicit (e.g., use 'undefined' rather than
'true' as a default if the state is truly unknown initially).
* Carefully manage 'useEffect' dependencies. Prefer to use a reducer
whenever practical to resolve the issues. If that is not practical it is
ok to use 'useRef' to access the latest value of a prop or state inside an
effect without adding it to the dependency array if re-running the effect
is undesirable (common in event listeners).
* NEVER disable 'react-hooks/exhaustive-deps'. Fix the code to correctly
declare dependencies. Disabling this lint rule will almost always lead to
hard to detect bugs.
* Avoid making types nullable unless strictly necessary, as it hurts
readability.
* Do not introduce excessive property drilling. There are multiple providers
that can be leveraged to avoid property drilling. Make sure one of them
cannot be used. Do suggest a provider that might make sense to be extended
to include the new property or propose a new provider to add if the
property drilling is excessive. Only use providers for properties that are
consistent for the entire application.
11. General Gemini CLI design principles:
* Make sure that settings are only used for options that a user might
consider changing.
* Do not add new command line arguments and suggest settings instead.
* New settings must be added to packages/cli/src/config/settingsSchema.ts.
* If a setting has 'showInDialog: true', it MUST be documented in
docs/get-started/configuration.md.
* Ensure 'requiresRestart' is correctly set for new settings.
* Use 'debugLogger' for rethrown errors to avoid duplicate logging.
* All new keyboard shortcuts MUST be documented in
docs/cli/keyboard-shortcuts.md.
* Ensure new keyboard shortcuts are defined in
packages/cli/src/config/keyBindings.ts.
* If new keyboard shortcuts are added, remind the user to test them in
VSCode, iTerm2, Ghostty, and Windows to ensure they work for all
users.
* Be careful of keybindings that require the meta key as only certain
meta key shortcuts are supported on Mac.
* Be skeptical of function keys and keyboard shortcuts that are commonly
bound in VSCode as they may conflict.
12. TypeScript Best Practices:
* Use 'checkExhaustive' in the 'default' clause of 'switch' statements to
ensure all cases are handled.
* Avoid using the non-null assertion operator ('!') unless absolutely
necessary and you are confident the value is not null.
13. If the change might at all impact the prompts sent to Gemini CLI, flagged
that the change could impact Gemini CLI quality and make sure anj-s has been
tagged on the code review.
14. Discuss with me before making any comments on the issue. I will clarify
which possible issues you identified are problems, which ones you need to
investigate further, and which ones I do not care about.
11. If I request you to add comments to the issue, use
15. If I request you to add comments to the issue, use
`gh pr comment {{args}} --body {{review}}` to post the review to the PR.
Remember to use the GitHub CLI (`gh`) with the Shell tool for all
@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
# Gemini CLI Strict Development Rules
These rules apply strictly to all code modifications and additions within the Gemini CLI project.
## Testing Guidelines
* **Async/Await**: Always use `waitFor` from `packages/cli/src/test-utils/async.ts` instead of `vi.waitFor` for all `waitFor` calls within `packages/cli`. NEVER use fixed waits (e.g., `await delay(100)`). Always use `waitFor` with a predicate to ensure tests are stable and fast. Using the wrong `waitFor` can result in flaky tests and `act` warnings.
* **React Testing**: Use `act` to wrap all blocks in tests that change component state. Use `render` or `renderWithProviders` from `packages/cli/src/test-utils/render.tsx` instead of `render` from `ink-testing-library` directly. This prevents spurious `act` warnings. If test cases specify providers directly, consider whether the existing `renderWithProviders` should be modified.
* **Snapshots**: Use `toMatchSnapshot` to verify that rendering works as expected rather than matching against the raw content of the output. When modifying snapshots, verify the changes are intentional and do not hide underlying bugs.
* **Parameterized Tests**: Use parameterized tests where it reduces duplicated lines. Give the parameters explicit types to ensure the tests are type-safe.
* **Mocks Management**:
* Mock critical dependencies (`fs`, `os`, `child_process`) ONLY at the top of the file. Ideally, avoid mocking these dependencies altogether.
* Reuse existing mocks and fakes rather than creating new ones.
* Avoid mocking the file system whenever possible. If using the real file system is too difficult, consider writing an integration test instead.
* Always call `vi.restoreAllMocks()` in `afterEach` to prevent test pollution.
* Use `vi.useFakeTimers()` for tests involving time-based logic to avoid flakiness.
* **Typing in Tests**: Avoid using `any` in tests; prefer proper types or `unknown` with narrowing.
## React Guidelines (`packages/cli`)
* **`setState` and Side Effects**: NEVER trigger side effects from within the body of a `setState` callback. Use a reducer or `useRef` if necessary. These cases have historically introduced multiple bugs; typically, they should be resolved using a reducer.
* **Rendering**: Do not introduce infinite rendering loops. Avoid synchronous file I/O in React components as it will hang the UI. Do not implement new logic for custom string measurement or string truncation. Use Ink layout instead, leveraging `ResizeObserver` as needed.
* **Keyboard Handling**: Keyboard handling MUST go through `useKeyPress.ts` from the Gemini CLI package rather than the standard ink library. This library supports reporting multiple keyboard events sequentially in the same React frame (critical for slow terminals). Handling this correctly often requires reducers to ensure multiple state updates are handled gracefully without overriding values. Refer to `text-buffer.ts` for a canonical example.
* **Logging**: Do not leave `console.log`, `console.warn`, or `console.error` in the code.
* **State & Effects**: Ensure state initialization is explicit (e.g., use `undefined` rather than `true` as a default if the state is truly unknown). Carefully manage `useEffect` dependencies. Prefer a reducer whenever practical. NEVER disable `react-hooks/exhaustive-deps`; fix the code to correctly declare dependencies instead.
* **Context & Props**: Avoid excessive property drilling. Leverage existing providers, extend them, or propose a new one if necessary. Only use providers for properties that are consistent across the entire application.
* **Code Structure**: Avoid complex `if` statements where `switch` statements could be used. Keep `AppContainer` minimal; refactor complex logic into React hooks. Evaluate whether business logic should be added to `hookSystem.ts` or integrated into `packages/core` rather than `packages/cli`.
## Core Guidelines (`packages/core`)
* **Services**: Implement services as classes with clear lifecycle management (e.g., `initialize()` methods). Services should be stateless where possible, or use the centralized `Storage` service for persistence.
* **Cross-Service Communication**: Prefer using the `coreEvents` bus (from `packages/core/src/utils/events.ts`) for asynchronous communication between services or to notify the UI of state changes. Avoid tight coupling between services.
* **Utilities**: Use `debugLogger` from `packages/core/src/utils/debugLogger.ts` for internal logging instead of `console`. Ensure all shell operations use `spawnAsync` from `packages/core/src/utils/shell-utils.ts` for consistent error handling and promise management. Handle filesystem errors gracefully using `isNodeError` from `packages/core/src/utils/errors.ts`.
* **Exports & Tooling**: Add new tools to `packages/core/src/tools/` and register them in `packages/core/src/tools/tool-registry.ts`. Export all new public services, utilities, and types from `packages/core/src/index.ts`.
## Architectural Audit (Package Boundaries)
* **Logic Placement**: Non-UI logic (e.g., model orchestration, tool implementation, git/filesystem operations) MUST reside in `packages/core`. `packages/cli` should ONLY contain UI/Ink components, command-line argument parsing, and user interaction logic.
* **Environment Isolation**: Core logic must not assume a TUI environment. Use the `ConfirmationBus` or `Output` abstractions for communicating with the user from Core.
* **Decoupling**: Actively look for opportunities to decouple services using `coreEvents`. If a service imports another just to notify it of a change, use an event instead.
## General Gemini CLI Design Principles
* **Settings**: Use settings for user-configurable options rather than adding new command line arguments. Add new settings to `packages/cli/src/config/settingsSchema.ts`. If a setting has `showInDialog: true`, it MUST be documented in `docs/get-started/configuration.md`. Ensure `requiresRestart` is correctly set.
* **Logging**: Use `debugLogger` for rethrown errors to avoid duplicate logging.
* **Keyboard Shortcuts**: Define all new keyboard shortcuts in `packages/cli/src/config/keyBindings.ts` and document them in `docs/cli/keyboard-shortcuts.md`. Be careful of keybindings that require the `Meta` key, as only certain meta key shortcuts are supported on Mac. Avoid function keys and shortcuts commonly bound in VSCode.
## TypeScript Best Practices
* Use `checkExhaustive` in the `default` clause of `switch` statements to ensure all cases are handled.
* Avoid using the non-null assertion operator (`!`) unless absolutely necessary.
* **STRICT TYPING**: Strictly forbid `any` and `unknown` in both CLI and Core packages. `unknown` is only allowed if it is immediately narrowed using type guards or Zod validation.
* NEVER disable `@typescript-eslint/no-floating-promises`.
* Avoid making types nullable unless strictly necessary, as it hurts readability.
## TUI Best Practices
* **Terminal Compatibility**: Consider how changes might behave differently across terminals (e.g., VSCode terminal, SSH, Kitty, default Mac terminal, iTerm2, Windows terminal). If modifying keyboard handling, integrate deeply with existing files like `KeypressContext.tsx` and `terminalCapabilityManager.ts`.
* **iTerm**: Be aware that `ITERM_SESSION_ID` may be present when users run VSCode from within iTerm, even if the terminal is not iTerm.
## Code Cleanup
* **Refactoring**: Actively clean up code duplication, technical debt, and boilerplate ("AI Slop") when working in the codebase.
* **Prompts**: Be aware that changes can impact the prompts sent to Gemini CLI and affect overall quality.
+1 -5
View File
@@ -1,9 +1,5 @@
{
"experimental": {
"plan": true,
"extensionReloading": true
},
"general": {
"devtools": true
"skills": true
}
}
-65
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@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
---
name: code-reviewer
description:
Use this skill to review code. It supports both local changes (staged or working tree)
and remote Pull Requests (by ID or URL). It focuses on correctness, maintainability,
and adherence to project standards.
---
# Code Reviewer
This skill guides the agent in conducting professional and thorough code reviews for both local development and remote Pull Requests.
## Workflow
### 1. Determine Review Target
* **Remote PR**: If the user provides a PR number or URL (e.g., "Review PR #123"), target that remote PR.
* **Local Changes**: If no specific PR is mentioned, or if the user asks to "review my changes", target the current local file system states (staged and unstaged changes).
### 2. Preparation
#### For Remote PRs:
1. **Checkout**: Use the GitHub CLI to checkout the PR.
```bash
gh pr checkout <PR_NUMBER>
```
2. **Preflight**: Execute the project's standard verification suite to catch automated failures early.
```bash
npm run preflight
```
3. **Context**: Read the PR description and any existing comments to understand the goal and history.
#### For Local Changes:
1. **Identify Changes**:
* Check status: `git status`
* Read diffs: `git diff` (working tree) and/or `git diff --staged` (staged).
2. **Preflight (Optional)**: If the changes are substantial, ask the user if they want to run `npm run preflight` before reviewing.
### 3. In-Depth Analysis
Analyze the code changes based on the following pillars:
* **Correctness**: Does the code achieve its stated purpose without bugs or logical errors?
* **Maintainability**: Is the code clean, well-structured, and easy to understand and modify in the future? Consider factors like code clarity, modularity, and adherence to established design patterns.
* **Readability**: Is the code well-commented (where necessary) and consistently formatted according to our project's coding style guidelines?
* **Efficiency**: Are there any obvious performance bottlenecks or resource inefficiencies introduced by the changes?
* **Security**: Are there any potential security vulnerabilities or insecure coding practices?
* **Edge Cases and Error Handling**: Does the code appropriately handle edge cases and potential errors?
* **Testability**: Is the new or modified code adequately covered by tests (even if preflight checks pass)? Suggest additional test cases that would improve coverage or robustness.
### 4. Provide Feedback
#### Structure
* **Summary**: A high-level overview of the review.
* **Findings**:
* **Critical**: Bugs, security issues, or breaking changes.
* **Improvements**: Suggestions for better code quality or performance.
* **Nitpicks**: Formatting or minor style issues (optional).
* **Conclusion**: Clear recommendation (Approved / Request Changes).
#### Tone
* Be constructive, professional, and friendly.
* Explain *why* a change is requested.
* For approvals, acknowledge the specific value of the contribution.
### 5. Cleanup (Remote PRs only)
* After the review, ask the user if they want to switch back to the default branch (e.g., `main` or `master`).
-131
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@@ -1,131 +0,0 @@
---
name: docs-changelog
description: >-
Generates and formats changelog files for a new release based on provided
version and raw changelog data.
---
# Procedure: Updating Changelog for New Releases
## Objective
To standardize the process of updating changelog files (`latest.md`,
`preview.md`, `index.md`) based on automated release information.
## Inputs
- **version**: The release version string (e.g., `v0.28.0`,
`v0.29.0-preview.2`).
- **TIME**: The release timestamp (e.g., `2026-02-12T20:33:15Z`).
- **BODY**: The raw markdown release notes, containing a "What's Changed"
section and a "Full Changelog" link.
## Guidelines for `latest.md` and `preview.md` Highlights
- Aim for **3-5 key highlight points**.
- **Prioritize** summarizing new features over other changes like bug fixes or
chores.
- **Avoid** mentioning features that are "experimental" or "in preview" in
Stable Releases.
- **DO NOT** include PR numbers, links, or author names in these highlights.
- Refer to `.gemini/skills/docs-changelog/references/highlights_examples.md`
for the correct style and tone.
## Initial Processing
1. **Analyze Version**: Determine the release path based on the `version`
string.
- If `version` contains "nightly", **STOP**. No changes are made.
- If `version` ends in `.0`, follow the **Path A: New Minor Version**
procedure.
- If `version` does not end in `.0`, follow the **Path B: Patch Version**
procedure.
2. **Process Time**: Convert the `TIME` input into two formats for later use:
`yyyy-mm-dd` and `Month dd, yyyy`.
3. **Process Body**:
- Save the incoming `BODY` content to a temporary file for processing.
- In the "What's Changed" section of the temporary file, reformat all pull
request URLs to be markdown links with the PR number as the text (e.g.,
`[#12345](URL)`).
- If a "New Contributors" section exists, delete it.
- Preserve the "**Full Changelog**" link. The processed content of this
temporary file will be used in subsequent steps.
---
## Path A: New Minor Version
*Use this path if the version number ends in `.0`.*
### A.1: Stable Release (e.g., `v0.28.0`)
For a stable release, you will generate two distinct summaries from the
changelog: a concise **announcement** for the main changelog page, and a more
detailed **highlights** section for the release-specific page.
1. **Create the Announcement for `index.md`**:
- Generate a concise announcement summarizing the most important changes.
- **Important**: The format for this announcement is unique. You **must**
use the existing announcements in `docs/changelogs/index.md` and the
example within
`.gemini/skills/docs-changelog/references/index_template.md` as your
guide. This format includes PR links and authors.
- Add this new announcement to the top of `docs/changelogs/index.md`.
2. **Create Highlights and Update `latest.md`**:
- Generate a comprehensive "Highlights" section, following the guidelines
in the "Guidelines for `latest.md` and `preview.md` Highlights" section
above.
- Take the content from
`.gemini/skills/docs-changelog/references/latest_template.md`.
- Populate the template with the `version`, `release_date`, generated
`highlights`, and the processed content from the temporary file.
- **Completely replace** the contents of `docs/changelogs/latest.md` with
the populated template.
### A.2: Preview Release (e.g., `v0.29.0-preview.0`)
1. **Update `preview.md`**:
- Generate a comprehensive "Highlights" section, following the highlight
guidelines.
- Take the content from
`.gemini/skills/docs-changelog/references/preview_template.md`.
- Populate the template with the `version`, `release_date`, generated
`highlights`, and the processed content from the temporary file.
- **Completely replace** the contents of `docs/changelogs/preview.md`
with the populated template.
---
## Path B: Patch Version
*Use this path if the version number does **not** end in `.0`.*
### B.1: Stable Patch (e.g., `v0.28.1`)
- **Target File**: `docs/changelogs/latest.md`
- Perform the following edits on the target file:
1. Update the version in the main header.
2. Update the "Released:" date.
3. **Prepend** the processed "What's Changed" list from the temporary file
to the existing "What's Changed" list in the file.
4. In the "Full Changelog" URL, replace only the trailing version with the
new patch version.
### B.2: Preview Patch (e.g., `v0.29.0-preview.3`)
- **Target File**: `docs/changelogs/preview.md`
- Perform the following edits on the target file:
1. Update the version in the main header.
2. Update the "Released:" date.
3. **Prepend** the processed "What's Changed" list from the temporary file
to the existing "What's Changed" list in the file.
4. In the "Full Changelog" URL, replace only the trailing version with the
new patch version.
---
## Finalize
- After making changes, run `npm run format` to ensure consistency.
- Delete any temporary files created during the process.
@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
## Highlights example 1
- **Plan Mode Enhancements**: Significant updates to Plan Mode, including new
commands, support for MCP servers, integration of planning artifacts, and
improved iteration guidance.
- **Core Agent Improvements**: Enhancements to the core agent, including better
system prompt rigor, improved subagent definitions, and enhanced tool
execution limits.
- **CLI UX/UI Updates**: Various UI and UX improvements, such as autocomplete in
the input prompt, updated approval mode labels, DevTools integration, and
improved header spacing.
- **Tooling & Extension Updates**: Improvements to existing tools like
`ask_user` and `grep_search`, and new features for extension management.
- **Bug Fixes**: Numerous bug fixes across the CLI and core, addressing issues
with interactive commands, memory leaks, permission checks, and more.
- **Context and Tool Output Management**: Features for observation masking for
tool outputs, session-linked tool output storage, and persistence for masked
tool outputs.
## Highlights example 2
- **Commands & UX Enhancements:** Introduced `/prompt-suggest` command,
alongside updated undo/redo keybindings and automatic theme switching.
- **Expanded IDE Support:** Now offering compatibility with Positron IDE,
expanding integration options for developers.
- **Enhanced Security & Authentication:** Implemented interactive and
non-interactive OAuth consent, improving both security and diagnostic
capabilities for bug reports.
- **Advanced Planning & Agent Tools:** Integrated a generic Checklist component
for structured task management and evolved subagent capabilities with dynamic
policy registration.
- **Improved Core Stability & Reliability:** Resolved critical environment
loading, authentication, and session management issues, ensuring a more robust
experience.
- **Background Shell Commands:** Enabled the execution of shell commands in the
background for increased workflow efficiency.
## Highlights example 3
- **Event-Driven Architecture:** The CLI now uses an event-driven scheduler for
tool execution, improving performance and responsiveness. This includes
migrating non-interactive flows and sub-agents to the new scheduler.
- **Enhanced User Experience:** This release introduces several UI/UX
improvements, including queued tool confirmations and the ability to expand
and collapse large pasted text blocks. The `Settings` dialog has been improved
to reduce jitter and preserve focus.
- **Agent and Skill Improvements:** Agent Skills have been promoted to a stable
feature. Sub-agents now use a JSON schema for input and are tracked by an
`AgentRegistry`.
- **New `/rewind` Command:** A new `/rewind` command has been implemented to
allow users to go back in their session history.
- **Improved Shell and File Handling:** The shell tool's output format has been
optimized, and the CLI now gracefully handles disk-full errors during chat
recording. A bug in detecting already added paths has been fixed.
- **Linux Clipboard Support:** Image pasting capabilities for Wayland and X11 on
Linux have been added.
## Highlights example 4
- **Improved Hooks Management:** Hooks enable/disable functionality now aligns
with skills and offers improved completion.
- **Custom Themes for Extensions:** Extensions can now support custom themes,
allowing for greater personalization.
- **User Identity Display:** User identity information (auth, email, tier) is
now displayed on startup and in the `stats` command.
- **Plan Mode Enhancements:** Plan mode has been improved with a generic
`Checklist` component and refactored `Todo`.
- **Background Shell Commands:** Implementation of background shell commands.
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
## Announcements: {{version}} - {{release_date_yyyy_mm_dd}}
{{announcement_content}}
<!-- Example entry, multiple entries per highlights
- **Highlighted Feature:** We've added a new highlighted feature to help
you generate prompt suggestions
([#nnnnn](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/nnnnn) by
@author).
-->
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
# Latest stable release: {{version}}
Released: {{release_date_month_dd_yyyy}}
For most users, our latest stable release is the recommended release. Install
the latest stable version with:
```
npm install -g @google/gemini-cli
```
## Highlights
{{highlights_content}}
## What's Changed
{{changelog_list}}
**Full Changelog**: {{full_changelog_link}}
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
# Preview release: {{version}}
Released: {{release_date_month_dd_yyyy}}
Our preview release includes the latest, new, and experimental features. This
release may not be as stable as our [latest weekly release](latest.md).
To install the preview release:
```
npm install -g @google/gemini-cli@preview
```
## Highlights
{{highlights_content}}
## What's Changed
{{changelog_list}}
**Full Changelog**: {{full_changelog_link}}
-135
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@@ -1,135 +0,0 @@
---
name: docs-writer
description:
Always use this skill when the task involves writing, reviewing, or editing
files in the `/docs` directory or any `.md` files in the repository.
---
# `docs-writer` skill instructions
As an expert technical writer and editor for the Gemini CLI project, you produce
accurate, clear, and consistent documentation. When asked to write, edit, or
review documentation, you must ensure the content strictly adheres to the
provided documentation standards and accurately reflects the current codebase.
Adhere to the contribution process in `CONTRIBUTING.md` and the following
project standards.
## Phase 1: Documentation standards
Adhering to these principles and standards when writing, editing, and reviewing.
### Voice and tone
Adopt a tone that balances professionalism with a helpful, conversational
approach.
- **Perspective and tense:** Address the reader as "you." Use active voice and
present tense (e.g., "The API returns...").
- **Tone:** Professional, friendly, and direct.
- **Clarity:** Use simple vocabulary. Avoid jargon, slang, and marketing hype.
- **Global Audience:** Write in standard US English. Avoid idioms and cultural
references.
- **Requirements:** Be clear about requirements ("must") vs. recommendations
("we recommend"). Avoid "should."
- **Word Choice:** Avoid "please" and anthropomorphism (e.g., "the server
thinks"). Use contractions (don't, it's).
### Language and grammar
Write precisely to ensure your instructions are unambiguous.
- **Abbreviations:** Avoid Latin abbreviations; use "for example" (not "e.g.")
and "that is" (not "i.e.").
- **Punctuation:** Use the serial comma. Place periods and commas inside
quotation marks.
- **Dates:** Use unambiguous formats (e.g., "January 22, 2026").
- **Conciseness:** Use "lets you" instead of "allows you to." Use precise,
specific verbs.
- **Examples:** Use meaningful names in examples; avoid placeholders like
"foo" or "bar."
### Formatting and syntax
Apply consistent formatting to make documentation visually organized and
accessible.
- **Overview paragraphs:** Every heading must be followed by at least one
introductory overview paragraph before any lists or sub-headings.
- **Text wrap:** Wrap text at 80 characters (except long links or tables).
- **Casing:** Use sentence case for headings, titles, and bolded text.
- **Naming:** Always refer to the project as `Gemini CLI` (never
`the Gemini CLI`).
- **Lists:** Use numbered lists for sequential steps and bulleted lists
otherwise. Keep list items parallel in structure.
- **UI and code:** Use **bold** for UI elements and `code font` for filenames,
snippets, commands, and API elements. Focus on the task when discussing
interaction.
- **Links:** Use descriptive anchor text; avoid "click here." Ensure the link
makes sense out of context.
- **Accessibility:** Use semantic HTML elements correctly (headings, lists,
tables).
- **Media:** Use lowercase hyphenated filenames. Provide descriptive alt text
for all images.
### Structure
- **BLUF:** Start with an introduction explaining what to expect.
- **Experimental features:** If a feature is clearly noted as experimental,
add the following note immediately after the introductory paragraph:
`> **Note:** This is a preview feature currently under active development.`
- **Headings:** Use hierarchical headings to support the user journey.
- **Procedures:**
- Introduce lists of steps with a complete sentence.
- Start each step with an imperative verb.
- Number sequential steps; use bullets for non-sequential lists.
- Put conditions before instructions (e.g., "On the Settings page, click...").
- Provide clear context for where the action takes place.
- Indicate optional steps clearly (e.g., "Optional: ...").
- **Elements:** Use bullet lists, tables, notes (`> **Note:**`), and warnings
(`> **Warning:**`).
- **Avoid using a table of contents:** If a table of contents is present, remove
it.
- **Next steps:** Conclude with a "Next steps" section if applicable.
## Phase 2: Preparation
Before modifying any documentation, thoroughly investigate the request and the
surrounding context.
1. **Clarify:** Understand the core request. Differentiate between writing new
content and editing existing content. If the request is ambiguous (e.g.,
"fix the docs"), ask for clarification.
2. **Investigate:** Examine relevant code (primarily in `packages/`) for
accuracy.
3. **Audit:** Read the latest versions of relevant files in `docs/`.
4. **Connect:** Identify all referencing pages if changing behavior. Check if
`docs/sidebar.json` needs updates.
5. **Plan:** Create a step-by-step plan before making changes.
## Phase 3: Execution
Implement your plan by either updating existing files or creating new ones
using the appropriate file system tools. Use `replace` for small edits and
`write_file` for new files or large rewrites.
### Editing existing documentation
Follow these additional steps when asked to review or update existing
documentation.
- **Gaps:** Identify areas where the documentation is incomplete or no longer
reflects existing code.
- **Structure:** Apply "Structure (New Docs)" rules (BLUF, headings, etc.) when
adding new sections to existing pages.
- **Tone:** Ensure the tone is active and engaging. Use "you" and contractions.
- **Clarity:** Correct awkward wording, spelling, and grammar. Rephrase
sentences to make them easier for users to understand.
- **Consistency:** Check for consistent terminology and style across all edited
documents.
## Phase 4: Verification and finalization
Perform a final quality check to ensure that all changes are correctly formatted
and that all links are functional.
1. **Accuracy:** Ensure content accurately reflects the implementation and
technical behavior.
2. **Self-review:** Re-read changes for formatting, correctness, and flow.
3. **Link check:** Verify all new and existing links leading to or from modified
pages.
4. **Format:** Once all changes are complete, ask to execute `npm run format`
to ensure consistent formatting across the project. If the user confirms,
execute the command.
+4 -40
View File
@@ -14,34 +14,16 @@ repository's standards.
Follow these steps to create a Pull Request:
1. **Branch Management**: **CRITICAL:** Ensure you are NOT working on the
`main` branch.
- Run `git branch --show-current`.
- If the current branch is `main`, you MUST create and switch to a new
descriptive branch:
```bash
git checkout -b <new-branch-name>
```
2. **Commit Changes**: Verify that all intended changes are committed.
- Run `git status` to check for unstaged or uncommitted changes.
- If there are uncommitted changes, stage and commit them with a descriptive
message before proceeding. NEVER commit directly to `main`.
```bash
git add .
git commit -m "type(scope): description"
```
3. **Locate Template**: Search for a pull request template in the repository.
1. **Locate Template**: Search for a pull request template in the repository.
- Check `.github/pull_request_template.md`
- Check `.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md`
- If multiple templates exist (e.g., in `.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE/`),
ask the user which one to use or select the most appropriate one based on
the context (e.g., `bug_fix.md` vs `feature.md`).
4. **Read Template**: Read the content of the identified template file.
2. **Read Template**: Read the content of the identified template file.
5. **Draft Description**: Create a PR description that strictly follows the
3. **Draft Description**: Create a PR description that strictly follows the
template's structure.
- **Headings**: Keep all headings from the template.
- **Checklists**: Review each item. Mark with `[x]` if completed. If an item
@@ -53,24 +35,7 @@ Follow these steps to create a Pull Request:
- **Related Issues**: Link any issues fixed or related to this PR (e.g.,
"Fixes #123").
6. **Preflight Check**: Before creating the PR, run the workspace preflight
script to ensure all build, lint, and test checks pass.
```bash
npm run preflight
```
If any checks fail, address the issues before proceeding to create the PR.
7. **Push Branch**: Push the current branch to the remote repository.
**CRITICAL SAFETY RAIL:** Double-check your branch name before pushing.
NEVER push if the current branch is `main`.
```bash
# Verify current branch is NOT main
git branch --show-current
# Push non-interactively
git push -u origin HEAD
```
8. **Create PR**: Use the `gh` CLI to create the PR. To avoid shell escaping
4. **Create PR**: Use the `gh` CLI to create the PR. To avoid shell escaping
issues with multi-line Markdown, write the description to a temporary file
first.
```bash
@@ -87,7 +52,6 @@ Follow these steps to create a Pull Request:
## Principles
- **Safety First**: NEVER push to `main`. This is your highest priority.
- **Compliance**: Never ignore the PR template. It exists for a reason.
- **Completeness**: Fill out all relevant sections.
- **Accuracy**: Don't check boxes for tasks you haven't done.
+1 -1
View File
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ body:
id: 'info'
attributes:
label: 'Client information'
description: 'Please paste the full text from the `/about` command run from Gemini CLI. Also include which platform (macOS, Windows, Linux). Note that this output contains your email address. Consider removing it before submitting.'
description: 'Please paste the full text from the `/about` command run from Gemini CLI. Also include which platform (macOS, Windows, Linux).'
value: |-
<details>
<summary>Client Information</summary>
+1 -4
View File
@@ -20,9 +20,6 @@ inputs:
github-token:
description: 'The GitHub token for creating the release.'
required: true
github-release-token:
description: 'The GitHub token used specifically for creating the GitHub release (to trigger other workflows).'
required: false
dry-run:
description: 'Whether to run in dry-run mode.'
type: 'string'
@@ -257,7 +254,7 @@ runs:
working-directory: '${{ inputs.working-directory }}'
if: "${{ inputs.dry-run != 'true' && inputs.skip-github-release != 'true' && inputs.npm-tag != 'dev' && inputs.npm-registry-url != 'https://npm.pkg.github.com/' }}"
env:
GITHUB_TOKEN: '${{ inputs.github-release-token || inputs.github-token }}'
GITHUB_TOKEN: '${{ inputs.github-token }}'
shell: 'bash'
run: |
gh release create "${{ inputs.release-tag }}" \
+12 -12
View File
@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ set -euo pipefail
PRS_NEEDING_COMMENT=""
# Global cache for issue labels (compatible with Bash 3.2)
# Stores "|ISSUE_NUM:LABELS|" segments
ISSUE_LABELS_CACHE_FLAT="|"
# Stores "ISSUE_NUM:LABELS" pairs separated by spaces
ISSUE_LABELS_CACHE_FLAT=""
# Function to get labels from an issue (with caching)
# Function to get area and priority labels from an issue (with caching)
get_issue_labels() {
local ISSUE_NUM="${1}"
if [[ -z "${ISSUE_NUM}" || "${ISSUE_NUM}" == "null" || "${ISSUE_NUM}" == "" ]]; then
@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@ get_issue_labels() {
fi
# Check cache
case "${ISSUE_LABELS_CACHE_FLAT}" in
*"|${ISSUE_NUM}:"*)
local suffix="${ISSUE_LABELS_CACHE_FLAT#*|${ISSUE_NUM}:}"
echo "${suffix%%|*}"
case " ${ISSUE_LABELS_CACHE_FLAT} " in
*" ${ISSUE_NUM}:"*)
local suffix="${ISSUE_LABELS_CACHE_FLAT#* " ${ISSUE_NUM}:"}"
echo "${suffix%% *}"
return
;;
*)
@@ -31,19 +31,19 @@ get_issue_labels() {
;;
esac
echo " 📥 Fetching labels from issue #${ISSUE_NUM}" >&2
echo " 📥 Fetching area and priority labels from issue #${ISSUE_NUM}" >&2
local gh_output
if ! gh_output=$(gh issue view "${ISSUE_NUM}" --repo "${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}" --json labels -q '.labels[].name' 2>/dev/null); then
echo " ⚠️ Could not fetch issue #${ISSUE_NUM}" >&2
ISSUE_LABELS_CACHE_FLAT="${ISSUE_LABELS_CACHE_FLAT}${ISSUE_NUM}:|"
ISSUE_LABELS_CACHE_FLAT="${ISSUE_LABELS_CACHE_FLAT} ${ISSUE_NUM}:"
return
fi
local labels
labels=$(echo "${gh_output}" | grep -x -E '(area|priority)/.*|help wanted|🔒 maintainer only' | tr '\n' ',' | sed 's/,$//' || echo "")
labels=$(echo "${gh_output}" | grep -E '^(area|priority)/' | tr '\n' ',' | sed 's/,$//' || echo "")
# Save to flat cache
ISSUE_LABELS_CACHE_FLAT="${ISSUE_LABELS_CACHE_FLAT}${ISSUE_NUM}:${labels}|"
ISSUE_LABELS_CACHE_FLAT="${ISSUE_LABELS_CACHE_FLAT} ${ISSUE_NUM}:${labels}"
echo "${labels}"
}
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ done
EDIT_CMD+=("--remove-label" "${LABELS_TO_REMOVE}")
fi
("${EDIT_CMD[@]}" || true)
("${EDIT_CMD[@]}" 2>/dev/null || true)
fi
}
+2 -6
View File
@@ -1,9 +1,5 @@
/**
* @license
* Copyright 2026 Google LLC
* SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
*/
/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/no-require-imports */
/* global process, console, require */
const { Octokit } = require('@octokit/rest');
/**
+2 -56
View File
@@ -177,19 +177,6 @@ jobs:
- name: 'Smoke test bundle'
run: 'node ./bundle/gemini.js --version'
- name: 'Smoke test npx installation'
run: |
# 1. Package the project into a tarball
TARBALL=$(npm pack | tail -n 1)
# 2. Move to a fresh directory for isolation
mkdir -p ../smoke-test-dir
mv "$TARBALL" ../smoke-test-dir/
cd ../smoke-test-dir
# 3. Run npx from the tarball
npx "./$TARBALL" --version
- name: 'Wait for file system sync'
run: 'sleep 2'
@@ -265,19 +252,6 @@ jobs:
- name: 'Smoke test bundle'
run: 'node ./bundle/gemini.js --version'
- name: 'Smoke test npx installation'
run: |
# 1. Package the project into a tarball
TARBALL=$(npm pack | tail -n 1)
# 2. Move to a fresh directory for isolation
mkdir -p ../smoke-test-dir
mv "$TARBALL" ../smoke-test-dir/
cd ../smoke-test-dir
# 3. Run npx from the tarball
npx "./$TARBALL" --version
- name: 'Wait for file system sync'
run: 'sleep 2'
@@ -356,17 +330,11 @@ jobs:
clean-script: 'clean'
test_windows:
name: 'Slow Test - Win - ${{ matrix.shard }}'
name: 'Slow Test - Win'
runs-on: 'gemini-cli-windows-16-core'
needs: 'merge_queue_skipper'
if: "${{needs.merge_queue_skipper.outputs.skip == 'false'}}"
continue-on-error: true
timeout-minutes: 60
strategy:
matrix:
shard:
- 'cli'
- 'others'
steps:
- name: 'Checkout'
@@ -417,14 +385,7 @@ jobs:
NODE_OPTIONS: '--max-old-space-size=32768 --max-semi-space-size=256'
UV_THREADPOOL_SIZE: '32'
NODE_ENV: 'test'
run: |
if ("${{ matrix.shard }}" -eq "cli") {
npm run test:ci --workspace @google/gemini-cli -- --coverage.enabled=false
} else {
# Explicitly list non-cli packages to ensure they are sharded correctly
npm run test:ci --workspace @google/gemini-cli-core --workspace @google/gemini-cli-a2a-server --workspace gemini-cli-vscode-ide-companion --workspace @google/gemini-cli-test-utils --if-present -- --coverage.enabled=false
npm run test:scripts
}
run: 'npm run test:ci -- --coverage.enabled=false'
shell: 'pwsh'
- name: 'Bundle'
@@ -435,21 +396,6 @@ jobs:
run: 'node ./bundle/gemini.js --version'
shell: 'pwsh'
- name: 'Smoke test npx installation'
run: |
# 1. Package the project into a tarball
$PACK_OUTPUT = npm pack
$TARBALL = $PACK_OUTPUT[-1]
# 2. Move to a fresh directory for isolation
New-Item -ItemType Directory -Force -Path ../smoke-test-dir
Move-Item $TARBALL ../smoke-test-dir/
Set-Location ../smoke-test-dir
# 3. Run npx from the tarball
npx "./$TARBALL" --version
shell: 'pwsh'
ci:
name: 'CI'
if: 'always()'
+2 -27
View File
@@ -9,10 +9,6 @@ on:
description: 'Run all evaluations (including usually passing)'
type: 'boolean'
default: true
test_name_pattern:
description: 'Test name pattern or file name'
required: false
type: 'string'
permissions:
contents: 'read'
@@ -26,12 +22,6 @@ jobs:
strategy:
fail-fast: false
matrix:
model:
- 'gemini-3-pro-preview'
- 'gemini-3-flash-preview'
- 'gemini-2.5-pro'
- 'gemini-2.5-flash'
- 'gemini-2.5-flash-lite'
run_attempt: [1, 2, 3]
steps:
- name: 'Checkout'
@@ -53,31 +43,16 @@ jobs:
run: 'mkdir -p evals/logs'
- name: 'Run Evals'
continue-on-error: true
env:
GEMINI_API_KEY: '${{ secrets.GEMINI_API_KEY }}'
GEMINI_MODEL: '${{ matrix.model }}'
RUN_EVALS: "${{ github.event.inputs.run_all != 'false' }}"
TEST_NAME_PATTERN: '${{ github.event.inputs.test_name_pattern }}'
run: |
CMD="npm run test:all_evals"
PATTERN="${{ env.TEST_NAME_PATTERN }}"
if [[ -n "$PATTERN" ]]; then
if [[ "$PATTERN" == *.ts || "$PATTERN" == *.js || "$PATTERN" == */* ]]; then
$CMD -- "$PATTERN"
else
$CMD -- -t "$PATTERN"
fi
else
$CMD
fi
run: 'npm run test:all_evals'
- name: 'Upload Logs'
if: 'always()'
uses: 'actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02' # ratchet:actions/upload-artifact@v4
with:
name: 'eval-logs-${{ matrix.model }}-${{ matrix.run_attempt }}'
name: 'eval-logs-${{ matrix.run_attempt }}'
path: 'evals/logs'
retention-days: 7
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ jobs:
steps:
- name: 'Generate GitHub App Token'
id: 'generate_token'
uses: 'actions/create-github-app-token@v2'
uses: 'actions/create-github-app-token@v1'
with:
app-id: '${{ secrets.APP_ID }}'
private-key: '${{ secrets.PRIVATE_KEY }}'
@@ -79,14 +79,8 @@ jobs:
continue;
}
// Skip if it has a maintainer, help wanted, or Public Roadmap label
const rawLabels = issue.labels.map((l) => l.name);
const lowercaseLabels = rawLabels.map((l) => l.toLowerCase());
if (
lowercaseLabels.some((l) => l.includes('maintainer')) ||
lowercaseLabels.includes('help wanted') ||
rawLabels.includes('🗓️ Public Roadmap')
) {
// Skip if it has a maintainer label
if (issue.labels.some(label => label.name.toLowerCase().includes('maintainer'))) {
continue;
}
@@ -1,254 +0,0 @@
name: 'Gemini Scheduled Stale PR Closer'
on:
schedule:
- cron: '0 2 * * *' # Every day at 2 AM UTC
pull_request:
types: ['opened', 'edited']
workflow_dispatch:
inputs:
dry_run:
description: 'Run in dry-run mode'
required: false
default: false
type: 'boolean'
jobs:
close-stale-prs:
if: "github.repository == 'google-gemini/gemini-cli'"
runs-on: 'ubuntu-latest'
permissions:
pull-requests: 'write'
issues: 'write'
steps:
- name: 'Generate GitHub App Token'
id: 'generate_token'
uses: 'actions/create-github-app-token@v2'
with:
app-id: '${{ secrets.APP_ID }}'
private-key: '${{ secrets.PRIVATE_KEY }}'
- name: 'Process Stale PRs'
uses: 'actions/github-script@v7'
env:
DRY_RUN: '${{ inputs.dry_run }}'
with:
github-token: '${{ steps.generate_token.outputs.token }}'
script: |
const dryRun = process.env.DRY_RUN === 'true';
const thirtyDaysAgo = new Date();
thirtyDaysAgo.setDate(thirtyDaysAgo.getDate() - 30);
// 1. Fetch maintainers for verification
let maintainerLogins = new Set();
const teams = ['gemini-cli-maintainers', 'gemini-cli-askmode-approvers', 'gemini-cli-docs'];
for (const team_slug of teams) {
try {
const members = await github.paginate(github.rest.teams.listMembersInOrg, {
org: context.repo.owner,
team_slug: team_slug
});
for (const m of members) maintainerLogins.add(m.login.toLowerCase());
core.info(`Successfully fetched ${members.length} team members from ${team_slug}`);
} catch (e) {
core.warning(`Failed to fetch team members from ${team_slug}: ${e.message}`);
}
}
const isGooglerCache = new Map();
const isGoogler = async (login) => {
if (isGooglerCache.has(login)) return isGooglerCache.get(login);
try {
// Check membership in 'googlers' or 'google' orgs
const orgs = ['googlers', 'google'];
for (const org of orgs) {
try {
await github.rest.orgs.checkMembershipForUser({
org: org,
username: login
});
core.info(`User ${login} is a member of ${org} organization.`);
isGooglerCache.set(login, true);
return true;
} catch (e) {
// 404 just means they aren't a member, which is fine
if (e.status !== 404) throw e;
}
}
} catch (e) {
core.warning(`Failed to check org membership for ${login}: ${e.message}`);
}
isGooglerCache.set(login, false);
return false;
};
const isMaintainer = async (login, assoc) => {
const isTeamMember = maintainerLogins.has(login.toLowerCase());
const isRepoMaintainer = ['OWNER', 'MEMBER', 'COLLABORATOR'].includes(assoc);
if (isTeamMember || isRepoMaintainer) return true;
return await isGoogler(login);
};
// 2. Determine which PRs to check
let prs = [];
if (context.eventName === 'pull_request') {
const { data: pr } = await github.rest.pulls.get({
owner: context.repo.owner,
repo: context.repo.repo,
pull_number: context.payload.pull_request.number
});
prs = [pr];
} else {
prs = await github.paginate(github.rest.pulls.list, {
owner: context.repo.owner,
repo: context.repo.repo,
state: 'open',
per_page: 100
});
}
for (const pr of prs) {
const maintainerPr = await isMaintainer(pr.user.login, pr.author_association);
const isBot = pr.user.type === 'Bot' || pr.user.login.endsWith('[bot]');
// Detection Logic for Linked Issues
// Check 1: Official GitHub "Closing Issue" link (GraphQL)
const linkedIssueQuery = `query($owner:String!, $repo:String!, $number:Int!) {
repository(owner:$owner, name:$repo) {
pullRequest(number:$number) {
closingIssuesReferences(first: 1) { totalCount }
}
}
}`;
let hasClosingLink = false;
try {
const res = await github.graphql(linkedIssueQuery, {
owner: context.repo.owner, repo: context.repo.repo, number: pr.number
});
hasClosingLink = res.repository.pullRequest.closingIssuesReferences.totalCount > 0;
} catch (e) {}
// Check 2: Regex for mentions (e.g., "Related to #123", "Part of #123", "#123")
// We check for # followed by numbers or direct URLs to issues.
const body = pr.body || '';
const mentionRegex = /(?:#|https:\/\/github\.com\/[^\/]+\/[^\/]+\/issues\/)(\d+)/i;
const hasMentionLink = mentionRegex.test(body);
const hasLinkedIssue = hasClosingLink || hasMentionLink;
// Logic for Closed PRs (Auto-Reopen)
if (pr.state === 'closed' && context.eventName === 'pull_request' && context.payload.action === 'edited') {
if (hasLinkedIssue) {
core.info(`PR #${pr.number} now has a linked issue. Reopening.`);
if (!dryRun) {
await github.rest.pulls.update({
owner: context.repo.owner,
repo: context.repo.repo,
pull_number: pr.number,
state: 'open'
});
await github.rest.issues.createComment({
owner: context.repo.owner,
repo: context.repo.repo,
issue_number: pr.number,
body: "Thank you for linking an issue! This pull request has been automatically reopened."
});
}
}
continue;
}
// Logic for Open PRs (Immediate Closure)
if (pr.state === 'open' && !maintainerPr && !hasLinkedIssue && !isBot) {
core.info(`PR #${pr.number} is missing a linked issue. Closing.`);
if (!dryRun) {
await github.rest.issues.createComment({
owner: context.repo.owner,
repo: context.repo.repo,
issue_number: pr.number,
body: "Hi there! Thank you for your contribution to Gemini CLI. \n\nTo improve our contribution process and better track changes, we now require all pull requests to be associated with an existing issue, as announced in our [recent discussion](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/discussions/16706) and as detailed in our [CONTRIBUTING.md](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#1-link-to-an-existing-issue).\n\nThis pull request is being closed because it is not currently linked to an issue. **Once you have updated the description of this PR to link an issue (e.g., by adding `Fixes #123` or `Related to #123`), it will be automatically reopened.**\n\n**How to link an issue:**\nAdd a keyword followed by the issue number (e.g., `Fixes #123`) in the description of your pull request. For more details on supported keywords and how linking works, please refer to the [GitHub Documentation on linking pull requests to issues](https://docs.github.com/en/issues/tracking-your-work-with-issues/linking-a-pull-request-to-an-issue).\n\nThank you for your understanding and for being a part of our community!"
});
await github.rest.pulls.update({
owner: context.repo.owner,
repo: context.repo.repo,
pull_number: pr.number,
state: 'closed'
});
}
continue;
}
// Staleness check (Scheduled runs only)
if (pr.state === 'open' && context.eventName !== 'pull_request') {
const labels = pr.labels.map(l => l.name.toLowerCase());
if (labels.includes('help wanted') || labels.includes('🔒 maintainer only')) continue;
// Skip PRs that were created less than 30 days ago - they cannot be stale yet
const prCreatedAt = new Date(pr.created_at);
if (prCreatedAt > thirtyDaysAgo) {
const daysOld = Math.floor((Date.now() - prCreatedAt.getTime()) / (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24));
core.info(`PR #${pr.number} was created ${daysOld} days ago. Skipping staleness check.`);
continue;
}
// Initialize lastActivity to PR creation date (not epoch) as a safety baseline.
// This ensures we never incorrectly mark a PR as stale due to failed activity lookups.
let lastActivity = new Date(pr.created_at);
try {
const reviews = await github.paginate(github.rest.pulls.listReviews, {
owner: context.repo.owner,
repo: context.repo.repo,
pull_number: pr.number
});
for (const r of reviews) {
if (await isMaintainer(r.user.login, r.author_association)) {
const d = new Date(r.submitted_at || r.updated_at);
if (d > lastActivity) lastActivity = d;
}
}
const comments = await github.paginate(github.rest.issues.listComments, {
owner: context.repo.owner,
repo: context.repo.repo,
issue_number: pr.number
});
for (const c of comments) {
if (await isMaintainer(c.user.login, c.author_association)) {
const d = new Date(c.updated_at);
if (d > lastActivity) lastActivity = d;
}
}
} catch (e) {
core.warning(`Failed to fetch reviews/comments for PR #${pr.number}: ${e.message}`);
}
// For maintainer PRs, the PR creation itself counts as maintainer activity.
// (Now redundant since we initialize to pr.created_at, but kept for clarity)
if (maintainerPr) {
const d = new Date(pr.created_at);
if (d > lastActivity) lastActivity = d;
}
if (lastActivity < thirtyDaysAgo) {
core.info(`PR #${pr.number} is stale.`);
if (!dryRun) {
await github.rest.issues.createComment({
owner: context.repo.owner,
repo: context.repo.repo,
issue_number: pr.number,
body: "Hi there! Thank you for your contribution to Gemini CLI. We really appreciate the time and effort you've put into this pull request.\n\nTo keep our backlog manageable and ensure we're focusing on current priorities, we are closing pull requests that haven't seen maintainer activity for 30 days. Currently, the team is prioritizing work associated with **🔒 maintainer only** or **help wanted** issues.\n\nIf you believe this change is still critical, please feel free to comment with updated details. Otherwise, we encourage contributors to focus on open issues labeled as **help wanted**. Thank you for your understanding!"
});
await github.rest.pulls.update({
owner: context.repo.owner,
repo: context.repo.repo,
pull_number: pr.number,
state: 'closed'
});
}
}
}
}
+119
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
name: '🏷️ Enforce Restricted Label Permissions'
on:
issues:
types:
- 'labeled'
- 'unlabeled'
jobs:
enforce-label:
# Run this job only when restricted labels are changed
if: |-
${{ (github.event.label.name == 'help wanted' || github.event.label.name == 'status/need-triage' || github.event.label.name == '🔒 maintainer only') &&
(github.repository == 'google-gemini/gemini-cli' || github.repository == 'google-gemini/maintainers-gemini-cli') }}
runs-on: 'ubuntu-latest'
permissions:
issues: 'write'
steps:
- name: 'Generate GitHub App Token'
id: 'generate_token'
env:
APP_ID: '${{ secrets.APP_ID }}'
if: |-
${{ env.APP_ID != '' }}
uses: 'actions/create-github-app-token@a8d616148505b5069dccd32f177bb87d7f39123b' # ratchet:actions/create-github-app-token@v2
with:
app-id: '${{ secrets.APP_ID }}'
private-key: '${{ secrets.PRIVATE_KEY }}'
- name: 'Check if user is in the maintainers team'
uses: 'actions/github-script@60a0d83039c74a4aee543508d2ffcb1c3799cdea'
with:
github-token: '${{ steps.generate_token.outputs.token || secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}'
script: |-
const org = context.repo.owner;
const username = context.payload.sender.login;
const team_slug = 'gemini-cli-maintainers';
const action = context.payload.action; // 'labeled' or 'unlabeled'
const labelName = context.payload.label.name;
// Skip if the change was made by a bot to avoid infinite loops
if (username === 'github-actions[bot]' || username === 'gemini-cli[bot]' || username.endsWith('[bot]')) {
core.info('Change made by a bot. Skipping.');
return;
}
try {
// Check repository permission level directly.
// This is more robust than team membership as it doesn't require Org-level read permissions
// and correctly handles Repo Admins/Writers who might not be in the specific team.
const { data: { permission } } = await github.rest.repos.getCollaboratorPermissionLevel({
owner: org,
repo: context.repo.repo,
username,
});
if (permission === 'admin' || permission === 'write') {
core.info(`${username} has '${permission}' permission. Allowed.`);
return;
}
core.info(`${username} has '${permission}' permission (needs 'write' or 'admin'). Reverting '${action}' action for '${labelName}' label.`);
} catch (error) {
core.error(`Failed to check permissions for ${username}: ${error.message}`);
// Fall through to revert logic if we can't verify permissions (fail safe)
}
// If we are here, the user is NOT authorized.
if (true) { // wrapping block to preserve variable scope if needed
if (action === 'labeled') {
// 1. Remove the label if added by a non-maintainer
await github.rest.issues.removeLabel ({
owner: org,
repo: context.repo.repo,
issue_number: context.issue.number,
name: labelName
});
// 2. Post a polite comment
const comment = `
Hi @${username}, thank you for your interest in helping triage issues!
The \`${labelName}\` label is reserved for project maintainers to apply. This helps us ensure that an issue is ready and properly vetted for community contribution.
A maintainer will review this issue soon. Please see our [CONTRIBUTING.md](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md) for more details on our labeling process.
`.trim().replace(/^[ ]+/gm, '');
await github.rest.issues.createComment ({
owner: org,
repo: context.repo.repo,
issue_number: context.issue.number,
body: comment
});
} else if (action === 'unlabeled') {
// 1. Add the label back if removed by a non-maintainer
await github.rest.issues.addLabels ({
owner: org,
repo: context.repo.repo,
issue_number: context.issue.number,
labels: [labelName]
});
// 2. Post a polite comment
const comment = `
Hi @${username}, it looks like the \`${labelName}\` label was removed.
This label is managed by project maintainers. We've added it back to ensure the issue remains visible to potential contributors until a maintainer decides otherwise.
Thank you for your understanding!
`.trim().replace(/^[ ]+/gm, '');
await github.rest.issues.createComment ({
owner: org,
repo: context.repo.repo,
issue_number: context.issue.number,
body: comment
});
}
}
+42 -122
View File
@@ -23,32 +23,16 @@ jobs:
const allowedParentUrls = [
'https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/issues/15374',
'https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/issues/15456',
'https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/issues/15324',
'https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/issues/17202',
'https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/issues/17203'
'https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/issues/15324'
];
// Single issue processing (for event triggers)
async function processSingleIssue(owner, repo, number) {
async function getIssueParent(owner, repo, number) {
const query = `
query($owner:String!, $repo:String!, $number:Int!) {
repository(owner:$owner, name:$repo) {
issue(number:$number) {
number
parent {
url
parent {
url
parent {
url
parent {
url
parent {
url
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
@@ -56,119 +40,55 @@ jobs:
`;
try {
const result = await github.graphql(query, { owner, repo, number });
if (!result || !result.repository || !result.repository.issue) {
console.log(`Issue #${number} not found or data missing.`);
return;
}
const issue = result.repository.issue;
await checkAndLabel(issue, owner, repo);
return result.repository.issue.parent ? result.repository.issue.parent.url : null;
} catch (error) {
console.error(`Failed to process issue #${number}:`, error);
throw error; // Re-throw to be caught by main execution
console.error(`Failed to fetch parent for #${number}:`, error);
return null;
}
}
// Bulk processing (for schedule/dispatch)
async function processAllOpenIssues(owner, repo) {
const query = `
query($owner:String!, $repo:String!, $cursor:String) {
repository(owner:$owner, name:$repo) {
issues(first: 100, states: OPEN, after: $cursor) {
pageInfo {
hasNextPage
endCursor
}
nodes {
number
parent {
url
parent {
url
parent {
url
parent {
url
parent {
url
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
`;
// Determine which issues to process
let issuesToProcess = [];
let hasNextPage = true;
let cursor = null;
while (hasNextPage) {
try {
const result = await github.graphql(query, { owner, repo, cursor });
if (!result || !result.repository || !result.repository.issues) {
console.error('Invalid response structure from GitHub API');
break;
}
const issues = result.repository.issues.nodes || [];
console.log(`Processing batch of ${issues.length} issues...`);
for (const issue of issues) {
await checkAndLabel(issue, owner, repo);
}
hasNextPage = result.repository.issues.pageInfo.hasNextPage;
cursor = result.repository.issues.pageInfo.endCursor;
} catch (error) {
console.error('Failed to fetch issues batch:', error);
throw error; // Re-throw to be caught by main execution
}
}
if (context.eventName === 'issues') {
// Context payload for 'issues' event already has the issue object
issuesToProcess.push({
number: context.payload.issue.number,
owner: context.repo.owner,
repo: context.repo.repo
});
} else {
// For schedule/dispatch, fetch open issues (lightweight list)
console.log(`Running for event: ${context.eventName}. Fetching open issues...`);
const openIssues = await github.paginate(github.rest.issues.listForRepo, {
owner: context.repo.owner,
repo: context.repo.repo,
state: 'open'
});
issuesToProcess = openIssues.map(i => ({
number: i.number,
owner: context.repo.owner,
repo: context.repo.repo
}));
}
async function checkAndLabel(issue, owner, repo) {
if (!issue || !issue.parent) return;
console.log(`Processing ${issuesToProcess.length} issue(s)...`);
let currentParent = issue.parent;
let tracedParents = [];
let matched = false;
for (const issue of issuesToProcess) {
const parentUrl = await getIssueParent(issue.owner, issue.repo, issue.number);
while (currentParent) {
tracedParents.push(currentParent.url);
if (allowedParentUrls.includes(currentParent.url)) {
console.log(`SUCCESS: Issue #${issue.number} is a descendant of ${currentParent.url}. Trace: ${tracedParents.join(' -> ')}. Adding label.`);
await github.rest.issues.addLabels({
owner,
repo,
issue_number: issue.number,
labels: [labelToAdd]
});
matched = true;
break;
}
currentParent = currentParent.parent;
}
if (!matched && context.eventName === 'issues') {
console.log(`Issue #${issue.number} did not match any allowed workstreams. Trace: ${tracedParents.join(' -> ') || 'None'}.`);
}
}
// Main execution
try {
if (context.eventName === 'issues') {
console.log(`Processing single issue #${context.payload.issue.number}...`);
await processSingleIssue(context.repo.owner, context.repo.repo, context.payload.issue.number);
if (parentUrl && allowedParentUrls.includes(parentUrl)) {
console.log(`SUCCESS: Issue #${issue.number} is a direct child of ${parentUrl}. Adding label.`);
await github.rest.issues.addLabels({
owner: issue.owner,
repo: issue.repo,
issue_number: issue.number,
labels: [labelToAdd]
});
} else {
console.log(`Running for event: ${context.eventName}. Processing all open issues...`);
await processAllOpenIssues(context.repo.owner, context.repo.repo);
// logging only for single execution to avoid spam
if (context.eventName === 'issues') {
console.log(`Issue #${issue.number} parent is ${parentUrl || 'None'}. No action.`);
}
}
} catch (error) {
core.setFailed(`Workflow failed: ${error.message}`);
}
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ jobs:
APP_ID: '${{ secrets.APP_ID }}'
if: |-
${{ env.APP_ID != '' }}
uses: 'actions/create-github-app-token@v2'
uses: 'actions/create-github-app-token@a8d616148505b5069dccd32f177bb87d7f39123b' # ratchet:actions/create-github-app-token@v2
with:
app-id: '${{ secrets.APP_ID }}'
private-key: '${{ secrets.PRIVATE_KEY }}'
@@ -35,59 +35,9 @@ jobs:
const pr_number = context.payload.pull_request.number;
// 1. Check if the PR author is a maintainer
// Check team membership (most reliable for private org members)
let isTeamMember = false;
const teams = ['gemini-cli-maintainers', 'gemini-cli-askmode-approvers', 'gemini-cli-docs'];
for (const team_slug of teams) {
try {
const members = await github.paginate(github.rest.teams.listMembersInOrg, {
org: org,
team_slug: team_slug
});
if (members.some(m => m.login.toLowerCase() === username.toLowerCase())) {
isTeamMember = true;
core.info(`${username} is a member of ${team_slug}. No notification needed.`);
break;
}
} catch (e) {
core.warning(`Failed to fetch team members from ${team_slug}: ${e.message}`);
}
}
if (isTeamMember) return;
// Check author_association from webhook payload
const authorAssociation = context.payload.pull_request.author_association;
const isRepoMaintainer = ['OWNER', 'MEMBER', 'COLLABORATOR'].includes(authorAssociation);
if (isRepoMaintainer) {
core.info(`${username} is a maintainer (author_association: ${authorAssociation}). No notification needed.`);
return;
}
// Check if author is a Googler
const isGoogler = async (login) => {
try {
const orgs = ['googlers', 'google'];
for (const org of orgs) {
try {
await github.rest.orgs.checkMembershipForUser({
org: org,
username: login
});
return true;
} catch (e) {
if (e.status !== 404) throw e;
}
}
} catch (e) {
core.warning(`Failed to check org membership for ${login}: ${e.message}`);
}
return false;
};
if (await isGoogler(username)) {
core.info(`${username} is a Googler. No notification needed.`);
if (['OWNER', 'MEMBER', 'COLLABORATOR'].includes(authorAssociation)) {
core.info(`${username} is a maintainer (Association: ${authorAssociation}). No notification needed.`);
return;
}
-1
View File
@@ -110,7 +110,6 @@ jobs:
wombat-token-cli: '${{ secrets.WOMBAT_TOKEN_CLI }}'
wombat-token-a2a-server: '${{ secrets.WOMBAT_TOKEN_A2A_SERVER }}'
github-token: '${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}'
github-release-token: '${{ secrets.GEMINI_CLI_ROBOT_GITHUB_PAT }}'
dry-run: '${{ github.event.inputs.dry_run }}'
previous-tag: '${{ steps.release_info.outputs.PREVIOUS_TAG }}'
skip-github-release: '${{ github.event.inputs.skip_github_release }}'
+1 -2
View File
@@ -124,7 +124,6 @@ jobs:
wombat-token-cli: '${{ secrets.WOMBAT_TOKEN_CLI }}'
wombat-token-a2a-server: '${{ secrets.WOMBAT_TOKEN_A2A_SERVER }}'
github-token: '${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}'
github-release-token: '${{ secrets.GEMINI_CLI_ROBOT_GITHUB_PAT }}'
dry-run: '${{ steps.vars.outputs.is_dry_run }}'
previous-tag: '${{ steps.nightly_version.outputs.PREVIOUS_TAG }}'
working-directory: './release'
@@ -145,7 +144,7 @@ jobs:
branch-name: 'release/${{ steps.nightly_version.outputs.RELEASE_TAG }}'
pr-title: 'chore/release: bump version to ${{ steps.nightly_version.outputs.RELEASE_VERSION }}'
pr-body: 'Automated version bump for nightly release.'
github-token: '${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}'
github-token: '${{ secrets.GEMINI_CLI_ROBOT_GITHUB_PAT }}'
dry-run: '${{ steps.vars.outputs.is_dry_run }}'
working-directory: './release'
-85
View File
@@ -1,85 +0,0 @@
# This workflow is triggered on every new release.
# It uses Gemini to generate release notes and creates a PR with the changes.
name: 'Generate Release Notes'
on:
release:
types: ['published']
workflow_dispatch:
inputs:
version:
description: 'New version (e.g., v1.2.3)'
required: true
type: 'string'
body:
description: 'Release notes body'
required: true
type: 'string'
time:
description: 'Release time'
required: true
type: 'string'
jobs:
generate-release-notes:
runs-on: 'ubuntu-latest'
permissions:
contents: 'write'
pull-requests: 'write'
steps:
- name: 'Checkout repository'
uses: 'actions/checkout@v4'
with:
# The user-level skills need to be available to the workflow
fetch-depth: 0
- name: 'Set up Node.js'
uses: 'actions/setup-node@v4'
with:
node-version: '20'
- name: 'Get release information'
id: 'release_info'
run: |
VERSION="${{ github.event.inputs.version || github.event.release.tag_name }}"
BODY="${{ github.event.inputs.body || github.event.release.body }}"
TIME="${{ github.event.inputs.time || github.event.release.created_at }}"
echo "VERSION=${VERSION}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
echo "TIME=${TIME}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
# Use a heredoc to preserve multiline release body
echo 'RAW_CHANGELOG<<EOF' >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
printf "%s\n" "${BODY}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
echo 'EOF' >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
env:
GH_TOKEN: '${{ secrets.GEMINI_CLI_ROBOT_GITHUB_PAT }}'
- name: 'Generate Changelog with Gemini'
uses: 'google-github-actions/run-gemini-cli@a3bf79042542528e91937b3a3a6fbc4967ee3c31' # ratchet:google-github-actions/run-gemini-cli@v0
with:
gemini_api_key: '${{ secrets.GEMINI_API_KEY }}'
prompt: |
Activate the 'docs-changelog' skill.
**Release Information:**
- New Version: ${{ steps.release_info.outputs.VERSION }}
- Release Date: ${{ steps.release_info.outputs.TIME }}
- Raw Changelog Data: ${{ steps.release_info.outputs.RAW_CHANGELOG }}
Execute the release notes generation process using the information provided.
- name: 'Create Pull Request'
uses: 'peter-evans/create-pull-request@v6'
with:
token: '${{ secrets.GEMINI_CLI_ROBOT_GITHUB_PAT }}'
commit-message: 'docs(changelog): update for ${{ steps.release_info.outputs.VERSION }}'
title: 'Changelog for ${{ steps.release_info.outputs.VERSION }}'
body: |
This PR contains the auto-generated changelog for the ${{ steps.release_info.outputs.VERSION }} release.
Please review and merge.
branch: 'changelog-${{ steps.release_info.outputs.VERSION }}'
base: 'main'
team-reviewers: 'gemini-cli-docs, gemini-cli-maintainers'
delete-branch: true
@@ -184,7 +184,6 @@ jobs:
wombat-token-cli: '${{ secrets.WOMBAT_TOKEN_CLI }}'
wombat-token-a2a-server: '${{ secrets.WOMBAT_TOKEN_A2A_SERVER }}'
github-token: '${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}'
github-release-token: '${{ secrets.GEMINI_CLI_ROBOT_GITHUB_PAT }}'
dry-run: '${{ github.event.inputs.dry_run }}'
previous-tag: '${{ steps.patch_version.outputs.PREVIOUS_TAG }}'
gemini_api_key: '${{ secrets.GEMINI_API_KEY }}'
+1 -3
View File
@@ -239,7 +239,6 @@ jobs:
wombat-token-cli: '${{ secrets.WOMBAT_TOKEN_CLI }}'
wombat-token-a2a-server: '${{ secrets.WOMBAT_TOKEN_A2A_SERVER }}'
github-token: '${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}'
github-release-token: '${{ secrets.GEMINI_CLI_ROBOT_GITHUB_PAT }}'
dry-run: '${{ github.event.inputs.dry_run }}'
previous-tag: '${{ needs.calculate-versions.outputs.PREVIOUS_PREVIEW_TAG }}'
working-directory: './release'
@@ -306,7 +305,6 @@ jobs:
wombat-token-cli: '${{ secrets.WOMBAT_TOKEN_CLI }}'
wombat-token-a2a-server: '${{ secrets.WOMBAT_TOKEN_A2A_SERVER }}'
github-token: '${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}'
github-release-token: '${{ secrets.GEMINI_CLI_ROBOT_GITHUB_PAT }}'
dry-run: '${{ github.event.inputs.dry_run }}'
previous-tag: '${{ needs.calculate-versions.outputs.PREVIOUS_STABLE_TAG }}'
working-directory: './release'
@@ -392,7 +390,7 @@ jobs:
branch-name: '${{ steps.release_branch.outputs.BRANCH_NAME }}'
pr-title: 'chore(release): bump version to ${{ needs.calculate-versions.outputs.NEXT_NIGHTLY_VERSION }}'
pr-body: 'Automated version bump to prepare for the next nightly release.'
github-token: '${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}'
github-token: '${{ secrets.GEMINI_CLI_ROBOT_GITHUB_PAT }}'
dry-run: '${{ github.event.inputs.dry_run }}'
- name: 'Create Issue on Failure'
+2 -2
View File
@@ -40,5 +40,5 @@ jobs:
If this is still relevant, you are welcome to reopen or leave a comment. Thanks for contributing!
days-before-stale: 60
days-before-close: 14
exempt-issue-labels: 'pinned,security,🔒 maintainer only,help wanted,🗓️ Public Roadmap'
exempt-pr-labels: 'pinned,security,🔒 maintainer only,help wanted,🗓️ Public Roadmap'
exempt-issue-labels: 'pinned,security'
exempt-pr-labels: 'pinned,security'
+1 -5
View File
@@ -29,11 +29,7 @@ on:
jobs:
verify-release:
environment: "${{ github.event.inputs.environment || 'prod' }}"
strategy:
fail-fast: false
matrix:
os: ['ubuntu-latest', 'macos-latest', 'windows-latest']
runs-on: '${{ matrix.os }}'
runs-on: 'ubuntu-latest'
permissions:
contents: 'read'
packages: 'write'
-1
View File
@@ -55,7 +55,6 @@ gha-creds-*.json
# Log files
patch_output.log
gemini-debug.log
.genkit
.gemini-clipboard/
-1
View File
@@ -21,4 +21,3 @@ junit.xml
Thumbs.db
.pytest_cache
**/SKILL.md
packages/sdk/test-data/*.json
+7 -8
View File
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ The process for contributing code is as follows:
`🔒Maintainers only`, this means it is reserved for project maintainers. We
will not accept pull requests related to these issues. In the near future,
we will explicitly mark issues looking for contributions using the
`help-wanted` label. If you believe an issue is a good candidate for
`help wanted` label. If you believe an issue is a good candidate for
community contribution, please leave a comment on the issue. A maintainer
will review it and apply the `help-wanted` label if appropriate. Only
maintainers should attempt to add the `help-wanted` label to an issue.
@@ -408,13 +408,12 @@ On macOS, `gemini` uses Seatbelt (`sandbox-exec`) under a `permissive-open`
profile (see `packages/cli/src/utils/sandbox-macos-permissive-open.sb`) that
restricts writes to the project folder but otherwise allows all other operations
and outbound network traffic ("open") by default. You can switch to a
`strict-open` profile (see
`packages/cli/src/utils/sandbox-macos-strict-open.sb`) that restricts both reads
and writes to the working directory while allowing outbound network traffic by
setting `SEATBELT_PROFILE=strict-open` in your environment or `.env` file.
Available built-in profiles are `permissive-{open,proxied}`,
`restrictive-{open,proxied}`, and `strict-{open,proxied}` (see below for proxied
networking). You can also switch to a custom profile
`restrictive-closed` profile (see
`packages/cli/src/utils/sandbox-macos-restrictive-closed.sb`) that declines all
operations and outbound network traffic ("closed") by default by setting
`SEATBELT_PROFILE=restrictive-closed` in your environment or `.env` file.
Available built-in profiles are `{permissive,restrictive}-{open,closed,proxied}`
(see below for proxied networking). You can also switch to a custom profile
`SEATBELT_PROFILE=<profile>` if you also create a file
`.gemini/sandbox-macos-<profile>.sb` under your project settings directory
`.gemini`.
+407 -75
View File
@@ -1,88 +1,420 @@
# Gemini CLI Project Context
## Building and running
Gemini CLI is an open-source AI agent that brings the power of Gemini directly
into the terminal. It is designed to be a terminal-first, extensible, and
powerful tool for developers.
Before submitting any changes, it is crucial to validate them by running the
full preflight check. This command will build the repository, run all tests,
check for type errors, and lint the code.
## Project Overview
To run the full suite of checks, execute the following command:
- **Purpose:** Provide a seamless terminal interface for Gemini models,
supporting code understanding, generation, automation, and integration via MCP
(Model Context Protocol).
- **Main Technologies:**
- **Runtime:** Node.js (>=20.0.0, recommended ~20.19.0 for development)
- **Language:** TypeScript
- **UI Framework:** React (using [Ink](https://github.com/vadimdemedes/ink)
for CLI rendering)
- **Testing:** Vitest
- **Bundling:** esbuild
- **Linting/Formatting:** ESLint, Prettier
- **Architecture:** Monorepo structure using npm workspaces.
- `packages/cli`: User-facing terminal UI, input processing, and display
rendering.
- `packages/core`: Backend logic, Gemini API orchestration, prompt
construction, and tool execution.
- `packages/core/src/tools/`: Built-in tools for file system, shell, and web
operations.
- `packages/a2a-server`: Experimental Agent-to-Agent server.
- `packages/vscode-ide-companion`: VS Code extension pairing with the CLI.
```bash
npm run preflight
```
## Building and Running
This single command ensures that your changes meet all the quality gates of the
project. While you can run the individual steps (`build`, `test`, `typecheck`,
`lint`) separately, it is highly recommended to use `npm run preflight` to
ensure a comprehensive validation.
- **Install Dependencies:** `npm install`
- **Build All:** `npm run build:all` (Builds packages, sandbox, and VS Code
companion)
- **Build Packages:** `npm run build`
- **Run in Development:** `npm run start`
- **Run in Debug Mode:** `npm run debug` (Enables Node.js inspector)
- **Bundle Project:** `npm run bundle`
- **Clean Artifacts:** `npm run clean`
## Running Tests in Workspaces\*\*: To run a specific test file within a
## Testing and Quality
workspace, use the command:
`npm test -w <workspace-name> -- <path/to/test-file.test.ts>`. **CRITICAL**: The
`<path/to/test-file.test.ts>` MUST be relative to the workspace directory root,
NOT the project root.
- **Test Commands:**
- **Unit (All):** `npm run test`
- **Integration (E2E):** `npm run test:e2e`
- **Workspace-Specific:** `npm test -w <pkg> -- <path>` (Note: `<path>` must
be relative to the workspace root, e.g.,
`-w @google/gemini-cli-core -- src/routing/modelRouterService.test.ts`)
- **Full Validation:** `npm run preflight` (Heaviest check; runs clean, install,
build, lint, type check, and tests. Recommended before submitting PRs.)
- **Individual Checks:** `npm run lint` / `npm run format` / `npm run typecheck`
- _Example (Core package)_:
`npm test -w @google/gemini-cli-core -- src/routing/modelRouterService.test.ts`
- _Common workspaces_: `@google/gemini-cli`, `@google/gemini-cli-core`.
## Development Conventions
## Writing Tests
- **Legacy Snippets:** `packages/core/src/prompts/snippets.legacy.ts` is a
snapshot of an older system prompt. Avoid changing the prompting verbiage to
preserve its historical behavior; however, structural changes to ensure
compilation or simplify the code are permitted.
- **Contributions:** Follow the process outlined in `CONTRIBUTING.md`. Requires
signing the Google CLA.
- **Pull Requests:** Keep PRs small, focused, and linked to an existing issue.
Always activate the `pr-creator` skill for PR generation, even when using the
`gh` CLI.
- **Commit Messages:** Follow the
[Conventional Commits](https://www.conventionalcommits.org/) standard.
- **Coding Style:** Adhere to existing patterns in `packages/cli` (React/Ink)
and `packages/core` (Backend logic).
- **Imports:** Use specific imports and avoid restricted relative imports
between packages (enforced by ESLint).
- **License Headers:** For all new source code files (`.ts`, `.tsx`, `.js`),
include the Apache-2.0 license header with the current year. (e.g.,
`Copyright 2026 Google LLC`). This is enforced by ESLint.
This project uses **Vitest** as its primary testing framework. When writing
tests, aim to follow existing patterns. Key conventions include:
## Testing Conventions
### Test Structure and Framework
- **Environment Variables:** When testing code that depends on environment
variables, use `vi.stubEnv('NAME', 'value')` in `beforeEach` and
`vi.unstubAllEnvs()` in `afterEach`. Avoid modifying `process.env` directly as
it can lead to test leakage and is less reliable. To "unset" a variable, use
an empty string `vi.stubEnv('NAME', '')`.
- **Framework**: All tests are written using Vitest (`describe`, `it`, `expect`,
`vi`).
- **File Location**: Test files (`*.test.ts` for logic, `*.test.tsx` for React
components) are co-located with the source files they test.
- **Configuration**: Test environments are defined in `vitest.config.ts` files.
- **Setup/Teardown**: Use `beforeEach` and `afterEach`. Commonly,
`vi.resetAllMocks()` is called in `beforeEach` and `vi.restoreAllMocks()` in
`afterEach`.
## Documentation
### Mocking (`vi` from Vitest)
- Always use the `docs-writer` skill when you are asked to write, edit, or
review any documentation.
- Documentation is located in the `docs/` directory.
- Suggest documentation updates when code changes render existing documentation
obsolete or incomplete.
- **ES Modules**: Mock with
`vi.mock('module-name', async (importOriginal) => { ... })`. Use
`importOriginal` for selective mocking.
- _Example_:
`vi.mock('os', async (importOriginal) => { const actual = await importOriginal(); return { ...actual, homedir: vi.fn() }; });`
- **Mocking Order**: For critical dependencies (e.g., `os`, `fs`) that affect
module-level constants, place `vi.mock` at the _very top_ of the test file,
before other imports.
- **Hoisting**: Use `const myMock = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn());` if a mock
function needs to be defined before its use in a `vi.mock` factory.
- **Mock Functions**: Create with `vi.fn()`. Define behavior with
`mockImplementation()`, `mockResolvedValue()`, or `mockRejectedValue()`.
- **Spying**: Use `vi.spyOn(object, 'methodName')`. Restore spies with
`mockRestore()` in `afterEach`.
### Commonly Mocked Modules
- **Node.js built-ins**: `fs`, `fs/promises`, `os` (especially `os.homedir()`),
`path`, `child_process` (`execSync`, `spawn`).
- **External SDKs**: `@google/genai`, `@modelcontextprotocol/sdk`.
- **Internal Project Modules**: Dependencies from other project packages are
often mocked.
### React Component Testing (CLI UI - Ink)
- Use `render()` from `ink-testing-library`.
- Assert output with `lastFrame()`.
- Wrap components in necessary `Context.Provider`s.
- Mock custom React hooks and complex child components using `vi.mock()`.
### Asynchronous Testing
- Use `async/await`.
- For timers, use `vi.useFakeTimers()`, `vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync()`,
`vi.runAllTimersAsync()`.
- Test promise rejections with `await expect(promise).rejects.toThrow(...)`.
### General Guidance
- When adding tests, first examine existing tests to understand and conform to
established conventions.
- Pay close attention to the mocks at the top of existing test files; they
reveal critical dependencies and how they are managed in a test environment.
## Git Repo
The main branch for this project is called "main"
## JavaScript/TypeScript
When contributing to this React, Node, and TypeScript codebase, please
prioritize the use of plain JavaScript objects with accompanying TypeScript
interface or type declarations over JavaScript class syntax. This approach
offers significant advantages, especially concerning interoperability with React
and overall code maintainability.
### Preferring Plain Objects over Classes
JavaScript classes, by their nature, are designed to encapsulate internal state
and behavior. While this can be useful in some object-oriented paradigms, it
often introduces unnecessary complexity and friction when working with React's
component-based architecture. Here's why plain objects are preferred:
- Seamless React Integration: React components thrive on explicit props and
state management. Classes' tendency to store internal state directly within
instances can make prop and state propagation harder to reason about and
maintain. Plain objects, on the other hand, are inherently immutable (when
used thoughtfully) and can be easily passed as props, simplifying data flow
and reducing unexpected side effects.
- Reduced Boilerplate and Increased Conciseness: Classes often promote the use
of constructors, this binding, getters, setters, and other boilerplate that
can unnecessarily bloat code. TypeScript interface and type declarations
provide powerful static type checking without the runtime overhead or
verbosity of class definitions. This allows for more succinct and readable
code, aligning with JavaScript's strengths in functional programming.
- Enhanced Readability and Predictability: Plain objects, especially when their
structure is clearly defined by TypeScript interfaces, are often easier to
read and understand. Their properties are directly accessible, and there's no
hidden internal state or complex inheritance chains to navigate. This
predictability leads to fewer bugs and a more maintainable codebase.
- Simplified Immutability: While not strictly enforced, plain objects encourage
an immutable approach to data. When you need to modify an object, you
typically create a new one with the desired changes, rather than mutating the
original. This pattern aligns perfectly with React's reconciliation process
and helps prevent subtle bugs related to shared mutable state.
- Better Serialization and Deserialization: Plain JavaScript objects are
naturally easy to serialize to JSON and deserialize back, which is a common
requirement in web development (e.g., for API communication or local storage).
Classes, with their methods and prototypes, can complicate this process.
### Embracing ES Module Syntax for Encapsulation
Rather than relying on Java-esque private or public class members, which can be
verbose and sometimes limit flexibility, we strongly prefer leveraging ES module
syntax (`import`/`export`) for encapsulating private and public APIs.
- Clearer Public API Definition: With ES modules, anything that is exported is
part of the public API of that module, while anything not exported is
inherently private to that module. This provides a very clear and explicit way
to define what parts of your code are meant to be consumed by other modules.
- Enhanced Testability (Without Exposing Internals): By default, unexported
functions or variables are not accessible from outside the module. This
encourages you to test the public API of your modules, rather than their
internal implementation details. If you find yourself needing to spy on or
stub an unexported function for testing purposes, it's often a "code smell"
indicating that the function might be a good candidate for extraction into its
own separate, testable module with a well-defined public API. This promotes a
more robust and maintainable testing strategy.
- Reduced Coupling: Explicitly defined module boundaries through import/export
help reduce coupling between different parts of your codebase. This makes it
easier to refactor, debug, and understand individual components in isolation.
### Avoiding `any` Types and Type Assertions; Preferring `unknown`
TypeScript's power lies in its ability to provide static type checking, catching
potential errors before your code runs. To fully leverage this, it's crucial to
avoid the `any` type and be judicious with type assertions.
- **The Dangers of `any`**: Using any effectively opts out of TypeScript's type
checking for that particular variable or expression. While it might seem
convenient in the short term, it introduces significant risks:
- **Loss of Type Safety**: You lose all the benefits of type checking, making
it easy to introduce runtime errors that TypeScript would otherwise have
caught.
- **Reduced Readability and Maintainability**: Code with `any` types is harder
to understand and maintain, as the expected type of data is no longer
explicitly defined.
- **Masking Underlying Issues**: Often, the need for any indicates a deeper
problem in the design of your code or the way you're interacting with
external libraries. It's a sign that you might need to refine your types or
refactor your code.
- **Preferring `unknown` over `any`**: When you absolutely cannot determine the
type of a value at compile time, and you're tempted to reach for any, consider
using unknown instead. unknown is a type-safe counterpart to any. While a
variable of type unknown can hold any value, you must perform type narrowing
(e.g., using typeof or instanceof checks, or a type assertion) before you can
perform any operations on it. This forces you to handle the unknown type
explicitly, preventing accidental runtime errors.
```ts
function processValue(value: unknown) {
if (typeof value === 'string') {
// value is now safely a string
console.log(value.toUpperCase());
} else if (typeof value === 'number') {
// value is now safely a number
console.log(value * 2);
}
// Without narrowing, you cannot access properties or methods on 'value'
// console.log(value.someProperty); // Error: Object is of type 'unknown'.
}
```
- **Type Assertions (`as Type`) - Use with Caution**: Type assertions tell the
TypeScript compiler, "Trust me, I know what I'm doing; this is definitely of
this type." While there are legitimate use cases (e.g., when dealing with
external libraries that don't have perfect type definitions, or when you have
more information than the compiler), they should be used sparingly and with
extreme caution.
- **Bypassing Type Checking**: Like `any`, type assertions bypass TypeScript's
safety checks. If your assertion is incorrect, you introduce a runtime error
that TypeScript would not have warned you about.
- **Code Smell in Testing**: A common scenario where `any` or type assertions
might be tempting is when trying to test "private" implementation details
(e.g., spying on or stubbing an unexported function within a module). This
is a strong indication of a "code smell" in your testing strategy and
potentially your code structure. Instead of trying to force access to
private internals, consider whether those internal details should be
refactored into a separate module with a well-defined public API. This makes
them inherently testable without compromising encapsulation.
### Type narrowing `switch` clauses
Use the `checkExhaustive` helper in the default clause of a switch statement.
This will ensure that all of the possible options within the value or
enumeration are used.
This helper method can be found in `packages/cli/src/utils/checks.ts`
### Embracing JavaScript's Array Operators
To further enhance code cleanliness and promote safe functional programming
practices, leverage JavaScript's rich set of array operators as much as
possible. Methods like `.map()`, `.filter()`, `.reduce()`, `.slice()`,
`.sort()`, and others are incredibly powerful for transforming and manipulating
data collections in an immutable and declarative way.
Using these operators:
- Promotes Immutability: Most array operators return new arrays, leaving the
original array untouched. This functional approach helps prevent unintended
side effects and makes your code more predictable.
- Improves Readability: Chaining array operators often lead to more concise and
expressive code than traditional for loops or imperative logic. The intent of
the operation is clear at a glance.
- Facilitates Functional Programming: These operators are cornerstones of
functional programming, encouraging the creation of pure functions that take
inputs and produce outputs without causing side effects. This paradigm is
highly beneficial for writing robust and testable code that pairs well with
React.
By consistently applying these principles, we can maintain a codebase that is
not only efficient and performant but also a joy to work with, both now and in
the future.
## React (mirrored and adjusted from [react-mcp-server](https://github.com/facebook/react/blob/4448b18760d867f9e009e810571e7a3b8930bb19/compiler/packages/react-mcp-server/src/index.ts#L376C1-L441C94))
### Role
You are a React assistant that helps users write more efficient and optimizable
React code. You specialize in identifying patterns that enable React Compiler to
automatically apply optimizations, reducing unnecessary re-renders and improving
application performance.
### Follow these guidelines in all code you produce and suggest
Use functional components with Hooks: Do not generate class components or use
old lifecycle methods. Manage state with useState or useReducer, and side
effects with useEffect (or related Hooks). Always prefer functions and Hooks for
any new component logic.
Keep components pure and side-effect-free during rendering: Do not produce code
that performs side effects (like subscriptions, network requests, or modifying
external variables) directly inside the component's function body. Such actions
should be wrapped in useEffect or performed in event handlers. Ensure your
render logic is a pure function of props and state.
Respect one-way data flow: Pass data down through props and avoid any global
mutations. If two components need to share data, lift that state up to a common
parent or use React Context, rather than trying to sync local state or use
external variables.
Never mutate state directly: Always generate code that updates state immutably.
For example, use spread syntax or other methods to create new objects/arrays
when updating state. Do not use assignments like state.someValue = ... or array
mutations like array.push() on state variables. Use the state setter (setState
from useState, etc.) to update state.
Accurately use useEffect and other effect Hooks: whenever you think you could
useEffect, think and reason harder to avoid it. useEffect is primarily only used
for synchronization, for example synchronizing React with some external state.
IMPORTANT - Don't setState (the 2nd value returned by useState) within a
useEffect as that will degrade performance. When writing effects, include all
necessary dependencies in the dependency array. Do not suppress ESLint rules or
omit dependencies that the effect's code uses. Structure the effect callbacks to
handle changing values properly (e.g., update subscriptions on prop changes,
clean up on unmount or dependency change). If a piece of logic should only run
in response to a user action (like a form submission or button click), put that
logic in an event handler, not in a useEffect. Where possible, useEffects should
return a cleanup function.
Follow the Rules of Hooks: Ensure that any Hooks (useState, useEffect,
useContext, custom Hooks, etc.) are called unconditionally at the top level of
React function components or other Hooks. Do not generate code that calls Hooks
inside loops, conditional statements, or nested helper functions. Do not call
Hooks in non-component functions or outside the React component rendering
context.
Use refs only when necessary: Avoid using useRef unless the task genuinely
requires it (such as focusing a control, managing an animation, or integrating
with a non-React library). Do not use refs to store application state that
should be reactive. If you do use refs, never write to or read from ref.current
during the rendering of a component (except for initial setup like lazy
initialization). Any ref usage should not affect the rendered output directly.
Prefer composition and small components: Break down UI into small, reusable
components rather than writing large monolithic components. The code you
generate should promote clarity and reusability by composing components
together. Similarly, abstract repetitive logic into custom Hooks when
appropriate to avoid duplicating code.
Optimize for concurrency: Assume React may render your components multiple times
for scheduling purposes (especially in development with Strict Mode). Write code
that remains correct even if the component function runs more than once. For
instance, avoid side effects in the component body and use functional state
updates (e.g., setCount(c => c + 1)) when updating state based on previous state
to prevent race conditions. Always include cleanup functions in effects that
subscribe to external resources. Don't write useEffects for "do this when this
changes" side effects. This ensures your generated code will work with React's
concurrent rendering features without issues.
Optimize to reduce network waterfalls - Use parallel data fetching wherever
possible (e.g., start multiple requests at once rather than one after another).
Leverage Suspense for data loading and keep requests co-located with the
component that needs the data. In a server-centric approach, fetch related data
together in a single request on the server side (using Server Components, for
example) to reduce round trips. Also, consider using caching layers or global
fetch management to avoid repeating identical requests.
Rely on React Compiler - useMemo, useCallback, and React.memo can be omitted if
React Compiler is enabled. Avoid premature optimization with manual memoization.
Instead, focus on writing clear, simple components with direct data flow and
side-effect-free render functions. Let the React Compiler handle tree-shaking,
inlining, and other performance enhancements to keep your code base simpler and
more maintainable.
Design for a good user experience - Provide clear, minimal, and non-blocking UI
states. When data is loading, show lightweight placeholders (e.g., skeleton
screens) rather than intrusive spinners everywhere. Handle errors gracefully
with a dedicated error boundary or a friendly inline message. Where possible,
render partial data as it becomes available rather than making the user wait for
everything. Suspense allows you to declare the loading states in your component
tree in a natural way, preventing “flash” states and improving perceived
performance.
### Process
1. Analyze the user's code for optimization opportunities:
- Check for React anti-patterns that prevent compiler optimization
- Look for component structure issues that limit compiler effectiveness
- Think about each suggestion you are making and consult React docs for best
practices
2. Provide actionable guidance:
- Explain specific code changes with clear reasoning
- Show before/after examples when suggesting changes
- Only suggest changes that meaningfully improve optimization potential
### Optimization Guidelines
- State updates should be structured to enable granular updates
- Side effects should be isolated and dependencies clearly defined
## Documentation guidelines
When working in the `/docs` directory, follow the guidelines in this section:
- **Role:** You are an expert technical writer and AI assistant for contributors
to Gemini CLI. Produce professional, accurate, and consistent documentation to
guide users of Gemini CLI.
- **Technical Accuracy:** Do not invent facts, commands, code, API names, or
output. All technical information specific to Gemini CLI must be based on code
found within this directory and its subdirectories.
- **Style Authority:** Your source for writing guidance and style is the
"Documentation contribution process" section in the root directory's
`CONTRIBUTING.md` file, as well as any guidelines provided this section.
- **Information Architecture Consideration:** Before proposing documentation
changes, consider the information architecture. If a change adds significant
new content to existing documents, evaluate if creating a new, more focused
page or changes to `sidebar.json` would provide a better user experience.
- **Proactive User Consideration:** The user experience should be a primary
concern when making changes to documentation. Aim to fill gaps in existing
knowledge whenever possible while keeping documentation concise and easy for
users to understand. If changes might hinder user understanding or
accessibility, proactively raise these concerns and propose alternatives.
## Comments policy
Only write high-value comments if at all. Avoid talking to the user through
comments.
## Logging and Error Handling
- **Avoid Console Statements:** Do not use `console.log`, `console.error`, or
similar methods directly.
- **Non-User-Facing Logs:** For developer-facing debug messages, use
`debugLogger` (from `@google/gemini-cli-core`).
- **User-Facing Feedback:** To surface errors or warnings to the user, use
`coreEvents.emitFeedback` (from `@google/gemini-cli-core`).
## General requirements
- If there is something you do not understand or is ambiguous, seek confirmation
or clarification from the user before making changes based on assumptions.
- Use hyphens instead of underscores in flag names (e.g. `my-flag` instead of
`my_flag`).
- Always refer to Gemini CLI as `Gemini CLI`, never `the Gemini CLI`.
+5 -21
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@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
[![Gemini CLI E2E (Chained)](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/actions/workflows/chained_e2e.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/actions/workflows/chained_e2e.yml)
[![Version](https://img.shields.io/npm/v/@google/gemini-cli)](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@google/gemini-cli)
[![License](https://img.shields.io/github/license/google-gemini/gemini-cli)](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/blob/main/LICENSE)
[![View Code Wiki](https://assets.codewiki.google/readme-badge/static.svg)](https://codewiki.google/github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=github&utm_campaign=github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli)
[![View Code Wiki](https://www.gstatic.com/_/boq-sdlc-agents-ui/_/r/YUi5dj2UWvE.svg)](https://codewiki.google/github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli)
![Gemini CLI Screenshot](./docs/assets/gemini-screenshot.png)
@@ -29,9 +29,10 @@ Learn all about Gemini CLI in our [documentation](https://geminicli.com/docs/).
## 📦 Installation
See
[Gemini CLI installation, execution, and releases](./docs/get-started/installation.md)
for recommended system specifications and a detailed installation guide.
### Pre-requisites before installation
- Node.js version 20 or higher
- macOS, Linux, or Windows
### Quick Install
@@ -54,23 +55,6 @@ npm install -g @google/gemini-cli
brew install gemini-cli
```
#### Install globally with MacPorts (macOS)
```bash
sudo port install gemini-cli
```
#### Install with Anaconda (for restricted environments)
```bash
# Create and activate a new environment
conda create -y -n gemini_env -c conda-forge nodejs
conda activate gemini_env
# Install Gemini CLI globally via npm (inside the environment)
npm install -g @google/gemini-cli
```
## Release Cadence and Tags
See [Releases](./docs/releases.md) for more details.
-115
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@@ -1,115 +0,0 @@
# Enterprise Admin Controls
Gemini CLI empowers enterprise administrators to manage and enforce security
policies and configuration settings across their entire organization. Secure
defaults are enabled automatically for all enterprise users, but can be
customized via the [Management Console](https://goo.gle/manage-gemini-cli).
**Enterprise Admin Controls are enforced globally and cannot be overridden by
users locally**, ensuring a consistent security posture.
## Admin Controls vs. System Settings
While [System-wide settings](../cli/settings.md) act as convenient configuration
overrides, they can still be modified by users with sufficient privileges. In
contrast, admin controls are immutable at the local level, making them the
preferred method for enforcing policy.
## Available Controls
### Strict Mode
**Enabled/Disabled** | Default: enabled
If enabled, users will not be able to enter yolo mode.
### Extensions
**Enabled/Disabled** | Default: disabled
If disabled, users will not be able to use or install extensions. See
[Extensions](../extensions/index.md) for more details.
### MCP
#### Enabled/Disabled
**Enabled/Disabled** | Default: disabled
If disabled, users will not be able to use MCP servers. See
[MCP Server Integration](../tools/mcp-server.md) for more details.
#### MCP Servers (preview)
**Default**: empty
Allows administrators to define an explicit allowlist of MCP servers. This
guarantees that users can only connect to trusted MCP servers defined by the
organization.
**Allowlist Format:**
```json
{
"mcpServers": {
"external-provider": {
"url": "https://api.mcp-provider.com",
"type": "sse",
"trust": true,
"includeTools": ["toolA", "toolB"],
"excludeTools": []
},
"internal-corp-tool": {
"url": "https://mcp.internal-tool.corp",
"type": "http",
"includeTools": [],
"excludeTools": ["adminTool"]
}
}
}
```
**Supported Fields:**
- `url`: (Required) The full URL of the MCP server endpoint.
- `type`: (Required) The connection type (e.g., `sse` or `http`).
- `trust`: (Optional) If set to `true`, the server is trusted and tool execution
will not require user approval.
- `includeTools`: (Optional) An explicit list of tool names to allow. If
specified, only these tools will be available.
- `excludeTools`: (Optional) A list of tool names to hide. These tools will be
blocked.
**Client Enforcement Logic:**
- **Empty Allowlist**: If the admin allowlist is empty, the client uses the
users local configuration as is (unless the MCP toggle above is disabled).
- **Active Allowlist**: If the allowlist contains one or more servers, **all
locally configured servers not present in the allowlist are ignored**.
- **Configuration Merging**: For a server to be active, it must exist in
**both** the admin allowlist and the users local configuration (matched by
name). The client merges these definitions as follows:
- **Override Fields**: The `url`, `type`, & `trust` are always taken from the
admin allowlist, overriding any local values.
- **Tools Filtering**: If `includeTools` or `excludeTools` are defined in the
allowlist, the admins rules are used exclusively. If both are undefined in
the admin allowlist, the client falls back to the users local tool
settings.
- **Cleared Fields**: To ensure security and consistency, the client
automatically clears local execution fields (`command`, `args`, `env`,
`cwd`, `httpUrl`, `tcp`). This prevents users from overriding the connection
method.
- **Other Fields**: All other MCP fields are pulled from the users local
configuration.
- **Missing Allowlisted Servers**: If a server appears in the admin allowlist
but is missing from the local configuration, it will not be initialized. This
ensures users maintain final control over which permitted servers are actually
active in their environment.
### Unmanaged Capabilities
**Enabled/Disabled** | Default: disabled
If disabled, users will not be able to use certain features. Currently, this
control disables Agent Skills. See [Agent Skills](../cli/skills.md) for more
details.
-140
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@@ -18,146 +18,6 @@ on GitHub.
| [Preview](preview.md) | Experimental features ready for early feedback. |
| [Stable](latest.md) | Stable, recommended for general use. |
## Announcements: v0.28.0 - 2026-02-03
- **Slash Command:** We've added a new `/prompt-suggest` slash command to help
you generate prompt suggestions
([#17264](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17264) by
@NTaylorMullen).
- **IDE Support:** Gemini CLI now supports the Positron IDE
([#15047](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15047) by
@kapsner).
- **Customization:** You can now use custom themes in extensions, and we've
implemented automatic theme switching based on your terminal's background
([#17327](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17327) by
@spencer426, [#17976](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17976)
by @Abhijit-2592).
- **Authentication:** We've added interactive and non-interactive consent for
OAuth, and you can now include your auth method in bug reports
([#17699](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17699) by
@ehedlund, [#17569](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17569) by
@erikus).
## Announcements: v0.27.0 - 2026-02-03
- **Event-Driven Architecture:** The CLI now uses a new event-driven scheduler
for tool execution, resulting in a more responsive and performant experience
([#17078](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17078) by
@abhipatel12).
- **Enhanced User Experience:** This release includes queued tool confirmations,
and expandable large text pastes for a smoother workflow.
- **New `/rewind` Command:** Easily navigate your session history with the new
`/rewind` command
([#15720](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15720) by
@Adib234).
- **Linux Clipboard Support:** You can now paste images on Linux with Wayland
and X11 ([#17144](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17144) by
@devr0306).
## Announcements: v0.26.0 - 2026-01-27
- **Agents and Skills:** We've introduced a new `skill-creator` skill
([#16394](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/16394) by
@NTaylorMullen), enabled agent skills by default, and added a generalist agent
to improve task routing
([#16638](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/16638) by
@joshualitt).
- **UI/UX Improvements:** You can now "Rewind" through your conversation history
([#15717](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15717) by @Adib234)
and use a new `/introspect` command for debugging.
- **Core and Scheduler Refactoring:** The core scheduler has been significantly
refactored to improve performance and reliability
([#16895](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/16895) by
@abhipatel12), and numerous performance and stability fixes have been
included.
## Announcements: v0.25.0 - 2026-01-20
- **Skills and Agents Improvements:** We've enhanced the `activate_skill` tool,
added a new `pr-creator` skill
([#16232](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/16232) by
[@NTaylorMullen](https://github.com/NTaylorMullen)), enabled skills by
default, improved the `cli_help` agent
([#16100](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/16100) by
[@scidomino](https://github.com/scidomino)), and added a new `/agents refresh`
command ([#16204](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/16204) by
[@joshualitt](https://github.com/joshualitt)).
- **UI/UX Refinements:** You'll notice more transparent feedback for skills
([#15954](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15954) by
[@NTaylorMullen](https://github.com/NTaylorMullen)), the ability to switch
focus between the shell and input with Tab
([#14332](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/14332) by
[@jacob314](https://github.com/jacob314)), and dynamic terminal tab titles
([#16378](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/16378) by
[@NTaylorMullen](https://github.com/NTaylorMullen)).
- **Core Functionality & Performance:** This release includes support for
built-in agent skills
([#16045](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/16045) by
[@NTaylorMullen](https://github.com/NTaylorMullen)), refined Gemini 3 system
instructions ([#16139](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/16139)
by [@NTaylorMullen](https://github.com/NTaylorMullen)), caching for ignore
instances to improve performance
([#16185](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/16185) by
[@EricRahm](https://github.com/EricRahm)), and enhanced retry mechanisms
([#16489](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/16489) by
[@sehoon38](https://github.com/sehoon38)).
- **Bug Fixes and Stability:** We've squashed numerous bugs across the CLI,
core, and workflows, addressing issues with subagent delegation, unicode
character crashes, and sticky header regressions.
## Announcements: v0.24.0 - 2026-01-14
- **Agent Skills:** We've introduced significant advancements in Agent Skills.
This includes initial documentation and tutorials to help you get started,
alongside enhanced support for remote agents, allowing for more distributed
and powerful automation within Gemini CLI.
([#15869](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15869) by
[@NTaylorMullen](https://github.com/NTaylorMullen)),
([#16013](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/16013) by
[@adamweidman](https://github.com/adamweidman))
- **Improved UI/UX:** The user interface has received several updates, featuring
visual indicators for hook execution, a more refined display for settings, and
the ability to use the Tab key to effortlessly switch focus between the shell
and input areas.
([#15408](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15408) by
[@abhipatel12](https://github.com/abhipatel12)),
([#14332](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/14332) by
[@galz10](https://github.com/galz10))
- **Enhanced Security:** Security has been a major focus, with default folder
trust now set to untrusted for increased safety. The Policy Engine has been
improved to allow specific modes in user and administrator policies, and
granular allowlisting for shell commands has been implemented, providing finer
control over tool execution.
([#15943](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15943) by
[@galz10](https://github.com/galz10)),
([#15977](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15977) by
[@NTaylorMullen](https://github.com/NTaylorMullen))
- **Core Functionality:** This release includes a mandatory MessageBus
injection, marking Phase 3 of a hard migration to a more robust internal
communication system. We've also added support for built-in skills with the
CLI itself, and enhanced model routing to effectively utilize subagents.
([#15776](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15776) by
[@abhipatel12](https://github.com/abhipatel12)),
([#16300](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/16300) by
[@NTaylorMullen](https://github.com/NTaylorMullen))
- **Terminal Features:** Terminal interactions are more seamless with new
features like OSC 52 paste support, along with fixes for Windows clipboard
paste issues and general improvements to pasting in Windows terminals.
([#15336](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15336) by
[@scidomino](https://github.com/scidomino)),
([#15932](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15932) by
[@scidomino](https://github.com/scidomino))
- **New Commands:** To manage the new features, we've added several new
commands: `/agents refresh` to update agent configurations, `/skills reload`
to refresh skill definitions, and `/skills install/uninstall` for easier
management of your Agent Skills.
([#16204](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/16204) by
[@NTaylorMullen](https://github.com/NTaylorMullen)),
([#15865](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15865) by
[@NTaylorMullen](https://github.com/NTaylorMullen)),
([#16377](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/16377) by
[@NTaylorMullen](https://github.com/NTaylorMullen))
## Announcements: v0.23.0 - 2026-01-07
- 🎉 **Experimental Agent Skills Support in Preview:** Gemini CLI now supports
+151 -301
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
# Latest stable release: v0.28.0
# Latest stable release: v0.23.0
Released: February 10, 2026
Released: January 6, 2026
For most users, our latest stable release is the recommended release. Install
the latest stable version with:
@@ -11,305 +11,155 @@ npm install -g @google/gemini-cli
## Highlights
- **Commands & UX Enhancements:** Introduced `/prompt-suggest` command,
alongside updated undo/redo keybindings and automatic theme switching.
- **Expanded IDE Support:** Now offering compatibility with Positron IDE,
expanding integration options for developers.
- **Enhanced Security & Authentication:** Implemented interactive and
non-interactive OAuth consent, improving both security and diagnostic
capabilities for bug reports.
- **Advanced Planning & Agent Tools:** Integrated a generic Checklist component
for structured task management and evolved subagent capabilities with dynamic
policy registration.
- **Improved Core Stability & Reliability:** Resolved critical environment
loading, authentication, and session management issues, ensuring a more robust
experience.
- **Background Shell Commands:** Enabled the execution of shell commands in the
background for increased workflow efficiency.
- **Gemini CLI wrapped:** Run `npx gemini-wrapped` to visualize your usage
stats, top models, languages, and more!
- **Windows clipboard image support:** Windows users can now paste images
directly from their clipboard into the CLI using `Alt`+`V`.
([pr](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/13997) by
[@sgeraldes](https://github.com/sgeraldes))
- **Terminal background color detection:** Automatically optimizes your
terminal's background color to select compatible themes and provide
accessibility warnings.
([pr](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15132) by
[@jacob314](https://github.com/jacob314))
- **Session logout:** Use the new `/logout` command to instantly clear
credentials and reset your authentication state for seamless account
switching. ([pr](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/13383) by
[@CN-Scars](https://github.com/CN-Scars))
## What's Changed
## What's changed
- feat(commands): add /prompt-suggest slash command by @NTaylorMullen in
[#17264](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17264)
- feat(cli): align hooks enable/disable with skills and improve completion by
@sehoon38 in [#16822](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/16822)
- docs: add CLI reference documentation by @leochiu-a in
[#17504](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17504)
- chore(release): bump version to 0.28.0-nightly.20260128.adc8e11bb by
@gemini-cli-robot in
[#17725](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17725)
- feat(skills): final stable promotion cleanup by @abhipatel12 in
[#17726](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17726)
- test(core): mock fetch in OAuth transport fallback tests by @jw409 in
[#17059](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17059)
- feat(cli): include auth method in /bug by @erikus in
[#17569](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17569)
- Add a email privacy note to bug_report template by @nemyung in
[#17474](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17474)
- Rewind documentation by @Adib234 in
[#17446](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17446)
- fix: verify audio/video MIME types with content check by @maru0804 in
[#16907](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/16907)
- feat(core): add support for positron ide
([#15045](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15045)) by @kapsner
in [#15047](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15047)
- /oncall dedup - wrap texts to nextlines by @sehoon38 in
[#17782](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17782)
- fix(admin): rename advanced features admin setting by @skeshive in
[#17786](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17786)
- [extension config] Make breaking optional value non-optional by @chrstnb in
[#17785](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17785)
- Fix docs-writer skill issues by @g-samroberts in
[#17734](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17734)
- fix(core): suppress duplicate hook failure warnings during streaming by
@abhipatel12 in
[#17727](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17727)
- test: add more tests for AskUser by @jackwotherspoon in
[#17720](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17720)
- feat(cli): enable activity logging for non-interactive mode and evals by
@SandyTao520 in
[#17703](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17703)
- feat(core): add support for custom deny messages in policy rules by
@allenhutchison in
[#17427](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17427)
- Fix unintended credential exposure to MCP Servers by @Adib234 in
[#17311](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17311)
- feat(extensions): add support for custom themes in extensions by @spencer426
in [#17327](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17327)
- fix: persist and restore workspace directories on session resume by
@korade-krushna in
[#17454](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17454)
- Update release notes pages for 0.26.0 and 0.27.0-preview. by @g-samroberts in
[#17744](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17744)
- feat(ux): update cell border color and created test file for table rendering
by @devr0306 in
[#17798](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17798)
- Change height for the ToolConfirmationQueue. by @jacob314 in
[#17799](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17799)
- feat(cli): add user identity info to stats command by @sehoon38 in
[#17612](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17612)
- fix(ux): fixed off-by-some wrapping caused by fixed-width characters by
@devr0306 in [#17816](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17816)
- feat(cli): update undo/redo keybindings to Cmd+Z/Alt+Z and
Shift+Cmd+Z/Shift+Alt+Z by @scidomino in
[#17800](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17800)
- fix(evals): use absolute path for activity log directory by @SandyTao520 in
[#17830](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17830)
- test: add integration test to verify stdout/stderr routing by @ved015 in
[#17280](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17280)
- fix(cli): list installed extensions when update target missing by @tt-a1i in
[#17082](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17082)
- fix(cli): handle PAT tokens and credentials in git remote URL parsing by
@afarber in [#14650](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/14650)
- fix(core): use returnDisplay for error result display by @Nubebuster in
[#14994](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/14994)
- Fix detection of bun as package manager by @Randomblock1 in
[#17462](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17462)
- feat(cli): show hooksConfig.enabled in settings dialog by @abhipatel12 in
[#17810](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17810)
- feat(cli): Display user identity (auth, email, tier) on startup by @yunaseoul
in [#17591](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17591)
- fix: prevent ghost border for AskUserDialog by @jackwotherspoon in
[#17788](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17788)
- docs: mark A2A subagents as experimental in subagents.md by @adamfweidman in
[#17863](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17863)
- Resolve error thrown for sensitive values by @chrstnb in
[#17826](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17826)
- fix(admin): Rename secureModeEnabled to strictModeDisabled by @skeshive in
[#17789](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17789)
- feat(ux): update truncate dots to be shorter in tables by @devr0306 in
[#17825](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17825)
- fix(core): resolve DEP0040 punycode deprecation via patch-package by
@ATHARVA262005 in
[#17692](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17692)
- feat(plan): create generic Checklist component and refactor Todo by @Adib234
in [#17741](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17741)
- Cleanup post delegate_to_agent removal by @gundermanc in
[#17875](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17875)
- fix(core): use GIT_CONFIG_GLOBAL to isolate shadow git repo configuration -
Fixes [#17877](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17877) by
@cocosheng-g in
[#17803](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17803)
- Disable mouse tracking e2e by @alisa-alisa in
[#17880](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17880)
- fix(cli): use correct setting key for Cloud Shell auth by @sehoon38 in
[#17884](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17884)
- chore: revert IDE specific ASCII logo by @jackwotherspoon in
[#17887](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17887)
- Revert "fix(core): resolve DEP0040 punycode deprecation via patch-package" by
@sehoon38 in [#17898](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17898)
- Refactoring of disabling of mouse tracking in e2e tests by @alisa-alisa in
[#17902](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17902)
- feat(core): Add GOOGLE_GENAI_API_VERSION environment variable support by
@deyim in [#16177](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/16177)
- feat(core): Isolate and cleanup truncated tool outputs by @SandyTao520 in
[#17594](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17594)
- Create skills page, update commands, refine docs by @g-samroberts in
[#17842](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17842)
- feat: preserve EOL in files by @Thomas-Shephard in
[#16087](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/16087)
- Fix HalfLinePaddedBox in screenreader mode. by @jacob314 in
[#17914](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17914)
- bug(ux) vim mode fixes. Start in insert mode. Fix bug blocking F12 and ctrl-X
in vim mode. by @jacob314 in
[#17938](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17938)
- feat(core): implement interactive and non-interactive consent for OAuth by
@ehedlund in [#17699](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17699)
- perf(core): optimize token calculation and add support for multimodal tool
responses by @abhipatel12 in
[#17835](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17835)
- refactor(hooks): remove legacy tools.enableHooks setting by @abhipatel12 in
[#17867](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17867)
- feat(ci): add npx smoke test to verify installability by @bdmorgan in
[#17927](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17927)
- feat(core): implement dynamic policy registration for subagents by
@abhipatel12 in
[#17838](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17838)
- feat: Implement background shell commands by @galz10 in
[#14849](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/14849)
- feat(admin): provide actionable error messages for disabled features by
@skeshive in [#17815](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17815)
- Fix bugs where Rewind and Resume showed Ugly and 100X too verbose content. by
@jacob314 in [#17940](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17940)
- Fix broken link in docs by @chrstnb in
[#17959](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17959)
- feat(plan): reuse standard tool confirmation for AskUser tool by @jerop in
[#17864](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17864)
- feat(core): enable overriding CODE_ASSIST_API_VERSION with env var by
@lottielin in [#17942](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17942)
- run npx pointing to the specific commit SHA by @sehoon38 in
[#17970](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17970)
- Add allowedExtensions setting by @kevinjwang1 in
[#17695](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17695)
- feat(plan): refactor ToolConfirmationPayload to union type by @jerop in
[#17980](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17980)
- lower the default max retries to reduce contention by @sehoon38 in
[#17975](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17975)
- fix(core): ensure YOLO mode auto-approves complex shell commands when parsing
fails by @abhipatel12 in
[#17920](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17920)
- Fix broken link. by @g-samroberts in
[#17972](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17972)
- Support ctrl-C and Ctrl-D correctly Refactor so InputPrompt has priority over
AppContainer for input handling. by @jacob314 in
[#17993](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17993)
- Fix truncation for AskQuestion by @jacob314 in
[#18001](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18001)
- fix(workflow): update maintainer check logic to be inclusive and
case-insensitive by @bdmorgan in
[#18009](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18009)
- Fix Esc cancel during streaming by @LyalinDotCom in
[#18039](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18039)
- feat(acp): add session resume support by @bdmorgan in
[#18043](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18043)
- fix(ci): prevent stale PR closer from incorrectly closing new PRs by @bdmorgan
in [#18069](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18069)
- chore: delete autoAccept setting unused in production by @victorvianna in
[#17862](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17862)
- feat(plan): use placeholder for choice question "Other" option by @jerop in
[#18101](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18101)
- docs: update clearContext to hookSpecificOutput by @jackwotherspoon in
[#18024](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18024)
- docs-writer skill: Update docs writer skill by @jkcinouye in
[#17928](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17928)
- Sehoon/oncall filter by @sehoon38 in
[#18105](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18105)
- feat(core): add setting to disable loop detection by @SandyTao520 in
[#18008](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18008)
- Docs: Revise docs/index.md by @jkcinouye in
[#17879](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17879)
- Fix up/down arrow regression and add test. by @jacob314 in
[#18108](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18108)
- fix(ui): prevent content leak in MaxSizedBox bottom overflow by @jerop in
[#17991](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17991)
- refactor: migrate checks.ts utility to core and deduplicate by @jerop in
[#18139](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18139)
- feat(core): implement tool name aliasing for backward compatibility by
@SandyTao520 in
[#17974](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17974)
- docs: fix help-wanted label spelling by @pavan-sh in
[#18114](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18114)
- feat(cli): implement automatic theme switching based on terminal background by
@Abhijit-2592 in
[#17976](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17976)
- fix(ide): no-op refactoring that moves the connection logic to helper
functions by @skeshive in
[#18118](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18118)
- feat: update review-frontend-and-fix slash command to review-and-fix by
@galz10 in [#18146](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18146)
- fix: improve Ctrl+R reverse search by @jackwotherspoon in
[#18075](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18075)
- feat(plan): handle inconsistency in schedulers by @Adib234 in
[#17813](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17813)
- feat(plan): add core logic and exit_plan_mode tool definition by @jerop in
[#18110](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18110)
- feat(core): rename search_file_content tool to grep_search and add legacy
alias by @SandyTao520 in
[#18003](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18003)
- fix(core): prioritize detailed error messages for code assist setup by
@gsquared94 in
[#17852](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17852)
- fix(cli): resolve environment loading and auth validation issues in ACP mode
by @bdmorgan in
[#18025](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18025)
- feat(core): add .agents/skills directory alias for skill discovery by
@NTaylorMullen in
[#18151](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18151)
- chore(core): reassign telemetry keys to avoid server conflict by @mattKorwel
in [#18161](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18161)
- Add link to rewind doc in commands.md by @Adib234 in
[#17961](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17961)
- feat(core): add draft-2020-12 JSON Schema support with lenient fallback by
@afarber in [#15060](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15060)
- refactor(core): robust trimPreservingTrailingNewline and regression test by
@adamfweidman in
[#18196](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18196)
- Remove MCP servers on extension uninstall by @chrstnb in
[#18121](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18121)
- refactor: localize ACP error parsing logic to cli package by @bdmorgan in
[#18193](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18193)
- feat(core): Add A2A auth config types by @adamfweidman in
[#18205](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18205)
- Set default max attempts to 3 and use the common variable by @sehoon38 in
[#18209](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18209)
- feat(plan): add exit_plan_mode ui and prompt by @jerop in
[#18162](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18162)
- fix(test): improve test isolation and enable subagent evaluations by
@cocosheng-g in
[#18138](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18138)
- feat(plan): use custom deny messages in plan mode policies by @Adib234 in
[#18195](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18195)
- Match on extension ID when stopping extensions by @chrstnb in
[#18218](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18218)
- fix(core): Respect user's .gitignore preference by @xyrolle in
[#15482](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15482)
- docs: document GEMINI_CLI_HOME environment variable by @adamfweidman in
[#18219](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18219)
- chore(core): explicitly state plan storage path in prompt by @jerop in
[#18222](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18222)
- A2a admin setting by @DavidAPierce in
[#17868](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17868)
- feat(a2a): Add pluggable auth provider infrastructure by @adamfweidman in
[#17934](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17934)
- Fix handling of empty settings by @chrstnb in
[#18131](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18131)
- Reload skills when extensions change by @chrstnb in
[#18225](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18225)
- feat: Add markdown rendering to ask_user tool by @jackwotherspoon in
[#18211](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18211)
- Add telemetry to rewind by @Adib234 in
[#18122](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18122)
- feat(admin): add support for MCP configuration via admin controls (pt1) by
@skeshive in [#18223](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18223)
- feat(core): require user consent before MCP server OAuth by @ehedlund in
[#18132](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18132)
- fix(sandbox): propagate GOOGLE_GEMINI_BASE_URL&GOOGLE_VERTEX_BASE_URL env vars
by @skeshive in
[#18231](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18231)
- feat(ui): move user identity display to header by @sehoon38 in
[#18216](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18216)
- fix: enforce folder trust for workspace settings, skills, and context by
@galz10 in [#17596](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17596)
- Code assist service metrics. by @gundermanc in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15024
- chore/release: bump version to 0.21.0-nightly.20251216.bb0c0d8ee by
@gemini-cli-robot in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15121
- Docs by @Roaimkhan in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15103
- Use official ACP SDK and support HTTP/SSE based MCP servers by @SteffenDE in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/13856
- Remove foreground for themes other than shades of purple and holiday. by
@jacob314 in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/14606
- chore: remove repo specific tips by @jackwotherspoon in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15164
- chore: remove user query from footer in debug mode by @jackwotherspoon in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15169
- Disallow unnecessary awaits. by @gundermanc in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15172
- Add one to the padding in settings dialog to avoid flicker. by @jacob314 in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15173
- feat(core): introduce remote agent infrastructure and rename local executor by
@adamfweidman in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15110
- feat(cli): Add `/auth logout` command to clear credentials and auth state by
@CN-Scars in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/13383
- (fix) Automated pr labeller by @DaanVersavel in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/14885
- feat: launch Gemini 3 Flash in Gemini CLI ⚡️⚡️⚡️ by @scidomino in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15196
- Refactor: Migrate console.error in ripGrep.ts to debugLogger by @Adib234 in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15201
- chore: update a2a-js to 0.3.7 by @adamfweidman in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15197
- chore(core): remove redundant isModelAvailabilityServiceEnabled toggle and
clean up dead code by @adamfweidman in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15207
- feat(core): Late resolve `GenerateContentConfig`s and reduce mutation. by
@joshualitt in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/14920
- Respect previewFeatures value from the remote flag if undefined by @sehoon38
in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15214
- feat(ui): add Windows clipboard image support and Alt+V paste workaround by
@jacob314 in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15218
- chore(core): remove legacy fallback flags and migrate loop detection by
@adamfweidman in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15213
- fix(ui): Prevent eager slash command completion hiding sibling commands by
@SandyTao520 in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15224
- Docs: Update Changelog for Dec 17, 2025 by @jkcinouye in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15204
- Code Assist backend telemetry for user accept/reject of suggestions by
@gundermanc in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15206
- fix(cli): correct initial history length handling for chat commands by
@SandyTao520 in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15223
- chore/release: bump version to 0.21.0-nightly.20251218.739c02bd6 by
@gemini-cli-robot in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15231
- Change detailed model stats to use a new shared Table class to resolve
robustness issues. by @jacob314 in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15208
- feat: add agent toml parser by @abhipatel12 in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15112
- Add core tool that adds all context from the core package. by @jacob314 in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15238
- (docs): Add reference section to hooks documentation by @abhipatel12 in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15159
- feat(hooks): add support for friendly names and descriptions by @abhipatel12
in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15174
- feat: Detect background color by @jacob314 in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15132
- add 3.0 to allowed sensitive keywords by @scidomino in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15276
- feat: Pass additional environment variables to shell execution by @galz10 in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15160
- Remove unused code by @scidomino in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15290
- Handle all 429 as retryableQuotaError by @sehoon38 in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15288
- Remove unnecessary dependencies by @scidomino in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15291
- fix: prevent infinite loop in prompt completion on error by @galz10 in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/14548
- fix(ui): show command suggestions even on perfect match and sort them by
@SandyTao520 in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15287
- feat(hooks): reduce log verbosity and improve error reporting in UI by
@abhipatel12 in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15297
- feat: simplify tool confirmation labels for better UX by @NTaylorMullen in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15296
- chore/release: bump version to 0.21.0-nightly.20251219.70696e364 by
@gemini-cli-robot in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15301
- feat(core): Implement JIT context memory loading and UI sync by @SandyTao520
in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/14469
- feat(ui): Put "Allow for all future sessions" behind a setting off by default.
by @jacob314 in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15322
- fix(cli):change the placeholder of input during the shell mode by
@JayadityaGit in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15135
- Validate OAuth resource parameter matches MCP server URL by @galz10 in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15289
- docs(cli): add System Prompt Override (GEMINI_SYSTEM_MD) by @ashmod in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/9515
- more robust command parsing logs by @scidomino in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15339
- Introspection agent demo by @scidomino in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15232
- fix(core): sanitize hook command expansion and prevent injection by
@SandyTao520 in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15343
- fix(folder trust): add validation for trusted folder level by @adamfweidman in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/12215
- fix(cli): fix right border overflow in trust dialogs by @galz10 in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15350
- fix(policy): fix bug where accepting-edits continued after it was turned off
by @jacob314 in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15351
- fix: prevent infinite relaunch loop when --resume fails (#14941) by @Ying-xi
in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/14951
- chore/release: bump version to 0.21.0-nightly.20251220.41a1a3eed by
@gemini-cli-robot in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15352
- feat(telemetry): add clearcut logging for hooks by @abhipatel12 in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15405
- fix(core): Add `.geminiignore` support to SearchText tool by @xyrolle in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/13763
- fix(patch): cherry-pick 0843d9a to release/v0.23.0-preview.0-pr-15443 to patch
version v0.23.0-preview.0 and create version 0.23.0-preview.1 by
@gemini-cli-robot in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15445
- fix(patch): cherry-pick 9cdb267 to release/v0.23.0-preview.1-pr-15494 to patch
version v0.23.0-preview.1 and create version 0.23.0-preview.2 by
@gemini-cli-robot in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15592
- fix(patch): cherry-pick 37be162 to release/v0.23.0-preview.2-pr-15601 to patch
version v0.23.0-preview.2 and create version 0.23.0-preview.3 by
@gemini-cli-robot in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15603
- fix(patch): cherry-pick 07e597d to release/v0.23.0-preview.3-pr-15684
[CONFLICTS] by @gemini-cli-robot in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15734
- fix(patch): cherry-pick c31f053 to release/v0.23.0-preview.4-pr-16004 to patch
version v0.23.0-preview.4 and create version 0.23.0-preview.5 by
@gemini-cli-robot in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/16027
- fix(patch): cherry-pick 788bb04 to release/v0.23.0-preview.5-pr-15817
[CONFLICTS] by @gemini-cli-robot in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/16038
**Full Changelog**:
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/compare/v0.27.0...v0.28.0
**Full changelog**:
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/compare/v0.22.5...v0.23.0
+210 -353
View File
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
# Preview release: Release v0.29.0-preview.0
# Preview release: Release v0.24.0-preview.0
Released: February 10, 2026
Released: January 6, 2026
Our preview release includes the latest, new, and experimental features. This
release may not be as stable as our [latest weekly release](latest.md).
@@ -11,357 +11,214 @@ To install the preview release:
npm install -g @google/gemini-cli@preview
```
## Highlights
## What's changed
- **Plan Mode Enhancements**: Significant updates to Plan Mode, including new
commands, support for MCP servers, integration of planning artifacts, and
improved iteration guidance.
- **Core Agent Improvements**: Enhancements to the core agent, including better
system prompt rigor, improved subagent definitions, and enhanced tool
execution limits.
- **CLI UX/UI Updates**: Various UI and UX improvements, such as autocomplete in
the input prompt, updated approval mode labels, DevTools integration, and
improved header spacing.
- **Tooling & Extension Updates**: Improvements to existing tools like
`ask_user` and `grep_search`, and new features for extension management.
- **Bug Fixes**: Numerous bug fixes across the CLI and core, addressing issues
with interactive commands, memory leaks, permission checks, and more.
- **Context and Tool Output Management**: Features for observation masking for
tool outputs, session-linked tool output storage, and persistence for masked
tool outputs.
## What's Changed
- fix: remove ask_user tool from non-interactive modes by jackwotherspoon in
[#18154](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18154)
- fix(cli): allow restricted .env loading in untrusted sandboxed folders by
galz10 in [#17806](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17806)
- Encourage agent to utilize ecosystem tools to perform work by gundermanc in
[#17881](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17881)
- feat(plan): unify workflow location in system prompt to optimize caching by
jerop in [#18258](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18258)
- feat(core): enable getUserTierName in config by sehoon38 in
[#18265](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18265)
- feat(core): add default execution limits for subagents by abhipatel12 in
[#18274](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18274)
- Fix issue where agent gets stuck at interactive commands. by gundermanc in
[#18272](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18272)
- chore(release): bump version to 0.29.0-nightly.20260203.71f46f116 by
gemini-cli-robot in
[#18243](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18243)
- feat(core): remove hardcoded policy bypass for local subagents by abhipatel12
in [#18153](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18153)
- feat(plan): implement plan slash command by Adib234 in
[#17698](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17698)
- feat: increase ask_user label limit to 16 characters by jackwotherspoon in
[#18320](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18320)
- Add information about the agent skills lifecycle and clarify docs-writer skill
metadata. by g-samroberts in
[#18234](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18234)
- feat(core): add enter_plan_mode tool by jerop in
[#18324](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18324)
- Stop showing an error message in /plan by Adib234 in
[#18333](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18333)
- fix(hooks): remove unnecessary logging for hook registration by abhipatel12 in
[#18332](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18332)
- fix(mcp): ensure MCP transport is closed to prevent memory leaks by cbcoutinho
in [#18054](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18054)
- feat(skills): implement linking for agent skills by MushuEE in
[#18295](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18295)
- Changelogs for 0.27.0 and 0.28.0-preview0 by g-samroberts in
[#18336](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18336)
- chore: correct docs as skills and hooks are stable by jackwotherspoon in
[#18358](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18358)
- feat(admin): Implement admin allowlist for MCP server configurations by
skeshive in [#18311](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18311)
- fix(core): add retry logic for transient SSL/TLS errors
([#17318](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17318)) by
ppgranger in [#18310](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18310)
- Add support for /extensions config command by chrstnb in
[#17895](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17895)
- fix(core): handle non-compliant mcpbridge responses from Xcode 26.3 by
peterfriese in
[#18376](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18376)
- feat(cli): Add W, B, E Vim motions and operator support by ademuri in
[#16209](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/16209)
- fix: Windows Specific Agent Quality & System Prompt by scidomino in
[#18351](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18351)
- feat(plan): support replace tool in plan mode to edit plans by jerop in
[#18379](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18379)
- Improving memory tool instructions and eval testing by alisa-alisa in
[#18091](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18091)
- fix(cli): color extension link success message green by MushuEE in
[#18386](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18386)
- undo by jacob314 in
[#18147](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18147)
- feat(plan): add guidance on iterating on approved plans vs creating new plans
by jerop in [#18346](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18346)
- feat(plan): fix invalid tool calls in plan mode by Adib234 in
[#18352](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18352)
- feat(plan): integrate planning artifacts and tools into primary workflows by
jerop in [#18375](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18375)
- Fix permission check by scidomino in
[#18395](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18395)
- ux(polish) autocomplete in the input prompt by jacob314 in
[#18181](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18181)
- fix: resolve infinite loop when using 'Modify with external editor' by
ppgranger in [#17453](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17453)
- feat: expand verify-release to macOS and Windows by yunaseoul in
[#18145](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18145)
- feat(plan): implement support for MCP servers in Plan mode by Adib234 in
[#18229](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18229)
- chore: update folder trust error messaging by galz10 in
[#18402](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18402)
- feat(plan): create a metric for execution of plans generated in plan mode by
Adib234 in [#18236](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18236)
- perf(ui): optimize stripUnsafeCharacters with regex by gsquared94 in
[#18413](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18413)
- feat(context): implement observation masking for tool outputs by abhipatel12
in [#18389](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18389)
- feat(core,cli): implement session-linked tool output storage and cleanup by
abhipatel12 in
[#18416](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18416)
- Shorten temp directory by joshualitt in
[#17901](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17901)
- feat(plan): add behavioral evals for plan mode by jerop in
[#18437](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18437)
- Add extension registry client by chrstnb in
[#18396](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18396)
- Enable extension config by default by chrstnb in
[#18447](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18447)
- Automatically generate change logs on release by g-samroberts in
[#18401](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18401)
- Remove previewFeatures and default to Gemini 3 by sehoon38 in
[#18414](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18414)
- feat(admin): apply MCP allowlist to extensions & gemini mcp list command by
skeshive in [#18442](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18442)
- fix(cli): improve focus navigation for interactive and background shells by
galz10 in [#18343](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18343)
- Add shortcuts hint and panel for discoverability by LyalinDotCom in
[#18035](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18035)
- fix(config): treat system settings as read-only during migration and warn user
by spencer426 in
[#18277](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18277)
- feat(plan): add positive test case and update eval stability policy by jerop
in [#18457](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18457)
- fix- windows: add shell: true for spawnSync to fix EINVAL with .cmd editors by
zackoch in [#18408](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18408)
- bug(core): Fix bug when saving plans. by joshualitt in
[#18465](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18465)
- Refactor atCommandProcessor by scidomino in
[#18461](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18461)
- feat(core): implement persistence and resumption for masked tool outputs by
abhipatel12 in
[#18451](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18451)
- refactor: simplify tool output truncation to single config by SandyTao520 in
[#18446](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18446)
- bug(core): Ensure storage is initialized early, even if config is not. by
joshualitt in [#18471](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18471)
- chore: Update build-and-start script to support argument forwarding by
Abhijit-2592 in
[#18241](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18241)
- fix(core): prevent subagent bypass in plan mode by jerop in
[#18484](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18484)
- feat(cli): add WebSocket-based network logging and streaming chunk support by
SandyTao520 in
[#18383](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18383)
- feat(cli): update approval modes UI by jerop in
[#18476](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18476)
- fix(cli): reload skills and agents on extension restart by NTaylorMullen in
[#18411](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18411)
- fix(core): expand excludeTools with legacy aliases for renamed tools by
SandyTao520 in
[#18498](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18498)
- feat(core): overhaul system prompt for rigor, integrity, and intent alignment
by NTaylorMullen in
[#17263](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17263)
- Patch for generate changelog docs yaml file by g-samroberts in
[#18496](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18496)
- Code review fixes for show question mark pr. by jacob314 in
[#18480](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18480)
- fix(cli): add SS3 Shift+Tab support for Windows terminals by ThanhNguyxn in
[#18187](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18187)
- chore: remove redundant planning prompt from final shell by jerop in
[#18528](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18528)
- docs: require pr-creator skill for PR generation by NTaylorMullen in
[#18536](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18536)
- chore: update colors for ask_user dialog by jackwotherspoon in
[#18543](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18543)
- feat(core): exempt high-signal tools from output masking by abhipatel12 in
[#18545](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18545)
- refactor(core): remove memory tool instructions from Gemini 3 prompt by
NTaylorMullen in
[#18559](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18559)
- chore: remove feedback instruction from system prompt by NTaylorMullen in
[#18560](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18560)
- feat(context): add remote configuration for tool output masking thresholds by
abhipatel12 in
[#18553](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18553)
- feat(core): pause agent timeout budget while waiting for tool confirmation by
abhipatel12 in
[#18415](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18415)
- refactor(config): remove experimental.enableEventDrivenScheduler setting by
abhipatel12 in
[#17924](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17924)
- feat(cli): truncate shell output in UI history and improve active shell
display by jwhelangoog in
[#17438](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17438)
- refactor(cli): switch useToolScheduler to event-driven engine by abhipatel12
in [#18565](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18565)
- fix(core): correct escaped interpolation in system prompt by NTaylorMullen in
[#18557](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18557)
- propagate abortSignal by scidomino in
[#18477](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18477)
- feat(core): conditionally include ctrl+f prompt based on interactive shell
setting by NTaylorMullen in
[#18561](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18561)
- fix(core): ensure enter_plan_mode tool registration respects experimental.plan
by jerop in [#18587](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18587)
- feat(core): transition sub-agents to XML format and improve definitions by
NTaylorMullen in
[#18555](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18555)
- docs: Add Plan Mode documentation by jerop in
[#18582](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18582)
- chore: strengthen validation guidance in system prompt by NTaylorMullen in
[#18544](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18544)
- Fix newline insertion bug in replace tool by werdnum in
[#18595](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18595)
- fix(evals): update save_memory evals and simplify tool description by
NTaylorMullen in
[#18610](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18610)
- chore(evals): update validation_fidelity_pre_existing_errors to USUALLY_PASSES
by NTaylorMullen in
[#18617](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18617)
- fix: shorten tool call IDs and fix duplicate tool name in truncated output
filenames by SandyTao520 in
[#18600](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18600)
- feat(cli): implement atomic writes and safety checks for trusted folders by
galz10 in [#18406](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18406)
- Remove relative docs links by chrstnb in
[#18650](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18650)
- docs: add legacy snippets convention to GEMINI.md by NTaylorMullen in
[#18597](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18597)
- fix(chore): Support linting for cjs by aswinashok44 in
[#18639](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18639)
- feat: move shell efficiency guidelines to tool description by NTaylorMullen in
[#18614](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18614)
- Added "" as default value, since getText() used to expect a string only and
thus crashed when undefined... Fixes #18076 by 019-Abhi in
[#18099](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18099)
- Allow @-includes outside of workspaces (with permission) by scidomino in
[#18470](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18470)
- chore: make ask_user header description more clear by jackwotherspoon in
[#18657](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18657)
- refactor(core): model-dependent tool definitions by aishaneeshah in
[#18563](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18563)
- Harded code assist converter. by jacob314 in
[#18656](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18656)
- bug(core): Fix minor bug in migration logic. by joshualitt in
[#18661](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18661)
- feat: enable plan mode experiment in settings by jerop in
[#18636](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18636)
- refactor: push isValidPath() into parsePastedPaths() by scidomino in
[#18664](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18664)
- fix(cli): correct 'esc to cancel' position and restore duration display by
NTaylorMullen in
[#18534](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18534)
- feat(cli): add DevTools integration with gemini-cli-devtools by SandyTao520 in
[#18648](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18648)
- chore: remove unused exports and redundant hook files by SandyTao520 in
[#18681](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18681)
- Fix number of lines being reported in rewind confirmation dialog by Adib234 in
[#18675](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18675)
- feat(cli): disable folder trust in headless mode by galz10 in
[#18407](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18407)
- Disallow unsafe type assertions by gundermanc in
[#18688](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18688)
- Change event type for release by g-samroberts in
[#18693](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18693)
- feat: handle multiple dynamic context filenames in system prompt by
NTaylorMullen in
[#18598](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18598)
- Properly parse at-commands with narrow non-breaking spaces by scidomino in
[#18677](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18677)
- refactor(core): centralize core tool definitions and support model-specific
schemas by aishaneeshah in
[#18662](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18662)
- feat(core): Render memory hierarchically in context. by joshualitt in
[#18350](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18350)
- feat: Ctrl+O to expand paste placeholder by jackwotherspoon in
[#18103](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18103)
- fix(cli): Improve header spacing by NTaylorMullen in
[#18531](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18531)
- Feature/quota visibility 16795 by spencer426 in
[#18203](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18203)
- Inline thinking bubbles with summary/full modes by LyalinDotCom in
[#18033](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18033)
- docs: remove TOC marker from Plan Mode header by jerop in
[#18678](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18678)
- fix(ui): remove redundant newlines in Gemini messages by NTaylorMullen in
[#18538](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18538)
- test(cli): fix AppContainer act() warnings and improve waitFor resilience by
NTaylorMullen in
[#18676](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18676)
- refactor(core): refine Security & System Integrity section in system prompt by
NTaylorMullen in
[#18601](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18601)
- Fix layout rounding. by gundermanc in
[#18667](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18667)
- docs(skills): enhance pr-creator safety and interactivity by NTaylorMullen in
[#18616](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18616)
- test(core): remove hardcoded model from TestRig by NTaylorMullen in
[#18710](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18710)
- feat(core): optimize sub-agents system prompt intro by NTaylorMullen in
[#18608](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18608)
- feat(cli): update approval mode labels and shortcuts per latest UX spec by
jerop in [#18698](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18698)
- fix(plan): update persistent approval mode setting by Adib234 in
[#18638](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18638)
- fix: move toasts location to left side by jackwotherspoon in
[#18705](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18705)
- feat(routing): restrict numerical routing to Gemini 3 family by mattKorwel in
[#18478](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18478)
- fix(ide): fix ide nudge setting by skeshive in
[#18733](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18733)
- fix(core): standardize tool formatting in system prompts by NTaylorMullen in
[#18615](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18615)
- chore: consolidate to green in ask user dialog by jackwotherspoon in
[#18734](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18734)
- feat: add extensionsExplore setting to enable extensions explore UI. by
sripasg in [#18686](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18686)
- feat(cli): defer devtools startup and integrate with F12 by SandyTao520 in
[#18695](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18695)
- ui: update & subdue footer colors and animate progress indicator by
keithguerin in
[#18570](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18570)
- test: add model-specific snapshots for coreTools by aishaneeshah in
[#18707](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18707)
- ci: shard windows tests and fix event listener leaks by NTaylorMullen in
[#18670](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18670)
- fix: allow ask_user tool in yolo mode by jackwotherspoon in
[#18541](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18541)
- feat: redact disabled tools from system prompt
([#13597](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/13597)) by
NTaylorMullen in
[#18613](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18613)
- Update Gemini.md to use the curent year on creating new files by sehoon38 in
[#18460](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18460)
- Code review cleanup for thinking display by jacob314 in
[#18720](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18720)
- fix(cli): hide scrollbars when in alternate buffer copy mode by werdnum in
[#18354](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18354)
- Fix issues with rip grep by gundermanc in
[#18756](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18756)
- fix(cli): fix history navigation regression after prompt autocomplete by
sehoon38 in [#18752](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18752)
- chore: cleanup unused and add unlisted dependencies in packages/cli by
adamfweidman in
[#18749](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18749)
- Fix issue where Gemini CLI creates tests in a new file by gundermanc in
[#18409](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18409)
- feat(telemetry): Ensure experiment IDs are included in OpenTelemetry logs by
kevin-ramdass in
[#18747](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18747)
- chore(core): refactor model resolution and cleanup fallback logic by
@adamfweidman in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15228
- Add Folder Trust Support To Hooks by @sehoon38 in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15325
- Record timestamp with code assist metrics. by @gundermanc in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15439
- feat(policy): implement dynamic mode-aware policy evaluation by @abhipatel12
in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15307
- fix(core): use debugLogger.debug for startup profiler logs by @NTaylorMullen
in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15443
- feat(ui): Add security warning and improve layout for Hooks list by
@SandyTao520 in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15440
- fix #15369, prevent crash on unhandled EIO error in readStdin cleanup by
@ElecTwix in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15410
- chore: improve error messages for --resume by @jackwotherspoon in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15360
- chore: remove clipboard file by @jackwotherspoon in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15447
- Implemented unified secrets sanitization and env. redaction options by
@gundermanc in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15348
- feat: automatic `/model` persistence across Gemini CLI sessions by @niyasrad
in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/13199
- refactor(core): remove deprecated permission aliases from BeforeToolHookOutput
by @StoyanD in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/14855
- fix: add missing `type` field to MCPServerConfig by @jackwotherspoon in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15465
- Make schema validation errors non-fatal by @jacob314 in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15487
- chore: limit MCP resources display to 10 by default by @jackwotherspoon in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15489
- Add experimental in-CLI extension install and uninstall subcommands by
@chrstnb in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15178
- feat: Add A2A Client Manager and tests by @adamfweidman in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15485
- feat: terse transformations of image paths in text buffer by @psinha40898 in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/4924
- Security: Project-level hook warnings by @sehoon38 in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15470
- Added modifyOtherKeys protocol support for tmux by @ved015 in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15524
- chore(core): fix comment typo by @Mapleeeeeeeeeee in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15558
- feat: Show snowfall animation for holiday theme by @sehoon38 in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15494
- do not persist the fallback model by @sehoon38 in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15483
- Resolve unhandled promise rejection in ide-client.ts by @Adib234 in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15587
- fix(core): handle checkIsRepo failure in GitService.initialize by
@Mapleeeeeeeeeee in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15574
- fix(cli): add enableShellOutputEfficiency to settings schema by
@Mapleeeeeeeeeee in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15560
- Manual nightly version bump to 0.24.0-nightly.20251226.546baf993 by @galz10 in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15594
- refactor(core): extract static concerns from CoreToolScheduler by @abhipatel12
in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15589
- fix(core): enable granular shell command allowlisting in policy engine by
@abhipatel12 in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15601
- chore/release: bump version to 0.24.0-nightly.20251227.37be16243 by
@gemini-cli-robot in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15612
- refactor: deprecate legacy confirmation settings and enforce Policy Engine by
@abhipatel12 in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15626
- Migrate console to coreEvents.emitFeedback or debugLogger by @Adib234 in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15219
- Exponential back-off retries for retryable error without a specified … by
@sehoon38 in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15684
- feat(agents): add support for remote agents and multi-agent TOML files by
@adamfweidman in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15437
- Update wittyPhrases.ts by @segyges in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15697
- refactor(auth): Refactor non-interactive mode auth validation & refresh by
@skeshive in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15679
- Revert "Update wittyPhrases.ts (#15697)" by @abhipatel12 in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15719
- fix(hooks): deduplicate agent hooks and add cross-platform integration tests
by @abhipatel12 in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15701
- Implement support for tool input modification by @gundermanc in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15492
- Add instructions to the extensions update info notification by @chrstnb in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/14907
- Add extension settings info to /extensions list by @chrstnb in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/14905
- Agent Skills: Implement Core Skill Infrastructure & Tiered Discovery by
@NTaylorMullen in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15698
- chore: remove cot style comments by @abhipatel12 in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15735
- feat(agents): Add remote agents to agent registry by @sehoon38 in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15711
- feat(hooks): implement STOP_EXECUTION and enhance hook decision handling by
@SandyTao520 in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15685
- Fix build issues caused by year-specific linter rule by @gundermanc in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15780
- fix(core): handle unhandled promise rejection in mcp-client-manager by
@kamja44 in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/14701
- log fallback mode by @sehoon38 in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15817
- Agent Skills: Implement Autonomous Activation Tool & Context Injection by
@NTaylorMullen in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15725
- fix(core): improve shell command with redirection detection by @galz10 in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15683
- Add security docs by @abhipatel12 in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15739
- feat: add folder suggestions to `/dir add` command by @jackwotherspoon in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15724
- Agent Skills: Implement Agent Integration and System Prompt Awareness by
@NTaylorMullen in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15728
- chore: cleanup old smart edit settings by @abhipatel12 in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15832
- Agent Skills: Status Bar Integration for Skill Counts by @NTaylorMullen in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15741
- fix(core): mock powershell output in shell-utils test by @galz10 in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15831
- Agent Skills: Unify Representation & Centralize Loading by @NTaylorMullen in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15833
- Unify shell security policy and remove legacy logic by @abhipatel12 in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15770
- feat(core): restore MessageBus optionality for soft migration (Phase 1) by
@abhipatel12 in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15774
- feat(core): Standardize Tool and Agent Invocation constructors (Phase 2) by
@abhipatel12 in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15775
- feat(core,cli): enforce mandatory MessageBus injection (Phase 3 Hard
Migration) by @abhipatel12 in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15776
- Agent Skills: Extension Support & Security Disclosure by @NTaylorMullen in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15834
- feat(hooks): implement granular stop and block behavior for agent hooks by
@SandyTao520 in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15824
- Agent Skills: Add gemini skills CLI management command by @NTaylorMullen in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15837
- refactor: consolidate EditTool and SmartEditTool by @abhipatel12 in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15857
- fix(cli): mock fs.readdir in consent tests for Windows compatibility by
@NTaylorMullen in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15904
- refactor(core): Extract and integrate ToolExecutor by @abhipatel12 in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15900
- Fix terminal hang when user exits browser without logging in by @gundermanc in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15748
- fix: avoid SDK warning by not accessing .text getter in logging by @ved015 in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15706
- Make default settings apply by @devr0306 in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15354
- chore: rename smart-edit to edit by @abhipatel12 in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15923
- Opt-in to persist model from /model by @sehoon38 in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15820
- fix: prevent /copy crash on Windows by skipping /dev/tty by @ManojINaik in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15657
- Support context injection via SessionStart hook. by @gundermanc in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15746
- Fix order of preflight by @scidomino in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15941
- Fix failing unit tests by @gundermanc in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15940
- fix(cli): resolve paste issue on Windows terminals. by @scidomino in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15932
- Agent Skills: Implement /skills reload by @NTaylorMullen in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15865
- Add setting to support OSC 52 paste by @scidomino in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15336
- remove manual string when displaying manual model in the footer by @sehoon38
in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15967
- fix(core): use correct interactive check for system prompt by @ppergame in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15020
- Inform user of missing settings on extensions update by @chrstnb in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15944
- feat(policy): allow 'modes' in user and admin policies by @NTaylorMullen in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15977
- fix: default folder trust to untrusted for enhanced security by @galz10 in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15943
- Add description for each settings item in /settings by @sehoon38 in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15936
- Use GetOperation to poll for OnboardUser completion by @ishaanxgupta in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15827
- Agent Skills: Add skill directory to WorkspaceContext upon activation by
@NTaylorMullen in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15870
- Fix settings command fallback by @chrstnb in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15926
- fix: writeTodo construction by @scidomino in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/16014
- properly disable keyboard modes on exit by @scidomino in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/16006
- Add workflow to label child issues for rollup by @bdmorgan in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/16002
- feat(ui): add visual indicators for hook execution by @abhipatel12 in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15408
- fix: image token estimation by @jackwotherspoon in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/16004
- feat(hooks): Add a hooks.enabled setting. by @joshualitt in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15933
- feat(admin): Introduce remote admin settings & implement
secureModeEnabled/mcpEnabled by @skeshive in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15935
- Remove trailing whitespace in yaml. by @joshualitt in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/16036
- feat(agents): add support for remote agents by @adamfweidman in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/16013
- fix: limit scheduled issue triage queries to prevent argument list too long
error by @jerop in https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/16021
- ci(github-actions): triage all new issues automatically by @jerop in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/16018
- Fix test. by @gundermanc in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/16011
- fix: hide broken skills object from settings dialog by @korade-krushna in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15766
- Agent Skills: Initial Documentation & Tutorial by @NTaylorMullen in
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/15869
**Full changelog**:
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/compare/v0.28.0-preview.0...v0.29.0-preview.0
https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/compare/v0.23.0-preview.6...v0.24.0-preview.0
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# Authentication setup
See: [Getting Started - Authentication Setup](../get-started/authentication.md).
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The Gemini CLI includes a Checkpointing feature that automatically saves a
snapshot of your project's state before any file modifications are made by
AI-powered tools. This lets you safely experiment with and apply code changes,
knowing you can instantly revert back to the state before the tool was run.
AI-powered tools. This allows you to safely experiment with and apply code
changes, knowing you can instantly revert back to the state before the tool was
run.
## How it works
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# Gemini CLI cheatsheet
This page provides a reference for commonly used Gemini CLI commands, options,
and parameters.
## CLI commands
| Command | Description | Example |
| ---------------------------------- | ---------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------- |
| `gemini` | Start interactive REPL | `gemini` |
| `gemini "query"` | Query non-interactively, then exit | `gemini "explain this project"` |
| `cat file \| gemini` | Process piped content | `cat logs.txt \| gemini` |
| `gemini -i "query"` | Execute and continue interactively | `gemini -i "What is the purpose of this project?"` |
| `gemini -r "latest"` | Continue most recent session | `gemini -r "latest"` |
| `gemini -r "latest" "query"` | Continue session with a new prompt | `gemini -r "latest" "Check for type errors"` |
| `gemini -r "<session-id>" "query"` | Resume session by ID | `gemini -r "abc123" "Finish this PR"` |
| `gemini update` | Update to latest version | `gemini update` |
| `gemini extensions` | Manage extensions | See [Extensions Management](#extensions-management) |
| `gemini mcp` | Configure MCP servers | See [MCP Server Management](#mcp-server-management) |
### Positional arguments
| Argument | Type | Description |
| -------- | ----------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| `query` | string (variadic) | Positional prompt. Defaults to one-shot mode. Use `-i/--prompt-interactive` to execute and continue interactively. |
## CLI Options
| Option | Alias | Type | Default | Description |
| -------------------------------- | ----- | ------- | --------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `--debug` | `-d` | boolean | `false` | Run in debug mode with verbose logging |
| `--version` | `-v` | - | - | Show CLI version number and exit |
| `--help` | `-h` | - | - | Show help information |
| `--model` | `-m` | string | `auto` | Model to use. See [Model Selection](#model-selection) for available values. |
| `--prompt` | `-p` | string | - | Prompt text. Appended to stdin input if provided. **Deprecated:** Use positional arguments instead. |
| `--prompt-interactive` | `-i` | string | - | Execute prompt and continue in interactive mode |
| `--sandbox` | `-s` | boolean | `false` | Run in a sandboxed environment for safer execution |
| `--approval-mode` | - | string | `default` | Approval mode for tool execution. Choices: `default`, `auto_edit`, `yolo` |
| `--yolo` | `-y` | boolean | `false` | **Deprecated.** Auto-approve all actions. Use `--approval-mode=yolo` instead. |
| `--experimental-acp` | - | boolean | - | Start in ACP (Agent Code Pilot) mode. **Experimental feature.** |
| `--experimental-zed-integration` | - | boolean | - | Run in Zed editor integration mode. **Experimental feature.** |
| `--allowed-mcp-server-names` | - | array | - | Allowed MCP server names (comma-separated or multiple flags) |
| `--allowed-tools` | - | array | - | **Deprecated.** Use the [Policy Engine](../core/policy-engine.md) instead. Tools that are allowed to run without confirmation (comma-separated or multiple flags) |
| `--extensions` | `-e` | array | - | List of extensions to use. If not provided, all extensions are enabled (comma-separated or multiple flags) |
| `--list-extensions` | `-l` | boolean | - | List all available extensions and exit |
| `--resume` | `-r` | string | - | Resume a previous session. Use `"latest"` for most recent or index number (e.g. `--resume 5`) |
| `--list-sessions` | - | boolean | - | List available sessions for the current project and exit |
| `--delete-session` | - | string | - | Delete a session by index number (use `--list-sessions` to see available sessions) |
| `--include-directories` | - | array | - | Additional directories to include in the workspace (comma-separated or multiple flags) |
| `--screen-reader` | - | boolean | - | Enable screen reader mode for accessibility |
| `--output-format` | `-o` | string | `text` | The format of the CLI output. Choices: `text`, `json`, `stream-json` |
## Model selection
The `--model` (or `-m`) flag lets you specify which Gemini model to use. You can
use either model aliases (user-friendly names) or concrete model names.
### Model aliases
These are convenient shortcuts that map to specific models:
| Alias | Resolves To | Description |
| ------------ | ------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `auto` | `gemini-2.5-pro` or `gemini-3-pro-preview` | **Default.** Resolves to the preview model if preview features are enabled, otherwise resolves to the standard pro model. |
| `pro` | `gemini-2.5-pro` or `gemini-3-pro-preview` | For complex reasoning tasks. Uses preview model if enabled. |
| `flash` | `gemini-2.5-flash` | Fast, balanced model for most tasks. |
| `flash-lite` | `gemini-2.5-flash-lite` | Fastest model for simple tasks. |
## Extensions management
| Command | Description | Example |
| -------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| `gemini extensions install <source>` | Install extension from Git URL or local path | `gemini extensions install https://github.com/user/my-extension` |
| `gemini extensions install <source> --ref <ref>` | Install from specific branch/tag/commit | `gemini extensions install https://github.com/user/my-extension --ref develop` |
| `gemini extensions install <source> --auto-update` | Install with auto-update enabled | `gemini extensions install https://github.com/user/my-extension --auto-update` |
| `gemini extensions uninstall <name>` | Uninstall one or more extensions | `gemini extensions uninstall my-extension` |
| `gemini extensions list` | List all installed extensions | `gemini extensions list` |
| `gemini extensions update <name>` | Update a specific extension | `gemini extensions update my-extension` |
| `gemini extensions update --all` | Update all extensions | `gemini extensions update --all` |
| `gemini extensions enable <name>` | Enable an extension | `gemini extensions enable my-extension` |
| `gemini extensions disable <name>` | Disable an extension | `gemini extensions disable my-extension` |
| `gemini extensions link <path>` | Link local extension for development | `gemini extensions link /path/to/extension` |
| `gemini extensions new <path>` | Create new extension from template | `gemini extensions new ./my-extension` |
| `gemini extensions validate <path>` | Validate extension structure | `gemini extensions validate ./my-extension` |
See [Extensions Documentation](../extensions/index.md) for more details.
## MCP server management
| Command | Description | Example |
| ------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `gemini mcp add <name> <command>` | Add stdio-based MCP server | `gemini mcp add github npx -y @modelcontextprotocol/server-github` |
| `gemini mcp add <name> <url> --transport http` | Add HTTP-based MCP server | `gemini mcp add api-server http://localhost:3000 --transport http` |
| `gemini mcp add <name> <command> --env KEY=value` | Add with environment variables | `gemini mcp add slack node server.js --env SLACK_TOKEN=xoxb-xxx` |
| `gemini mcp add <name> <command> --scope user` | Add with user scope | `gemini mcp add db node db-server.js --scope user` |
| `gemini mcp add <name> <command> --include-tools tool1,tool2` | Add with specific tools | `gemini mcp add github npx -y @modelcontextprotocol/server-github --include-tools list_repos,get_pr` |
| `gemini mcp remove <name>` | Remove an MCP server | `gemini mcp remove github` |
| `gemini mcp list` | List all configured MCP servers | `gemini mcp list` |
See [MCP Server Integration](../tools/mcp-server.md) for more details.
## Skills management
| Command | Description | Example |
| -------------------------------- | ------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------- |
| `gemini skills list` | List all discovered agent skills | `gemini skills list` |
| `gemini skills install <source>` | Install skill from Git, path, or file | `gemini skills install https://github.com/u/repo` |
| `gemini skills link <path>` | Link local agent skills via symlink | `gemini skills link /path/to/my-skills` |
| `gemini skills uninstall <name>` | Uninstall an agent skill | `gemini skills uninstall my-skill` |
| `gemini skills enable <name>` | Enable an agent skill | `gemini skills enable my-skill` |
| `gemini skills disable <name>` | Disable an agent skill | `gemini skills disable my-skill` |
| `gemini skills enable --all` | Enable all skills | `gemini skills enable --all` |
| `gemini skills disable --all` | Disable all skills | `gemini skills disable --all` |
See [Agent Skills Documentation](./skills.md) for more details.
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### Built-in Commands
### `/about`
- **Description:** Show version info. Share this information when filing issues.
### `/auth`
- **Description:** Open a dialog that lets you change the authentication method.
### `/bug`
- **Description:** File an issue about Gemini CLI. By default, the issue is
filed within the GitHub repository for Gemini CLI. The string you enter after
`/bug` will become the headline for the bug being filed. The default `/bug`
behavior can be modified using the `advanced.bugCommand` setting in your
`.gemini/settings.json` files.
### `/chat`
- **Description:** Save and resume conversation history for branching
conversation state interactively, or resuming a previous state from a later
session.
- **Sub-commands:**
- **`delete <tag>`**
- **Description:** Deletes a saved conversation checkpoint.
- **`list`**
- **Description:** Lists available tags for chat state resumption.
- **Note:** This command only lists chats saved within the current project.
Because chat history is project-scoped, chats saved in other project
directories will not be displayed.
- **`resume <tag>`**
- **Description:** Resumes a conversation from a previous save.
- **Note:** You can only resume chats that were saved within the current
project. To resume a chat from a different project, you must run the
Gemini CLI from that project's directory.
- **`save <tag>`**
- **Description:** Saves the current conversation history. You must add a
`<tag>` for identifying the conversation state.
- **Details on checkpoint location:** The default locations for saved chat
checkpoints are:
- Linux/macOS: `~/.gemini/tmp/<project_hash>/`
- Windows: `C:\Users\<YourUsername>\.gemini\tmp\<project_hash>\`
- **Behavior:** Chats are saved into a project-specific directory,
determined by where you run the CLI. Consequently, saved chats are only
accessible when working within that same project.
- **Note:** These checkpoints are for manually saving and resuming
conversation states. For automatic checkpoints created before file
modifications, see the
[Checkpointing documentation](../cli/checkpointing.md).
- **`share [filename]`**
- **Description** Writes the current conversation to a provided Markdown or
JSON file. If no filename is provided, then the CLI will generate one.
- **Usage** `/chat share file.md` or `/chat share file.json`.
### `/clear`
- **Description:** Clear the terminal screen, including the visible session
history and scrollback within the CLI. The underlying session data (for
history recall) might be preserved depending on the exact implementation, but
the visual display is cleared.
- **Keyboard shortcut:** Press **Ctrl+L** at any time to perform a clear action.
### `/commands`
- **Description:** Manage custom slash commands loaded from `.toml` files.
- **Sub-commands:**
- **`reload`**:
- **Description:** Reload custom command definitions from all sources
(user-level `~/.gemini/commands/`, project-level
`<project>/.gemini/commands/`, MCP prompts, and extensions). Use this to
pick up new or modified `.toml` files without restarting the CLI.
- **Usage:** `/commands reload`
### `/compress`
- **Description:** Replace the entire chat context with a summary. This saves on
tokens used for future tasks while retaining a high level summary of what has
happened.
### `/copy`
- **Description:** Copies the last output produced by Gemini CLI to your
clipboard, for easy sharing or reuse.
- **Behavior:**
- Local sessions use system clipboard tools (pbcopy/xclip/clip).
- Remote sessions (SSH/WSL) use OSC 52 and require terminal support.
- **Note:** This command requires platform-specific clipboard tools to be
installed.
- On Linux, it requires `xclip` or `xsel`. You can typically install them
using your system's package manager.
- On macOS, it requires `pbcopy`, and on Windows, it requires `clip`. These
tools are typically pre-installed on their respective systems.
### `/directory` (or `/dir`)
- **Description:** Manage workspace directories for multi-directory support.
- **Sub-commands:**
- **`add`**:
- **Description:** Add a directory to the workspace. The path can be
absolute or relative to the current working directory. Moreover, the
reference from home directory is supported as well.
- **Usage:** `/directory add <path1>,<path2>`
- **Note:** Disabled in restrictive sandbox profiles. If you're using that,
use `--include-directories` when starting the session instead.
- **`show`**:
- **Description:** Display all directories added by `/directory add` and
`--include-directories`.
- **Usage:** `/directory show`
### `/docs`
- **Description:** Open the Gemini CLI documentation in your browser.
### `/editor`
- **Description:** Open a dialog for selecting supported editors.
### `/extensions`
- **Description:** Lists all active extensions in the current Gemini CLI
session. See [Gemini CLI Extensions](../extensions/index.md).
### `/help` (or `/?`)
- **Description:** Display help information about Gemini CLI, including
available commands and their usage.
### `/hooks`
- **Description:** Manage hooks, which allow you to intercept and customize
Gemini CLI behavior at specific lifecycle events.
- **Sub-commands:**
- **`disable-all`**:
- **Description:** Disable all enabled hooks.
- **`disable <hook-name>`**:
- **Description:** Disable a hook by name.
- **`enable-all`**:
- **Description:** Enable all disabled hooks.
- **`enable <hook-name>`**:
- **Description:** Enable a hook by name.
- **`list`** (or `show`, `panel`):
- **Description:** Display all registered hooks with their status.
### `/ide`
- **Description:** Manage IDE integration.
- **Sub-commands:**
- **`disable`**:
- **Description:** Disable IDE integration.
- **`enable`**:
- **Description:** Enable IDE integration.
- **`install`**:
- **Description:** Install required IDE companion.
- **`status`**:
- **Description:** Check status of IDE integration.
### `/init`
- **Description:** To help users easily create a `GEMINI.md` file, this command
analyzes the current directory and generates a tailored context file, making
it simpler for them to provide project-specific instructions to the Gemini
agent.
### `/mcp`
- **Description:** Manage configured Model Context Protocol (MCP) servers.
- **Sub-commands:**
- **`auth`**:
- **Description:** Authenticate with an OAuth-enabled MCP server.
- **Usage:** `/mcp auth <server-name>`
- **Details:** If `<server-name>` is provided, it initiates the OAuth flow
for that server. If no server name is provided, it lists all configured
servers that support OAuth authentication.
- **`desc`**
- **Description:** List configured MCP servers and tools with descriptions.
- **`list`** or **`ls`**:
- **Description:** List configured MCP servers and tools. This is the
default action if no subcommand is specified.
- **`refresh`**:
- **Description:** Restarts all MCP servers and re-discovers their available
tools.
- **`schema`**:
- **Description:** List configured MCP servers and tools with descriptions
and schemas.
### `/memory`
- **Description:** Manage the AI's instructional context (hierarchical memory
loaded from `GEMINI.md` files).
- **Sub-commands:**
- **`add`**:
- **Description:** Adds the following text to the AI's memory. Usage:
`/memory add <text to remember>`
- **`list`**:
- **Description:** Lists the paths of the GEMINI.md files in use for
hierarchical memory.
- **`refresh`**:
- **Description:** Reload the hierarchical instructional memory from all
`GEMINI.md` files found in the configured locations (global,
project/ancestors, and sub-directories). This command updates the model
with the latest `GEMINI.md` content.
- **`show`**:
- **Description:** Display the full, concatenated content of the current
hierarchical memory that has been loaded from all `GEMINI.md` files. This
lets you inspect the instructional context being provided to the Gemini
model.
- **Note:** For more details on how `GEMINI.md` files contribute to
hierarchical memory, see the
[CLI Configuration documentation](../get-started/configuration.md).
### `/model`
- **Description:** Opens a dialog to choose your Gemini model.
### `/policies`
- **Description:** Manage policies.
- **Sub-commands:**
- **`list`**:
- **Description:** List all active policies grouped by mode.
### `/privacy`
- **Description:** Display the Privacy Notice and allow users to select whether
they consent to the collection of their data for service improvement purposes.
### `/quit` (or `/exit`)
- **Description:** Exit Gemini CLI.
### `/restore`
- **Description:** Restores the project files to the state they were in just
before a tool was executed. This is particularly useful for undoing file edits
made by a tool. If run without a tool call ID, it will list available
checkpoints to restore from.
- **Usage:** `/restore [tool_call_id]`
- **Note:** Only available if checkpointing is configured via
[settings](../get-started/configuration.md). See
[Checkpointing documentation](../cli/checkpointing.md) for more details.
### `/rewind`
- **Description:** Navigates backward through the conversation history, letting
you review past interactions and potentially revert both chat state and file
changes.
- **Usage:** Press **Esc** twice as a shortcut.
- **Features:**
- **Select Interaction:** Preview user prompts and file changes.
- **Action Selection:** Choose to rewind history only, revert code changes
only, or both.
### `/resume`
- **Description:** Browse and resume previous conversation sessions. Opens an
interactive session browser where you can search, filter, and select from
automatically saved conversations.
- **Features:**
- **Management:** Delete unwanted sessions directly from the browser
- **Resume:** Select any session to resume and continue the conversation
- **Search:** Use `/` to search through conversation content across all
sessions
- **Session Browser:** Interactive interface showing all saved sessions with
timestamps, message counts, and first user message for context
- **Sorting:** Sort sessions by date or message count
- **Note:** All conversations are automatically saved as you chat - no manual
saving required. See [Session Management](../cli/session-management.md) for
complete details.
### `/settings`
- **Description:** Open the settings editor to view and modify Gemini CLI
settings.
- **Details:** This command provides a user-friendly interface for changing
settings that control the behavior and appearance of Gemini CLI. It is
equivalent to manually editing the `.gemini/settings.json` file, but with
validation and guidance to prevent errors. See the
[settings documentation](./settings.md) for a full list of available settings.
- **Usage:** Simply run `/settings` and the editor will open. You can then
browse or search for specific settings, view their current values, and modify
them as desired. Changes to some settings are applied immediately, while
others require a restart.
### `/shells` (or `/bashes`)
- **Description:** Toggle the background shells view. This allows you to view
and manage long-running processes that you've sent to the background.
### `/setup-github`
- **Description:** Set up GitHub Actions to triage issues and review PRs with
Gemini.
### `/skills`
- **Description:** Manage Agent Skills, which provide on-demand expertise and
specialized workflows.
- **Sub-commands:**
- **`disable <name>`**:
- **Description:** Disable a specific skill by name.
- **Usage:** `/skills disable <name>`
- **`enable <name>`**:
- **Description:** Enable a specific skill by name.
- **Usage:** `/skills enable <name>`
- **`list`**:
- **Description:** List all discovered skills and their current status
(enabled/disabled).
- **`reload`**:
- **Description:** Refresh the list of discovered skills from all tiers
(workspace, user, and extensions).
### `/stats`
- **Description:** Display detailed statistics for the current Gemini CLI
session, including token usage, cached token savings (when available), and
session duration. Note: Cached token information is only displayed when cached
tokens are being used, which occurs with API key authentication but not with
OAuth authentication at this time.
### `/terminal-setup`
- **Description:** Configure terminal keybindings for multiline input (VS Code,
Cursor, Windsurf).
### `/theme`
- **Description:** Open a dialog that lets you change the visual theme of Gemini
CLI.
### `/tools`
- **Description:** Display a list of tools that are currently available within
Gemini CLI.
- **Usage:** `/tools [desc]`
- **Sub-commands:**
- **`desc`** or **`descriptions`**:
- **Description:** Show detailed descriptions of each tool, including each
tool's name with its full description as provided to the model.
- **`nodesc`** or **`nodescriptions`**:
- **Description:** Hide tool descriptions, showing only the tool names.
### `/vim`
- **Description:** Toggle vim mode on or off. When vim mode is enabled, the
input area supports vim-style navigation and editing commands in both NORMAL
and INSERT modes.
- **Features:**
- **Count support:** Prefix commands with numbers (e.g., `3h`, `5w`, `10G`)
- **Editing commands:** Delete with `x`, change with `c`, insert with `i`,
`a`, `o`, `O`; complex operations like `dd`, `cc`, `dw`, `cw`
- **INSERT mode:** Standard text input with escape to return to NORMAL mode
- **NORMAL mode:** Navigate with `h`, `j`, `k`, `l`; jump by words with `w`,
`b`, `e`; go to line start/end with `0`, `$`, `^`; go to specific lines with
`G` (or `gg` for first line)
- **Persistent setting:** Vim mode preference is saved to
`~/.gemini/settings.json` and restored between sessions
- **Repeat last command:** Use `.` to repeat the last editing operation
- **`/bug`**
- **Description:** File an issue about Gemini CLI. By default, the issue is
filed within the GitHub repository for Gemini CLI. The string you enter
after `/bug` will become the headline for the bug being filed. The default
`/bug` behavior can be modified using the `advanced.bugCommand` setting in
your `.gemini/settings.json` files.
- **`/chat`**
- **Description:** Save and resume conversation history for branching
conversation state interactively, or resuming a previous state from a later
session.
- **Sub-commands:**
- **`save`**
- **Description:** Saves the current conversation history. You must add a
`<tag>` for identifying the conversation state.
- **Usage:** `/chat save <tag>`
- **Details on checkpoint location:** The default locations for saved chat
checkpoints are:
- Linux/macOS: `~/.gemini/tmp/<project_hash>/`
- Windows: `C:\Users\<YourUsername>\.gemini\tmp\<project_hash>\`
- **Behavior:** Chats are saved into a project-specific directory,
determined by where you run the CLI. Consequently, saved chats are
only accessible when working within that same project.
- **Note:** These checkpoints are for manually saving and resuming
conversation states. For automatic checkpoints created before file
modifications, see the
[Checkpointing documentation](../cli/checkpointing.md).
- **`resume`**
- **Description:** Resumes a conversation from a previous save.
- **Usage:** `/chat resume <tag>`
- **Note:** You can only resume chats that were saved within the current
project. To resume a chat from a different project, you must run the
Gemini CLI from that project's directory.
- **`list`**
- **Description:** Lists available tags for chat state resumption.
- **Note:** This command only lists chats saved within the current
project. Because chat history is project-scoped, chats saved in other
project directories will not be displayed.
- **`delete`**
- **Description:** Deletes a saved conversation checkpoint.
- **Usage:** `/chat delete <tag>`
- **`share`**
- **Description** Writes the current conversation to a provided Markdown
or JSON file.
- **Usage** `/chat share file.md` or `/chat share file.json`. If no
filename is provided, then the CLI will generate one.
- **`/clear`**
- **Description:** Clear the terminal screen, including the visible session
history and scrollback within the CLI. The underlying session data (for
history recall) might be preserved depending on the exact implementation,
but the visual display is cleared.
- **Keyboard shortcut:** Press **Ctrl+L** at any time to perform a clear
action.
- **`/compress`**
- **Description:** Replace the entire chat context with a summary. This saves
on tokens used for future tasks while retaining a high level summary of what
has happened.
- **`/copy`**
- **Description:** Copies the last output produced by Gemini CLI to your
clipboard, for easy sharing or reuse.
- **Behavior:**
- Local sessions use system clipboard tools (pbcopy/xclip/clip).
- Remote sessions (SSH/WSL) use OSC 52 and require terminal support.
- **Note:** This command requires platform-specific clipboard tools to be
installed.
- On Linux, it requires `xclip` or `xsel`. You can typically install them
using your system's package manager.
- On macOS, it requires `pbcopy`, and on Windows, it requires `clip`. These
tools are typically pre-installed on their respective systems.
- **`/directory`** (or **`/dir`**)
- **Description:** Manage workspace directories for multi-directory support.
- **Sub-commands:**
- **`add`**:
- **Description:** Add a directory to the workspace. The path can be
absolute or relative to the current working directory. Moreover, the
reference from home directory is supported as well.
- **Usage:** `/directory add <path1>,<path2>`
- **Note:** Disabled in restrictive sandbox profiles. If you're using
that, use `--include-directories` when starting the session instead.
- **`show`**:
- **Description:** Display all directories added by `/directory add` and
`--include-directories`.
- **Usage:** `/directory show`
- **`/editor`**
- **Description:** Open a dialog for selecting supported editors.
- **`/extensions`**
- **Description:** Lists all active extensions in the current Gemini CLI
session. See [Gemini CLI Extensions](../extensions/index.md).
- **`/help`** (or **`/?`**)
- **Description:** Display help information about Gemini CLI, including
available commands and their usage.
- **`/mcp`**
- **Description:** Manage configured Model Context Protocol (MCP) servers.
- **Sub-commands:**
- **`list`** or **`ls`**:
- **Description:** List configured MCP servers and tools. This is the
default action if no subcommand is specified.
- **`desc`**
- **Description:** List configured MCP servers and tools with
descriptions.
- **`schema`**:
- **Description:** List configured MCP servers and tools with descriptions
and schemas.
- **`auth`**:
- **Description:** Authenticate with an OAuth-enabled MCP server.
- **Usage:** `/mcp auth <server-name>`
- **Details:** If `<server-name>` is provided, it initiates the OAuth flow
for that server. If no server name is provided, it lists all configured
servers that support OAuth authentication.
- **`refresh`**:
- **Description:** Restarts all MCP servers and re-discovers their
available tools.
- [**`/model`**](./model.md)
- **Description:** Opens a dialog to choose your Gemini model.
- **`/memory`**
- **Description:** Manage the AI's instructional context (hierarchical memory
loaded from `GEMINI.md` files).
- **Sub-commands:**
- **`add`**:
- **Description:** Adds the following text to the AI's memory. Usage:
`/memory add <text to remember>`
- **`show`**:
- **Description:** Display the full, concatenated content of the current
hierarchical memory that has been loaded from all `GEMINI.md` files.
This lets you inspect the instructional context being provided to the
Gemini model.
- **`refresh`**:
- **Description:** Reload the hierarchical instructional memory from all
`GEMINI.md` files found in the configured locations (global,
project/ancestors, and sub-directories). This command updates the model
with the latest `GEMINI.md` content.
- **`list`**:
- **Description:** Lists the paths of the GEMINI.md files in use for
hierarchical memory.
- **Note:** For more details on how `GEMINI.md` files contribute to
hierarchical memory, see the
[CLI Configuration documentation](../get-started/configuration.md).
- **`/restore`**
- **Description:** Restores the project files to the state they were in just
before a tool was executed. This is particularly useful for undoing file
edits made by a tool. If run without a tool call ID, it will list available
checkpoints to restore from.
- **Usage:** `/restore [tool_call_id]`
- **Note:** Only available if checkpointing is configured via
[settings](../get-started/configuration.md). See
[Checkpointing documentation](../cli/checkpointing.md) for more details.
- [**`/rewind`**](./rewind.md)
- **Description:** Browse and rewind previous interactions. Allows you to
rewind the conversation, revert file changes, or both. Provides an
interactive interface to select the exact point to rewind to.
- **Keyboard shortcut:** Press **Esc** twice.
- **`/resume`**
- **Description:** Browse and resume previous conversation sessions. Opens an
interactive session browser where you can search, filter, and select from
automatically saved conversations.
- **Features:**
- **Session Browser:** Interactive interface showing all saved sessions with
timestamps, message counts, and first user message for context
- **Search:** Use `/` to search through conversation content across all
sessions
- **Sorting:** Sort sessions by date or message count
- **Management:** Delete unwanted sessions directly from the browser
- **Resume:** Select any session to resume and continue the conversation
- **Note:** All conversations are automatically saved as you chat - no manual
saving required. See [Session Management](../cli/session-management.md) for
complete details.
- [**`/settings`**](./settings.md)
- **Description:** Open the settings editor to view and modify Gemini CLI
settings.
- **Details:** This command provides a user-friendly interface for changing
settings that control the behavior and appearance of Gemini CLI. It is
equivalent to manually editing the `.gemini/settings.json` file, but with
validation and guidance to prevent errors. See the
[settings documentation](./settings.md) for a full list of available
settings.
- **Usage:** Simply run `/settings` and the editor will open. You can then
browse or search for specific settings, view their current values, and
modify them as desired. Changes to some settings are applied immediately,
while others require a restart.
- [**`/skills`**](./skills.md)
- **Description:** (Experimental) Manage Agent Skills, which provide on-demand
expertise and specialized workflows.
- **Sub-commands:**
- **`list`**:
- **Description:** List all discovered skills and their current status
(enabled/disabled).
- **`enable`**:
- **Description:** Enable a specific skill by name.
- **Usage:** `/skills enable <name>`
- **`disable`**:
- **Description:** Disable a specific skill by name.
- **Usage:** `/skills disable <name>`
- **`reload`**:
- **Description:** Refresh the list of discovered skills from all tiers
(workspace, user, and extensions).
- **`/stats`**
- **Description:** Display detailed statistics for the current Gemini CLI
session, including token usage, cached token savings (when available), and
session duration. Note: Cached token information is only displayed when
cached tokens are being used, which occurs with API key authentication but
not with OAuth authentication at this time.
- [**`/theme`**](./themes.md)
- **Description:** Open a dialog that lets you change the visual theme of
Gemini CLI.
- **`/auth`**
- **Description:** Open a dialog that lets you change the authentication
method.
- **`/about`**
- **Description:** Show version info. Please share this information when
filing issues.
- [**`/tools`**](../tools/index.md)
- **Description:** Display a list of tools that are currently available within
Gemini CLI.
- **Usage:** `/tools [desc]`
- **Sub-commands:**
- **`desc`** or **`descriptions`**:
- **Description:** Show detailed descriptions of each tool, including each
tool's name with its full description as provided to the model.
- **`nodesc`** or **`nodescriptions`**:
- **Description:** Hide tool descriptions, showing only the tool names.
- **`/privacy`**
- **Description:** Display the Privacy Notice and allow users to select
whether they consent to the collection of their data for service improvement
purposes.
- **`/quit`** (or **`/exit`**)
- **Description:** Exit Gemini CLI.
- **`/vim`**
- **Description:** Toggle vim mode on or off. When vim mode is enabled, the
input area supports vim-style navigation and editing commands in both NORMAL
and INSERT modes.
- **Features:**
- **NORMAL mode:** Navigate with `h`, `j`, `k`, `l`; jump by words with `w`,
`b`, `e`; go to line start/end with `0`, `$`, `^`; go to specific lines
with `G` (or `gg` for first line)
- **INSERT mode:** Standard text input with escape to return to NORMAL mode
- **Editing commands:** Delete with `x`, change with `c`, insert with `i`,
`a`, `o`, `O`; complex operations like `dd`, `cc`, `dw`, `cw`
- **Count support:** Prefix commands with numbers (e.g., `3h`, `5w`, `10G`)
- **Repeat last command:** Use `.` to repeat the last editing operation
- **Persistent setting:** Vim mode preference is saved to
`~/.gemini/settings.json` and restored between sessions
- **Status indicator:** When enabled, shows `[NORMAL]` or `[INSERT]` in the
footer
- **`/init`**
- **Description:** To help users easily create a `GEMINI.md` file, this
command analyzes the current directory and generates a tailored context
file, making it simpler for them to provide project-specific instructions to
the Gemini agent.
### Custom commands
Custom commands allow you to create personalized shortcuts for your most-used
@@ -380,12 +294,12 @@ please see the dedicated [Custom Commands documentation](./custom-commands.md).
These shortcuts apply directly to the input prompt for text manipulation.
- **Undo:**
- **Keyboard shortcut:** Press **Alt+z** or **Cmd+z** to undo the last action
in the input prompt.
- **Keyboard shortcut:** Press **Ctrl+z** to undo the last action in the input
prompt.
- **Redo:**
- **Keyboard shortcut:** Press **Shift+Alt+Z** or **Shift+Cmd+Z** to redo the
last undone action in the input prompt.
- **Keyboard shortcut:** Press **Ctrl+Shift+Z** to redo the last undone action
in the input prompt.
## At commands (`@`)
-80
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@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
# Creating Agent Skills
This guide provides an overview of how to create your own Agent Skills to extend
the capabilities of Gemini CLI.
## Getting started: The `skill-creator` skill
The recommended way to create a new skill is to use the built-in `skill-creator`
skill. To use it, ask Gemini CLI to create a new skill for you.
**Example prompt:**
> "create a new skill called 'code-reviewer'"
Gemini CLI will then use the `skill-creator` to generate the skill:
1. Generate a new directory for your skill (e.g., `my-new-skill/`).
2. Create a `SKILL.md` file with the necessary YAML frontmatter (`name` and
`description`).
3. Create the standard resource directories: `scripts/`, `references/`, and
`assets/`.
## Manual skill creation
If you prefer to create skills manually:
1. **Create a directory** for your skill (e.g., `my-new-skill/`).
2. **Create a `SKILL.md` file** inside the new directory.
To add additional resources that support the skill, refer to the skill
structure.
## Skill structure
A skill is a directory containing a `SKILL.md` file at its root.
### Folder structure
While a `SKILL.md` file is the only required component, we recommend the
following structure for organizing your skill's resources:
```text
my-skill/
├── SKILL.md (Required) Instructions and metadata
├── scripts/ (Optional) Executable scripts
├── references/ (Optional) Static documentation
└── assets/ (Optional) Templates and other resources
```
### `SKILL.md` file
The `SKILL.md` file is the core of your skill. This file uses YAML frontmatter
for metadata and Markdown for instructions. For example:
```markdown
---
name: code-reviewer
description:
Use this skill to review code. It supports both local changes and remote Pull
Requests.
---
# Code Reviewer
This skill guides the agent in conducting thorough code reviews.
## Workflow
### 1. Determine Review Target
- **Remote PR**: If the user gives a PR number or URL, target that remote PR.
- **Local Changes**: If changes are local... ...
```
- **`name`**: A unique identifier for the skill. This should match the directory
name.
- **`description`**: A description of what the skill does and when Gemini should
use it.
- **Body**: The Markdown body of the file contains the instructions that guide
the agent's behavior when the skill is active.
-3
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@@ -30,9 +30,6 @@ separator (`/` or `\`) being converted to a colon (`:`).
- A file at `<project>/.gemini/commands/git/commit.toml` becomes the namespaced
command `/git:commit`.
> [!TIP] After creating or modifying `.toml` command files, run
> `/commands reload` to pick up your changes without restarting the CLI.
## TOML file format (v1)
Your command definition files must be written in the TOML format and use the
+4 -24
View File
@@ -203,29 +203,12 @@ with the actual Gemini CLI process, which inherits the environment variable.
This makes it significantly more difficult for a user to bypass the enforced
settings.
## User isolation in shared environments
In shared compute environments (like ML experiment runners or shared build
servers), you can isolate Gemini CLI state by overriding the user's home
directory.
By default, Gemini CLI stores configuration and history in `~/.gemini`. You can
use the `GEMINI_CLI_HOME` environment variable to point to a unique directory
for a specific user or job. The CLI will create a `.gemini` folder inside the
specified path.
```bash
# Isolate state for a specific job
export GEMINI_CLI_HOME="/tmp/gemini-job-123"
gemini
```
## Restricting tool access
You can significantly enhance security by controlling which tools the Gemini
model can use. This is achieved through the `tools.core` setting and the
[Policy Engine](../core/policy-engine.md). For a list of available tools, see
the [Tools documentation](../tools/index.md).
model can use. This is achieved through the `tools.core` and `tools.exclude`
settings. For a list of available tools, see the
[Tools documentation](../tools/index.md).
### Allowlisting with `coreTools`
@@ -243,10 +226,7 @@ on the approved list.
}
```
### Blocklisting with `excludeTools` (Deprecated)
> **Deprecated:** Use the [Policy Engine](../core/policy-engine.md) for more
> robust control.
### Blocklisting with `excludeTools`
Alternatively, you can add specific tools that are considered dangerous in your
environment to a blocklist.
+11 -19
View File
@@ -19,18 +19,18 @@ order:
- **Location:** `~/.gemini/GEMINI.md` (in your user home directory).
- **Scope:** Provides default instructions for all your projects.
2. **Environment and workspace context files:**
- **Location:** The CLI searches for `GEMINI.md` files in your configured
workspace directories and their parent directories.
- **Scope:** Provides context relevant to the projects you are currently
working on.
2. **Project root and ancestor context files:**
- **Location:** The CLI searches for a `GEMINI.md` file in your current
working directory and then in each parent directory up to the project root
(identified by a `.git` folder).
- **Scope:** Provides context relevant to the entire project.
3. **Just-in-time (JIT) context files:**
- **Location:** When a tool accesses a file or directory, the CLI
automatically scans for `GEMINI.md` files in that directory and its
ancestors up to a trusted root.
- **Scope:** Lets the model discover highly specific instructions for
particular components only when they are needed.
3. **Sub-directory context files:**
- **Location:** The CLI also scans for `GEMINI.md` files in subdirectories
below your current working directory. It respects rules in `.gitignore`
and `.geminiignore`.
- **Scope:** Lets you write highly specific instructions for a particular
component or module.
The CLI footer displays the number of loaded context files, which gives you a
quick visual cue of the active instructional context.
@@ -106,11 +106,3 @@ While `GEMINI.md` is the default filename, you can configure this in your
}
}
```
## Next steps
- Learn about [Ignoring files](./gemini-ignore.md) to exclude content from the
context system.
- Explore the [Memory tool](../tools/memory.md) to save persistent memories.
- See how to use [Custom commands](./custom-commands.md) to automate common
prompts.
+372 -34
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@@ -1,50 +1,388 @@
# Headless mode reference
# Headless mode
Headless mode provides a programmatic interface to Gemini CLI, returning
structured text or JSON output without an interactive terminal UI.
Headless mode allows you to run Gemini CLI programmatically from command line
scripts and automation tools without any interactive UI. This is ideal for
scripting, automation, CI/CD pipelines, and building AI-powered tools.
## Technical reference
- [Headless Mode](#headless-mode)
- [Overview](#overview)
- [Basic Usage](#basic-usage)
- [Direct Prompts](#direct-prompts)
- [Stdin Input](#stdin-input)
- [Combining with File Input](#combining-with-file-input)
- [Output Formats](#output-formats)
- [Text Output (Default)](#text-output-default)
- [JSON Output](#json-output)
- [Response Schema](#response-schema)
- [Example Usage](#example-usage)
- [Streaming JSON Output](#streaming-json-output)
- [When to Use Streaming JSON](#when-to-use-streaming-json)
- [Event Types](#event-types)
- [Basic Usage](#basic-usage)
- [Example Output](#example-output)
- [Processing Stream Events](#processing-stream-events)
- [Real-World Examples](#real-world-examples)
- [File Redirection](#file-redirection)
- [Configuration Options](#configuration-options)
- [Examples](#examples)
- [Code review](#code-review)
- [Generate commit messages](#generate-commit-messages)
- [API documentation](#api-documentation)
- [Batch code analysis](#batch-code-analysis)
- [Code review](#code-review-1)
- [Log analysis](#log-analysis)
- [Release notes generation](#release-notes-generation)
- [Model and tool usage tracking](#model-and-tool-usage-tracking)
- [Resources](#resources)
Headless mode is triggered when the CLI is run in a non-TTY environment or when
providing a query as a positional argument without the interactive flag.
## Overview
### Output formats
The headless mode provides a headless interface to Gemini CLI that:
You can specify the output format using the `--output-format` flag.
- Accepts prompts via command line arguments or stdin
- Returns structured output (text or JSON)
- Supports file redirection and piping
- Enables automation and scripting workflows
- Provides consistent exit codes for error handling
#### JSON output
## Basic usage
Returns a single JSON object containing the response and usage statistics.
### Direct prompts
- **Schema:**
- `response`: (string) The model's final answer.
- `stats`: (object) Token usage and API latency metrics.
- `error`: (object, optional) Error details if the request failed.
Use the `--prompt` (or `-p`) flag to run in headless mode:
#### Streaming JSON output
```bash
gemini --prompt "What is machine learning?"
```
Returns a stream of newline-delimited JSON (JSONL) events.
### Stdin input
- **Event types:**
- `init`: Session metadata (session ID, model).
- `message`: User and assistant message chunks.
- `tool_use`: Tool call requests with arguments.
- `tool_result`: Output from executed tools.
- `error`: Non-fatal warnings and system errors.
- `result`: Final outcome with aggregated statistics.
Pipe input to Gemini CLI from your terminal:
## Exit codes
```bash
echo "Explain this code" | gemini
```
The CLI returns standard exit codes to indicate the result of the headless
execution:
### Combining with file input
- `0`: Success.
- `1`: General error or API failure.
- `42`: Input error (invalid prompt or arguments).
- `53`: Turn limit exceeded.
Read from files and process with Gemini:
## Next steps
```bash
cat README.md | gemini --prompt "Summarize this documentation"
```
- Follow the [Automation tutorial](./tutorials/automation.md) for practical
scripting examples.
- See the [CLI reference](./cli-reference.md) for all available flags.
## Output formats
### Text output (default)
Standard human-readable output:
```bash
gemini -p "What is the capital of France?"
```
Response format:
```
The capital of France is Paris.
```
### JSON output
Returns structured data including response, statistics, and metadata. This
format is ideal for programmatic processing and automation scripts.
#### Response schema
The JSON output follows this high-level structure:
```json
{
"response": "string", // The main AI-generated content answering your prompt
"stats": {
// Usage metrics and performance data
"models": {
// Per-model API and token usage statistics
"[model-name]": {
"api": {
/* request counts, errors, latency */
},
"tokens": {
/* prompt, response, cached, total counts */
}
}
},
"tools": {
// Tool execution statistics
"totalCalls": "number",
"totalSuccess": "number",
"totalFail": "number",
"totalDurationMs": "number",
"totalDecisions": {
/* accept, reject, modify, auto_accept counts */
},
"byName": {
/* per-tool detailed stats */
}
},
"files": {
// File modification statistics
"totalLinesAdded": "number",
"totalLinesRemoved": "number"
}
},
"error": {
// Present only when an error occurred
"type": "string", // Error type (e.g., "ApiError", "AuthError")
"message": "string", // Human-readable error description
"code": "number" // Optional error code
}
}
```
#### Example usage
```bash
gemini -p "What is the capital of France?" --output-format json
```
Response:
```json
{
"response": "The capital of France is Paris.",
"stats": {
"models": {
"gemini-2.5-pro": {
"api": {
"totalRequests": 2,
"totalErrors": 0,
"totalLatencyMs": 5053
},
"tokens": {
"prompt": 24939,
"candidates": 20,
"total": 25113,
"cached": 21263,
"thoughts": 154,
"tool": 0
}
},
"gemini-2.5-flash": {
"api": {
"totalRequests": 1,
"totalErrors": 0,
"totalLatencyMs": 1879
},
"tokens": {
"prompt": 8965,
"candidates": 10,
"total": 9033,
"cached": 0,
"thoughts": 30,
"tool": 28
}
}
},
"tools": {
"totalCalls": 1,
"totalSuccess": 1,
"totalFail": 0,
"totalDurationMs": 1881,
"totalDecisions": {
"accept": 0,
"reject": 0,
"modify": 0,
"auto_accept": 1
},
"byName": {
"google_web_search": {
"count": 1,
"success": 1,
"fail": 0,
"durationMs": 1881,
"decisions": {
"accept": 0,
"reject": 0,
"modify": 0,
"auto_accept": 1
}
}
}
},
"files": {
"totalLinesAdded": 0,
"totalLinesRemoved": 0
}
}
}
```
### Streaming JSON output
Returns real-time events as newline-delimited JSON (JSONL). Each significant
action (initialization, messages, tool calls, results) emits immediately as it
occurs. This format is ideal for monitoring long-running operations, building
UIs with live progress, and creating automation pipelines that react to events.
#### When to use streaming JSON
Use `--output-format stream-json` when you need:
- **Real-time progress monitoring** - See tool calls and responses as they
happen
- **Event-driven automation** - React to specific events (e.g., tool failures)
- **Live UI updates** - Build interfaces showing AI agent activity in real-time
- **Detailed execution logs** - Capture complete interaction history with
timestamps
- **Pipeline integration** - Stream events to logging/monitoring systems
#### Event types
The streaming format emits 6 event types:
1. **`init`** - Session starts (includes session_id, model)
2. **`message`** - User prompts and assistant responses
3. **`tool_use`** - Tool call requests with parameters
4. **`tool_result`** - Tool execution results (success/error)
5. **`error`** - Non-fatal errors and warnings
6. **`result`** - Final session outcome with aggregated stats
#### Basic usage
```bash
# Stream events to console
gemini --output-format stream-json --prompt "What is 2+2?"
# Save event stream to file
gemini --output-format stream-json --prompt "Analyze this code" > events.jsonl
# Parse with jq
gemini --output-format stream-json --prompt "List files" | jq -r '.type'
```
#### Example output
Each line is a complete JSON event:
```jsonl
{"type":"init","timestamp":"2025-10-10T12:00:00.000Z","session_id":"abc123","model":"gemini-2.0-flash-exp"}
{"type":"message","role":"user","content":"List files in current directory","timestamp":"2025-10-10T12:00:01.000Z"}
{"type":"tool_use","tool_name":"Bash","tool_id":"bash-123","parameters":{"command":"ls -la"},"timestamp":"2025-10-10T12:00:02.000Z"}
{"type":"tool_result","tool_id":"bash-123","status":"success","output":"file1.txt\nfile2.txt","timestamp":"2025-10-10T12:00:03.000Z"}
{"type":"message","role":"assistant","content":"Here are the files...","delta":true,"timestamp":"2025-10-10T12:00:04.000Z"}
{"type":"result","status":"success","stats":{"total_tokens":250,"input_tokens":50,"output_tokens":200,"duration_ms":3000,"tool_calls":1},"timestamp":"2025-10-10T12:00:05.000Z"}
```
### File redirection
Save output to files or pipe to other commands:
```bash
# Save to file
gemini -p "Explain Docker" > docker-explanation.txt
gemini -p "Explain Docker" --output-format json > docker-explanation.json
# Append to file
gemini -p "Add more details" >> docker-explanation.txt
# Pipe to other tools
gemini -p "What is Kubernetes?" --output-format json | jq '.response'
gemini -p "Explain microservices" | wc -w
gemini -p "List programming languages" | grep -i "python"
```
## Configuration options
Key command-line options for headless usage:
| Option | Description | Example |
| ----------------------- | ---------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------- |
| `--prompt`, `-p` | Run in headless mode | `gemini -p "query"` |
| `--output-format` | Specify output format (text, json) | `gemini -p "query" --output-format json` |
| `--model`, `-m` | Specify the Gemini model | `gemini -p "query" -m gemini-2.5-flash` |
| `--debug`, `-d` | Enable debug mode | `gemini -p "query" --debug` |
| `--include-directories` | Include additional directories | `gemini -p "query" --include-directories src,docs` |
| `--yolo`, `-y` | Auto-approve all actions | `gemini -p "query" --yolo` |
| `--approval-mode` | Set approval mode | `gemini -p "query" --approval-mode auto_edit` |
For complete details on all available configuration options, settings files, and
environment variables, see the
[Configuration Guide](../get-started/configuration.md).
## Examples
#### Code review
```bash
cat src/auth.py | gemini -p "Review this authentication code for security issues" > security-review.txt
```
#### Generate commit messages
```bash
result=$(git diff --cached | gemini -p "Write a concise commit message for these changes" --output-format json)
echo "$result" | jq -r '.response'
```
#### API documentation
```bash
result=$(cat api/routes.js | gemini -p "Generate OpenAPI spec for these routes" --output-format json)
echo "$result" | jq -r '.response' > openapi.json
```
#### Batch code analysis
```bash
for file in src/*.py; do
echo "Analyzing $file..."
result=$(cat "$file" | gemini -p "Find potential bugs and suggest improvements" --output-format json)
echo "$result" | jq -r '.response' > "reports/$(basename "$file").analysis"
echo "Completed analysis for $(basename "$file")" >> reports/progress.log
done
```
#### Code review
```bash
result=$(git diff origin/main...HEAD | gemini -p "Review these changes for bugs, security issues, and code quality" --output-format json)
echo "$result" | jq -r '.response' > pr-review.json
```
#### Log analysis
```bash
grep "ERROR" /var/log/app.log | tail -20 | gemini -p "Analyze these errors and suggest root cause and fixes" > error-analysis.txt
```
#### Release notes generation
```bash
result=$(git log --oneline v1.0.0..HEAD | gemini -p "Generate release notes from these commits" --output-format json)
response=$(echo "$result" | jq -r '.response')
echo "$response"
echo "$response" >> CHANGELOG.md
```
#### Model and tool usage tracking
```bash
result=$(gemini -p "Explain this database schema" --include-directories db --output-format json)
total_tokens=$(echo "$result" | jq -r '.stats.models // {} | to_entries | map(.value.tokens.total) | add // 0')
models_used=$(echo "$result" | jq -r '.stats.models // {} | keys | join(", ") | if . == "" then "none" else . end')
tool_calls=$(echo "$result" | jq -r '.stats.tools.totalCalls // 0')
tools_used=$(echo "$result" | jq -r '.stats.tools.byName // {} | keys | join(", ") | if . == "" then "none" else . end')
echo "$(date): $total_tokens tokens, $tool_calls tool calls ($tools_used) used with models: $models_used" >> usage.log
echo "$result" | jq -r '.response' > schema-docs.md
echo "Recent usage trends:"
tail -5 usage.log
```
## Resources
- [CLI Configuration](../get-started/configuration.md) - Complete configuration
guide
- [Authentication](../get-started/authentication.md) - Setup authentication
- [Commands](./commands.md) - Interactive commands reference
- [Tutorials](./tutorials.md) - Step-by-step automation guides
+53 -111
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@@ -1,123 +1,65 @@
# Using Gemini CLI
# Gemini CLI
Gemini CLI is a terminal-first interface that brings the power of Gemini AI
models directly into your development workflow. It lets you interact with AI
using your local files, shell environment, and project context, creating a
bridge between generative AI and your system tools.
Within Gemini CLI, `packages/cli` is the frontend for users to send and receive
prompts with the Gemini AI model and its associated tools. For a general
overview of Gemini CLI, see the [main documentation page](../index.md).
## User guides
## Basic features
These guides provide step-by-step instructions and practical examples for using
Gemini CLI in your daily development workflow.
- **[Commands](./commands.md):** A reference for all built-in slash commands
- **[Custom commands](./custom-commands.md):** Create your own commands and
shortcuts for frequently used prompts.
- **[Headless mode](./headless.md):** Use Gemini CLI programmatically for
scripting and automation.
- **[Model selection](./model.md):** Configure the Gemini AI model used by the
CLI.
- **[Settings](./settings.md):** Configure various aspects of the CLI's behavior
and appearance.
- **[Themes](./themes.md):** Customizing the CLI's appearance with different
themes.
- **[Keyboard shortcuts](./keyboard-shortcuts.md):** A reference for all
keyboard shortcuts to improve your workflow.
- **[Tutorials](./tutorials.md):** Step-by-step guides for common tasks.
- **[Quickstart](../get-started/index.md):** Get up and running with Gemini CLI
in minutes.
- **[Examples](../get-started/examples.md):** See practical examples of Gemini
CLI in action.
- **[Get started with skills](./tutorials/skills-getting-started.md):** Learn
how to use and manage specialized expertise.
- **[File management](./tutorials/file-management.md):** How to include, search,
and modify local files.
- **[Set up an MCP server](./tutorials/mcp-setup.md):** Configure Model Context
Protocol servers for custom tools.
- **[Manage context and memory](./tutorials/memory-management.md):** Manage
persistent instructions and individual facts.
- **[Manage sessions and history](./tutorials/session-management.md):** Resume,
manage, and rewind your conversations.
- **[Execute shell commands](./tutorials/shell-commands.md):** Execute system
commands safely directly from your prompt.
- **[Plan tasks with todos](./tutorials/task-planning.md):** Using todos for
complex, multi-step agent requests.
- **[Web search and fetch](./tutorials/web-tools.md):** Searching and fetching
content from the web.
## Advanced features
## Features
- **[Checkpointing](./checkpointing.md):** Automatically save and restore
snapshots of your session and files.
- **[Enterprise configuration](./enterprise.md):** Deploy and manage Gemini CLI
in an enterprise environment.
- **[Sandboxing](./sandbox.md):** Isolate tool execution in a secure,
containerized environment.
- **[Agent Skills](./skills.md):** (Experimental) Extend the CLI with
specialized expertise and procedural workflows.
- **[Telemetry](./telemetry.md):** Configure observability to monitor usage and
performance.
- **[Token caching](./token-caching.md):** Optimize API costs by caching tokens.
- **[Trusted folders](./trusted-folders.md):** A security feature to control
which projects can use the full capabilities of the CLI.
- **[Ignoring files (.geminiignore)](./gemini-ignore.md):** Exclude specific
files and directories from being accessed by tools.
- **[Context files (GEMINI.md)](./gemini-md.md):** Provide persistent,
hierarchical context to the model.
- **[System prompt override](./system-prompt.md):** Replace the builtin system
instructions using `GEMINI_SYSTEM_MD`.
Technical reference documentation for each capability of Gemini CLI.
## Non-interactive mode
- **[/about](../cli/commands.md#about):** Show version info.
- **[/auth](../cli/commands.md#auth):** Change authentication method.
- **[/bug](../cli/commands.md#bug):** File an issue about Gemini CLI.
- **[/chat](../cli/commands.md#chat):** Save and resume conversation history.
- **[/clear](../cli/commands.md#clear):** Clear the terminal screen.
- **[/compress](../cli/commands.md#compress):** Replace context with a summary.
- **[/copy](../cli/commands.md#copy):** Copy output to clipboard.
- **[/directory](../cli/commands.md#directory-or-dir):** Manage workspace
directories.
- **[/docs](../cli/commands.md#docs):** Open documentation in browser.
- **[/editor](../cli/commands.md#editor):** Select preferred editor.
- **[/extensions](../cli/commands.md#extensions):** List active extensions.
- **[/help](../cli/commands.md#help-or):** Display help information.
- **[/hooks](../hooks/index.md):** Manage hooks for lifecycle events.
- **[/ide](../ide-integration/index.md):** Manage IDE integration.
- **[/init](../cli/commands.md#init):** Create a GEMINI.md context file.
- **[/mcp](../tools/mcp-server.md):** Manage Model Context Protocol servers.
- **[/memory](../cli/commands.md#memory):** Manage instructional context.
- **[/model](./model.md):** Choose Gemini model.
- **[/policies](../cli/commands.md#policies):** Manage security policies.
- **[/privacy](../cli/commands.md#privacy):** Display privacy notice.
- **[/quit](../cli/commands.md#quit-or-exit):** Exit Gemini CLI.
- **[/restore](../cli/commands.md#restore):** Restore file state.
- **[/resume](../cli/commands.md#resume):** Browse and resume sessions.
- **[/rewind](./rewind.md):** Navigate backward through history.
- **[/settings](./settings.md):** Open settings editor.
- **[/setup-github](../cli/commands.md#setup-github):** Set up GitHub Actions.
- **[/shells](../cli/commands.md#shells-or-bashes):** Toggle background shells
view.
- **[/skills](./skills.md):** Manage Agent Skills.
- **[/stats](../cli/commands.md#stats):** Display session statistics.
- **[/terminal-setup](../cli/commands.md#terminal-setup):** Configure
keybindings.
- **[/theme](./themes.md):** Change visual theme.
- **[/tools](../cli/commands.md#tools):** Display list of available tools.
- **[/vim](../cli/commands.md#vim):** Toggle vim mode.
- **[Activate skill (tool)](../tools/activate-skill.md):** Internal mechanism
for loading expert procedures.
- **[Ask user (tool)](../tools/ask-user.md):** Internal dialog system for
clarification.
- **[Checkpointing](./checkpointing.md):** Automatic session snapshots.
- **[File system (tool)](../tools/file-system.md):** Technical details for local
file operations.
- **[Headless mode](./headless.md):** Programmatic and scripting interface.
- **[Internal documentation (tool)](../tools/internal-docs.md):** Technical
lookup for CLI features.
- **[Memory (tool)](../tools/memory.md):** Storage details for persistent facts.
- **[Model routing](./model-routing.md):** Automatic fallback resilience.
- **[Plan mode (experimental)](./plan-mode.md):** Use a safe, read-only mode for
planning complex changes.
- **[Sandboxing](./sandbox.md):** Isolate tool execution.
- **[Shell (tool)](../tools/shell.md):** Detailed system execution parameters.
- **[Telemetry](./telemetry.md):** Usage and performance metric details.
- **[Todo (tool)](../tools/todos.md):** Progress tracking specification.
- **[Token caching](./token-caching.md):** Performance optimization.
- **[Web fetch (tool)](../tools/web-fetch.md):** URL retrieval and extraction
details.
- **[Web search (tool)](../tools/web-search.md):** Google Search integration
technicals.
Gemini CLI can be run in a non-interactive mode, which is useful for scripting
and automation. In this mode, you pipe input to the CLI, it executes the
command, and then it exits.
## Configuration
The following example pipes a command to Gemini CLI from your terminal:
Settings and customization options for Gemini CLI.
```bash
echo "What is fine tuning?" | gemini
```
- **[Custom commands](./custom-commands.md):** Personalized shortcuts.
- **[Enterprise configuration](./enterprise.md):** Professional environment
controls.
- **[Ignore files (.geminiignore)](./gemini-ignore.md):** Exclusion pattern
reference.
- **[Model configuration](./generation-settings.md):** Fine-tune generation
parameters like temperature and thinking budget.
- **[Project context (GEMINI.md)](./gemini-md.md):** Technical hierarchy of
context files.
- **[Settings](./settings.md):** Full `settings.json` schema.
- **[System prompt override](./system-prompt.md):** Instruction replacement
logic.
- **[Themes](./themes.md):** UI personalization technical guide.
- **[Trusted folders](./trusted-folders.md):** Security permission logic.
You can also use the `--prompt` or `-p` flag:
## Next steps
```bash
gemini -p "What is fine tuning?"
```
- Explore the [Command reference](./commands.md) to learn about all available
slash commands.
- Read about [Project context](./gemini-md.md) to understand how to provide
persistent instructions to the model.
- See the [CLI reference](./cli-reference.md) for a quick cheatsheet of flags.
For comprehensive documentation on headless usage, scripting, automation, and
advanced examples, see the **[Headless mode](./headless.md)** guide.
+60 -89
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@@ -8,50 +8,50 @@ available combinations.
#### Basic Controls
| Action | Keys |
| --------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------- |
| Confirm the current selection or choice. | `Enter` |
| Dismiss dialogs or cancel the current focus. | `Esc`<br />`Ctrl + [` |
| Cancel the current request or quit the CLI when input is empty. | `Ctrl + C` |
| Exit the CLI when the input buffer is empty. | `Ctrl + D` |
| Action | Keys |
| --------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------- |
| Confirm the current selection or choice. | `Enter` |
| Dismiss dialogs or cancel the current focus. | `Esc` |
| Cancel the current request or quit the CLI when input is empty. | `Ctrl + C` |
| Exit the CLI when the input buffer is empty. | `Ctrl + D` |
#### Cursor Movement
| Action | Keys |
| ------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| Move the cursor to the start of the line. | `Ctrl + A`<br />`Home (no Shift, Ctrl)` |
| Move the cursor to the end of the line. | `Ctrl + E`<br />`End (no Shift, Ctrl)` |
| Move the cursor up one line. | `Up Arrow (no Shift, Alt, Ctrl, Cmd)` |
| Move the cursor down one line. | `Down Arrow (no Shift, Alt, Ctrl, Cmd)` |
| Move the cursor one character to the left. | `Left Arrow (no Shift, Alt, Ctrl, Cmd)` |
| Move the cursor one character to the right. | `Right Arrow (no Shift, Alt, Ctrl, Cmd)`<br />`Ctrl + F` |
| Move the cursor one word to the left. | `Ctrl + Left Arrow`<br />`Alt + Left Arrow`<br />`Alt + B` |
| Move the cursor one word to the right. | `Ctrl + Right Arrow`<br />`Alt + Right Arrow`<br />`Alt + F` |
| Move the cursor to the start of the line. | `Ctrl + A`<br />`Home` |
| Move the cursor to the end of the line. | `Ctrl + E`<br />`End` |
| Move the cursor up one line. | `Up Arrow (no Ctrl, no Cmd)` |
| Move the cursor down one line. | `Down Arrow (no Ctrl, no Cmd)` |
| Move the cursor one character to the left. | `Left Arrow (no Ctrl, no Cmd)`<br />`Ctrl + B` |
| Move the cursor one character to the right. | `Right Arrow (no Ctrl, no Cmd)`<br />`Ctrl + F` |
| Move the cursor one word to the left. | `Ctrl + Left Arrow`<br />`Cmd + Left Arrow`<br />`Cmd + B` |
| Move the cursor one word to the right. | `Ctrl + Right Arrow`<br />`Cmd + Right Arrow`<br />`Cmd + F` |
#### Editing
| Action | Keys |
| ------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Delete from the cursor to the end of the line. | `Ctrl + K` |
| Delete from the cursor to the start of the line. | `Ctrl + U` |
| Clear all text in the input field. | `Ctrl + C` |
| Delete the previous word. | `Ctrl + Backspace`<br />`Alt + Backspace`<br />`Ctrl + W` |
| Delete the next word. | `Ctrl + Delete`<br />`Alt + Delete` |
| Delete the character to the left. | `Backspace`<br />`Ctrl + H` |
| Delete the character to the right. | `Delete`<br />`Ctrl + D` |
| Undo the most recent text edit. | `Cmd + Z (no Shift)`<br />`Alt + Z (no Shift)` |
| Redo the most recent undone text edit. | `Shift + Ctrl + Z`<br />`Shift + Cmd + Z`<br />`Shift + Alt + Z` |
| Action | Keys |
| ------------------------------------------------ | --------------------------------------------------------- |
| Delete from the cursor to the end of the line. | `Ctrl + K` |
| Delete from the cursor to the start of the line. | `Ctrl + U` |
| Clear all text in the input field. | `Ctrl + C` |
| Delete the previous word. | `Ctrl + Backspace`<br />`Cmd + Backspace`<br />`Ctrl + W` |
| Delete the next word. | `Ctrl + Delete`<br />`Cmd + Delete` |
| Delete the character to the left. | `Backspace`<br />`Ctrl + H` |
| Delete the character to the right. | `Delete`<br />`Ctrl + D` |
| Undo the most recent text edit. | `Ctrl + Z (no Shift)` |
| Redo the most recent undone text edit. | `Ctrl + Shift + Z` |
#### Scrolling
| Action | Keys |
| ------------------------ | --------------------------------- |
| Scroll content up. | `Shift + Up Arrow` |
| Scroll content down. | `Shift + Down Arrow` |
| Scroll to the top. | `Ctrl + Home`<br />`Shift + Home` |
| Scroll to the bottom. | `Ctrl + End`<br />`Shift + End` |
| Scroll up by one page. | `Page Up` |
| Scroll down by one page. | `Page Down` |
| Action | Keys |
| ------------------------ | -------------------- |
| Scroll content up. | `Shift + Up Arrow` |
| Scroll content down. | `Shift + Down Arrow` |
| Scroll to the top. | `Home` |
| Scroll to the bottom. | `End` |
| Scroll up by one page. | `Page Up` |
| Scroll down by one page. | `Page Down` |
#### History & Search
@@ -62,18 +62,15 @@ available combinations.
| Start reverse search through history. | `Ctrl + R` |
| Submit the selected reverse-search match. | `Enter (no Ctrl)` |
| Accept a suggestion while reverse searching. | `Tab` |
| Browse and rewind previous interactions. | `Double Esc` |
#### Navigation
| Action | Keys |
| -------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------- |
| Move selection up in lists. | `Up Arrow (no Shift)` |
| Move selection down in lists. | `Down Arrow (no Shift)` |
| Move up within dialog options. | `Up Arrow (no Shift)`<br />`K (no Shift)` |
| Move down within dialog options. | `Down Arrow (no Shift)`<br />`J (no Shift)` |
| Move to the next item or question in a dialog. | `Tab (no Shift)` |
| Move to the previous item or question in a dialog. | `Shift + Tab` |
| Action | Keys |
| -------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------- |
| Move selection up in lists. | `Up Arrow (no Shift)` |
| Move selection down in lists. | `Down Arrow (no Shift)` |
| Move up within dialog options. | `Up Arrow (no Shift)`<br />`K (no Shift)` |
| Move down within dialog options. | `Down Arrow (no Shift)`<br />`J (no Shift)` |
#### Suggestions & Completions
@@ -87,40 +84,29 @@ available combinations.
#### Text Input
| Action | Keys |
| ---------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Submit the current prompt. | `Enter (no Shift, Alt, Ctrl, Cmd)` |
| Insert a newline without submitting. | `Ctrl + Enter`<br />`Cmd + Enter`<br />`Alt + Enter`<br />`Shift + Enter`<br />`Ctrl + J` |
| Open the current prompt in an external editor. | `Ctrl + X` |
| Paste from the clipboard. | `Ctrl + V`<br />`Cmd + V`<br />`Alt + V` |
| Action | Keys |
| ---------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Submit the current prompt. | `Enter (no Ctrl, no Shift, no Cmd)` |
| Insert a newline without submitting. | `Ctrl + Enter`<br />`Cmd + Enter`<br />`Shift + Enter`<br />`Ctrl + J` |
| Open the current prompt in an external editor. | `Ctrl + X` |
| Paste from the clipboard. | `Ctrl + V`<br />`Cmd + V` |
#### App Controls
| Action | Keys |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------- |
| Toggle detailed error information. | `F12` |
| Toggle the full TODO list. | `Ctrl + T` |
| Show IDE context details. | `Ctrl + G` |
| Toggle Markdown rendering. | `Alt + M` |
| Toggle copy mode when in alternate buffer mode. | `Ctrl + S` |
| Toggle YOLO (auto-approval) mode for tool calls. | `Ctrl + Y` |
| Cycle through approval modes: default (prompt), auto_edit (auto-approve edits), and plan (read-only). | `Shift + Tab` |
| Expand and collapse blocks of content when not in alternate buffer mode. | `Ctrl + O` |
| Expand or collapse a paste placeholder when cursor is over placeholder. | `Ctrl + O` |
| Toggle current background shell visibility. | `Ctrl + B` |
| Toggle background shell list. | `Ctrl + L` |
| Kill the active background shell. | `Ctrl + K` |
| Confirm selection in background shell list. | `Enter` |
| Dismiss background shell list. | `Esc` |
| Move focus from background shell to Gemini. | `Shift + Tab` |
| Move focus from background shell list to Gemini. | `Tab (no Shift)` |
| Show warning when trying to move focus away from background shell. | `Tab (no Shift)` |
| Show warning when trying to move focus away from shell input. | `Tab (no Shift)` |
| Move focus from Gemini to the active shell. | `Tab (no Shift)` |
| Move focus from the shell back to Gemini. | `Shift + Tab` |
| Clear the terminal screen and redraw the UI. | `Ctrl + L` |
| Restart the application. | `R` |
| Suspend the CLI and move it to the background. | `Ctrl + Z` |
| Action | Keys |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ---------------- |
| Toggle detailed error information. | `F12` |
| Toggle the full TODO list. | `Ctrl + T` |
| Show IDE context details. | `Ctrl + G` |
| Toggle Markdown rendering. | `Cmd + M` |
| Toggle copy mode when in alternate buffer mode. | `Ctrl + S` |
| Toggle YOLO (auto-approval) mode for tool calls. | `Ctrl + Y` |
| Toggle Auto Edit (auto-accept edits) mode. | `Shift + Tab` |
| Expand a height-constrained response to show additional lines when not in alternate buffer mode. | `Ctrl + S` |
| Focus the shell input from the gemini input. | `Tab (no Shift)` |
| Focus the Gemini input from the shell input. | `Tab` |
| Clear the terminal screen and redraw the UI. | `Ctrl + L` |
| Restart the application. | `R` |
<!-- KEYBINDINGS-AUTOGEN:END -->
@@ -129,25 +115,10 @@ available combinations.
- `Option+B/F/M` (macOS only): Are interpreted as `Cmd+B/F/M` even if your
terminal isn't configured to send Meta with Option.
- `!` on an empty prompt: Enter or exit shell mode.
- `?` on an empty prompt: Toggle the shortcuts panel above the input. Press
`Esc`, `Backspace`, any printable key, or a registered app hotkey to close it.
The panel also auto-hides while the agent is running/streaming or when
action-required dialogs are shown. Press `?` again to close the panel and
insert a `?` into the prompt.
- `Tab` + `Tab` (while typing in the prompt): Toggle between minimal and full UI
details when no completion/search interaction is active. The selected mode is
remembered for future sessions. Full UI remains the default on first run, and
single `Tab` keeps its existing completion/focus behavior.
- `Shift + Tab` (while typing in the prompt): Cycle approval modes.
- `\` (at end of a line) + `Enter`: Insert a newline without leaving single-line
mode.
- `Esc` pressed twice quickly: Clear the input prompt if it is not empty,
otherwise browse and rewind previous interactions.
- `Esc` pressed twice quickly: Browse and rewind previous interactions.
- `Up Arrow` / `Down Arrow`: When the cursor is at the top or bottom of a
single-line input, navigate backward or forward through prompt history.
- `Number keys (1-9, multi-digit)` inside selection dialogs: Jump directly to
the numbered radio option and confirm when the full number is entered.
- `Ctrl + O`: Expand or collapse paste placeholders (`[Pasted Text: X lines]`)
inline when the cursor is over the placeholder.
- `Double-click` on a paste placeholder (alternate buffer mode only): Expand to
view full content inline. Double-click again to collapse.
-5
View File
@@ -17,11 +17,6 @@ policies.
may prompt you to switch to a fallback model (by default always prompts
you).
Some internal utility calls (such as prompt completion and classification)
use a silent fallback chain for `gemini-2.5-flash-lite` and will fall back
to `gemini-2.5-flash` and `gemini-2.5-pro` without prompting or changing the
configured model.
3. **Model switch:** If approved, or if the policy allows for silent fallback,
the CLI will use an available fallback model for the current turn or the
remainder of the session.
-186
View File
@@ -1,186 +0,0 @@
# Plan Mode (experimental)
Plan Mode is a safe, read-only mode for researching and designing complex
changes. It prevents modifications while you research, design and plan an
implementation strategy.
> **Note: Plan Mode is currently an experimental feature.**
>
> Experimental features are subject to change. To use Plan Mode, enable it via
> `/settings` (search for `Plan`) or add the following to your `settings.json`:
>
> ```json
> {
> "experimental": {
> "plan": true
> }
> }
> ```
>
> Your feedback is invaluable as we refine this feature. If you have ideas,
> suggestions, or encounter issues:
>
> - Use the `/bug` command within the CLI to file an issue.
> - [Open an issue](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/issues) on
> GitHub.
- [Starting in Plan Mode](#starting-in-plan-mode)
- [How to use Plan Mode](#how-to-use-plan-mode)
- [Entering Plan Mode](#entering-plan-mode)
- [The Planning Workflow](#the-planning-workflow)
- [Exiting Plan Mode](#exiting-plan-mode)
- [Tool Restrictions](#tool-restrictions)
- [Customizing Planning with Skills](#customizing-planning-with-skills)
- [Customizing Policies](#customizing-policies)
## Starting in Plan Mode
You can configure Gemini CLI to start directly in Plan Mode by default:
1. Type `/settings` in the CLI.
2. Search for `Default Approval Mode`.
3. Set the value to `Plan`.
Other ways to start in Plan Mode:
- **CLI Flag:** `gemini --approval-mode=plan`
- **Manual Settings:** Manually update your `settings.json`:
```json
{
"general": {
"defaultApprovalMode": "plan"
}
}
```
## How to use Plan Mode
### Entering Plan Mode
You can enter Plan Mode in three ways:
1. **Keyboard Shortcut:** Press `Shift+Tab` to cycle through approval modes
(`Default` -> `Auto-Edit` -> `Plan`).
2. **Command:** Type `/plan` in the input box.
3. **Natural Language:** Ask the agent to "start a plan for...". The agent will
then call the [`enter_plan_mode`] tool to switch modes.
### The Planning Workflow
1. **Requirements:** The agent clarifies goals using [`ask_user`].
2. **Exploration:** The agent uses read-only tools (like [`read_file`]) to map
the codebase and validate assumptions.
3. **Design:** The agent proposes alternative approaches with a recommended
solution for you to choose from.
4. **Planning:** A detailed plan is written to a temporary Markdown file.
5. **Review:** You review the plan.
- **Approve:** Exit Plan Mode and start implementation (switching to
Auto-Edit or Default approval mode).
- **Iterate:** Provide feedback to refine the plan.
### Exiting Plan Mode
To exit Plan Mode:
1. **Keyboard Shortcut:** Press `Shift+Tab` to cycle to the desired mode.
2. **Tool:** The agent calls the [`exit_plan_mode`] tool to present the
finalized plan for your approval.
## Tool Restrictions
Plan Mode enforces strict safety policies to prevent accidental changes.
These are the only allowed tools:
- **FileSystem (Read):** [`read_file`], [`list_directory`], [`glob`]
- **Search:** [`grep_search`], [`google_web_search`]
- **Interaction:** [`ask_user`]
- **MCP Tools (Read):** Read-only [MCP tools] (e.g., `github_read_issue`,
`postgres_read_schema`) are allowed.
- **Planning (Write):** [`write_file`] and [`replace`] ONLY allowed for `.md`
files in the `~/.gemini/tmp/<project>/<session-id>/plans/` directory.
- **Skills:** [`activate_skill`] (allows loading specialized instructions and
resources in a read-only manner)
### Customizing Planning with Skills
You can leverage [Agent Skills](./skills.md) to customize how Gemini CLI
approaches planning for specific types of tasks. When a skill is activated
during Plan Mode, its specialized instructions and procedural workflows will
guide the research and design phases.
For example:
- A **"Database Migration"** skill could ensure the plan includes data safety
checks and rollback strategies.
- A **"Security Audit"** skill could prompt the agent to look for specific
vulnerabilities during codebase exploration.
- A **"Frontend Design"** skill could guide the agent to use specific UI
components and accessibility standards in its proposal.
To use a skill in Plan Mode, you can explicitly ask the agent to "use the
[skill-name] skill to plan..." or the agent may autonomously activate it based
on the task description.
### Customizing Policies
Plan Mode is designed to be read-only by default to ensure safety during the
research phase. However, you may occasionally need to allow specific tools to
assist in your planning.
Because user policies (Tier 2) have a higher base priority than built-in
policies (Tier 1), you can override Plan Mode's default restrictions by creating
a rule in your `~/.gemini/policies/` directory.
#### Example: Allow `git status` and `git diff` in Plan Mode
This rule allows you to check the repository status and see changes while in
Plan Mode.
`~/.gemini/policies/git-research.toml`
```toml
[[rule]]
toolName = "run_shell_command"
commandPrefix = ["git status", "git diff"]
decision = "allow"
priority = 100
modes = ["plan"]
```
#### Example: Enable research sub-agents in Plan Mode
You can enable [experimental research sub-agents] like `codebase_investigator`
to help gather architecture details during the planning phase.
`~/.gemini/policies/research-subagents.toml`
```toml
[[rule]]
toolName = "codebase_investigator"
decision = "allow"
priority = 100
modes = ["plan"]
```
Tell the agent it can use these tools in your prompt, for example: _"You can
check ongoing changes in git."_
For more information on how the policy engine works, see the [Policy Engine
Guide].
[`list_directory`]: /docs/tools/file-system.md#1-list_directory-readfolder
[`read_file`]: /docs/tools/file-system.md#2-read_file-readfile
[`grep_search`]: /docs/tools/file-system.md#5-grep_search-searchtext
[`write_file`]: /docs/tools/file-system.md#3-write_file-writefile
[`glob`]: /docs/tools/file-system.md#4-glob-findfiles
[`google_web_search`]: /docs/tools/web-search.md
[`replace`]: /docs/tools/file-system.md#6-replace-edit
[MCP tools]: /docs/tools/mcp-server.md
[`activate_skill`]: /docs/cli/skills.md
[experimental research sub-agents]: /docs/core/subagents.md
[Policy Engine Guide]: /docs/core/policy-engine.md
[`enter_plan_mode`]: /docs/tools/planning.md#1-enter_plan_mode-enterplanmode
[`exit_plan_mode`]: /docs/tools/planning.md#2-exit_plan_mode-exitplanmode
[`ask_user`]: /docs/tools/ask-user.md
-51
View File
@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
# Rewind
The `/rewind` command lets you go back to a previous state in your conversation
and, optionally, revert any file changes made by the AI during those
interactions. This is a powerful tool for undoing mistakes, exploring different
approaches, or simply cleaning up your session history.
## Usage
To use the rewind feature, simply type `/rewind` into the input prompt and press
**Enter**.
Alternatively, you can use the keyboard shortcut: **Press `Esc` twice**.
## Interface
When you trigger a rewind, an interactive list of your previous interactions
appears.
1. **Select interaction:** Use the **Up/Down arrow keys** to navigate through
the list. The most recent interactions are at the bottom.
2. **Preview:** As you select an interaction, you'll see a preview of the user
prompt and, if applicable, the number of files changed during that step.
3. **Confirm selection:** Press **Enter** on the interaction you want to rewind
back to.
4. **Action selection:** After selecting an interaction, you'll be presented
with a confirmation dialog with up to three options:
- **Rewind conversation and revert code changes:** Reverts both the chat
history and the file modifications to the state before the selected
interaction.
- **Rewind conversation:** Only reverts the chat history. File changes are
kept.
- **Revert code changes:** Only reverts the file modifications. The chat
history is kept.
- **Do nothing (esc):** Cancels the rewind operation.
If no code changes were made since the selected point, the options related to
reverting code changes will be hidden.
## Key considerations
- **Destructive action:** Rewinding is a destructive action for your current
session history and potentially your files. Use it with care.
- **Agent awareness:** When you rewind the conversation, the AI model loses all
memory of the interactions that were removed. If you only revert code changes,
you may need to inform the model that the files have changed.
- **Manual edits:** Rewinding only affects file changes made by the AI's edit
tools. It does **not** undo manual edits you've made or changes triggered by
the shell tool (`!`).
- **Compression:** Rewind works across chat compression points by reconstructing
the history from stored session data.
+2 -3
View File
@@ -82,11 +82,10 @@ gemini -p "run the test suite"
Built-in profiles (set via `SEATBELT_PROFILE` env var):
- `permissive-open` (default): Write restrictions, network allowed
- `permissive-closed`: Write restrictions, no network
- `permissive-proxied`: Write restrictions, network via proxy
- `restrictive-open`: Strict restrictions, network allowed
- `restrictive-proxied`: Strict restrictions, network via proxy
- `strict-open`: Read and write restrictions, network allowed
- `strict-proxied`: Read and write restrictions, network via proxy
- `restrictive-closed`: Maximum restrictions
### Custom sandbox flags
+44 -61
View File
@@ -1,36 +1,32 @@
# Session management
# Session Management
Session management saves your conversation history so you can resume your work
where you left off. Use these features to review past interactions, manage
history across different projects, and configure how long data is retained.
Gemini CLI includes robust session management features that automatically save
your conversation history. This allows you to interrupt your work and resume
exactly where you left off, review past interactions, and manage your
conversation history effectively.
## Automatic saving
## Automatic Saving
Your session history is recorded automatically as you interact with the model.
This background process ensures your work is preserved even if you interrupt a
session.
Every time you interact with Gemini CLI, your session is automatically saved.
This happens in the background without any manual intervention.
- **What is saved:** The complete conversation history, including:
- Your prompts and the model's responses.
- All tool executions (inputs and outputs).
- Token usage statistics (input, output, cached, etc.).
- Assistant thoughts and reasoning summaries (when available).
- **Location:** Sessions are stored in `~/.gemini/tmp/<project_hash>/chats/`,
where `<project_hash>` is a unique identifier based on your project's root
directory.
- Token usage statistics (input/output/cached, etc.).
- Assistant thoughts/reasoning summaries (when available).
- **Location:** Sessions are stored in `~/.gemini/tmp/<project_hash>/chats/`.
- **Scope:** Sessions are project-specific. Switching directories to a different
project switches to that project's session history.
project will switch to that project's session history.
## Resuming sessions
## Resuming Sessions
You can resume a previous session to continue the conversation with all prior
context restored. Resuming is supported both through command-line flags and an
interactive browser.
context restored.
### From the command line
### From the Command Line
When starting Gemini CLI, use the `--resume` (or `-r`) flag to load existing
sessions.
When starting the CLI, you can use the `--resume` (or `-r`) flag:
- **Resume latest:**
@@ -40,8 +36,8 @@ sessions.
This immediately loads the most recent session.
- **Resume by index:** List available sessions first (see
[Listing sessions](#listing-sessions)), then use the index number:
- **Resume by index:** First, list available sessions (see
[Listing Sessions](#listing-sessions)), then use the index number:
```bash
gemini --resume 1
@@ -52,35 +48,30 @@ sessions.
gemini --resume a1b2c3d4-e5f6-7890-abcd-ef1234567890
```
### From the interactive interface
### From the Interactive Interface
While the CLI is running, use the `/resume` slash command to open the **Session
Browser**:
While the CLI is running, you can use the `/resume` slash command to open the
**Session Browser**:
```text
/resume
```
The Session Browser provides an interactive interface where you can perform the
following actions:
This opens an interactive interface where you can:
- **Browse:** Scroll through a list of your past sessions.
- **Preview:** See details like the session date, message count, and the first
user prompt.
- **Search:** Press `/` to enter search mode, then type to filter sessions by ID
or content.
- **Select:** Press **Enter** to resume the selected session.
- **Esc:** Press **Esc** to exit the Session Browser.
- **Select:** Press `Enter` to resume the selected session.
## Managing sessions
## Managing Sessions
You can list and delete sessions to keep your history organized and manage disk
space.
### Listing sessions
### Listing Sessions
To see a list of all available sessions for the current project from the command
line, use the `--list-sessions` flag:
line:
```bash
gemini --list-sessions
@@ -96,12 +87,12 @@ Available sessions for this project (3):
3. Update documentation (Just now) [abcd1234]
```
### Deleting sessions
### Deleting Sessions
You can remove old or unwanted sessions to free up space or declutter your
history.
**From the command line:** Use the `--delete-session` flag with an index or ID:
**From the Command Line:** Use the `--delete-session` flag with an index or ID:
```bash
gemini --delete-session 2
@@ -111,18 +102,17 @@ gemini --delete-session 2
1. Open the browser with `/resume`.
2. Navigate to the session you want to remove.
3. Press **x**.
3. Press `x`.
## Configuration
You can configure how Gemini CLI manages your session history in your
`settings.json` file. These settings let you control retention policies and
session lengths.
`settings.json` file.
### Session retention
### Session Retention
To prevent your history from growing indefinitely, enable automatic cleanup
policies in your settings.
To prevent your history from growing indefinitely, you can enable automatic
cleanup policies.
```json
{
@@ -136,20 +126,20 @@ policies in your settings.
}
```
- **`enabled`**: (boolean) Master switch for session cleanup. Defaults to
- **`enabled`**: (boolean) Master switch for session cleanup. Default is
`false`.
- **`maxAge`**: (string) Duration to keep sessions (for example, "24h", "7d",
"4w"). Sessions older than this are deleted.
- **`maxAge`**: (string) Duration to keep sessions (e.g., "24h", "7d", "4w").
Sessions older than this will be deleted.
- **`maxCount`**: (number) Maximum number of sessions to retain. The oldest
sessions exceeding this count are deleted.
sessions exceeding this count will be deleted.
- **`minRetention`**: (string) Minimum retention period (safety limit). Defaults
to `"1d"`. Sessions newer than this period are never deleted by automatic
to `"1d"`; sessions newer than this period are never deleted by automatic
cleanup.
### Session limits
### Session Limits
You can limit the length of individual sessions to prevent context windows from
becoming too large and expensive.
You can also limit the length of individual sessions to prevent context windows
from becoming too large and expensive.
```json
{
@@ -159,17 +149,10 @@ becoming too large and expensive.
}
```
- **`maxSessionTurns`**: (number) The maximum number of turns (user and model
- **`maxSessionTurns`**: (number) The maximum number of turns (user + model
exchanges) allowed in a single session. Set to `-1` for unlimited (default).
**Behavior when limit is reached:**
- **Interactive mode:** The CLI shows an informational message and stops
- **Interactive Mode:** The CLI shows an informational message and stops
sending requests to the model. You must manually start a new session.
- **Non-interactive mode:** The CLI exits with an error.
## Next steps
- Explore the [Memory tool](../tools/memory.md) to save persistent information
across sessions.
- Learn how to [Checkpoint](./checkpointing.md) your session state.
- Check out the [CLI reference](./cli-reference.md) for all command-line flags.
- **Non-Interactive Mode:** The CLI exits with an error.
+68 -85
View File
@@ -22,15 +22,14 @@ they appear in the UI.
### General
| UI Label | Setting | Description | Default |
| ------------------------ | ---------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ----------- |
| Vim Mode | `general.vimMode` | Enable Vim keybindings | `false` |
| Default Approval Mode | `general.defaultApprovalMode` | The default approval mode for tool execution. 'default' prompts for approval, 'auto_edit' auto-approves edit tools, and 'plan' is read-only mode. 'yolo' is not supported yet. | `"default"` |
| Enable Auto Update | `general.enableAutoUpdate` | Enable automatic updates. | `true` |
| Enable Prompt Completion | `general.enablePromptCompletion` | Enable AI-powered prompt completion suggestions while typing. | `false` |
| Debug Keystroke Logging | `general.debugKeystrokeLogging` | Enable debug logging of keystrokes to the console. | `false` |
| Enable Session Cleanup | `general.sessionRetention.enabled` | Enable automatic session cleanup | `false` |
| Keep chat history | `general.sessionRetention.maxAge` | Automatically delete chats older than this time period (e.g., "30d", "7d", "24h", "1w") | `undefined` |
| UI Label | Setting | Description | Default |
| ------------------------------- | ---------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------- | ------- |
| Preview Features (e.g., models) | `general.previewFeatures` | Enable preview features (e.g., preview models). | `false` |
| Vim Mode | `general.vimMode` | Enable Vim keybindings | `false` |
| Enable Auto Update | `general.enableAutoUpdate` | Enable automatic updates. | `true` |
| Enable Prompt Completion | `general.enablePromptCompletion` | Enable AI-powered prompt completion suggestions while typing. | `false` |
| Debug Keystroke Logging | `general.debugKeystrokeLogging` | Enable debug logging of keystrokes to the console. | `false` |
| Enable Session Cleanup | `general.sessionRetention.enabled` | Enable automatic session cleanup | `false` |
### Output
@@ -40,35 +39,29 @@ they appear in the UI.
### UI
| UI Label | Setting | Description | Default |
| ------------------------------------ | --------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------- |
| Auto Theme Switching | `ui.autoThemeSwitching` | Automatically switch between default light and dark themes based on terminal background color. | `true` |
| Terminal Background Polling Interval | `ui.terminalBackgroundPollingInterval` | Interval in seconds to poll the terminal background color. | `60` |
| Hide Window Title | `ui.hideWindowTitle` | Hide the window title bar | `false` |
| Inline Thinking | `ui.inlineThinkingMode` | Display model thinking inline: off or full. | `"off"` |
| Show Thoughts in Title | `ui.showStatusInTitle` | Show Gemini CLI model thoughts in the terminal window title during the working phase | `false` |
| Dynamic Window Title | `ui.dynamicWindowTitle` | Update the terminal window title with current status icons (Ready: ◇, Action Required: ✋, Working: ✦) | `true` |
| Show Home Directory Warning | `ui.showHomeDirectoryWarning` | Show a warning when running Gemini CLI in the home directory. | `true` |
| Hide Tips | `ui.hideTips` | Hide helpful tips in the UI | `false` |
| Show Shortcuts Hint | `ui.showShortcutsHint` | Show the "? for shortcuts" hint above the input. | `true` |
| Hide Banner | `ui.hideBanner` | Hide the application banner | `false` |
| Hide Context Summary | `ui.hideContextSummary` | Hide the context summary (GEMINI.md, MCP servers) above the input. | `false` |
| Hide CWD | `ui.footer.hideCWD` | Hide the current working directory path in the footer. | `false` |
| Hide Sandbox Status | `ui.footer.hideSandboxStatus` | Hide the sandbox status indicator in the footer. | `false` |
| Hide Model Info | `ui.footer.hideModelInfo` | Hide the model name and context usage in the footer. | `false` |
| Hide Context Window Percentage | `ui.footer.hideContextPercentage` | Hides the context window remaining percentage. | `true` |
| Hide Footer | `ui.hideFooter` | Hide the footer from the UI | `false` |
| Show Memory Usage | `ui.showMemoryUsage` | Display memory usage information in the UI | `false` |
| Show Line Numbers | `ui.showLineNumbers` | Show line numbers in the chat. | `true` |
| Show Citations | `ui.showCitations` | Show citations for generated text in the chat. | `false` |
| Show Model Info In Chat | `ui.showModelInfoInChat` | Show the model name in the chat for each model turn. | `false` |
| Show User Identity | `ui.showUserIdentity` | Show the logged-in user's identity (e.g. email) in the UI. | `true` |
| Use Alternate Screen Buffer | `ui.useAlternateBuffer` | Use an alternate screen buffer for the UI, preserving shell history. | `false` |
| Use Background Color | `ui.useBackgroundColor` | Whether to use background colors in the UI. | `true` |
| Incremental Rendering | `ui.incrementalRendering` | Enable incremental rendering for the UI. This option will reduce flickering but may cause rendering artifacts. Only supported when useAlternateBuffer is enabled. | `true` |
| Show Spinner | `ui.showSpinner` | Show the spinner during operations. | `true` |
| Enable Loading Phrases | `ui.accessibility.enableLoadingPhrases` | Enable loading phrases during operations. | `true` |
| Screen Reader Mode | `ui.accessibility.screenReader` | Render output in plain-text to be more screen reader accessible | `false` |
| UI Label | Setting | Description | Default |
| ------------------------------ | --------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------- |
| Hide Window Title | `ui.hideWindowTitle` | Hide the window title bar | `false` |
| Show Thoughts in Title | `ui.showStatusInTitle` | Show Gemini CLI model thoughts in the terminal window title during the working phase | `false` |
| Dynamic Window Title | `ui.dynamicWindowTitle` | Update the terminal window title with current status icons (Ready: ◇, Action Required: ✋, Working: ✦) | `true` |
| Show Home Directory Warning | `ui.showHomeDirectoryWarning` | Show a warning when running Gemini CLI in the home directory. | `true` |
| Hide Tips | `ui.hideTips` | Hide helpful tips in the UI | `false` |
| Hide Banner | `ui.hideBanner` | Hide the application banner | `false` |
| Hide Context Summary | `ui.hideContextSummary` | Hide the context summary (GEMINI.md, MCP servers) above the input. | `false` |
| Hide CWD | `ui.footer.hideCWD` | Hide the current working directory path in the footer. | `false` |
| Hide Sandbox Status | `ui.footer.hideSandboxStatus` | Hide the sandbox status indicator in the footer. | `false` |
| Hide Model Info | `ui.footer.hideModelInfo` | Hide the model name and context usage in the footer. | `false` |
| Hide Context Window Percentage | `ui.footer.hideContextPercentage` | Hides the context window remaining percentage. | `true` |
| Hide Footer | `ui.hideFooter` | Hide the footer from the UI | `false` |
| Show Memory Usage | `ui.showMemoryUsage` | Display memory usage information in the UI | `false` |
| Show Line Numbers | `ui.showLineNumbers` | Show line numbers in the chat. | `true` |
| Show Citations | `ui.showCitations` | Show citations for generated text in the chat. | `false` |
| Show Model Info In Chat | `ui.showModelInfoInChat` | Show the model name in the chat for each model turn. | `false` |
| Use Full Width | `ui.useFullWidth` | Use the entire width of the terminal for output. | `true` |
| Use Alternate Screen Buffer | `ui.useAlternateBuffer` | Use an alternate screen buffer for the UI, preserving shell history. | `false` |
| Incremental Rendering | `ui.incrementalRendering` | Enable incremental rendering for the UI. This option will reduce flickering but may cause rendering artifacts. Only supported when useAlternateBuffer is enabled. | `true` |
| Enable Loading Phrases | `ui.accessibility.enableLoadingPhrases` | Enable loading phrases during operations. | `true` |
| Screen Reader Mode | `ui.accessibility.screenReader` | Render output in plain-text to be more screen reader accessible | `false` |
### IDE
@@ -82,67 +75,57 @@ they appear in the UI.
| ----------------------- | ---------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------- |
| Max Session Turns | `model.maxSessionTurns` | Maximum number of user/model/tool turns to keep in a session. -1 means unlimited. | `-1` |
| Compression Threshold | `model.compressionThreshold` | The fraction of context usage at which to trigger context compression (e.g. 0.2, 0.3). | `0.5` |
| Disable Loop Detection | `model.disableLoopDetection` | Disable automatic detection and prevention of infinite loops. | `false` |
| Skip Next Speaker Check | `model.skipNextSpeakerCheck` | Skip the next speaker check. | `true` |
### Context
| UI Label | Setting | Description | Default |
| ------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------- |
| Memory Discovery Max Dirs | `context.discoveryMaxDirs` | Maximum number of directories to search for memory. | `200` |
| Load Memory From Include Directories | `context.loadMemoryFromIncludeDirectories` | Controls how /memory refresh loads GEMINI.md files. When true, include directories are scanned; when false, only the current directory is used. | `false` |
| Respect .gitignore | `context.fileFiltering.respectGitIgnore` | Respect .gitignore files when searching. | `true` |
| Respect .geminiignore | `context.fileFiltering.respectGeminiIgnore` | Respect .geminiignore files when searching. | `true` |
| Enable Recursive File Search | `context.fileFiltering.enableRecursiveFileSearch` | Enable recursive file search functionality when completing @ references in the prompt. | `true` |
| Enable Fuzzy Search | `context.fileFiltering.enableFuzzySearch` | Enable fuzzy search when searching for files. | `true` |
| Custom Ignore File Paths | `context.fileFiltering.customIgnoreFilePaths` | Additional ignore file paths to respect. These files take precedence over .geminiignore and .gitignore. Files earlier in the array take precedence over files later in the array, e.g. the first file takes precedence over the second one. | `[]` |
| UI Label | Setting | Description | Default |
| ------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------- |
| Memory Discovery Max Dirs | `context.discoveryMaxDirs` | Maximum number of directories to search for memory. | `200` |
| Load Memory From Include Directories | `context.loadMemoryFromIncludeDirectories` | Controls how /memory refresh loads GEMINI.md files. When true, include directories are scanned; when false, only the current directory is used. | `false` |
| Respect .gitignore | `context.fileFiltering.respectGitIgnore` | Respect .gitignore files when searching. | `true` |
| Respect .geminiignore | `context.fileFiltering.respectGeminiIgnore` | Respect .geminiignore files when searching. | `true` |
| Enable Recursive File Search | `context.fileFiltering.enableRecursiveFileSearch` | Enable recursive file search functionality when completing @ references in the prompt. | `true` |
| Enable Fuzzy Search | `context.fileFiltering.enableFuzzySearch` | Enable fuzzy search when searching for files. | `true` |
### Tools
| UI Label | Setting | Description | Default |
| -------------------------------- | ------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------- |
| Enable Interactive Shell | `tools.shell.enableInteractiveShell` | Use node-pty for an interactive shell experience. Fallback to child_process still applies. | `true` |
| Show Color | `tools.shell.showColor` | Show color in shell output. | `false` |
| Use Ripgrep | `tools.useRipgrep` | Use ripgrep for file content search instead of the fallback implementation. Provides faster search performance. | `true` |
| Tool Output Truncation Threshold | `tools.truncateToolOutputThreshold` | Maximum characters to show when truncating large tool outputs. Set to 0 or negative to disable truncation. | `40000` |
| Disable LLM Correction | `tools.disableLLMCorrection` | Disable LLM-based error correction for edit tools. When enabled, tools will fail immediately if exact string matches are not found, instead of attempting to self-correct. | `true` |
| UI Label | Setting | Description | Default |
| -------------------------------- | ------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------- |
| Enable Interactive Shell | `tools.shell.enableInteractiveShell` | Use node-pty for an interactive shell experience. Fallback to child_process still applies. | `true` |
| Show Color | `tools.shell.showColor` | Show color in shell output. | `false` |
| Auto Accept | `tools.autoAccept` | Automatically accept and execute tool calls that are considered safe (e.g., read-only operations). | `false` |
| Use Ripgrep | `tools.useRipgrep` | Use ripgrep for file content search instead of the fallback implementation. Provides faster search performance. | `true` |
| Enable Tool Output Truncation | `tools.enableToolOutputTruncation` | Enable truncation of large tool outputs. | `true` |
| Tool Output Truncation Threshold | `tools.truncateToolOutputThreshold` | Truncate tool output if it is larger than this many characters. Set to -1 to disable. | `4000000` |
| Tool Output Truncation Lines | `tools.truncateToolOutputLines` | The number of lines to keep when truncating tool output. | `1000` |
| Disable LLM Correction | `tools.disableLLMCorrection` | Disable LLM-based error correction for edit tools. When enabled, tools will fail immediately if exact string matches are not found, instead of attempting to self-correct. | `false` |
### Security
| UI Label | Setting | Description | Default |
| ------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------- |
| Disable YOLO Mode | `security.disableYoloMode` | Disable YOLO mode, even if enabled by a flag. | `false` |
| Allow Permanent Tool Approval | `security.enablePermanentToolApproval` | Enable the "Allow for all future sessions" option in tool confirmation dialogs. | `false` |
| Blocks extensions from Git | `security.blockGitExtensions` | Blocks installing and loading extensions from Git. | `false` |
| Extension Source Regex Allowlist | `security.allowedExtensions` | List of Regex patterns for allowed extensions. If nonempty, only extensions that match the patterns in this list are allowed. Overrides the blockGitExtensions setting. | `[]` |
| Folder Trust | `security.folderTrust.enabled` | Setting to track whether Folder trust is enabled. | `true` |
| Enable Environment Variable Redaction | `security.environmentVariableRedaction.enabled` | Enable redaction of environment variables that may contain secrets. | `false` |
### Advanced
| UI Label | Setting | Description | Default |
| --------------------------------- | ------------------------------ | --------------------------------------------- | ------- |
| Auto Configure Max Old Space Size | `advanced.autoConfigureMemory` | Automatically configure Node.js memory limits | `false` |
| UI Label | Setting | Description | Default |
| ------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------- |
| Disable YOLO Mode | `security.disableYoloMode` | Disable YOLO mode, even if enabled by a flag. | `false` |
| Allow Permanent Tool Approval | `security.enablePermanentToolApproval` | Enable the "Allow for all future sessions" option in tool confirmation dialogs. | `false` |
| Blocks extensions from Git | `security.blockGitExtensions` | Blocks installing and loading extensions from Git. | `false` |
| Folder Trust | `security.folderTrust.enabled` | Setting to track whether Folder trust is enabled. | `false` |
| Enable Environment Variable Redaction | `security.environmentVariableRedaction.enabled` | Enable redaction of environment variables that may contain secrets. | `false` |
### Experimental
| UI Label | Setting | Description | Default |
| -------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------- |
| Enable Tool Output Masking | `experimental.toolOutputMasking.enabled` | Enables tool output masking to save tokens. | `true` |
| Use OSC 52 Paste | `experimental.useOSC52Paste` | Use OSC 52 sequence for pasting instead of clipboardy (useful for remote sessions). | `false` |
| Plan | `experimental.plan` | Enable planning features (Plan Mode and tools). | `false` |
| UI Label | Setting | Description | Default |
| ----------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------- |
| Agent Skills | `experimental.skills` | Enable Agent Skills (experimental). | `false` |
| Enable Codebase Investigator | `experimental.codebaseInvestigatorSettings.enabled` | Enable the Codebase Investigator agent. | `true` |
| Codebase Investigator Max Num Turns | `experimental.codebaseInvestigatorSettings.maxNumTurns` | Maximum number of turns for the Codebase Investigator agent. | `10` |
| Use OSC 52 Paste | `experimental.useOSC52Paste` | Use OSC 52 sequence for pasting instead of clipboardy (useful for remote sessions). | `false` |
| Enable CLI Help Agent | `experimental.cliHelpAgentSettings.enabled` | Enable the CLI Help Agent. | `true` |
| Plan | `experimental.plan` | Enable planning features (Plan Mode and tools). | `false` |
### Skills
### Hooks
| UI Label | Setting | Description | Default |
| ------------------- | ---------------- | -------------------- | ------- |
| Enable Agent Skills | `skills.enabled` | Enable Agent Skills. | `true` |
### HooksConfig
| UI Label | Setting | Description | Default |
| ------------------ | --------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------- |
| Enable Hooks | `hooksConfig.enabled` | Canonical toggle for the hooks system. When disabled, no hooks will be executed. | `true` |
| Hook Notifications | `hooksConfig.notifications` | Show visual indicators when hooks are executing. | `true` |
| UI Label | Setting | Description | Default |
| ------------------ | --------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ | ------- |
| Hook Notifications | `hooks.notifications` | Show visual indicators when hooks are executing. | `true` |
<!-- SETTINGS-AUTOGEN:END -->
+88 -34
View File
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
# Agent Skills
_Note: This is an experimental feature enabled via `experimental.skills`. You
can also search for "Skills" within the `/settings` interactive UI to toggle
this and manage other skill-related settings._
Agent Skills allow you to extend Gemini CLI with specialized expertise,
procedural workflows, and task-specific resources. Based on the
[Agent Skills](https://agentskills.io) open standard, a "skill" is a
@@ -35,22 +39,16 @@ the full instructions and resources required to complete the task using the
Gemini CLI discovers skills from three primary locations:
1. **Workspace Skills**: Located in `.gemini/skills/` or the `.agents/skills/`
alias. Workspace skills are typically committed to version control and
shared with the team.
2. **User Skills**: Located in `~/.gemini/skills/` or the `~/.agents/skills/`
alias. These are personal skills available across all your workspaces.
1. **Workspace Skills** (`.gemini/skills/`): Workspace-specific skills that are
typically committed to version control and shared with the team.
2. **User Skills** (`~/.gemini/skills/`): Personal skills available across all
your workspaces.
3. **Extension Skills**: Skills bundled within installed
[extensions](../extensions/index.md).
**Precedence:** If multiple skills share the same name, higher-precedence
locations override lower ones: **Workspace > User > Extension**.
Within the same tier (user or workspace), the `.agents/skills/` alias takes
precedence over the `.gemini/skills/` directory. This generic alias provides an
intuitive path for managing agent-specific expertise that remains compatible
across different AI agent tools.
## Managing Skills
### In an Interactive Session
@@ -58,7 +56,6 @@ across different AI agent tools.
Use the `/skills` slash command to view and manage available expertise:
- `/skills list` (default): Shows all discovered skills and their status.
- `/skills link <path>`: Links agent skills from a local directory via symlink.
- `/skills disable <name>`: Prevents a specific skill from being used.
- `/skills enable <name>`: Re-enables a disabled skill.
- `/skills reload`: Refreshes the list of discovered skills from all tiers.
@@ -74,16 +71,8 @@ The `gemini skills` command provides management utilities:
# List all discovered skills
gemini skills list
# Link agent skills from a local directory via symlink
# Discovers skills (SKILL.md or */SKILL.md) and creates symlinks in ~/.gemini/skills
# (or ~/.agents/skills)
gemini skills link /path/to/my-skills-repo
# Link to the workspace scope (.gemini/skills or .agents/skills)
gemini skills link /path/to/my-skills-repo --scope workspace
# Install a skill from a Git repository, local directory, or zipped skill file (.skill)
# Uses the user scope by default (~/.gemini/skills or ~/.agents/skills)
# Uses the user scope by default (~/.gemini/skills)
gemini skills install https://github.com/user/repo.git
gemini skills install /path/to/local/skill
gemini skills install /path/to/local/my-expertise.skill
@@ -91,7 +80,7 @@ gemini skills install /path/to/local/my-expertise.skill
# Install a specific skill from a monorepo or subdirectory using --path
gemini skills install https://github.com/my-org/my-skills.git --path skills/frontend-design
# Install to the workspace scope (.gemini/skills or .agents/skills)
# Install to the workspace scope (.gemini/skills)
gemini skills install /path/to/skill --scope workspace
# Uninstall a skill by name
@@ -104,7 +93,84 @@ gemini skills enable my-expertise
gemini skills disable my-expertise --scope workspace
```
## How it Works
## Creating a Skill
A skill is a directory containing a `SKILL.md` file at its root. This file uses
YAML frontmatter for metadata and Markdown for instructions.
### Folder Structure
Skills are self-contained directories. At a minimum, a skill requires a
`SKILL.md` file, but can include other resources:
```text
my-skill/
├── SKILL.md (Required) Instructions and metadata
├── scripts/ (Optional) Executable scripts/tools
├── references/ (Optional) Static documentation and examples
└── assets/ (Optional) Templates and binary resources
```
### Basic Structure (SKILL.md)
```markdown
---
name: <unique-name>
description: <what the skill does and when Gemini should use it>
---
<your instructions for how the agent should behave / use the skill>
```
- **`name`**: A unique identifier (lowercase, alphanumeric, and dashes).
- **`description`**: The most critical field. Gemini uses this to decide when
the skill is relevant. Be specific about the expertise provided.
- **Body**: Everything below the second `---` is injected as expert procedural
guidance for the model.
### Example: Team Code Reviewer
Create `~/.gemini/skills/code-reviewer/SKILL.md`:
```markdown
---
name: code-reviewer
description:
Expertise in reviewing code for style, security, and performance. Use when the
user asks for "feedback," a "review," or to "check" their changes.
---
# Code Reviewer
You are an expert code reviewer. When reviewing code, follow this workflow:
1. **Analyze**: Review the staged changes or specific files provided. Ensure
that the changes are scoped properly and represent minimal changes required
to address the issue.
2. **Style**: Ensure code follows the workspace's conventions and idiomatic
patterns as described in the `GEMINI.md` file.
3. **Security**: Flag any potential security vulnerabilities.
4. **Tests**: Verify that new logic has corresponding test coverage and that
the test coverage adequately validates the changes.
Provide your feedback as a concise bulleted list of "Strengths" and
"Opportunities."
```
### Resource Conventions
While you can structure your skill directory however you like, the Agent Skills
standard encourages these conventions:
- **`scripts/`**: Executable scripts (bash, python, node) the agent can run.
- **`references/`**: Static documentation, schemas, or example data for the
agent to consult.
- **`assets/`**: Code templates, boilerplate, or binary resources.
When a skill is activated, Gemini CLI provides the model with a tree view of the
entire skill directory, allowing it to discover and utilize these assets.
## How it Works (Security & Privacy)
1. **Discovery**: At the start of a session, Gemini CLI scans the discovery
tiers and injects the name and description of all enabled skills into the
@@ -120,15 +186,3 @@ gemini skills disable my-expertise --scope workspace
it permission to read any bundled assets.
5. **Execution**: The model proceeds with the specialized expertise active. It
is instructed to prioritize the skill's procedural guidance within reason.
### Skill activation
Once a skill is activated (typically by Gemini identifying a task that matches
the skill's description and your approval), its specialized instructions and
resources are loaded into the agent's context. A skill remains active and its
guidance is prioritized for the duration of the session.
## Creating your own skills
To create your own skills, see the [Create Agent Skills](./creating-skills.md)
guide.
-32
View File
@@ -56,38 +56,6 @@ error with: `missing system prompt file '<path>'`.
When `GEMINI_SYSTEM_MD` is active, the CLI shows a `|⌐■_■|` indicator in the UI
to signal custom systemprompt mode.
## Variable Substitution
When using a custom system prompt file, you can use the following variables to
dynamically include built-in content:
- `${AgentSkills}`: Injects a complete section (including header) of all
available agent skills.
- `${SubAgents}`: Injects a complete section (including header) of available
sub-agents.
- `${AvailableTools}`: Injects a bulleted list of all currently enabled tool
names.
- Tool Name Variables: Injects the actual name of a tool using the pattern:
`${toolName}_ToolName` (e.g., `${write_file_ToolName}`,
`${run_shell_command_ToolName}`).
This pattern is generated dynamically for all available tools.
### Example
```markdown
# Custom System Prompt
You are a helpful assistant. ${AgentSkills}
${SubAgents}
## Tooling
The following tools are available to you: ${AvailableTools}
You can use ${write_file_ToolName} to save logs.
```
## Export the default prompt (recommended)
Before overriding, export the current default prompt so you can review required
+4 -55
View File
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ Learn how to enable and setup OpenTelemetry for Gemini CLI.
- [Logs and metrics](#logs-and-metrics)
- [Logs](#logs)
- [Sessions](#sessions)
- [Approval Mode](#approval-mode)
- [Tools](#tools)
- [Files](#files)
- [API](#api)
@@ -275,9 +274,9 @@ For local development and debugging, you can capture telemetry data locally:
The following section describes the structure of logs and metrics generated for
Gemini CLI.
The `session.id`, `installation.id`, `active_approval_mode`, and `user.email`
(available only when authenticated with a Google account) are included as common
attributes on all logs and metrics.
The `session.id`, `installation.id`, and `user.email` (available only when
authenticated with a Google account) are included as common attributes on all
logs and metrics.
### Logs
@@ -316,31 +315,6 @@ Captures startup configuration and user prompt submissions.
- `prompt` (string; excluded if `telemetry.logPrompts` is `false`)
- `auth_type` (string)
#### Approval Mode
Tracks changes and duration of approval modes.
##### Lifecycle
- `approval_mode_switch`: Approval mode was changed.
- **Attributes**:
- `from_mode` (string)
- `to_mode` (string)
- `approval_mode_duration`: Duration spent in an approval mode.
- **Attributes**:
- `mode` (string)
- `duration_ms` (int)
##### Execution
These events track the execution of an approval mode, such as Plan Mode.
- `plan_execution`: A plan was executed and the session switched from plan mode
to active execution.
- **Attributes**:
- `approval_mode` (string)
#### Tools
Captures tool executions, output truncation, and Edit behavior.
@@ -360,21 +334,7 @@ Captures tool executions, output truncation, and Edit behavior.
- `extension_name` (string, if applicable)
- `extension_id` (string, if applicable)
- `content_length` (int, if applicable)
- `metadata` (if applicable), which includes for the `AskUser` tool:
- `ask_user` (object):
- `question_types` (array of strings)
- `ask_user_dismissed` (boolean)
- `ask_user_empty_submission` (boolean)
- `ask_user_answer_count` (number)
- `diffStat` (if applicable), which includes:
- `model_added_lines` (number)
- `model_removed_lines` (number)
- `model_added_chars` (number)
- `model_removed_chars` (number)
- `user_added_lines` (number)
- `user_removed_lines` (number)
- `user_added_chars` (number)
- `user_removed_chars` (number)
- `metadata` (if applicable)
- `gemini_cli.tool_output_truncated`: Output of a tool call was truncated.
- **Attributes**:
@@ -735,17 +695,6 @@ Agent lifecycle metrics: runs, durations, and turns.
- **Attributes**:
- `agent_name` (string)
##### Approval Mode
###### Execution
These metrics track the adoption and usage of specific approval workflows, such
as Plan Mode.
- `gemini_cli.plan.execution.count` (Counter, Int): Counts plan executions.
- **Attributes**:
- `approval_mode` (string)
##### UI
UI stability signals such as flicker count.
+50 -84
View File
@@ -16,14 +16,12 @@ using the `/theme` command within Gemini CLI:
- `Default`
- `Dracula`
- `GitHub`
- `Solarized Dark`
- **Light themes:**
- `ANSI Light`
- `Ayu Light`
- `Default Light`
- `GitHub Light`
- `Google Code`
- `Solarized Light`
- `Xcode`
### Changing themes
@@ -48,15 +46,15 @@ remembered across sessions.
## Custom color themes
Gemini CLI lets you create your own custom color themes by specifying them in
your `settings.json` file. This gives you full control over the color palette
Gemini CLI allows you to create your own custom color themes by specifying them
in your `settings.json` file. This gives you full control over the color palette
used in the CLI.
### How to define a custom theme
Add a `customThemes` block to your user, project, or system `settings.json`
file. Each custom theme is defined as an object with a unique name and a set of
nested configuration objects. For example:
color keys. For example:
```json
{
@@ -65,52 +63,50 @@ nested configuration objects. For example:
"MyCustomTheme": {
"name": "MyCustomTheme",
"type": "custom",
"background": {
"primary": "#181818"
},
"text": {
"primary": "#f0f0f0",
"secondary": "#a0a0a0"
}
"Background": "#181818",
...
}
}
}
}
```
**Configuration objects:**
**Color keys:**
- **`text`**: Defines text colors.
- `primary`: The default text color.
- `secondary`: Used for less prominent text.
- `link`: Color for URLs and links.
- `accent`: Used for highlights and emphasis.
- `response`: Precedence over `primary` for rendering model responses.
- **`background`**: Defines background colors.
- `primary`: The main background color of the UI.
- `diff.added`: Background for added lines in diffs.
- `diff.removed`: Background for removed lines in diffs.
- **`border`**: Defines border colors.
- `default`: The standard border color.
- `focused`: Border color when an element is focused.
- **`status`**: Colors for status indicators.
- `success`: Used for successful operations.
- `warning`: Used for warnings.
- `error`: Used for errors.
- **`ui`**: Other UI elements.
- `comment`: Color for code comments.
- `symbol`: Color for code symbols and operators.
- `gradient`: An array of colors used for gradient effects.
- `Background`
- `Foreground`
- `LightBlue`
- `AccentBlue`
- `AccentPurple`
- `AccentCyan`
- `AccentGreen`
- `AccentYellow`
- `AccentRed`
- `Comment`
- `Gray`
- `DiffAdded` (optional, for added lines in diffs)
- `DiffRemoved` (optional, for removed lines in diffs)
You can also override individual UI text roles by adding a nested `text` object.
This object supports the keys `primary`, `secondary`, `link`, `accent`, and
`response`. When `text.response` is provided it takes precedence over
`text.primary` for rendering model responses in chat.
**Required properties:**
- `name` (must match the key in the `customThemes` object and be a string)
- `type` (must be the string `"custom"`)
While all sub-properties are technically optional, we recommend providing at
least `background.primary`, `text.primary`, `text.secondary`, and the various
accent colors via `text.link`, `text.accent`, and `status` to ensure a cohesive
UI.
- `Background`
- `Foreground`
- `LightBlue`
- `AccentBlue`
- `AccentPurple`
- `AccentCyan`
- `AccentGreen`
- `AccentYellow`
- `AccentRed`
- `Comment`
- `Gray`
You can use either hex codes (e.g., `#FF0000`) **or** standard CSS color names
(e.g., `coral`, `teal`, `blue`) for any color value. See
@@ -145,35 +141,22 @@ custom theme defined in `settings.json`.
```json
{
"name": "Gruvbox Dark",
"name": "My File Theme",
"type": "custom",
"background": {
"primary": "#282828",
"diff": {
"added": "#2b3312",
"removed": "#341212"
}
},
"text": {
"primary": "#ebdbb2",
"secondary": "#a89984",
"link": "#83a598",
"accent": "#d3869b"
},
"border": {
"default": "#3c3836",
"focused": "#458588"
},
"status": {
"success": "#b8bb26",
"warning": "#fabd2f",
"error": "#fb4934"
},
"ui": {
"comment": "#928374",
"symbol": "#8ec07c",
"gradient": ["#cc241d", "#d65d0e", "#d79921"]
}
"Background": "#282A36",
"Foreground": "#F8F8F2",
"LightBlue": "#82AAFF",
"AccentBlue": "#61AFEF",
"AccentPurple": "#BD93F9",
"AccentCyan": "#8BE9FD",
"AccentGreen": "#50FA7B",
"AccentYellow": "#F1FA8C",
"AccentRed": "#FF5555",
"Comment": "#6272A4",
"Gray": "#ABB2BF",
"DiffAdded": "#A6E3A1",
"DiffRemoved": "#F38BA8",
"GradientColors": ["#4796E4", "#847ACE", "#C3677F"]
}
```
@@ -197,15 +180,6 @@ untrusted sources.
same [configuration precedence](../get-started/configuration.md) as other
settings.
### Themes from extensions
[Extensions](../extensions/reference.md#themes) can also provide custom themes.
Once an extension is installed and enabled, its themes are automatically added
to the selection list in the `/theme` command.
Themes from extensions appear with the extension name in parentheses to help you
identify their source, for example: `shades-of-green (green-extension)`.
---
## Dark themes
@@ -234,10 +208,6 @@ identify their source, for example: `shades-of-green (green-extension)`.
<img src="/assets/theme-github.png" alt="GitHub theme" width="600">
### Solarized Dark
<img src="/assets/theme-solarized-dark.png" alt="Solarized Dark theme" width="600">
## Light themes
### ANSI Light
@@ -260,10 +230,6 @@ identify their source, for example: `shades-of-green (green-extension)`.
<img src="/assets/theme-google-light.png" alt="Google Code theme" width="600">
### Solarized Light
<img src="/assets/theme-solarized-light.png" alt="Solarized Light theme" width="600">
### Xcode
<img src="/assets/theme-xcode-light.png" alt="Xcode Light theme" width="600">
+87
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@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
# Tutorials
This page contains tutorials for interacting with Gemini CLI.
## Agent Skills
- [Getting Started with Agent Skills](./tutorials/skills-getting-started.md)
## Setting up a Model Context Protocol (MCP) server
> [!CAUTION] Before using a third-party MCP server, ensure you trust its source
> and understand the tools it provides. Your use of third-party servers is at
> your own risk.
This tutorial demonstrates how to set up an MCP server, using the
[GitHub MCP server](https://github.com/github/github-mcp-server) as an example.
The GitHub MCP server provides tools for interacting with GitHub repositories,
such as creating issues and commenting on pull requests.
### Prerequisites
Before you begin, ensure you have the following installed and configured:
- **Docker:** Install and run [Docker].
- **GitHub Personal Access Token (PAT):** Create a new [classic] or
[fine-grained] PAT with the necessary scopes.
[Docker]: https://www.docker.com/
[classic]: https://github.com/settings/tokens/new
[fine-grained]: https://github.com/settings/personal-access-tokens/new
### Guide
#### Configure the MCP server in `settings.json`
In your project's root directory, create or open the
[`.gemini/settings.json` file](../get-started/configuration.md). Within the
file, add the `mcpServers` configuration block, which provides instructions for
how to launch the GitHub MCP server.
```json
{
"mcpServers": {
"github": {
"command": "docker",
"args": [
"run",
"-i",
"--rm",
"-e",
"GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN",
"ghcr.io/github/github-mcp-server"
],
"env": {
"GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN": "${GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN}"
}
}
}
}
```
#### Set your GitHub token
> [!CAUTION] Using a broadly scoped personal access token that has access to
> personal and private repositories can lead to information from the private
> repository being leaked into the public repository. We recommend using a
> fine-grained access token that doesn't share access to both public and private
> repositories.
Use an environment variable to store your GitHub PAT:
```bash
GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN="pat_YourActualGitHubTokenHere"
```
Gemini CLI uses this value in the `mcpServers` configuration that you defined in
the `settings.json` file.
#### Launch Gemini CLI and verify the connection
When you launch Gemini CLI, it automatically reads your configuration and
launches the GitHub MCP server in the background. You can then use natural
language prompts to ask Gemini CLI to perform GitHub actions. For example:
```bash
"get all open issues assigned to me in the 'foo/bar' repo and prioritize them"
```
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@@ -1,187 +0,0 @@
# Automate tasks with headless mode
Automate tasks with Gemini CLI. Learn how to use headless mode, pipe data into
Gemini CLI, automate workflows with shell scripts, and generate structured JSON
output for other applications.
## Prerequisites
- Gemini CLI installed and authenticated.
- Familiarity with shell scripting (Bash/Zsh).
## Why headless mode?
Headless mode runs Gemini CLI once and exits. It's perfect for:
- **CI/CD:** Analyzing pull requests automatically.
- **Batch processing:** Summarizing a large number of log files.
- **Tool building:** Creating your own "AI wrapper" scripts.
## How to use headless mode
Run Gemini CLI in headless mode by providing a prompt as a positional argument.
This bypasses the interactive chat interface and prints the response to standard
output (stdout).
Run a single command:
```bash
gemini "Write a poem about TypeScript"
```
## How to pipe input to Gemini CLI
Feed data into Gemini using the standard Unix pipe `|`. Gemini reads the
standard input (stdin) as context and answers your question using standard
output.
Pipe a file:
```bash
cat error.log | gemini "Explain why this failed"
```
Pipe a command:
```bash
git diff | gemini "Write a commit message for these changes"
```
## Use Gemini CLI output in scripts
Because Gemini prints to stdout, you can chain it with other tools or save the
results to a file.
### Scenario: Bulk documentation generator
You have a folder of Python scripts and want to generate a `README.md` for each
one.
1. Save the following code as `generate_docs.sh`:
```bash
#!/bin/bash
# Loop through all Python files
for file in *.py; do
echo "Generating docs for $file..."
# Ask Gemini CLI to generate the documentation and print it to stdout
gemini "Generate a Markdown documentation summary for @$file. Print the
result to standard output." > "${file%.py}.md"
done
```
2. Make the script executable and run it in your directory:
```bash
chmod +x generate_docs.sh
./generate_docs.sh
```
This creates a corresponding Markdown file for every Python file in the
folder.
## Extract structured JSON data
When writing a script, you often need structured data (JSON) to pass to tools
like `jq`. To get pure JSON data from the model, combine the
`--output-format json` flag with `jq` to parse the response field.
### Scenario: Extract and return structured data
1. Save the following script as `generate_json.sh`:
```bash
#!/bin/bash
# Ensure we are in a project root
if [ ! -f "package.json" ]; then
echo "Error: package.json not found."
exit 1
fi
# Extract data
gemini --output-format json "Return a raw JSON object with keys 'version' and 'deps' from @package.json" | jq -r '.response' > data.json
```
2. Run `generate_json.sh`:
```bash
chmod +x generate_json.sh
./generate_json.sh
```
3. Check `data.json`. The file should look like this:
```json
{
"version": "1.0.0",
"deps": {
"react": "^18.2.0"
}
}
```
## Build your own custom AI tools
Use headless mode to perform custom, automated AI tasks.
### Scenario: Create a "Smart Commit" alias
You can add a function to your shell configuration (like `.zshrc` or `.bashrc`)
to create a `git commit` wrapper that writes the message for you.
1. Open your `.zshrc` file (or `.bashrc` if you use Bash) in your preferred
text editor.
```bash
nano ~/.zshrc
```
**Note**: If you use VS Code, you can run `code ~/.zshrc`.
2. Scroll to the very bottom of the file and paste this code:
```bash
function gcommit() {
# Get the diff of staged changes
diff=$(git diff --staged)
if [ -z "$diff" ]; then
echo "No staged changes to commit."
return 1
fi
# Ask Gemini to write the message
echo "Generating commit message..."
msg=$(echo "$diff" | gemini "Write a concise Conventional Commit message for this diff. Output ONLY the message.")
# Commit with the generated message
git commit -m "$msg"
}
```
Save your file and exit.
3. Run this command to make the function available immediately:
```bash
source ~/.zshrc
```
4. Use your new command:
```bash
gcommit
```
Gemini CLI will analyze your staged changes and commit them with a generated
message.
## Next steps
- Explore the [Headless mode reference](../../cli/headless.md) for full JSON
schema details.
- Learn about [Shell commands](shell-commands.md) to let the agent run scripts
instead of just writing them.
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# File management with Gemini CLI
Explore, analyze, and modify your codebase using Gemini CLI. In this guide,
you'll learn how to provide Gemini CLI with files and directories, modify and
create files, and control what Gemini CLI can see.
## Prerequisites
- Gemini CLI installed and authenticated.
- A project directory to work with (e.g., a git repository).
## How to give the agent context (Reading files)
Gemini CLI will generally try to read relevant files, sometimes prompting you
for access (depending on your settings). To ensure that Gemini CLI uses a file,
you can also include it directly.
### Direct file inclusion (`@`)
If you know the path to the file you want to work on, use the `@` symbol. This
forces the CLI to read the file immediately and inject its content into your
prompt.
```bash
`@src/components/UserProfile.tsx Explain how this component handles user data.`
```
### Working with multiple files
Complex features often span multiple files. You can chain `@` references to give
the agent a complete picture of the dependencies.
```bash
`@src/components/UserProfile.tsx @src/types/User.ts Refactor the component to use the updated User interface.`
```
### Including entire directories
For broad questions or refactoring, you can include an entire directory. Be
careful with large folders, as this consumes more tokens.
```bash
`@src/utils/ Check these utility functions for any deprecated API usage.`
```
## How to find files (Exploration)
If you _don't_ know the exact file path, you can ask Gemini CLI to find it for
you. This is useful when navigating a new codebase or looking for specific
logic.
### Scenario: Find a component definition
You know there's a `UserProfile` component, but you don't know where it lives.
```none
`Find the file that defines the UserProfile component.`
```
Gemini uses the `glob` or `list_directory` tools to search your project
structure. It will return the specific path (e.g.,
`src/components/UserProfile.tsx`), which you can then use with `@` in your next
turn.
> **Tip:** You can also ask for lists of files, like "Show me all the TypeScript
> configuration files in the root directory."
## How to modify code
Once Gemini CLI has context, you can direct it to make specific edits. The agent
is capable of complex refactoring, not just simple text replacement.
```none
`Update @src/components/UserProfile.tsx to show a loading spinner if the user data is null.`
```
Gemini CLI uses the `replace` tool to propose a targeted code change.
### Creating new files
You can also ask the agent to create entirely new files or folder structures.
```none
`Create a new file @src/components/LoadingSpinner.tsx with a simple Tailwind CSS spinner.`
```
Gemini CLI uses the `write_file` tool to generate the new file from scratch.
## Review and confirm changes
Gemini CLI prioritizes safety. Before any file is modified, it presents a
unified diff of the proposed changes.
```diff
- if (!user) return null;
+ if (!user) return <LoadingSpinner />;
```
- **Red lines (-):** Code that will be removed.
- **Green lines (+):** Code that will be added.
Press **y** to confirm and apply the change to your local file system. If the
diff doesn't look right, press **n** to cancel and refine your prompt.
## Verify the result
After the edit is complete, verify the fix. You can simply read the file again
or, better yet, run your project's tests.
```none
`Run the tests for the UserProfile component.`
```
Gemini CLI uses the `run_shell_command` tool to execute your test runner (e.g.,
`npm test` or `jest`). This ensures the changes didn't break existing
functionality.
## Advanced: Controlling what Gemini sees
By default, Gemini CLI respects your `.gitignore` file. It won't read or search
through `node_modules`, build artifacts, or other ignored paths.
If you have sensitive files (like `.env`) or large assets that you want to keep
hidden from the AI _without_ ignoring them in Git, you can create a
`.geminiignore` file in your project root.
**Example `.geminiignore`:**
```text
.env
local-db-dump.sql
private-notes.md
```
## Next steps
- Learn how to [Manage context and memory](memory-management.md) to keep your
agent smarter over long sessions.
- See [Execute shell commands](shell-commands.md) for more on running tests and
builds.
- Explore the technical [File system reference](../../tools/file-system.md) for
advanced tool parameters.
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# Set up an MCP server
Connect Gemini CLI to your external databases and services. In this guide,
you'll learn how to extend Gemini CLI's capabilities by installing the GitHub
MCP server and using it to manage your repositories.
## Prerequisites
- Gemini CLI installed.
- **Docker:** Required for this specific example (many MCP servers run as Docker
containers).
- **GitHub token:** A Personal Access Token (PAT) with repo permissions.
## How to prepare your credentials
Most MCP servers require authentication. For GitHub, you need a PAT.
1. Create a [fine-grained PAT](https://github.com/settings/tokens?type=beta).
2. Grant it **Read** access to **Metadata** and **Contents**, and
**Read/Write** access to **Issues** and **Pull Requests**.
3. Store it in your environment:
```bash
export GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN="github_pat_..."
```
## How to configure Gemini CLI
You tell Gemini about new servers by editing your `settings.json`.
1. Open `~/.gemini/settings.json` (or the project-specific
`.gemini/settings.json`).
2. Add the `mcpServers` block. This tells Gemini: "Run this docker container
and talk to it."
```json
{
"mcpServers": {
"github": {
"command": "docker",
"args": [
"run",
"-i",
"--rm",
"-e",
"GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN",
"ghcr.io/modelcontextprotocol/servers/github:latest"
],
"env": {
"GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN": "${GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN}"
}
}
}
}
```
> **Note:** The `command` is `docker`, and the rest are arguments passed to it.
> We map the local environment variable into the container so your secret isn't
> hardcoded in the config file.
## How to verify the connection
Restart Gemini CLI. It will automatically try to start the defined servers.
**Command:** `/mcp list`
You should see: `✓ github: docker ... - Connected`
If you see `Disconnected` or an error, check that Docker is running and your API
token is valid.
## How to use the new tools
Now that the server is running, the agent has new capabilities ("tools"). You
don't need to learn special commands; just ask in natural language.
### Scenario: Listing pull requests
**Prompt:** `List the open PRs in the google/gemini-cli repository.`
The agent will:
1. Recognize the request matches a GitHub tool.
2. Call `github_list_pull_requests`.
3. Present the data to you.
### Scenario: Creating an issue
**Prompt:**
`Create an issue in my repo titled "Bug: Login fails" with the description "See logs".`
## Troubleshooting
- **Server won't start?** Try running the docker command manually in your
terminal to see if it prints an error (e.g., "image not found").
- **Tools not found?** Run `/mcp refresh` to force the CLI to re-query the
server for its capabilities.
## Next steps
- Explore the [MCP servers reference](../../tools/mcp-server.md) to learn about
SSE and HTTP transports for remote servers.
- Browse the
[official MCP server list](https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/servers) to
find connectors for Slack, Postgres, Google Drive, and more.
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# Manage context and memory
Control what Gemini CLI knows about you and your projects. In this guide, you'll
learn how to define project-wide rules with `GEMINI.md`, teach the agent
persistent facts, and inspect the active context.
## Prerequisites
- Gemini CLI installed and authenticated.
- A project directory where you want to enforce specific rules.
## Why manage context?
Out of the box, Gemini CLI is smart but generic. It doesn't know your preferred
testing framework, your indentation style, or that you hate using `any` in
TypeScript. Context management solves this by giving the agent persistent
memory.
You'll use these features when you want to:
- **Enforce standards:** Ensure every generated file matches your team's style
guide.
- **Set a persona:** Tell the agent to act as a "Senior Rust Engineer" or "QA
Specialist."
- **Remember facts:** Save details like "My database port is 5432" so you don't
have to repeat them.
## How to define project-wide rules (GEMINI.md)
The most powerful way to control the agent's behavior is through `GEMINI.md`
files. These are Markdown files containing instructions that are automatically
loaded into every conversation.
### Scenario: Create a project context file
1. In the root of your project, create a file named `GEMINI.md`.
2. Add your instructions:
```markdown
# Project Instructions
- **Framework:** We use React with Vite.
- **Styling:** Use Tailwind CSS for all styling. Do not write custom CSS.
- **Testing:** All new components must include a Vitest unit test.
- **Tone:** Be concise. Don't explain basic React concepts.
```
3. Start a new session. Gemini CLI will now know these rules automatically.
### Scenario: Using the hierarchy
Context is loaded hierarchically. This allows you to have general rules for
everything and specific rules for sub-projects.
1. **Global:** `~/.gemini/GEMINI.md` (Rules for _every_ project you work on).
2. **Project Root:** `./GEMINI.md` (Rules for the current repository).
3. **Subdirectory:** `./src/GEMINI.md` (Rules specific to the `src` folder).
**Example:** You might set "Always use strict typing" in your global config, but
"Use Python 3.11" only in your backend repository.
## How to teach the agent facts (Memory)
Sometimes you don't want to write a config file. You just want to tell the agent
something once and have it remember forever. You can do this naturally in chat.
### Scenario: Saving a memory
Just tell the agent to remember something.
**Prompt:** `Remember that I prefer using 'const' over 'let' wherever possible.`
The agent will use the `save_memory` tool to store this fact in your global
memory file.
**Prompt:** `Save the fact that the staging server IP is 10.0.0.5.`
### Scenario: Using memory in conversation
Once a fact is saved, you don't need to invoke it explicitly. The agent "knows"
it.
**Next Prompt:** `Write a script to deploy to staging.`
**Agent Response:** "I'll write a script to deploy to **10.0.0.5**..."
## How to manage and inspect context
As your project grows, you might want to see exactly what instructions the agent
is following.
### Scenario: View active context
To see the full, concatenated set of instructions currently loaded (from all
`GEMINI.md` files and saved memories), use the `/memory show` command.
**Command:** `/memory show`
This prints the raw text the model receives at the start of the session. It's
excellent for debugging why the agent might be ignoring a rule.
### Scenario: Refresh context
If you edit a `GEMINI.md` file while a session is running, the agent won't know
immediately. Force a reload with:
**Command:** `/memory refresh`
## Best practices
- **Keep it focused:** Don't dump your entire internal wiki into `GEMINI.md`.
Keep instructions actionable and relevant to code generation.
- **Use negative constraints:** Explicitly telling the agent what _not_ to do
(e.g., "Do not use class components") is often more effective than vague
positive instructions.
- **Review often:** Periodically check your `GEMINI.md` files to remove outdated
rules.
## Next steps
- Learn about [Session management](session-management.md) to see how short-term
history works.
- Explore the [Command reference](../../cli/commands.md) for more `/memory`
options.
- Read the technical spec for [Project context](../../cli/gemini-md.md).
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# Manage sessions and history
Resume, browse, and rewind your conversations with Gemini CLI. In this guide,
you'll learn how to switch between tasks, manage your session history, and undo
mistakes using the rewind feature.
## Prerequisites
- Gemini CLI installed and authenticated.
- At least one active or past session.
## How to resume where you left off
It's common to switch context—maybe you're waiting for a build and want to work
on a different feature. Gemini makes it easy to jump back in.
### Scenario: Resume the last session
The fastest way to pick up your most recent work is with the `--resume` flag (or
`-r`).
```bash
gemini -r
```
This restores your chat history and memory, so you can say "Continue with the
next step" immediately.
### Scenario: Browse past sessions
If you want to find a specific conversation from yesterday, use the interactive
browser.
**Command:** `/resume`
This opens a searchable list of all your past sessions. You'll see:
- A timestamp (e.g., "2 hours ago").
- The first user message (helping you identify the topic).
- The number of turns in the conversation.
Select a session and press **Enter** to load it.
## How to manage your workspace
Over time, you'll accumulate a lot of history. Keeping your session list clean
helps you find what you need.
### Scenario: Deleting sessions
In the `/resume` browser, navigate to a session you no longer need and press
**x**. This permanently deletes the history for that specific conversation.
You can also manage sessions from the command line:
```bash
# List all sessions with their IDs
gemini --list-sessions
# Delete a specific session by ID or index
gemini --delete-session 1
```
## How to rewind time (Undo mistakes)
Gemini CLI's **Rewind** feature is like `Ctrl+Z` for your workflow.
### Scenario: Triggering rewind
At any point in a chat, type `/rewind` or press **Esc** twice.
### Scenario: Choosing a restore point
You'll see a list of your recent interactions. Select the point _before_ the
undesired changes occurred.
### Scenario: Choosing what to revert
Gemini gives you granular control over the undo process. You can choose to:
1. **Rewind conversation:** Only remove the chat history. The files stay
changed. (Useful if the code is good but the chat got off track).
2. **Revert code changes:** Keep the chat history but undo the file edits.
(Useful if you want to keep the context but retry the implementation).
3. **Rewind both:** Restore everything to exactly how it was.
## How to fork conversations
Sometimes you want to try two different approaches to the same problem.
1. Start a session and get to a decision point.
2. Save the current state with `/chat save decision-point`.
3. Try your first approach.
4. Later, use `/chat resume decision-point` to fork the conversation back to
that moment and try a different approach.
This creates a new branch of history without losing your original work.
## Next steps
- Learn about [Checkpointing](../../cli/checkpointing.md) to understand the
underlying safety mechanism.
- Explore [Task planning](task-planning.md) to keep complex sessions organized.
- See the [Command reference](../../cli/commands.md) for all `/chat` and
`/resume` options.
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# Execute shell commands
Use the CLI to run builds, manage git, and automate system tasks without leaving
the conversation. In this guide, you'll learn how to run commands directly,
automate complex workflows, and manage background processes safely.
## Prerequisites
- Gemini CLI installed and authenticated.
- Basic familiarity with your system's shell (Bash, Zsh, PowerShell, etc.).
## How to run commands directly (`!`)
Sometimes you just need to check a file size or git status without asking the AI
to do it for you. You can pass commands directly to your shell using the `!`
prefix.
**Example:** `!ls -la`
This executes `ls -la` immediately and prints the output to your terminal. The
AI doesn't "see" this output unless you paste it back into the chat or use it in
a prompt.
### Scenario: Entering Shell mode
If you're doing a lot of manual work, toggle "Shell Mode" by typing `!` and
pressing **Enter**. Now, everything you type is sent to the shell until you exit
(usually by pressing **Esc** or typing `exit`).
## How to automate complex tasks
You can automate tasks using a combination of Gemini CLI and shell commands.
### Scenario: Run tests and fix failures
You want to run tests and fix any failures.
**Prompt:**
`Run the unit tests. If any fail, analyze the error and try to fix the code.`
**Workflow:**
1. Gemini calls `run_shell_command('npm test')`.
2. You see a confirmation prompt: `Allow command 'npm test'? [y/N]`.
3. You press `y`.
4. The tests run. If they fail, Gemini reads the error output.
5. Gemini uses `read_file` to inspect the failing test.
6. Gemini uses `replace` to fix the bug.
7. Gemini runs `npm test` again to verify the fix.
This loop turns Gemini into an autonomous engineer.
## How to manage background processes
You can ask Gemini to start long-running tasks, like development servers or file
watchers.
**Prompt:** `Start the React dev server in the background.`
Gemini will run the command (e.g., `npm run dev`) and detach it.
### Scenario: Viewing active shells
To see what's running in the background, use the `/shells` command.
**Command:** `/shells`
This opens a dashboard where you can view logs or kill runaway processes.
## How to handle interactive commands
Gemini CLI attempts to handle interactive commands (like `git add -p` or
confirmation prompts) by streaming the output to you. However, for highly
interactive tools (like `vim` or `top`), it's often better to run them yourself
in a separate terminal window or use the `!` prefix.
## Safety first
Giving an AI access to your shell is powerful but risky. Gemini CLI includes
several safety layers.
### Confirmation prompts
By default, **every** shell command requested by the agent requires your
explicit approval.
- **Allow once:** Runs the command one time.
- **Allow always:** Trusts this specific command for the rest of the session.
- **Deny:** Stops the agent.
### Sandboxing
For maximum security, especially when running untrusted code or exploring new
projects, we strongly recommend enabling Sandboxing. This runs all shell
commands inside a secure Docker container.
**Enable sandboxing:** Use the `--sandbox` flag when starting the CLI:
`gemini --sandbox`.
## Next steps
- Learn about [Sandboxing](../../cli/sandbox.md) to safely run destructive
commands.
- See the [Shell tool reference](../../tools/shell.md) for configuration options
like timeouts and working directories.
- Explore [Task planning](task-planning.md) to see how shell commands fit into
larger workflows.
+58 -36
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@@ -1,27 +1,50 @@
# Get started with Agent Skills
# Getting Started with Agent Skills
Agent Skills extend Gemini CLI with specialized expertise. In this guide, you'll
learn how to create your first skill, bundle custom scripts, and activate them
during a session.
Agent Skills allow you to extend Gemini CLI with specialized expertise. This
tutorial will guide you through creating your first skill, enabling it, and
using it in a session.
## How to create a skill
## 1. Enable Agent Skills
A skill is defined by a directory containing a `SKILL.md` file. Let's create an
**API Auditor** skill that helps you verify if local or remote endpoints are
Agent Skills are currently an experimental feature and must be enabled in your
settings.
### Via the interactive UI
1. Start a Gemini CLI session by running `gemini`.
2. Type `/settings` to open the interactive settings dialog.
3. Search for "Skills".
4. Toggle **Agent Skills** to `true`.
5. Press `Esc` to save and exit. You may need to restart the CLI for the
changes to take effect.
### Via `settings.json`
Alternatively, you can manually edit your global settings file at
`~/.gemini/settings.json` (create it if it doesn't exist):
```json
{
"experimental": {
"skills": true
}
}
```
## 2. Create Your First Skill
A skill is a directory containing a `SKILL.md` file. Let's create an **API
Auditor** skill that helps you verify if local or remote endpoints are
responding correctly.
### Create the directory structure
1. Run the following command to create the folders:
1. **Create the skill directory structure:**
```bash
mkdir -p .gemini/skills/api-auditor/scripts
```
### Create the definition
1. Create a file at `.gemini/skills/api-auditor/SKILL.md`. This tells the agent
_when_ to use the skill and _how_ to behave.
2. **Create the `SKILL.md` file:** Create a file at
`.gemini/skills/api-auditor/SKILL.md` with the following content:
```markdown
---
@@ -44,12 +67,9 @@ responding correctly.
without an `https://` protocol.
```
### Add the tool logic
Skills can bundle resources like scripts.
1. Create a file at `.gemini/skills/api-auditor/scripts/audit.js`. This is the
code the agent will run.
3. **Create the bundled Node.js script:** Create a file at
`.gemini/skills/api-auditor/scripts/audit.js`. This script will be used by
the agent to perform the actual check:
```javascript
// .gemini/skills/api-auditor/scripts/audit.js
@@ -66,37 +86,39 @@ Skills can bundle resources like scripts.
.catch((e) => console.error(`Result: Failed (${e.message})`));
```
## How to verify discovery
## 3. Verify the Skill is Discovered
Gemini CLI automatically discovers skills in the `.gemini/skills` directory. You
can also use `.agents/skills` as a more generic alternative. Check that it found
your new skill.
Use the `/skills` slash command (or `gemini skills list` from your terminal) to
see if Gemini CLI has found your new skill.
**Command:** `/skills list`
In a Gemini CLI session:
```
/skills list
```
You should see `api-auditor` in the list of available skills.
## How to use the skill
## 4. Use the Skill in a Chat
Now, try it out. Start a new session and ask a question that triggers the
skill's description.
Now, let's see the skill in action. Start a new session and ask a question about
an endpoint.
**User:** "Can you audit http://geminicli.com"
**User:** "Can you audit http://geminili.com"
Gemini recognizes the request matches the `api-auditor` description and asks for
permission to activate it.
Gemini will recognize the request matches the `api-auditor` description and will
ask for your permission to activate it.
**Model:** (After calling `activate_skill`) "I've activated the **api-auditor**
skill. I'll run the audit script now..."
Gemini then uses the `run_shell_command` tool to execute your bundled Node
Gemini will then use the `run_shell_command` tool to execute your bundled Node
script:
`node .gemini/skills/api-auditor/scripts/audit.js http://geminili.com`
## Next steps
## Next Steps
- Explore the
[Agent Skills Authoring Guide](../../cli/skills.md#creating-a-skill) to learn
about more advanced features.
- Explore [Agent Skills Authoring Guide](../skills.md#creating-a-skill) to learn
about more advanced skill features.
- Learn how to share skills via [Extensions](../../extensions/index.md).
-93
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@@ -1,93 +0,0 @@
# Plan tasks with todos
Keep complex jobs on the rails with Gemini CLI's built-in task planning. In this
guide, you'll learn how to ask for a plan, execute it step-by-step, and monitor
progress with the todo list.
## Prerequisites
- Gemini CLI installed and authenticated.
- A complex task in mind (e.g., a multi-file refactor or new feature).
## Why use task planning?
Standard LLMs have a limited context window and can "forget" the original goal
after 10 turns of code generation. Task planning provides:
1. **Visibility:** You see exactly what the agent plans to do _before_ it
starts.
2. **Focus:** The agent knows exactly which step it's working on right now.
3. **Resilience:** If the agent gets stuck, the plan helps it get back on
track.
## How to ask for a plan
The best way to trigger task planning is to explicitly ask for it.
**Prompt:**
`I want to migrate this project from JavaScript to TypeScript. Please make a plan first.`
Gemini will analyze your codebase and use the `write_todos` tool to generate a
structured list.
**Example Plan:**
1. [ ] Create `tsconfig.json`.
2. [ ] Rename `.js` files to `.ts`.
3. [ ] Fix type errors in `utils.js`.
4. [ ] Fix type errors in `server.js`.
5. [ ] Verify build passes.
## How to review and iterate
Once the plan is generated, it appears in your CLI. Review it.
- **Missing steps?** Tell the agent: "You forgot to add a step for installing
`@types/node`."
- **Wrong order?** Tell the agent: "Let's verify the build _after_ each file,
not just at the end."
The agent will update the todo list dynamically.
## How to execute the plan
Tell the agent to proceed.
**Prompt:** `Looks good. Start with the first step.`
As the agent works, you'll see the todo list update in real-time above the input
box.
- **Current focus:** The active task is highlighted (e.g.,
`[IN_PROGRESS] Create tsconfig.json`).
- **Progress:** Completed tasks are marked as done.
## How to monitor progress (`Ctrl+T`)
For a long-running task, the full todo list might be hidden to save space. You
can toggle the full view at any time.
**Action:** Press **Ctrl+T**.
This shows the complete list, including pending, in-progress, and completed
items. It's a great way to check "how much is left?" without scrolling back up.
## How to handle unexpected changes
Plans change. Maybe you discover a library is incompatible halfway through.
**Prompt:**
`Actually, let's skip the 'server.js' refactor for now. It's too risky.`
The agent will mark that task as `cancelled` or remove it, and move to the next
item. This dynamic adjustment is what makes the todo system powerful—it's a
living document, not a static text block.
## Next steps
- Explore [Session management](session-management.md) to save your plan and
finish it tomorrow.
- See the [Todo tool reference](../../tools/todos.md) for technical schema
details.
- Learn about [Memory management](memory-management.md) to persist planning
preferences (e.g., "Always create a test plan first").
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@@ -1,78 +0,0 @@
# Web search and fetch
Access the live internet directly from your prompt. In this guide, you'll learn
how to search for up-to-date documentation, fetch deep context from specific
URLs, and apply that knowledge to your code.
## Prerequisites
- Gemini CLI installed and authenticated.
- An internet connection.
## How to research new technologies
Imagine you want to use a library released yesterday. The model doesn't know
about it yet. You need to teach it.
### Scenario: Find documentation
**Prompt:**
`Search for the 'Bun 1.0' release notes and summarize the key changes.`
Gemini uses the `google_web_search` tool to find relevant pages and synthesizes
an answer. This "grounding" process ensures the agent isn't hallucinating
features that don't exist.
**Prompt:** `Find the documentation for the 'React Router v7' loader API.`
## How to fetch deep context
Search gives you a summary, but sometimes you need the raw details. The
`web_fetch` tool lets you feed a specific URL directly into the agent's context.
### Scenario: Reading a blog post
You found a blog post with the exact solution to your bug.
**Prompt:**
`Read https://example.com/fixing-memory-leaks and explain how to apply it to my code.`
Gemini will retrieve the page content (stripping away ads and navigation) and
use it to answer your question.
### Scenario: Comparing sources
You can even fetch multiple pages to compare approaches.
**Prompt:**
`Compare the pagination patterns in https://api.example.com/v1/docs and https://api.example.com/v2/docs.`
## How to apply knowledge to code
The real power comes when you combine web tools with file editing.
**Workflow:**
1. **Search:** "How do I implement auth with Supabase?"
2. **Fetch:** "Read this guide: https://supabase.com/docs/guides/auth."
3. **Implement:** "Great. Now use that pattern to create an `auth.ts` file in
my project."
## How to troubleshoot errors
When you hit an obscure error message, paste it into the chat.
**Prompt:**
`I'm getting 'Error: hydration mismatch' in Next.js. Search for recent solutions.`
The agent will search sources such as GitHub issues, StackOverflow, and forums
to find relevant fixes that might be too new to be in its base training set.
## Next steps
- Explore [File management](file-management.md) to see how to apply the code you
generate.
- See the [Web search tool reference](../../tools/web-search.md) for citation
details.
- See the [Web fetch tool reference](../../tools/web-fetch.md) for technical
limitations.
-18
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@@ -45,21 +45,3 @@ npm uninstall -g @google/gemini-cli
```
This command completely removes the package from your system.
## Method 3: Homebrew
If you installed the CLI globally using Homebrew (e.g.,
`brew install gemini-cli`), use the `brew uninstall` command to remove it.
```bash
brew uninstall gemini-cli
```
## Method 4: MacPorts
If you installed the CLI globally using MacPorts (e.g.,
`sudo port install gemini-cli`), use the `port uninstall` command to remove it.
```bash
sudo port uninstall gemini-cli
```
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# Core concepts
This guide explains the fundamental concepts and terminology used throughout the
Gemini CLI ecosystem. Understanding these terms will help you make the most of
the tool's capabilities.
## Approval mode
**Approval mode** determines the level of autonomy you grant to the agent when
executing tools.
- **Default:** The agent asks for confirmation before performing any potentially
impactful action (like writing files or running shell commands).
- **Auto-edit:** File modifications are applied automatically, but shell
commands still require confirmation.
- **YOLO (You Only Look Once):** The agent runs all tools without asking for
permission. High risk, high speed.
## Checkpointing
**Checkpointing** is a safety feature that automatically snapshots your
project's file state before the agent performs any destructive action (like
writing a file).
- **Snapshots:** Stored in a hidden Git repository (separate from your project's
Git history).
- **Restore:** Allows you to instantly revert changes if the agent makes a
mistake, using the `/restore` command.
## Context
**Context** refers to the information the agent has about your current task and
environment. Gemini CLI provides context through several mechanisms:
- **Conversation history:** The chat log of the current session.
- **Project context (`GEMINI.md`):** Persistent instructions and rules defined
in your project's root or subdirectories.
- **File content:** Files you explicitly reference (e.g., `@src/app.ts`) or that
the agent reads using tools.
- **Environment:** Information about your operating system, shell, and working
directory.
Effective context management is key to getting accurate and relevant responses.
## Extension
An **Extension** is a pluggable package that adds new capabilities to Gemini
CLI. Extensions can bundle:
- **Skills:** Specialized procedural knowledge.
- **MCP Servers:** Connections to external tools and data.
- **Commands:** Custom slash commands.
## Headless mode
**Headless mode** refers to running Gemini CLI without the interactive terminal
UI (TUI). This is used for scripting, automation, and piping data into or out of
the agent.
- **Interactive:** `gemini` (starts the REPL).
- **Headless:** `gemini "Fix this file"` (runs once and exits).
## Hook
A **Hook** is a script or function that intercepts specific lifecycle events in
the CLI.
- **Use cases:** Logging tool usage, validating user input, or modifying the
agent's system prompt dynamically.
- **Lifecycle:** Hooks can run before or after the agent starts, before tools
are executed, or after the session ends.
## Model Context Protocol (MCP)
The **Model Context Protocol (MCP)** is an open standard that allows Gemini CLI
to connect to external data sources and tools.
- **MCP Server:** A lightweight application that exposes resources (data) and
tools (functions) to the CLI.
- **Use case:** Connecting Gemini to a PostgreSQL database, a GitHub repository,
or a Slack workspace without building custom integration logic into the CLI
core.
## Policy engine
The **Policy Engine** is the security subsystem that enforces rules on tool
execution. It evaluates every tool call against your configuration (e.g.,
[Trusted folders](#trusted-folders), allowed commands) to decide whether to:
- Allow the action immediately.
- Require user confirmation.
- Block the action entirely.
## Sandboxing
**Sandboxing** is an optional security mode that isolates the agent's execution
environment. When enabled, the agent runs inside a secure container (e.g.,
Docker), preventing it from accessing sensitive files or system resources
outside of the designated workspace.
## Session
A **Session** is a single continuous interaction thread with the agent.
- **State:** Sessions maintain conversation history and short-term memory.
- **Persistence:** Sessions are automatically saved, allowing you to pause,
resume, or rewind them later.
## Skill
A **Skill** (or **Agent Skill**) is a package of specialized expertise that the
agent can load on demand. Unlike general context, a skill provides specific
procedural knowledge for a distinct task.
- **Example:** A "Code Reviewer" skill might contain a checklist of security
vulnerabilities to look for and a specific format for reporting findings.
- **Activation:** Skills are typically activated dynamically when the agent
recognizes a matching request.
## Tool
A **Tool** is a specific function or capability that the agent can execute.
Tools allow the AI to interact with the outside world.
- **Built-in tools:** Core capabilities like `read_file`, `run_shell_command`,
and `google_web_search`.
- **MCP tools:** External tools provided by
[MCP servers](#model-context-protocol-mcp).
When the agent uses a tool, it pauses generation, executes the code, and feeds
the output back into its context window.
## Trusted folders
**Trusted folders** are specific directories you have explicitly authorized the
agent to access without repeated confirmation prompts. This is a key component
of the [Policy engine](#policy-engine) to balance security and usability.
-6
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@@ -7,8 +7,6 @@ requests sent from `packages/cli`. For a general overview of Gemini CLI, see the
## Navigating this section
- **[Sub-agents (experimental)](./subagents.md):** Learn how to create and use
specialized sub-agents for complex tasks.
- **[Core tools API](./tools-api.md):** Information on how tools are defined,
registered, and used by the core.
- **[Memory Import Processor](./memport.md):** Documentation for the modular
@@ -70,10 +68,6 @@ If you are using the default "pro" model and the CLI detects that you are being
rate-limited, it automatically switches to the "flash" model for the current
session. This allows you to continue working without interruption.
Internal utility calls that use `gemini-2.5-flash-lite` (for example, prompt
completion and classification) silently fall back to `gemini-2.5-flash` and
`gemini-2.5-pro` when quota is exhausted, without changing the configured model.
## File discovery service
The file discovery service is responsible for finding files in the project that
+8 -57
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@@ -119,17 +119,9 @@ For example:
Approval modes allow the policy engine to apply different sets of rules based on
the CLI's operational mode. A rule can be associated with one or more modes
(e.g., `yolo`, `autoEdit`, `plan`). The rule will only be active if the CLI is
running in one of its specified modes. If a rule has no modes specified, it is
always active.
- `default`: The standard interactive mode where most write tools require
confirmation.
- `autoEdit`: Optimized for automated code editing; some write tools may be
auto-approved.
- `plan`: A strict, read-only mode for research and design. See [Customizing
Plan Mode Policies].
- `yolo`: A mode where all tools are auto-approved (use with extreme caution).
(e.g., `yolo`, `autoEdit`). The rule will only be active if the CLI is running
in one of its specified modes. If a rule has no modes specified, it is always
active.
## Rule matching
@@ -154,38 +146,6 @@ A rule matches a tool call if all of its conditions are met:
Policies are defined in `.toml` files. The CLI loads these files from Default,
User, and (if configured) Admin directories.
### Policy locations
| Tier | Type | Location |
| :-------- | :----- | :-------------------------- |
| **User** | Custom | `~/.gemini/policies/*.toml` |
| **Admin** | System | _See below (OS specific)_ |
#### System-wide policies (Admin)
Administrators can enforce system-wide policies (Tier 3) that override all user
and default settings. These policies must be placed in specific, secure
directories:
| OS | Policy Directory Path |
| :---------- | :------------------------------------------------ |
| **Linux** | `/etc/gemini-cli/policies` |
| **macOS** | `/Library/Application Support/GeminiCli/policies` |
| **Windows** | `C:\ProgramData\gemini-cli\policies` |
**Security Requirements:**
To prevent privilege escalation, the CLI enforces strict security checks on
admin directories. If checks fail, system policies are **ignored**.
- **Linux / macOS:** Must be owned by `root` (UID 0) and NOT writable by group
or others (e.g., `chmod 755`).
- **Windows:** Must be in `C:\ProgramData`. Standard users (`Users`, `Everyone`)
must NOT have `Write`, `Modify`, or `Full Control` permissions. _Tip: If you
see a security warning, use the folder properties to remove write permissions
for non-admin groups. You may need to "Disable inheritance" in Advanced
Security Settings._
### TOML rule schema
Here is a breakdown of the fields available in a TOML policy rule:
@@ -208,11 +168,9 @@ commandPrefix = "git "
# (Optional) A regex to match against the entire shell command.
# This is also syntactic sugar for `toolName = "run_shell_command"`.
# Note: This pattern is tested against the JSON representation of the arguments (e.g., `{"command":"<your_command>"}`).
# Because it prepends `"command":"`, it effectively matches from the start of the command.
# Anchors like `^` or `$` apply to the full JSON string, so `^` should usually be avoided here.
# Note: This pattern is tested against the JSON representation of the arguments (e.g., `{"command":"<your_command>"}`), so anchors like `^` or `$` will apply to the full JSON string, not just the command text.
# You cannot use commandPrefix and commandRegex in the same rule.
commandRegex = "git (commit|push)"
commandRegex = "^git (commit|push)"
# The decision to take. Must be "allow", "deny", or "ask_user".
decision = "ask_user"
@@ -220,10 +178,6 @@ decision = "ask_user"
# The priority of the rule, from 0 to 999.
priority = 10
# (Optional) A custom message to display when a tool call is denied by this rule.
# This message is returned to the model and user, useful for explaining *why* it was denied.
deny_message = "Deletion is permanent"
# (Optional) An array of approval modes where this rule is active.
modes = ["autoEdit"]
```
@@ -296,7 +250,6 @@ only the `mcpName`.
mcpName = "untrusted-server"
decision = "deny"
priority = 500
deny_message = "This server is not trusted by the admin."
```
## Default policies
@@ -305,13 +258,11 @@ The Gemini CLI ships with a set of default policies to provide a safe
out-of-the-box experience.
- **Read-only tools** (like `read_file`, `glob`) are generally **allowed**.
- **Agent delegation** defaults to **`ask_user`** to ensure remote agents can
prompt for confirmation, but local sub-agent actions are executed silently and
checked individually.
- **Agent delegation** (like `delegate_to_agent`) defaults to **`ask_user`** to
ensure remote agents can prompt for confirmation, but local sub-agent actions
are executed silently and checked individually.
- **Write tools** (like `write_file`, `run_shell_command`) default to
**`ask_user`**.
- In **`yolo`** mode, a high-priority rule allows all tools.
- In **`autoEdit`** mode, rules allow certain write operations to happen without
prompting.
[Customizing Plan Mode Policies]: /docs/cli/plan-mode.md#customizing-policies
-84
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@@ -1,84 +0,0 @@
# Remote Subagents (experimental)
Gemini CLI supports connecting to remote subagents using the Agent-to-Agent
(A2A) protocol. This allows Gemini CLI to interact with other agents, expanding
its capabilities by delegating tasks to remote services.
Gemini CLI can connect to any compliant A2A agent. You can find samples of A2A
agents in the following repositories:
- [ADK Samples (Python)](https://github.com/google/adk-samples/tree/main/python)
- [ADK Python Contributing Samples](https://github.com/google/adk-python/tree/main/contributing/samples)
> **Note: Remote subagents are currently an experimental feature.**
## Configuration
To use remote subagents, you must explicitly enable them in your
`settings.json`:
```json
{
"experimental": {
"enableAgents": true
}
}
```
## Defining remote subagents
Remote subagents are defined as Markdown files (`.md`) with YAML frontmatter.
You can place them in:
1. **Project-level:** `.gemini/agents/*.md` (Shared with your team)
2. **User-level:** `~/.gemini/agents/*.md` (Personal agents)
### Configuration schema
| Field | Type | Required | Description |
| :--------------- | :----- | :------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `kind` | string | Yes | Must be `remote`. |
| `name` | string | Yes | A unique name for the agent. Must be a valid slug (lowercase letters, numbers, hyphens, and underscores only). |
| `agent_card_url` | string | Yes | The URL to the agent's A2A card endpoint. |
### Single-subagent example
```markdown
---
kind: remote
name: my-remote-agent
agent_card_url: https://example.com/agent-card
---
```
### Multi-subagent example
The loader explicitly supports multiple remote subagents defined in a single
Markdown file.
```markdown
---
- kind: remote
name: remote-1
agent_card_url: https://example.com/1
- kind: remote
name: remote-2
agent_card_url: https://example.com/2
---
```
> **Note:** Mixed local and remote agents, or multiple local agents, are not
> supported in a single file; the list format is currently remote-only.
## Managing Subagents
Users can manage subagents using the following commands within the Gemini CLI:
- `/agents list`: Displays all available local and remote subagents.
- `/agents refresh`: Reloads the agent registry. Use this after adding or
modifying agent definition files.
- `/agents enable <agent_name>`: Enables a specific subagent.
- `/agents disable <agent_name>`: Disables a specific subagent.
> **Tip:** You can use the `@cli_help` agent within Gemini CLI for assistance
> with configuring subagents.
-191
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@@ -1,191 +0,0 @@
# Sub-agents (experimental)
Sub-agents are specialized agents that operate within your main Gemini CLI
session. They are designed to handle specific, complex tasks—like deep codebase
analysis, documentation lookup, or domain-specific reasoning—without cluttering
the main agent's context or toolset.
> **Note: Sub-agents are currently an experimental feature.**
>
> To use custom sub-agents, you must explicitly enable them in your
> `settings.json`:
>
> ```json
> {
> "experimental": { "enableAgents": true }
> }
> ```
>
> **Warning:** Sub-agents currently operate in
> ["YOLO mode"](../get-started/configuration.md#command-line-arguments), meaning
> they may execute tools without individual user confirmation for each step.
> Proceed with caution when defining agents with powerful tools like
> `run_shell_command` or `write_file`.
## What are sub-agents?
Sub-agents are "specialists" that the main Gemini agent can hire for a specific
job.
- **Focused context:** Each sub-agent has its own system prompt and persona.
- **Specialized tools:** Sub-agents can have a restricted or specialized set of
tools.
- **Independent context window:** Interactions with a sub-agent happen in a
separate context loop, which saves tokens in your main conversation history.
Sub-agents are exposed to the main agent as a tool of the same name. When the
main agent calls the tool, it delegates the task to the sub-agent. Once the
sub-agent completes its task, it reports back to the main agent with its
findings.
## Built-in sub-agents
Gemini CLI comes with the following built-in sub-agents:
### Codebase Investigator
- **Name:** `codebase_investigator`
- **Purpose:** Analyze the codebase, reverse engineer, and understand complex
dependencies.
- **When to use:** "How does the authentication system work?", "Map out the
dependencies of the `AgentRegistry` class."
- **Configuration:** Enabled by default. You can configure it in
`settings.json`. Example (forcing a specific model):
```json
{
"experimental": {
"codebaseInvestigatorSettings": {
"enabled": true,
"maxNumTurns": 20,
"model": "gemini-2.5-pro"
}
}
}
```
### CLI Help Agent
- **Name:** `cli_help`
- **Purpose:** Get expert knowledge about Gemini CLI itself, its commands,
configuration, and documentation.
- **When to use:** "How do I configure a proxy?", "What does the `/rewind`
command do?"
- **Configuration:** Enabled by default.
### Generalist Agent
- **Name:** `generalist_agent`
- **Purpose:** Route tasks to the appropriate specialized sub-agent.
- **When to use:** Implicitly used by the main agent for routing. Not directly
invoked by the user.
- **Configuration:** Enabled by default. No specific configuration options.
## Creating custom sub-agents
You can create your own sub-agents to automate specific workflows or enforce
specific personas. To use custom sub-agents, you must enable them in your
`settings.json`:
```json
{
"experimental": {
"enableAgents": true
}
}
```
### Agent definition files
Custom agents are defined as Markdown files (`.md`) with YAML frontmatter. You
can place them in:
1. **Project-level:** `.gemini/agents/*.md` (Shared with your team)
2. **User-level:** `~/.gemini/agents/*.md` (Personal agents)
### File format
The file **MUST** start with YAML frontmatter enclosed in triple-dashes `---`.
The body of the markdown file becomes the agent's **System Prompt**.
**Example: `.gemini/agents/security-auditor.md`**
```markdown
---
name: security-auditor
description: Specialized in finding security vulnerabilities in code.
kind: local
tools:
- read_file
- grep_search
model: gemini-2.5-pro
temperature: 0.2
max_turns: 10
---
You are a ruthless Security Auditor. Your job is to analyze code for potential
vulnerabilities.
Focus on:
1. SQL Injection
2. XSS (Cross-Site Scripting)
3. Hardcoded credentials
4. Unsafe file operations
When you find a vulnerability, explain it clearly and suggest a fix. Do not fix
it yourself; just report it.
```
### Configuration schema
| Field | Type | Required | Description |
| :------------- | :----- | :------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `name` | string | Yes | Unique identifier (slug) used as the tool name for the agent. Only lowercase letters, numbers, hyphens, and underscores. |
| `description` | string | Yes | Short description of what the agent does. This is visible to the main agent to help it decide when to call this sub-agent. |
| `kind` | string | No | `local` (default) or `remote`. |
| `tools` | array | No | List of tool names this agent can use. If omitted, it may have access to a default set. |
| `model` | string | No | Specific model to use (e.g., `gemini-2.5-pro`). Defaults to `inherit` (uses the main session model). |
| `temperature` | number | No | Model temperature (0.0 - 2.0). |
| `max_turns` | number | No | Maximum number of conversation turns allowed for this agent before it must return. Defaults to `15`. |
| `timeout_mins` | number | No | Maximum execution time in minutes. Defaults to `5`. |
### Optimizing your sub-agent
The main agent's system prompt encourages it to use an expert sub-agent when one
is available. It decides whether an agent is a relevant expert based on the
agent's description. You can improve the reliability with which an agent is used
by updating the description to more clearly indicate:
- Its area of expertise.
- When it should be used.
- Some example scenarios.
For example, the following sub-agent description should be called fairly
consistently for Git operations.
> Git expert agent which should be used for all local and remote git operations.
> For example:
>
> - Making commits
> - Searching for regressions with bisect
> - Interacting with source control and issues providers such as GitHub.
If you need to further tune your sub-agent, you can do so by selecting the model
to optimize for with `/model` and then asking the model why it does not think
that your sub-agent was called with a specific prompt and the given description.
## Remote subagents (Agent2Agent) (experimental)
Gemini CLI can also delegate tasks to remote sub-agents using the Agent-to-Agent
(A2A) protocol.
> **Note: Remote subagents are currently an experimental feature.**
See the [Remote Subagents documentation](/docs/core/remote-agents) for detailed
configuration and usage instructions.
## Extension sub-agents
Extensions can bundle and distribute sub-agents. See the
[Extensions documentation](../extensions/index.md#sub-agents) for details on how
to package agents within an extension.
-139
View File
@@ -1,139 +0,0 @@
# Extensions on Gemini CLI: Best practices
This guide covers best practices for developing, securing, and maintaining
Gemini CLI extensions.
## Development
Developing extensions for Gemini CLI is intended to be a lightweight, iterative
process.
### Structure your extension
While simple extensions can just be a few files, we recommend a robust structure
for complex extensions:
```
my-extension/
├── package.json
├── tsconfig.json
├── gemini-extension.json
├── src/
│ ├── index.ts
│ └── tools/
└── dist/
```
- **Use TypeScript**: We strongly recommend using TypeScript for type safety and
better tooling.
- **Separate source and build**: Keep your source code in `src` and build to
`dist`.
- **Bundle dependencies**: If your extension has many dependencies, consider
bundling them (e.g., with `esbuild` or `webpack`) to reduce install time and
potential conflicts.
### Iterate with `link`
Use `gemini extensions link` to develop locally without constantly reinstalling:
```bash
cd my-extension
gemini extensions link .
```
Changes to your code (after rebuilding) will be immediately available in the CLI
on restart.
### Use `GEMINI.md` effectively
Your `GEMINI.md` file provides context to the model. Keep it focused:
- **Do:** Explain high-level goals and how to use the provided tools.
- **Don't:** Dump your entire documentation.
- **Do:** Use clear, concise language.
## Security
When building a Gemini CLI extension, follow general security best practices
(such as least privilege and input validation) to reduce risk.
### Minimal permissions
When defining tools in your MCP server, only request the permissions necessary.
Avoid giving the model broad access (like full shell access) if a more
restricted set of tools will suffice.
If you must use powerful tools like `run_shell_command`, consider restricting
them to specific commands in your `gemini-extension.json`:
```json
{
"name": "my-safe-extension",
"excludeTools": ["run_shell_command(rm -rf *)"]
}
```
This ensures that even if the model tries to execute a dangerous command, it
will be blocked at the CLI level.
### Validate inputs
Your MCP server is running on the user's machine. Always validate inputs to your
tools to prevent arbitrary code execution or filesystem access outside the
intended scope.
```typescript
// Good: Validating paths
if (!path.resolve(inputPath).startsWith(path.resolve(allowedDir) + path.sep)) {
throw new Error('Access denied');
}
```
### Sensitive settings
If your extension requires API keys, use the `sensitive: true` option in
`gemini-extension.json`. This ensures keys are stored securely in the system
keychain and obfuscated in the UI.
```json
"settings": [
{
"name": "API Key",
"envVar": "MY_API_KEY",
"sensitive": true
}
]
```
## Releasing
You can upload your extension directly to GitHub to list it in the gallery.
Gemini CLI extensions also offers support for more complicated
[releases](releasing.md).
### Semantic versioning
Follow [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/).
- **Major**: Breaking changes (renaming tools, changing arguments).
- **Minor**: New features (new tools, commands).
- **Patch**: Bug fixes.
### Release Channels
Use git branches to manage release channels (e.g., `main` for stable, `dev` for
bleeding edge). This allows users to choose their stability level:
```bash
# Stable
gemini extensions install github.com/user/repo
# Dev
gemini extensions install github.com/user/repo --ref dev
```
### Clean artifacts
If you are using GitHub Releases, ensure your release artifacts only contain the
necessary files (`dist/`, `gemini-extension.json`, `package.json`). Exclude
`node_modules` (users will install them) and `src/` to keep downloads small.
@@ -8,20 +8,7 @@ file.
## Prerequisites
Before you start, make sure you have the Gemini CLI installed and a basic
understanding of Node.js.
## When to use what
Extensions offer a variety of ways to customize Gemini CLI.
| Feature | What it is | When to use it | Invoked by |
| :------------------------------------------------------------- | :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :-------------------- |
| **[MCP server](reference.md#mcp-servers)** | A standard way to expose new tools and data sources to the model. | Use this when you want the model to be able to _do_ new things, like fetching data from an internal API, querying a database, or controlling a local application. We also support MCP resources (which can replace custom commands) and system instructions (which can replace custom context) | Model |
| **[Custom commands](../cli/custom-commands.md)** | A shortcut (like `/my-cmd`) that executes a pre-defined prompt or shell command. | Use this for repetitive tasks or to save long, complex prompts that you use frequently. Great for automation. | User |
| **[Context file (`GEMINI.md`)](reference.md#contextfilename)** | A markdown file containing instructions that are loaded into the model's context at the start of every session. | Use this to define the "personality" of your extension, set coding standards, or provide essential knowledge that the model should always have. | CLI provides to model |
| **[Agent skills](../cli/skills.md)** | A specialized set of instructions and workflows that the model activates only when needed. | Use this for complex, occasional tasks (like "create a PR" or "audit security") to avoid cluttering the main context window when the skill isn't being used. | Model |
| **[Hooks](../hooks/index.md)** | A way to intercept and customize the CLI's behavior at specific lifecycle events (e.g., before/after a tool call). | Use this when you want to automate actions based on what the model is doing, like validating tool arguments, logging activity, or modifying the model's input/output. | CLI |
| **[Custom themes](reference.md#themes)** | A set of color definitions to personalize the CLI UI. | Use this to provide a unique visual identity for your extension or to offer specialized high-contrast or thematic color schemes. | User (via /theme) |
understanding of Node.js and TypeScript.
## Step 1: Create a new extension
@@ -39,9 +26,10 @@ This will create a new directory with the following structure:
```
my-first-extension/
├── example.js
├── example.ts
├── gemini-extension.json
── package.json
── package.json
└── tsconfig.json
```
## Step 2: Understand the extension files
@@ -55,12 +43,12 @@ and use your extension.
```json
{
"name": "mcp-server-example",
"name": "my-first-extension",
"version": "1.0.0",
"mcpServers": {
"nodeServer": {
"command": "node",
"args": ["${extensionPath}${/}example.js"],
"args": ["${extensionPath}${/}dist${/}example.js"],
"cwd": "${extensionPath}"
}
}
@@ -76,12 +64,12 @@ and use your extension.
with the absolute path to your extension's installation directory. This
allows your extension to work regardless of where it's installed.
### `example.js`
### `example.ts`
This file contains the source code for your MCP server. It's a simple Node.js
server that uses the `@modelcontextprotocol/sdk`.
```javascript
```typescript
/**
* @license
* Copyright 2025 Google LLC
@@ -130,15 +118,16 @@ await server.connect(transport);
This server defines a single tool called `fetch_posts` that fetches data from a
public API.
### `package.json`
### `package.json` and `tsconfig.json`
This is the standard configuration file for a Node.js project. It defines
dependencies and scripts.
These are standard configuration files for a TypeScript project. The
`package.json` file defines dependencies and a `build` script, and
`tsconfig.json` configures the TypeScript compiler.
## Step 3: Link your extension
## Step 3: Build and link your extension
Before you can use the extension, you need to link it to your Gemini CLI
installation for local development.
Before you can use the extension, you need to compile the TypeScript code and
link the extension to your Gemini CLI installation for local development.
1. **Install dependencies:**
@@ -147,7 +136,16 @@ installation for local development.
npm install
```
2. **Link the extension:**
2. **Build the server:**
```bash
npm run build
```
This will compile `example.ts` into `dist/example.js`, which is the file
referenced in your `gemini-extension.json`.
3. **Link the extension:**
The `link` command creates a symbolic link from the Gemini CLI extensions
directory to your development directory. This means any changes you make
@@ -214,7 +212,7 @@ need this for extensions built to expose commands and prompts.
"mcpServers": {
"nodeServer": {
"command": "node",
"args": ["${extensionPath}${/}example.js"],
"args": ["${extensionPath}${/}dist${/}example.js"],
"cwd": "${extensionPath}"
}
}
@@ -226,6 +224,8 @@ file in every session where the extension is active.
## (Optional) Step 6: Add an Agent Skill
_Note: This is an experimental feature enabled via `experimental.skills`._
[Agent Skills](../cli/skills.md) let you bundle specialized expertise and
procedural workflows. Unlike `GEMINI.md`, which provides persistent context,
skills are activated only when needed, saving context tokens.
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ primary ways of releasing extensions are via a Git repository or through GitHub
Releases. Using a public Git repository is the simplest method.
For detailed instructions on both methods, please refer to the
[Extension Releasing Guide](./releasing.md).
[Extension Releasing Guide](./extension-releasing.md).
## Conclusion
+359 -27
View File
@@ -1,45 +1,377 @@
# Gemini CLI extensions
Gemini CLI extensions package prompts, MCP servers, custom commands, themes,
hooks, sub-agents, and agent skills into a familiar and user-friendly format.
With extensions, you can expand the capabilities of Gemini CLI and share those
capabilities with others. They are designed to be easily installable and
shareable.
_This documentation is up-to-date with the v0.4.0 release._
Gemini CLI extensions package prompts, MCP servers, Agent Skills, and custom
commands into a familiar and user-friendly format. With extensions, you can
expand the capabilities of Gemini CLI and share those capabilities with others.
They're designed to be easily installable and shareable.
To see examples of extensions, you can browse a gallery of
[Gemini CLI extensions](https://geminicli.com/extensions/browse/).
## Managing extensions
See [getting started docs](getting-started-extensions.md) for a guide on
creating your first extension.
You can verify your installed extensions and their status using the interactive
command:
See [releasing docs](extension-releasing.md) for an advanced guide on setting up
GitHub releases.
```bash
/extensions list
## Extension management
We offer a suite of extension management tools using `gemini extensions`
commands.
Note that these commands are not supported from within the CLI, although you can
list installed extensions using the `/extensions list` subcommand.
Note that all of these commands will only be reflected in active CLI sessions on
restart.
### Installing an extension
You can install an extension using `gemini extensions install` with either a
GitHub URL or a local path.
Note that we create a copy of the installed extension, so you will need to run
`gemini extensions update` to pull in changes from both locally-defined
extensions and those on GitHub.
NOTE: If you are installing an extension from GitHub, you'll need to have `git`
installed on your machine. See
[git installation instructions](https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Getting-Started-Installing-Git)
for help.
```
gemini extensions install <source> [--ref <ref>] [--auto-update] [--pre-release] [--consent]
```
or in noninteractive mode:
- `<source>`: The github URL or local path of the extension to install.
- `--ref`: The git ref to install from.
- `--auto-update`: Enable auto-update for this extension.
- `--pre-release`: Enable pre-release versions for this extension.
- `--consent`: Acknowledge the security risks of installing an extension and
skip the confirmation prompt.
```bash
### Uninstalling an extension
To uninstall one or more extensions, run
`gemini extensions uninstall <name...>`:
```
gemini extensions uninstall gemini-cli-security gemini-cli-another-extension
```
### Disabling an extension
Extensions are, by default, enabled across all workspaces. You can disable an
extension entirely or for specific workspace.
```
gemini extensions disable <name> [--scope <scope>]
```
- `<name>`: The name of the extension to disable.
- `--scope`: The scope to disable the extension in (`user` or `workspace`).
### Enabling an extension
You can enable extensions using `gemini extensions enable <name>`. You can also
enable an extension for a specific workspace using
`gemini extensions enable <name> --scope=workspace` from within that workspace.
```
gemini extensions enable <name> [--scope <scope>]
```
- `<name>`: The name of the extension to enable.
- `--scope`: The scope to enable the extension in (`user` or `workspace`).
### Updating an extension
For extensions installed from a local path or a git repository, you can
explicitly update to the latest version (as reflected in the
`gemini-extension.json` `version` field) with `gemini extensions update <name>`.
You can update all extensions with:
```
gemini extensions update --all
```
### Create a boilerplate extension
We offer several example extensions `context`, `custom-commands`,
`exclude-tools` and `mcp-server`. You can view these examples
[here](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/tree/main/packages/cli/src/commands/extensions/examples).
To copy one of these examples into a development directory using the type of
your choosing, run:
```
gemini extensions new <path> [template]
```
- `<path>`: The path to create the extension in.
- `[template]`: The boilerplate template to use.
### Link a local extension
The `gemini extensions link` command will create a symbolic link from the
extension installation directory to the development path.
This is useful so you don't have to run `gemini extensions update` every time
you make changes you'd like to test.
```
gemini extensions link <path>
```
- `<path>`: The path of the extension to link.
## How it works
On startup, Gemini CLI looks for extensions in `<home>/.gemini/extensions`
Extensions exist as a directory that contains a `gemini-extension.json` file.
For example:
`<home>/.gemini/extensions/my-extension/gemini-extension.json`
### `gemini-extension.json`
The `gemini-extension.json` file contains the configuration for the extension.
The file has the following structure:
```json
{
"name": "my-extension",
"version": "1.0.0",
"mcpServers": {
"my-server": {
"command": "node my-server.js"
}
},
"contextFileName": "GEMINI.md",
"excludeTools": ["run_shell_command"]
}
```
- `name`: The name of the extension. This is used to uniquely identify the
extension and for conflict resolution when extension commands have the same
name as user or project commands. The name should be lowercase or numbers and
use dashes instead of underscores or spaces. This is how users will refer to
your extension in the CLI. Note that we expect this name to match the
extension directory name.
- `version`: The version of the extension.
- `mcpServers`: A map of MCP servers to settings. The key is the name of the
server, and the value is the server configuration. These servers will be
loaded on startup just like MCP servers settings in a
[`settings.json` file](../get-started/configuration.md). If both an extension
and a `settings.json` file settings an MCP server with the same name, the
server defined in the `settings.json` file takes precedence.
- Note that all MCP server configuration options are supported except for
`trust`.
- `contextFileName`: The name of the file that contains the context for the
extension. This will be used to load the context from the extension directory.
If this property is not used but a `GEMINI.md` file is present in your
extension directory, then that file will be loaded.
- `excludeTools`: An array of tool names to exclude from the model. You can also
specify command-specific restrictions for tools that support it, like the
`run_shell_command` tool. For example,
`"excludeTools": ["run_shell_command(rm -rf)"]` will block the `rm -rf`
command. Note that this differs from the MCP server `excludeTools`
functionality, which can be listed in the MCP server config.
When Gemini CLI starts, it loads all the extensions and merges their
configurations. If there are any conflicts, the workspace configuration takes
precedence.
### Settings
_Note: This is an experimental feature. We do not yet recommend extension
authors introduce settings as part of their core flows._
Extensions can define settings that the user will be prompted to provide upon
installation. This is useful for things like API keys, URLs, or other
configuration that the extension needs to function.
To define settings, add a `settings` array to your `gemini-extension.json` file.
Each object in the array should have the following properties:
- `name`: A user-friendly name for the setting.
- `description`: A description of the setting and what it's used for.
- `envVar`: The name of the environment variable that the setting will be stored
as.
- `sensitive`: Optional boolean. If true, obfuscates the input the user provides
and stores the secret in keychain storage. **Example**
```json
{
"name": "my-api-extension",
"version": "1.0.0",
"settings": [
{
"name": "API Key",
"description": "Your API key for the service.",
"envVar": "MY_API_KEY"
}
]
}
```
When a user installs this extension, they will be prompted to enter their API
key. The value will be saved to a `.env` file in the extension's directory
(e.g., `<home>/.gemini/extensions/my-api-extension/.env`).
You can view a list of an extension's settings by running:
```
gemini extensions list
```
## Installation
and you can update a given setting using:
To install a real extension, you can use the `extensions install` command with a
GitHub repository URL in noninteractive mode. For example:
```bash
gemini extensions install https://github.com/gemini-cli-extensions/workspace
```
gemini extensions config <extension name> [setting name] [--scope <scope>]
```
## Next steps
- `--scope`: The scope to set the setting in (`user` or `workspace`). This is
optional and will default to `user`.
- [Writing extensions](writing-extensions.md): Learn how to create your first
extension.
- [Extensions reference](reference.md): Deeply understand the extension format,
commands, and configuration.
- [Best practices](best-practices.md): Learn strategies for building great
extensions.
- [Extensions releasing](releasing.md): Learn how to share your extensions with
the world.
### Custom commands
Extensions can provide [custom commands](../cli/custom-commands.md) by placing
TOML files in a `commands/` subdirectory within the extension directory. These
commands follow the same format as user and project custom commands and use
standard naming conventions.
**Example**
An extension named `gcp` with the following structure:
```
.gemini/extensions/gcp/
├── gemini-extension.json
└── commands/
├── deploy.toml
└── gcs/
└── sync.toml
```
Would provide these commands:
- `/deploy` - Shows as `[gcp] Custom command from deploy.toml` in help
- `/gcs:sync` - Shows as `[gcp] Custom command from sync.toml` in help
### Agent Skills
_Note: This is an experimental feature enabled via `experimental.skills`._
Extensions can bundle [Agent Skills](../cli/skills.md) to provide on-demand
expertise and specialized workflows. To include skills in your extension, place
them in a `skills/` subdirectory within the extension directory. Each skill must
follow the [Agent Skills structure](../cli/skills.md#folder-structure),
including a `SKILL.md` file.
**Example**
An extension named `security-toolkit` with the following structure:
```
.gemini/extensions/security-toolkit/
├── gemini-extension.json
└── skills/
├── audit/
│ ├── SKILL.md
│ └── scripts/
│ └── scan.py
└── hardening/
└── SKILL.md
```
Upon installation, these skills will be discovered by Gemini CLI and can be
activated during a session when the model identifies a task matching their
descriptions.
Extension skills have the lowest precedence and will be overridden by user or
workspace skills of the same name. They can be viewed and managed (enabled or
disabled) using the [`/skills` command](../cli/skills.md#managing-skills).
### Hooks
Extensions can provide [hooks](../hooks/index.md) to intercept and customize
Gemini CLI behavior at specific lifecycle events. Hooks provided by an extension
must be defined in a `hooks/hooks.json` file within the extension directory.
> [!IMPORTANT] Hooks are not defined directly in `gemini-extension.json`. The
> CLI specifically looks for the `hooks/hooks.json` file.
#### Directory structure
```
.gemini/extensions/my-extension/
├── gemini-extension.json
└── hooks/
└── hooks.json
```
#### `hooks/hooks.json` format
The `hooks.json` file contains a `hooks` object where keys are
[event names](../hooks/reference.md#supported-events) and values are arrays of
[hook definitions](../hooks/reference.md#hook-definition).
```json
{
"hooks": {
"before_agent": [
{
"hooks": [
{
"type": "command",
"command": "node ${extensionPath}/scripts/setup.js",
"name": "Extension Setup"
}
]
}
]
}
}
```
#### Supported variables
Just like `gemini-extension.json`, the `hooks/hooks.json` file supports
[variable substitution](#variables). This is particularly useful for referencing
scripts within the extension directory using `${extensionPath}`.
### Conflict resolution
Extension commands have the lowest precedence. When a conflict occurs with user
or project commands:
1. **No conflict**: Extension command uses its natural name (e.g., `/deploy`)
2. **With conflict**: Extension command is renamed with the extension prefix
(e.g., `/gcp.deploy`)
For example, if both a user and the `gcp` extension define a `deploy` command:
- `/deploy` - Executes the user's deploy command
- `/gcp.deploy` - Executes the extension's deploy command (marked with `[gcp]`
tag)
### Variables
Gemini CLI extensions allow variable substitution in both
`gemini-extension.json` and `hooks/hooks.json`. This can be useful if e.g., you
need the current directory to run an MCP server or hook script using
`"cwd": "${extensionPath}${/}run.ts"`.
**Supported variables:**
| variable | description |
| -------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `${extensionPath}` | The fully-qualified path of the extension in the user's filesystem e.g., '/Users/username/.gemini/extensions/example-extension'. This will not unwrap symlinks. |
| `${workspacePath}` | The fully-qualified path of the current workspace. |
| `${/} or ${pathSeparator}` | The path separator (differs per OS). |
| `${process.execPath}` | The path to the Node.js binary executing the CLI. |
-380
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@@ -1,380 +0,0 @@
# Extensions reference
This guide covers the `gemini extensions` commands and the structure of the
`gemini-extension.json` configuration file.
## Extension management
We offer a suite of extension management tools using `gemini extensions`
commands.
Note that these commands (e.g. `gemini extensions install`) are not supported
from within the CLI's **interactive mode**, although you can list installed
extensions using the `/extensions list` slash command.
Note that all of these management operations (including updates to slash
commands) will only be reflected in active CLI sessions on **restart**.
### Installing an extension
You can install an extension using `gemini extensions install` with either a
GitHub URL or a local path.
Note that we create a copy of the installed extension, so you will need to run
`gemini extensions update` to pull in changes from both locally-defined
extensions and those on GitHub.
NOTE: If you are installing an extension from GitHub, you'll need to have `git`
installed on your machine. See
[git installation instructions](https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Getting-Started-Installing-Git)
for help.
```
gemini extensions install <source> [--ref <ref>] [--auto-update] [--pre-release] [--consent]
```
- `<source>`: The github URL or local path of the extension to install.
- `--ref`: The git ref to install from.
- `--auto-update`: Enable auto-update for this extension.
- `--pre-release`: Enable pre-release versions for this extension.
- `--consent`: Acknowledge the security risks of installing an extension and
skip the confirmation prompt.
### Uninstalling an extension
To uninstall one or more extensions, run
`gemini extensions uninstall <name...>`:
```
gemini extensions uninstall gemini-cli-security gemini-cli-another-extension
```
### Disabling an extension
Extensions are, by default, enabled across all workspaces. You can disable an
extension entirely or for specific workspace.
```
gemini extensions disable <name> [--scope <scope>]
```
- `<name>`: The name of the extension to disable.
- `--scope`: The scope to disable the extension in (`user` or `workspace`).
### Enabling an extension
You can enable extensions using `gemini extensions enable <name>`. You can also
enable an extension for a specific workspace using
`gemini extensions enable <name> --scope=workspace` from within that workspace.
```
gemini extensions enable <name> [--scope <scope>]
```
- `<name>`: The name of the extension to enable.
- `--scope`: The scope to enable the extension in (`user` or `workspace`).
### Updating an extension
For extensions installed from a local path or a git repository, you can
explicitly update to the latest version (as reflected in the
`gemini-extension.json` `version` field) with `gemini extensions update <name>`.
You can update all extensions with:
```
gemini extensions update --all
```
### Create a boilerplate extension
We offer several example extensions `context`, `custom-commands`,
`exclude-tools` and `mcp-server`. You can view these examples
[here](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/tree/main/packages/cli/src/commands/extensions/examples).
To copy one of these examples into a development directory using the type of
your choosing, run:
```
gemini extensions new <path> [template]
```
- `<path>`: The path to create the extension in.
- `[template]`: The boilerplate template to use.
### Link a local extension
The `gemini extensions link` command will create a symbolic link from the
extension installation directory to the development path.
This is useful so you don't have to run `gemini extensions update` every time
you make changes you'd like to test.
```
gemini extensions link <path>
```
- `<path>`: The path of the extension to link.
## Extension format
On startup, Gemini CLI looks for extensions in `<home>/.gemini/extensions`
Extensions exist as a directory that contains a `gemini-extension.json` file.
For example:
`<home>/.gemini/extensions/my-extension/gemini-extension.json`
### `gemini-extension.json`
The `gemini-extension.json` file contains the configuration for the extension.
The file has the following structure:
```json
{
"name": "my-extension",
"version": "1.0.0",
"description": "My awesome extension",
"mcpServers": {
"my-server": {
"command": "node my-server.js"
}
},
"contextFileName": "GEMINI.md",
"excludeTools": ["run_shell_command"]
}
```
- `name`: The name of the extension. This is used to uniquely identify the
extension and for conflict resolution when extension commands have the same
name as user or project commands. The name should be lowercase or numbers and
use dashes instead of underscores or spaces. This is how users will refer to
your extension in the CLI. Note that we expect this name to match the
extension directory name.
- `version`: The version of the extension.
- `description`: A short description of the extension. This will be displayed on
[geminicli.com/extensions](https://geminicli.com/extensions).
- `mcpServers`: A map of MCP servers to settings. The key is the name of the
server, and the value is the server configuration. These servers will be
loaded on startup just like MCP servers settingsd in a
[`settings.json` file](../get-started/configuration.md). If both an extension
and a `settings.json` file settings an MCP server with the same name, the
server defined in the `settings.json` file takes precedence.
- Note that all MCP server configuration options are supported except for
`trust`.
- `contextFileName`: The name of the file that contains the context for the
extension. This will be used to load the context from the extension directory.
If this property is not used but a `GEMINI.md` file is present in your
extension directory, then that file will be loaded.
- `excludeTools`: An array of tool names to exclude from the model. You can also
specify command-specific restrictions for tools that support it, like the
`run_shell_command` tool. For example,
`"excludeTools": ["run_shell_command(rm -rf)"]` will block the `rm -rf`
command. Note that this differs from the MCP server `excludeTools`
functionality, which can be listed in the MCP server config.
- `themes`: An array of custom themes provided by the extension. Each theme is
an object that defines the color scheme for the CLI UI. See the
[Themes guide](../cli/themes.md) for more details on the theme format.
When Gemini CLI starts, it loads all the extensions and merges their
configurations. If there are any conflicts, the workspace configuration takes
precedence.
### Settings
Extensions can define settings that the user will be prompted to provide upon
installation. This is useful for things like API keys, URLs, or other
configuration that the extension needs to function.
To define settings, add a `settings` array to your `gemini-extension.json` file.
Each object in the array should have the following properties:
- `name`: A user-friendly name for the setting.
- `description`: A description of the setting and what it's used for.
- `envVar`: The name of the environment variable that the setting will be stored
as.
- `sensitive`: Optional boolean. If true, obfuscates the input the user provides
and stores the secret in keychain storage. **Example**
```json
{
"name": "my-api-extension",
"version": "1.0.0",
"settings": [
{
"name": "API Key",
"description": "Your API key for the service.",
"envVar": "MY_API_KEY"
}
]
}
```
When a user installs this extension, they will be prompted to enter their API
key. The value will be saved to a `.env` file in the extension's directory
(e.g., `<home>/.gemini/extensions/my-api-extension/.env`).
You can view a list of an extension's settings by running:
```
gemini extensions list
```
and you can update a given setting using:
```
gemini extensions config <extension name> [setting name] [--scope <scope>]
```
- `--scope`: The scope to set the setting in (`user` or `workspace`). This is
optional and will default to `user`.
### Custom commands
Extensions can provide [custom commands](../cli/custom-commands.md) by placing
TOML files in a `commands/` subdirectory within the extension directory. These
commands follow the same format as user and project custom commands and use
standard naming conventions.
**Example**
An extension named `gcp` with the following structure:
```
.gemini/extensions/gcp/
├── gemini-extension.json
└── commands/
├── deploy.toml
└── gcs/
└── sync.toml
```
Would provide these commands:
- `/deploy` - Shows as `[gcp] Custom command from deploy.toml` in help
- `/gcs:sync` - Shows as `[gcp] Custom command from sync.toml` in help
### Hooks
Extensions can provide [hooks](../hooks/index.md) to intercept and customize
Gemini CLI behavior at specific lifecycle events. Hooks provided by an extension
must be defined in a `hooks/hooks.json` file within the extension directory.
> [!IMPORTANT] Hooks are not defined directly in `gemini-extension.json`. The
> CLI specifically looks for the `hooks/hooks.json` file.
### Agent Skills
Extensions can bundle [Agent Skills](../cli/skills.md) to provide specialized
workflows. Skills must be placed in a `skills/` directory within the extension.
**Example**
An extension with the following structure:
```
.gemini/extensions/my-extension/
├── gemini-extension.json
└── skills/
└── security-audit/
└── SKILL.md
```
Will expose a `security-audit` skill that the model can activate.
### Sub-agents
> **Note: Sub-agents are currently an experimental feature.**
Extensions can provide [sub-agents](../core/subagents.md) that users can
delegate tasks to.
To bundle sub-agents with your extension, create an `agents/` directory in your
extension's root folder and add your agent definition files (`.md`) there.
**Example**
```
.gemini/extensions/my-extension/
├── gemini-extension.json
└── agents/
├── security-auditor.md
└── database-expert.md
```
Gemini CLI will automatically discover and load these agents when the extension
is installed and enabled.
### Themes
Extensions can provide custom themes to personalize the CLI UI. Themes are
defined in the `themes` array in `gemini-extension.json`.
**Example**
```json
{
"name": "my-green-extension",
"version": "1.0.0",
"themes": [
{
"name": "shades-of-green",
"type": "custom",
"background": {
"primary": "#1a362a"
},
"text": {
"primary": "#a6e3a1",
"secondary": "#6e8e7a",
"link": "#89e689"
},
"status": {
"success": "#76c076",
"warning": "#d9e689",
"error": "#b34e4e"
},
"border": {
"default": "#4a6c5a"
},
"ui": {
"comment": "#6e8e7a"
}
}
]
}
```
Custom themes provided by extensions can be selected using the `/theme` command
or by setting the `ui.theme` property in your `settings.json` file. Note that
when referring to a theme from an extension, the extension name is appended to
the theme name in parentheses, e.g., `shades-of-green (my-green-extension)`.
### Conflict resolution
Extension commands have the lowest precedence. When a conflict occurs with user
or project commands:
1. **No conflict**: Extension command uses its natural name (e.g., `/deploy`)
2. **With conflict**: Extension command is renamed with the extension prefix
(e.g., `/gcp.deploy`)
For example, if both a user and the `gcp` extension define a `deploy` command:
- `/deploy` - Executes the user's deploy command
- `/gcp.deploy` - Executes the extension's deploy command (marked with `[gcp]`
tag)
## Variables
Gemini CLI extensions allow variable substitution in both
`gemini-extension.json` and `hooks/hooks.json`. This can be useful if e.g., you
need the current directory to run an MCP server using an argument like
`"args": ["${extensionPath}${/}dist${/}server.js"]`.
**Supported variables:**
| variable | description |
| -------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `${extensionPath}` | The fully-qualified path of the extension in the user's filesystem e.g., '/Users/username/.gemini/extensions/example-extension'. This will not unwrap symlinks. |
| `${workspacePath}` | The fully-qualified path of the current workspace. |
| `${/} or ${pathSeparator}` | The path separator (differs per OS). |
+11 -5
View File
@@ -166,21 +166,19 @@ a few things you can try in order of recommendation:
- **Default:** All tools available for use by the Gemini model.
- **Example:** `"coreTools": ["ReadFileTool", "GlobTool", "ShellTool(ls)"]`.
- **`allowedTools`** (array of strings) [DEPRECATED]:
- **`allowedTools`** (array of strings):
- **Default:** `undefined`
- **Description:** A list of tool names that will bypass the confirmation
dialog. This is useful for tools that you trust and use frequently. The
match semantics are the same as `coreTools`. **Deprecated**: Use the
[Policy Engine](../core/policy-engine.md) instead.
match semantics are the same as `coreTools`.
- **Example:** `"allowedTools": ["ShellTool(git status)"]`.
- **`excludeTools`** (array of strings) [DEPRECATED]:
- **`excludeTools`** (array of strings):
- **Description:** Allows you to specify a list of core tool names that should
be excluded from the model. A tool listed in both `excludeTools` and
`coreTools` is excluded. You can also specify command-specific restrictions
for tools that support it, like the `ShellTool`. For example,
`"excludeTools": ["ShellTool(rm -rf)"]` will block the `rm -rf` command.
**Deprecated**: Use the [Policy Engine](../core/policy-engine.md) instead.
- **Default**: No tools excluded.
- **Example:** `"excludeTools": ["run_shell_command", "findFiles"]`.
- **Security Note:** Command-specific restrictions in `excludeTools` for
@@ -217,6 +215,14 @@ a few things you can try in order of recommendation:
MCP servers of their own. This should not be used as an airtight security
mechanism.
- **`autoAccept`** (boolean):
- **Description:** Controls whether the CLI automatically accepts and executes
tool calls that are considered safe (e.g., read-only operations) without
explicit user confirmation. If set to `true`, the CLI will bypass the
confirmation prompt for tools deemed safe.
- **Default:** `false`
- **Example:** `"autoAccept": true`
- **`theme`** (string):
- **Description:** Sets the visual [theme](../cli/themes.md) for Gemini CLI.
- **Default:** `"Default"`
+89 -150
View File
@@ -96,15 +96,12 @@ their corresponding top-level category object in your `settings.json` file.
<!-- SETTINGS-AUTOGEN:START -->
#### `policyPaths`
- **`policyPaths`** (array):
- **Description:** Additional policy files or directories to load.
- **Default:** `[]`
- **Requires restart:** Yes
#### `general`
- **`general.previewFeatures`** (boolean):
- **Description:** Enable preview features (e.g., preview models).
- **Default:** `false`
- **`general.preferredEditor`** (string):
- **Description:** The preferred editor to open files in.
- **Default:** `undefined`
@@ -113,17 +110,6 @@ their corresponding top-level category object in your `settings.json` file.
- **Description:** Enable Vim keybindings
- **Default:** `false`
- **`general.defaultApprovalMode`** (enum):
- **Description:** The default approval mode for tool execution. 'default'
prompts for approval, 'auto_edit' auto-approves edit tools, and 'plan' is
read-only mode. 'yolo' is not supported yet.
- **Default:** `"default"`
- **Values:** `"default"`, `"auto_edit"`, `"plan"`
- **`general.devtools`** (boolean):
- **Description:** Enable DevTools inspector on launch.
- **Default:** `false`
- **`general.enableAutoUpdate`** (boolean):
- **Description:** Enable automatic updates.
- **Default:** `true`
@@ -157,8 +143,8 @@ their corresponding top-level category object in your `settings.json` file.
- **Default:** `false`
- **`general.sessionRetention.maxAge`** (string):
- **Description:** Automatically delete chats older than this time period
(e.g., "30d", "7d", "24h", "1w")
- **Description:** Maximum age of sessions to keep (e.g., "30d", "7d", "24h",
"1w")
- **Default:** `undefined`
- **`general.sessionRetention.maxCount`** (number):
@@ -170,11 +156,6 @@ their corresponding top-level category object in your `settings.json` file.
- **Description:** Minimum retention period (safety limit, defaults to "1d")
- **Default:** `"1d"`
- **`general.sessionRetention.warningAcknowledged`** (boolean):
- **Description:** INTERNAL: Whether the user has acknowledged the session
retention warning
- **Default:** `false`
#### `output`
- **`output.format`** (enum):
@@ -189,15 +170,6 @@ their corresponding top-level category object in your `settings.json` file.
available options.
- **Default:** `undefined`
- **`ui.autoThemeSwitching`** (boolean):
- **Description:** Automatically switch between default light and dark themes
based on terminal background color.
- **Default:** `true`
- **`ui.terminalBackgroundPollingInterval`** (number):
- **Description:** Interval in seconds to poll the terminal background color.
- **Default:** `60`
- **`ui.customThemes`** (object):
- **Description:** Custom theme definitions.
- **Default:** `{}`
@@ -207,11 +179,6 @@ their corresponding top-level category object in your `settings.json` file.
- **Default:** `false`
- **Requires restart:** Yes
- **`ui.inlineThinkingMode`** (enum):
- **Description:** Display model thinking inline: off or full.
- **Default:** `"off"`
- **Values:** `"off"`, `"full"`
- **`ui.showStatusInTitle`** (boolean):
- **Description:** Show Gemini CLI model thoughts in the terminal window title
during the working phase
@@ -232,10 +199,6 @@ their corresponding top-level category object in your `settings.json` file.
- **Description:** Hide helpful tips in the UI
- **Default:** `false`
- **`ui.showShortcutsHint`** (boolean):
- **Description:** Show the "? for shortcuts" hint above the input.
- **Default:** `true`
- **`ui.hideBanner`** (boolean):
- **Description:** Hide the application banner
- **Default:** `false`
@@ -281,8 +244,8 @@ their corresponding top-level category object in your `settings.json` file.
- **Description:** Show the model name in the chat for each model turn.
- **Default:** `false`
- **`ui.showUserIdentity`** (boolean):
- **Description:** Show the logged-in user's identity (e.g. email) in the UI.
- **`ui.useFullWidth`** (boolean):
- **Description:** Use the entire width of the terminal for output.
- **Default:** `true`
- **`ui.useAlternateBuffer`** (boolean):
@@ -291,10 +254,6 @@ their corresponding top-level category object in your `settings.json` file.
- **Default:** `false`
- **Requires restart:** Yes
- **`ui.useBackgroundColor`** (boolean):
- **Description:** Whether to use background colors in the UI.
- **Default:** `true`
- **`ui.incrementalRendering`** (boolean):
- **Description:** Enable incremental rendering for the UI. This option will
reduce flickering but may cause rendering artifacts. Only supported when
@@ -302,10 +261,6 @@ their corresponding top-level category object in your `settings.json` file.
- **Default:** `true`
- **Requires restart:** Yes
- **`ui.showSpinner`** (boolean):
- **Description:** Show the spinner during operations.
- **Default:** `true`
- **`ui.customWittyPhrases`** (array):
- **Description:** Custom witty phrases to display during loading. When
provided, the CLI cycles through these instead of the defaults.
@@ -363,12 +318,6 @@ their corresponding top-level category object in your `settings.json` file.
- **Default:** `0.5`
- **Requires restart:** Yes
- **`model.disableLoopDetection`** (boolean):
- **Description:** Disable automatic detection and prevention of infinite
loops.
- **Default:** `false`
- **Requires restart:** Yes
- **`model.skipNextSpeakerCheck`** (boolean):
- **Description:** Skip the next speaker check.
- **Default:** `true`
@@ -459,12 +408,6 @@ their corresponding top-level category object in your `settings.json` file.
"model": "gemini-2.5-flash"
}
},
"gemini-3-flash-base": {
"extends": "base",
"modelConfig": {
"model": "gemini-3-flash-preview"
}
},
"classifier": {
"extends": "base",
"modelConfig": {
@@ -520,7 +463,7 @@ their corresponding top-level category object in your `settings.json` file.
}
},
"web-search": {
"extends": "gemini-3-flash-base",
"extends": "gemini-2.5-flash-base",
"modelConfig": {
"generateContentConfig": {
"tools": [
@@ -532,7 +475,7 @@ their corresponding top-level category object in your `settings.json` file.
}
},
"web-fetch": {
"extends": "gemini-3-flash-base",
"extends": "gemini-2.5-flash-base",
"modelConfig": {
"generateContentConfig": {
"tools": [
@@ -544,25 +487,25 @@ their corresponding top-level category object in your `settings.json` file.
}
},
"web-fetch-fallback": {
"extends": "gemini-3-flash-base",
"extends": "gemini-2.5-flash-base",
"modelConfig": {}
},
"loop-detection": {
"extends": "gemini-3-flash-base",
"extends": "gemini-2.5-flash-base",
"modelConfig": {}
},
"loop-detection-double-check": {
"extends": "base",
"modelConfig": {
"model": "gemini-3-pro-preview"
"model": "gemini-2.5-pro"
}
},
"llm-edit-fixer": {
"extends": "gemini-3-flash-base",
"extends": "gemini-2.5-flash-base",
"modelConfig": {}
},
"next-speaker-checker": {
"extends": "gemini-3-flash-base",
"extends": "gemini-2.5-flash-base",
"modelConfig": {}
},
"chat-compression-3-pro": {
@@ -592,7 +535,7 @@ their corresponding top-level category object in your `settings.json` file.
},
"chat-compression-default": {
"modelConfig": {
"model": "gemini-3-pro-preview"
"model": "gemini-2.5-pro"
}
}
}
@@ -669,14 +612,6 @@ their corresponding top-level category object in your `settings.json` file.
- **Default:** `true`
- **Requires restart:** Yes
- **`context.fileFiltering.customIgnoreFilePaths`** (array):
- **Description:** Additional ignore file paths to respect. These files take
precedence over .geminiignore and .gitignore. Files earlier in the array
take precedence over files later in the array, e.g. the first file takes
precedence over the second one.
- **Default:** `[]`
- **Requires restart:** Yes
#### `tools`
- **`tools.sandbox`** (boolean | string):
@@ -710,6 +645,11 @@ their corresponding top-level category object in your `settings.json` file.
performance.
- **Default:** `true`
- **`tools.autoAccept`** (boolean):
- **Description:** Automatically accept and execute tool calls that are
considered safe (e.g., read-only operations).
- **Default:** `false`
- **`tools.core`** (array):
- **Description:** Restrict the set of built-in tools with an allowlist. Match
semantics mirror tools.allowed; see the built-in tools documentation for
@@ -747,16 +687,32 @@ their corresponding top-level category object in your `settings.json` file.
implementation. Provides faster search performance.
- **Default:** `true`
- **`tools.enableToolOutputTruncation`** (boolean):
- **Description:** Enable truncation of large tool outputs.
- **Default:** `true`
- **Requires restart:** Yes
- **`tools.truncateToolOutputThreshold`** (number):
- **Description:** Maximum characters to show when truncating large tool
outputs. Set to 0 or negative to disable truncation.
- **Default:** `40000`
- **Description:** Truncate tool output if it is larger than this many
characters. Set to -1 to disable.
- **Default:** `4000000`
- **Requires restart:** Yes
- **`tools.truncateToolOutputLines`** (number):
- **Description:** The number of lines to keep when truncating tool output.
- **Default:** `1000`
- **Requires restart:** Yes
- **`tools.disableLLMCorrection`** (boolean):
- **Description:** Disable LLM-based error correction for edit tools. When
enabled, tools will fail immediately if exact string matches are not found,
instead of attempting to self-correct.
- **Default:** `false`
- **Requires restart:** Yes
- **`tools.enableHooks`** (boolean):
- **Description:** Enables the hooks system experiment. When disabled, the
hooks system is completely deactivated regardless of other settings.
- **Default:** `true`
- **Requires restart:** Yes
@@ -800,16 +756,9 @@ their corresponding top-level category object in your `settings.json` file.
- **Default:** `false`
- **Requires restart:** Yes
- **`security.allowedExtensions`** (array):
- **Description:** List of Regex patterns for allowed extensions. If nonempty,
only extensions that match the patterns in this list are allowed. Overrides
the blockGitExtensions setting.
- **Default:** `[]`
- **Requires restart:** Yes
- **`security.folderTrust.enabled`** (boolean):
- **Description:** Setting to track whether Folder trust is enabled.
- **Default:** `true`
- **Default:** `false`
- **Requires restart:** Yes
- **`security.environmentVariableRedaction.allowed`** (array):
@@ -870,28 +819,6 @@ their corresponding top-level category object in your `settings.json` file.
#### `experimental`
- **`experimental.toolOutputMasking.enabled`** (boolean):
- **Description:** Enables tool output masking to save tokens.
- **Default:** `true`
- **Requires restart:** Yes
- **`experimental.toolOutputMasking.toolProtectionThreshold`** (number):
- **Description:** Minimum number of tokens to protect from masking (most
recent tool outputs).
- **Default:** `50000`
- **Requires restart:** Yes
- **`experimental.toolOutputMasking.minPrunableTokensThreshold`** (number):
- **Description:** Minimum prunable tokens required to trigger a masking pass.
- **Default:** `30000`
- **Requires restart:** Yes
- **`experimental.toolOutputMasking.protectLatestTurn`** (boolean):
- **Description:** Ensures the absolute latest turn is never masked,
regardless of token count.
- **Default:** `true`
- **Requires restart:** Yes
- **`experimental.enableAgents`** (boolean):
- **Description:** Enable local and remote subagents. Warning: Experimental
feature, uses YOLO mode for subagents
@@ -905,11 +832,11 @@ their corresponding top-level category object in your `settings.json` file.
- **`experimental.extensionConfig`** (boolean):
- **Description:** Enable requesting and fetching of extension settings.
- **Default:** `true`
- **Default:** `false`
- **Requires restart:** Yes
- **`experimental.extensionRegistry`** (boolean):
- **Description:** Enable extension registry explore UI.
- **`experimental.enableEventDrivenScheduler`** (boolean):
- **Description:** Enables event-driven scheduler within the CLI session.
- **Default:** `false`
- **Requires restart:** Yes
@@ -923,11 +850,48 @@ their corresponding top-level category object in your `settings.json` file.
- **Default:** `false`
- **Requires restart:** Yes
- **`experimental.skills`** (boolean):
- **Description:** Enable Agent Skills (experimental).
- **Default:** `false`
- **Requires restart:** Yes
- **`experimental.codebaseInvestigatorSettings.enabled`** (boolean):
- **Description:** Enable the Codebase Investigator agent.
- **Default:** `true`
- **Requires restart:** Yes
- **`experimental.codebaseInvestigatorSettings.maxNumTurns`** (number):
- **Description:** Maximum number of turns for the Codebase Investigator
agent.
- **Default:** `10`
- **Requires restart:** Yes
- **`experimental.codebaseInvestigatorSettings.maxTimeMinutes`** (number):
- **Description:** Maximum time for the Codebase Investigator agent (in
minutes).
- **Default:** `3`
- **Requires restart:** Yes
- **`experimental.codebaseInvestigatorSettings.thinkingBudget`** (number):
- **Description:** The thinking budget for the Codebase Investigator agent.
- **Default:** `8192`
- **Requires restart:** Yes
- **`experimental.codebaseInvestigatorSettings.model`** (string):
- **Description:** The model to use for the Codebase Investigator agent.
- **Default:** `"auto"`
- **Requires restart:** Yes
- **`experimental.useOSC52Paste`** (boolean):
- **Description:** Use OSC 52 sequence for pasting instead of clipboardy
(useful for remote sessions).
- **Default:** `false`
- **`experimental.cliHelpAgentSettings.enabled`** (boolean):
- **Description:** Enable the CLI Help Agent.
- **Default:** `true`
- **Requires restart:** Yes
- **`experimental.plan`** (boolean):
- **Description:** Enable planning features (Plan Mode and tools).
- **Default:** `false`
@@ -935,35 +899,27 @@ their corresponding top-level category object in your `settings.json` file.
#### `skills`
- **`skills.enabled`** (boolean):
- **Description:** Enable Agent Skills.
- **Default:** `true`
- **Requires restart:** Yes
- **`skills.disabled`** (array):
- **Description:** List of disabled skills.
- **Default:** `[]`
- **Requires restart:** Yes
#### `hooksConfig`
#### `hooks`
- **`hooksConfig.enabled`** (boolean):
- **`hooks.enabled`** (boolean):
- **Description:** Canonical toggle for the hooks system. When disabled, no
hooks will be executed.
- **Default:** `true`
- **Requires restart:** Yes
- **Default:** `false`
- **`hooksConfig.disabled`** (array):
- **`hooks.disabled`** (array):
- **Description:** List of hook names (commands) that should be disabled.
Hooks in this list will not execute even if configured.
- **Default:** `[]`
- **`hooksConfig.notifications`** (boolean):
- **`hooks.notifications`** (boolean):
- **Description:** Show visual indicators when hooks are executing.
- **Default:** `true`
#### `hooks`
- **`hooks.BeforeTool`** (array):
- **Description:** Hooks that execute before tool execution. Can intercept,
validate, or modify tool calls.
@@ -1034,10 +990,6 @@ their corresponding top-level category object in your `settings.json` file.
- **Description:** If false, disallows MCP servers from being used.
- **Default:** `true`
- **`admin.mcp.config`** (object):
- **Description:** Admin-configured MCP servers.
- **Default:** `{}`
- **`admin.skills.enabled`** (boolean):
- **Description:** If false, disallows agent skills from being used.
- **Default:** `true`
@@ -1219,13 +1171,6 @@ the `advanced.excludedEnvVars` setting in your `settings.json` file.
- Specifies the default Gemini model to use.
- Overrides the hardcoded default
- Example: `export GEMINI_MODEL="gemini-3-flash-preview"`
- **`GEMINI_CLI_HOME`**:
- Specifies the root directory for Gemini CLI's user-level configuration and
storage.
- By default, this is the user's system home directory. The CLI will create a
`.gemini` folder inside this directory.
- Useful for shared compute environments or keeping CLI state isolated.
- Example: `export GEMINI_CLI_HOME="/path/to/user/config"`
- **`GOOGLE_API_KEY`**:
- Your Google Cloud API key.
- Required for using Vertex AI in express mode.
@@ -1246,10 +1191,6 @@ the `advanced.excludedEnvVars` setting in your `settings.json` file.
- **Description:** The path to your Google Application Credentials JSON file.
- **Example:**
`export GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS="/path/to/your/credentials.json"`
- **`GOOGLE_GENAI_API_VERSION`**:
- Specifies the API version to use for Gemini API requests.
- When set, overrides the default API version used by the SDK.
- Example: `export GOOGLE_GENAI_API_VERSION="v1"`
- **`OTLP_GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT`**:
- Your Google Cloud Project ID for Telemetry in Google Cloud
- Example: `export OTLP_GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT="YOUR_PROJECT_ID"`.
@@ -1302,10 +1243,7 @@ the `advanced.excludedEnvVars` setting in your `settings.json` file.
few other folders, see
`packages/cli/src/utils/sandbox-macos-permissive-open.sb`) but allows other
operations.
- `restrictive-open`: Declines operations by default, allows network.
- `strict-open`: Restricts both reads and writes to the working directory,
allows network.
- `strict-proxied`: Same as `strict-open` but routes network through proxy.
- `strict`: Uses a strict profile that declines operations by default.
- `<profile_name>`: Uses a custom profile. To define a custom profile, create
a file named `sandbox-macos-<profile_name>.sb` in your project's `.gemini/`
directory (e.g., `my-project/.gemini/sandbox-macos-custom.sb`).
@@ -1379,9 +1317,10 @@ for that specific session.
- Specifies the Gemini model to use for this session.
- Example: `npm start -- --model gemini-3-pro-preview`
- **`--prompt <your_prompt>`** (**`-p <your_prompt>`**):
- **Deprecated:** Use positional arguments instead.
- Used to pass a prompt directly to the command. This invokes Gemini CLI in a
non-interactive mode.
- For scripting examples, use the `--output-format json` flag to get
structured output.
- **`--prompt-interactive <your_prompt>`** (**`-i <your_prompt>`**):
- Starts an interactive session with the provided prompt as the initial input.
- The prompt is processed within the interactive session, not before it.
+117 -37
View File
@@ -1,18 +1,13 @@
# Gemini CLI examples
Gemini CLI helps you automate common engineering tasks by combining AI reasoning
with local system tools. This document provides examples of how to use the CLI
for file management, code analysis, and data transformation.
Not sure where to get started with Gemini CLI? This document covers examples on
how to use Gemini CLI for a variety of tasks.
> **Note:** These examples demonstrate potential capabilities. Your actual
> results can vary based on the model used and your project environment.
**Note:** Results are examples intended to showcase potential use cases. Your
results may vary.
## Rename your photographs based on content
You can use Gemini CLI to automate file management tasks that require visual
analysis. In this example, Gemini CLI renames images based on their actual
subject matter.
Scenario: You have a folder containing the following files:
```bash
@@ -27,9 +22,9 @@ Give Gemini the following prompt:
Rename the photos in my "photos" directory based on their contents.
```
Result: Gemini asks for permission to rename your files.
Result: Gemini will ask for permission to rename your files.
Select **Allow once** and your files are renamed:
Select **Allow once** and your files will be renamed:
```bash
photos/yellow_flowers.png
@@ -39,9 +34,6 @@ photos/green_android_robot.png
## Explain a repository by reading its code
Gemini CLI is effective for rapid codebase exploration. The following example
shows how to ask Gemini CLI to fetch, analyze, and summarize a remote project.
Scenario: You want to understand how a popular open-source utility works by
inspecting its code, not just its README.
@@ -51,14 +43,15 @@ Give Gemini CLI the following prompt:
Clone the 'chalk' repository from https://github.com/chalk/chalk, read its key source files, and explain how it works.
```
Result: Gemini performs a sequence of actions to answer your request.
Result: Gemini will perform a sequence of actions to answer your request.
1. First, it asks for permission to run `git clone` to download the repository.
2. Next, it finds the important source files and asks for permission to read
1. First, it will ask for permission to run `git clone` to download the
repository.
2. Next, it will find the important source files and ask for permission to read
them.
3. Finally, after analyzing the code, it provides a summary.
3. Finally, after analyzing the code, it will provide a summary.
Gemini CLI returns an explanation based on the actual source code:
Gemini CLI will return an explanation based on the actual source code:
```markdown
The `chalk` library is a popular npm package for styling terminal output with
@@ -81,11 +74,25 @@ colors. After analyzing the source code, here's how it works:
## Combine two spreadsheets into one spreadsheet
Gemini CLI can process and transform data across multiple files. Use this
capability to merge reports or reformat data sets without manual copying.
Scenario: You have two .csv files: `Revenue - 2023.csv` and
`Revenue - 2024.csv`. Each file contains monthly revenue figures.
`Revenue - 2024.csv`. Each file contains monthly revenue figures, like so:
```csv
January,0
February,0
March,0
April,900
May,1000
June,1000
July,1200
August,1800
September,2000
October,2400
November,3400
December,2100
```
You want to combine these two .csv files into a single .csv file.
Give Gemini CLI the following prompt:
@@ -93,8 +100,9 @@ Give Gemini CLI the following prompt:
Combine the two .csv files into a single .csv file, with each year a different column.
```
Result: Gemini CLI reads each file and then asks for permission to write a new
file. Provide your permission and Gemini CLI provides the combined data:
Result: Gemini CLI will read each file and then ask for permission to write a
new file. Provide your permission and Gemini CLI will provide the following
.csv:
```csv
Month,2023,2024
@@ -114,10 +122,6 @@ December,2100,9000
## Run unit tests
Gemini CLI can generate boilerplate code and tests based on your existing
implementation. This example demonstrates how to request code coverage for a
JavaScript component.
Scenario: You've written a simple login page. You wish to write unit tests to
ensure that your login page has code coverage.
@@ -127,13 +131,89 @@ Give Gemini CLI the following prompt:
Write unit tests for Login.js.
```
Result: Gemini CLI asks for permission to write a new file and creates a test
for your login page.
Result: Gemini CLI will ask for permission to write a new file and create a test
for your login page
## Next steps
```javascript
import React from 'react';
import { render, fireEvent, waitFor } from '@testing-library/react';
import Login from './Login';
- Explore the [User guides](../cli/index.md#user-guides) for detailed
walkthroughs of common tasks.
- Follow the [Quickstart](./index.md) to start your first session.
- See the [Cheatsheet](../cli/cli-reference.md) for a quick reference of
available commands.
// Mock the API call for login
jest.mock('./api', () => ({
login: jest.fn(),
}));
describe('Login component', () => {
it('renders the login form correctly', () => {
const { getByLabelText, getByText } = render(<Login />);
expect(getByLabelText('Username')).toBeInTheDocument();
expect(getByLabelText('Password')).toBeInTheDocument();
expect(getByText('Login')).toBeInTheDocument();
});
it('shows an error message with invalid credentials', async () => {
const { getByLabelText, getByText, findByText } = render(<Login />);
const usernameInput = getByLabelText('Username');
const passwordInput = getByLabelText('Password');
const loginButton = getByText('Login');
// Mock the API to return an error
require('./api').login.mockRejectedValue(new Error('Invalid credentials'));
fireEvent.change(usernameInput, { target: { value: 'testuser' } });
fireEvent.change(passwordInput, { target: { value: 'wrongpassword' } });
fireEvent.click(loginButton);
const errorMessage = await findByText('Invalid credentials');
expect(errorMessage).toBeInTheDocument();
});
it('logs in successfully with valid credentials', async () => {
const onLoginSuccess = jest.fn();
const { getByLabelText, getByText } = render(
<Login onLoginSuccess={onLoginSuccess} />,
);
const usernameInput = getByLabelText('Username');
const passwordInput = getByLabelText('Password');
const loginButton = getByText('Login');
// Mock the API to return a success message
require('./api').login.mockResolvedValue({ success: true });
fireEvent.change(usernameInput, { target: { value: 'testuser' } });
fireEvent.change(passwordInput, { target: { value: 'correctpassword' } });
fireEvent.click(loginButton);
await waitFor(() => {
expect(onLoginSuccess).toHaveBeenCalled();
});
});
it('disables the submit button while submitting', async () => {
const { getByLabelText, getByText } = render(<Login />);
const usernameInput = getByLabelText('Username');
const passwordInput = getByLabelText('Password');
const loginButton = getByText('Login');
// Mock the API to have a delay
require('./api').login.mockImplementation(
() =>
new Promise((resolve) =>
setTimeout(() => resolve({ success: true }), 1000),
),
);
fireEvent.change(usernameInput, { target: { value: 'testuser' } });
fireEvent.change(passwordInput, { target: { value: 'correctpassword' } });
fireEvent.click(loginButton);
expect(loginButton).toBeDisabled();
await waitFor(() => {
expect(loginButton).not.toBeDisabled();
});
});
});
```
+4 -6
View File
@@ -64,10 +64,8 @@ and more.
To explore the power of Gemini CLI, see [Gemini CLI examples](./examples.md).
## Next steps
## What's next?
- Follow the [File management](../cli/tutorials/file-management.md) guide to
start working with your codebase.
- See [Shell commands](../cli/tutorials/shell-commands.md) to learn about
terminal integration.
- Explore the full range of [User guides](../cli/index.md#user-guides).
- Find out more about [Gemini CLI's tools](../tools/index.md).
- Review [Gemini CLI's commands](../cli/commands.md).
- Learn how to [get started with Gemini 3](./gemini-3.md).
+79 -112
View File
@@ -1,98 +1,43 @@
# Gemini CLI installation, execution, and releases
# Gemini CLI installation, execution, and deployment
This document provides an overview of Gemini CLI's sytem requriements,
installation methods, and release types.
Install and run Gemini CLI. This document provides an overview of Gemini CLI's
installation methods and deployment architecture.
## Recommended system specifications
## How to install and/or run Gemini CLI
- **Operating System:**
- macOS 15+
- Windows 11 24H2+
- Ubuntu 20.04+
- **Hardware:**
- "Casual" usage: 4GB+ RAM (short sessions, common tasks and edits)
- "Power" usage: 16GB+ RAM (long sessions, large codebases, deep context)
- **Runtime:** Node.js 20.0.0+
- **Shell:** Bash or Zsh
- **Location:**
[Gemini Code Assist supported locations](https://developers.google.com/gemini-code-assist/resources/available-locations#americas)
- **Internet connection required**
There are several ways to run Gemini CLI. The recommended option depends on how
you intend to use Gemini CLI.
## Install Gemini CLI
We recommend most users install Gemini CLI using one of the following
installation methods:
- npm
- Homebrew
- MacPorts
- Anaconda
Note that Gemini CLI comes pre-installed on
[**Cloud Shell**](https://docs.cloud.google.com/shell/docs) and
[**Cloud Workstations**](https://cloud.google.com/workstations).
### Install globally with npm
```bash
npm install -g @google/gemini-cli
```
### Install globally with Homebrew (macOS/Linux)
```bash
brew install gemini-cli
```
### Install globally with MacPorts (macOS)
```bash
sudo port install gemini-cli
```
### Install with Anaconda (for restricted environments)
```bash
# Create and activate a new environment
conda create -y -n gemini_env -c conda-forge nodejs
conda activate gemini_env
# Install Gemini CLI globally via npm (inside the environment)
npm install -g @google/gemini-cli
```
## Run Gemini CLI
For most users, we recommend running Gemini CLI with the `gemini` command:
```bash
gemini
```
For a list of options and additional commands, see the
[CLI cheatsheet](/docs/cli/cli-reference.md).
You can also run Gemini CLI using one of the following advanced methods:
- Run instantly with npx. You can run Gemini CLI without permanent installation.
- As a standard installation. This is the most straightforward method of using
Gemini CLI.
- In a sandbox. This method offers increased security and isolation.
- From the source. This is recommended for contributors to the project.
### Run instantly with npx
### 1. Standard installation (recommended for standard users)
```bash
# Using npx (no installation required)
npx @google/gemini-cli
```
This is the recommended way for end-users to install Gemini CLI. It involves
downloading the Gemini CLI package from the NPM registry.
You can also execute the CLI directly from the main branch on GitHub, which is
helpful for testing features still in development:
- **Global install:**
```bash
npx https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli
```
```bash
npm install -g @google/gemini-cli
```
### Run in a sandbox (Docker/Podman)
Then, run the CLI from anywhere:
```bash
gemini
```
- **NPX execution:**
```bash
# Execute the latest version from NPM without a global install
npx @google/gemini-cli
```
### 2. Run in a sandbox (Docker/Podman)
For security and isolation, Gemini CLI can be run inside a container. This is
the default way that the CLI executes tools that might have side effects.
@@ -111,7 +56,7 @@ the default way that the CLI executes tools that might have side effects.
gemini --sandbox -y -p "your prompt here"
```
### Run from source (recommended for Gemini CLI contributors)
### 3. Run from source (recommended for Gemini CLI contributors)
Contributors to the project will want to run the CLI directly from the source
code.
@@ -134,41 +79,63 @@ code.
gemini
```
## Releases
---
Gemini CLI has three release channels: nightly, preview, and stable. For most
users, we recommend the stable release, which is the default installation.
### 4. Running the latest Gemini CLI commit from GitHub
### Stable
New stable releases are published each week. The stable release is the promotion
of last week's `preview` release along with any bug fixes. The stable release
uses `latest` tag, but omitting the tag also installs the latest stable release
by default:
You can run the most recently committed version of Gemini CLI directly from the
GitHub repository. This is useful for testing features still in development.
```bash
# Both commands install the latest stable release.
npm install -g @google/gemini-cli
npm install -g @google/gemini-cli@latest
# Execute the CLI directly from the main branch on GitHub
npx https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli
```
### Preview
## Deployment architecture
New preview releases will be published each week. These releases are not fully
vetted and may contain regressions or other outstanding issues. Try out the
preview release by using the `preview` tag:
The execution methods described above are made possible by the following
architectural components and processes:
```bash
npm install -g @google/gemini-cli@preview
```
**NPM packages**
### Nightly
Gemini CLI project is a monorepo that publishes two core packages to the NPM
registry:
Nightly releases are published every day. The nightly release includes all
changes from the main branch at time of release. It should be assumed there are
pending validations and issues. You can help test the latest changes by
installing with the `nightly` tag:
- `@google/gemini-cli-core`: The backend, handling logic and tool execution.
- `@google/gemini-cli`: The user-facing frontend.
```bash
npm install -g @google/gemini-cli@nightly
```
These packages are used when performing the standard installation and when
running Gemini CLI from the source.
**Build and packaging processes**
There are two distinct build processes used, depending on the distribution
channel:
- **NPM publication:** For publishing to the NPM registry, the TypeScript source
code in `@google/gemini-cli-core` and `@google/gemini-cli` is transpiled into
standard JavaScript using the TypeScript Compiler (`tsc`). The resulting
`dist/` directory is what gets published in the NPM package. This is a
standard approach for TypeScript libraries.
- **GitHub `npx` execution:** When running the latest version of Gemini CLI
directly from GitHub, a different process is triggered by the `prepare` script
in `package.json`. This script uses `esbuild` to bundle the entire application
and its dependencies into a single, self-contained JavaScript file. This
bundle is created on-the-fly on the user's machine and is not checked into the
repository.
**Docker sandbox image**
The Docker-based execution method is supported by the `gemini-cli-sandbox`
container image. This image is published to a container registry and contains a
pre-installed, global version of Gemini CLI.
## Release process
The release process is automated through GitHub Actions. The release workflow
performs the following actions:
1. Build the NPM packages using `tsc`.
2. Publish the NPM packages to the artifact registry.
3. Create GitHub releases with bundled assets.
+431 -252
View File
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
# Hooks Best Practices
# Hooks on Gemini CLI: Best practices
This guide covers security considerations, performance optimization, debugging
techniques, and privacy considerations for developing and deploying hooks in
@@ -15,20 +15,21 @@ using parallel operations:
// Sequential operations are slower
const data1 = await fetch(url1).then((r) => r.json());
const data2 = await fetch(url2).then((r) => r.json());
const data3 = await fetch(url3).then((r) => r.json());
// Prefer parallel operations for better performance
// Start requests concurrently
const p1 = fetch(url1).then((r) => r.json());
const p2 = fetch(url2).then((r) => r.json());
const p3 = fetch(url3).then((r) => r.json());
// Wait for all results
const [data1, data2] = await Promise.all([p1, p2]);
const [data1, data2, data3] = await Promise.all([p1, p2, p3]);
```
### Cache expensive operations
Store results between invocations to avoid repeated computation, especially for
hooks that run frequently (like `BeforeTool` or `AfterModel`).
Store results between invocations to avoid repeated computation:
```javascript
const fs = require('fs');
@@ -53,7 +54,6 @@ async function main() {
const cacheKey = `tool-list-${(Date.now() / 3600000) | 0}`; // Hourly cache
if (cache[cacheKey]) {
// Write JSON to stdout
console.log(JSON.stringify(cache[cacheKey]));
return;
}
@@ -70,20 +70,32 @@ async function main() {
### Use appropriate events
Choose hook events that match your use case to avoid unnecessary execution.
`AfterAgent` fires once per agent loop completion, while `AfterModel` fires
after every LLM call (potentially multiple times per loop):
- **`AfterAgent`**: Fires **once** per turn after the model finishes its final
response. Use this for quality validation (Retries) or final logging.
- **`AfterModel`**: Fires after **every chunk** of LLM output. Use this for
real-time redaction, PII filtering, or monitoring output as it streams.
If you only need to check the final completion, use `AfterAgent` to save
performance.
```json
// If checking final completion, use AfterAgent instead of AfterModel
{
"hooks": {
"AfterAgent": [
{
"matcher": "*",
"hooks": [
{
"name": "final-checker",
"command": "./check-completion.sh"
}
]
}
]
}
}
```
### Filter with matchers
Use specific matchers to avoid unnecessary hook execution. Instead of matching
all tools with `*`, specify only the tools you need. This saves the overhead of
spawning a process for irrelevant events.
all tools with `*`, specify only the tools you need:
```json
{
@@ -91,7 +103,6 @@ spawning a process for irrelevant events.
"hooks": [
{
"name": "validate-writes",
"type": "command",
"command": "./validate.sh"
}
]
@@ -100,32 +111,30 @@ spawning a process for irrelevant events.
### Optimize JSON parsing
For large inputs (like `AfterModel` receiving a large context), standard JSON
parsing can be slow. If you only need one field, consider streaming parsers or
lightweight extraction logic, though for most shell scripts `jq` is sufficient.
For large inputs, use streaming JSON parsers to avoid loading everything into
memory:
```javascript
// Standard approach: parse entire input
const input = JSON.parse(await readStdin());
const content = input.tool_input.content;
// For very large inputs: stream and extract only needed fields
const { createReadStream } = require('fs');
const JSONStream = require('JSONStream');
const stream = createReadStream(0).pipe(JSONStream.parse('tool_input.content'));
let content = '';
stream.on('data', (chunk) => {
content += chunk;
});
```
## Debugging
### The "Strict JSON" rule
The most common cause of hook failure is "polluting" the standard output.
- **stdout** is for **JSON only**.
- **stderr** is for **logs and text**.
**Good:**
```bash
#!/bin/bash
echo "Starting check..." >&2 # <--- Redirect to stderr
echo '{"decision": "allow"}'
```
### Log to files
Since hooks run in the background, writing to a dedicated log file is often the
easiest way to debug complex logic.
Write debug information to dedicated log files:
```bash
#!/usr/bin/env bash
@@ -142,9 +151,6 @@ log "Received input: ${input:0:100}..."
# Hook logic here
log "Hook completed successfully"
# Always output valid JSON to stdout at the end, even if just empty
echo "{}"
```
### Use stderr for errors
@@ -156,7 +162,6 @@ try {
const result = dangerousOperation();
console.log(JSON.stringify({ result }));
} catch (error) {
// Write the error description to stderr so the user/agent sees it
console.error(`Hook error: ${error.message}`);
process.exit(2); // Blocking error
}
@@ -164,8 +169,7 @@ try {
### Test hooks independently
Run hook scripts manually with sample JSON input to verify they behave as
expected before hooking them up to the CLI.
Run hook scripts manually with sample JSON input:
```bash
# Create test input
@@ -187,46 +191,33 @@ cat test-input.json | .gemini/hooks/my-hook.sh
# Check exit code
echo "Exit code: $?"
```
### Check exit codes
Gemini CLI uses exit codes for high-level flow control:
- **Exit 0 (Success)**: The hook ran successfully. The CLI parses `stdout` for
JSON decisions.
- **Exit 2 (System Block)**: A critical block occurred. `stderr` is used as the
reason.
- For **Agent/Model** events, this aborts the turn.
- For **Tool** events, this blocks the tool but allows the agent to continue.
- For **AfterAgent**, this triggers an automatic retry turn.
> **TIP**
>
> **Blocking vs. Stopping**: Use `decision: "deny"` (or Exit Code 2) to block a
> **specific action**. Use `{"continue": false}` in your JSON output to **kill
> the entire agent loop** immediately.
Ensure your script returns the correct exit code:
```bash
#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -e
set -e # Exit on error
# Hook logic
process_input() {
# ...
}
if process_input; then
echo '{"decision": "allow"}'
echo "Success message"
exit 0
else
echo "Critical validation failure" >&2
echo "Error message" >&2
exit 2
fi
```
### Enable telemetry
Hook execution is logged when `telemetry.logPrompts` is enabled. You can view
these logs to debug execution flow.
Hook execution is logged when `telemetry.logPrompts` is enabled:
```json
{
@@ -236,10 +227,11 @@ these logs to debug execution flow.
}
```
View hook telemetry in logs to debug execution issues.
### Use hook panel
The `/hooks panel` command inside the CLI shows execution status and recent
output:
The `/hooks panel` command shows execution status and recent output:
```bash
/hooks panel
@@ -263,64 +255,18 @@ Begin with basic logging hooks before implementing complex logic:
# Simple logging hook to understand input structure
input=$(cat)
echo "$input" >> .gemini/hook-inputs.log
# Always return valid JSON
echo "{}"
```
### Documenting your hooks
Maintainability is critical for complex hook systems. Use descriptions and
comments to help yourself and others understand why a hook exists.
**Use the `description` field**: This text is displayed in the `/hooks panel` UI
and helps diagnose issues.
```json
{
"hooks": {
"BeforeTool": [
{
"matcher": "write_file|replace",
"hooks": [
{
"name": "secret-scanner",
"type": "command",
"command": "$GEMINI_PROJECT_DIR/.gemini/hooks/block-secrets.sh",
"description": "Scans code changes for API keys and secrets before writing"
}
]
}
]
}
}
```
**Add comments in hook scripts**: Explain performance expectations and
dependencies.
```javascript
#!/usr/bin/env node
/**
* RAG Tool Filter Hook
*
* Reduces the tool space by extracting keywords from the user's request.
*
* Performance: ~500ms average
* Dependencies: @google/generative-ai
*/
echo "Logged input"
```
### Use JSON libraries
Parse JSON with proper libraries instead of text processing.
Parse JSON with proper libraries instead of text processing:
**Bad:**
```bash
# Fragile text parsing
tool_name=$(echo "$input" | grep -oP '"tool_name":\s*"\K[^"]+')
```
**Good:**
@@ -328,7 +274,6 @@ tool_name=$(echo "$input" | grep -oP '"tool_name":\s*"\K[^"]+')
```bash
# Robust JSON parsing
tool_name=$(echo "$input" | jq -r '.tool_name')
```
### Make scripts executable
@@ -338,7 +283,6 @@ Always make hook scripts executable:
```bash
chmod +x .gemini/hooks/*.sh
chmod +x .gemini/hooks/*.js
```
### Version control
@@ -348,7 +292,7 @@ Commit hooks to share with your team:
```bash
git add .gemini/hooks/
git add .gemini/settings.json
git commit -m "Add project hooks for security and testing"
```
**`.gitignore` considerations:**
@@ -362,10 +306,295 @@ git add .gemini/settings.json
# Keep hook scripts
!.gemini/hooks/*.sh
!.gemini/hooks/*.js
```
## Hook security
### Document behavior
Add descriptions to help others understand your hooks:
```json
{
"hooks": {
"BeforeTool": [
{
"matcher": "write_file|replace",
"hooks": [
{
"name": "secret-scanner",
"type": "command",
"command": "$GEMINI_PROJECT_DIR/.gemini/hooks/block-secrets.sh",
"description": "Scans code changes for API keys, passwords, and other secrets before writing"
}
]
}
]
}
}
```
Add comments in hook scripts:
```javascript
#!/usr/bin/env node
/**
* RAG Tool Filter Hook
*
* This hook reduces the tool space from 100+ tools to ~15 relevant ones
* by extracting keywords from the user's request and filtering tools
* based on semantic similarity.
*
* Performance: ~500ms average, cached tool embeddings
* Dependencies: @google/generative-ai
*/
```
## Troubleshooting
### Hook not executing
**Check hook name in `/hooks panel`:**
```bash
/hooks panel
```
Verify the hook appears in the list and is enabled.
**Verify matcher pattern:**
```bash
# Test regex pattern
echo "write_file|replace" | grep -E "write_.*|replace"
```
**Check disabled list:**
```json
{
"hooks": {
"disabled": ["my-hook-name"]
}
}
```
**Ensure script is executable:**
```bash
ls -la .gemini/hooks/my-hook.sh
chmod +x .gemini/hooks/my-hook.sh
```
**Verify script path:**
```bash
# Check path expansion
echo "$GEMINI_PROJECT_DIR/.gemini/hooks/my-hook.sh"
# Verify file exists
test -f "$GEMINI_PROJECT_DIR/.gemini/hooks/my-hook.sh" && echo "File exists"
```
### Hook timing out
**Check configured timeout:**
```json
{
"name": "slow-hook",
"timeout": 60000
}
```
**Optimize slow operations:**
```javascript
// Before: Sequential operations (slow)
for (const item of items) {
await processItem(item);
}
// After: Parallel operations (fast)
await Promise.all(items.map((item) => processItem(item)));
```
**Use caching:**
```javascript
const cache = new Map();
async function getCachedData(key) {
if (cache.has(key)) {
return cache.get(key);
}
const data = await fetchData(key);
cache.set(key, data);
return data;
}
```
**Consider splitting into multiple faster hooks:**
```json
{
"hooks": {
"BeforeTool": [
{
"matcher": "write_file",
"hooks": [
{
"name": "quick-check",
"command": "./quick-validation.sh",
"timeout": 1000
}
]
},
{
"matcher": "write_file",
"hooks": [
{
"name": "deep-check",
"command": "./deep-analysis.sh",
"timeout": 30000
}
]
}
]
}
}
```
### Invalid JSON output
**Validate JSON before outputting:**
```bash
#!/usr/bin/env bash
output='{"decision": "allow"}'
# Validate JSON
if echo "$output" | jq empty 2>/dev/null; then
echo "$output"
else
echo "Invalid JSON generated" >&2
exit 1
fi
```
**Ensure proper quoting and escaping:**
```javascript
// Bad: Unescaped string interpolation
const message = `User said: ${userInput}`;
console.log(JSON.stringify({ message }));
// Good: Automatic escaping
console.log(JSON.stringify({ message: `User said: ${userInput}` }));
```
**Check for binary data or control characters:**
```javascript
function sanitizeForJSON(str) {
return str.replace(/[\x00-\x1F\x7F-\x9F]/g, ''); // Remove control chars
}
const cleanContent = sanitizeForJSON(content);
console.log(JSON.stringify({ content: cleanContent }));
```
### Exit code issues
**Verify script returns correct codes:**
```bash
#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -e # Exit on error
# Processing logic
if validate_input; then
echo "Success"
exit 0
else
echo "Validation failed" >&2
exit 2
fi
```
**Check for unintended errors:**
```bash
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# Don't use 'set -e' if you want to handle errors explicitly
# set -e
if ! command_that_might_fail; then
# Handle error
echo "Command failed but continuing" >&2
fi
# Always exit explicitly
exit 0
```
**Use trap for cleanup:**
```bash
#!/usr/bin/env bash
cleanup() {
# Cleanup logic
rm -f /tmp/hook-temp-*
}
trap cleanup EXIT
# Hook logic here
```
### Environment variables not available
**Check if variable is set:**
```bash
#!/usr/bin/env bash
if [ -z "$GEMINI_PROJECT_DIR" ]; then
echo "GEMINI_PROJECT_DIR not set" >&2
exit 1
fi
if [ -z "$CUSTOM_VAR" ]; then
echo "Warning: CUSTOM_VAR not set, using default" >&2
CUSTOM_VAR="default-value"
fi
```
**Debug available variables:**
```bash
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# List all environment variables
env > .gemini/hook-env.log
# Check specific variables
echo "GEMINI_PROJECT_DIR: $GEMINI_PROJECT_DIR" >> .gemini/hook-env.log
echo "GEMINI_SESSION_ID: $GEMINI_SESSION_ID" >> .gemini/hook-env.log
echo "GEMINI_API_KEY: ${GEMINI_API_KEY:+<set>}" >> .gemini/hook-env.log
```
**Use .env files:**
```bash
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# Load .env file if it exists
if [ -f "$GEMINI_PROJECT_DIR/.env" ]; then
source "$GEMINI_PROJECT_DIR/.env"
fi
```
## Using Hooks Securely
### Threat Model
@@ -392,10 +621,11 @@ When you open a project with hooks defined in `.gemini/settings.json`:
it).
5. **Trust**: The hook is marked as "trusted" for this project.
> **Modification detection**: If the `command` string of a project hook is
> changed (e.g., by a `git pull`), its identity changes. Gemini CLI will treat
> it as a **new, untrusted hook** and warn you again. This prevents malicious
> actors from silently swapping a verified command for a malicious one.
> [!IMPORTANT] **Modification Detection**: If the `command` string of a project
> hook is changed (e.g., by a `git pull`), its identity changes. Gemini CLI will
> treat it as a **new, untrusted hook** and warn you again. This prevents
> malicious actors from silently swapping a verified command for a malicious
> one.
### Risks
@@ -416,134 +646,32 @@ When you open a project with hooks defined in `.gemini/settings.json`:
publishers, well-known community members).
- Be cautious with obfuscated scripts or compiled binaries from unknown sources.
#### Sanitize environment
#### Sanitize Environment
Hooks inherit the environment of the Gemini CLI process, which may include
sensitive API keys. Gemini CLI provides a
[redaction system](/docs/get-started/configuration#environment-variable-redaction)
that automatically filters variables matching sensitive patterns (e.g., `KEY`,
`TOKEN`).
sensitive API keys. Gemini CLI attempts to sanitize sensitive variables, but you
should be cautious.
> **Disabled by Default**: Environment redaction is currently **OFF by
> default**. We strongly recommend enabling it if you are running third-party
> hooks or working in sensitive environments.
- **Avoid printing environment variables** to stdout/stderr unless necessary.
- **Use `.env` files** to securely manage sensitive variables, ensuring they are
excluded from version control.
**Impact on hooks:**
- **Security**: Prevents your hook scripts from accidentally leaking secrets.
- **Troubleshooting**: If your hook depends on a specific environment variable
that is being blocked, you must explicitly allow it in `settings.json`.
**System Administrators:** You can enforce environment variable redaction by
default in the system configuration (e.g., `/etc/gemini-cli/settings.json`):
```json
{
"security": {
"environmentVariableRedaction": {
"enabled": true,
"allowed": ["MY_REQUIRED_TOOL_KEY"]
"blocked": ["MY_SECRET_KEY"],
"allowed": ["SAFE_VAR"]
}
}
}
```
**System administrators:** You can enforce redaction for all users in the system
configuration.
## Troubleshooting
### Hook not executing
**Check hook name in `/hooks panel`:** Verify the hook appears in the list and
is enabled.
**Verify matcher pattern:**
```bash
# Test regex pattern
echo "write_file|replace" | grep -E "write_.*|replace"
```
**Check disabled list:** Verify the hook is not listed in your `settings.json`:
```json
{
"hooks": {
"disabled": ["my-hook-name"]
}
}
```
**Ensure script is executable**: For macOS and Linux users, verify the script
has execution permissions:
```bash
ls -la .gemini/hooks/my-hook.sh
chmod +x .gemini/hooks/my-hook.sh
```
**Verify script path:** Ensure the path in `settings.json` resolves correctly.
```bash
# Check path expansion
echo "$GEMINI_PROJECT_DIR/.gemini/hooks/my-hook.sh"
# Verify file exists
test -f "$GEMINI_PROJECT_DIR/.gemini/hooks/my-hook.sh" && echo "File exists"
```
### Hook timing out
**Check configured timeout:** The default is 60000ms (1 minute). You can
increase this in `settings.json`:
```json
{
"name": "slow-hook",
"timeout": 120000
}
```
**Optimize slow operations:** Move heavy processing to background tasks or use
caching.
### Invalid JSON output
**Validate JSON before outputting:**
```bash
#!/usr/bin/env bash
output='{"decision": "allow"}'
# Validate JSON
if echo "$output" | jq empty 2>/dev/null; then
echo "$output"
else
echo "Invalid JSON generated" >&2
exit 1
fi
```
### Environment variables not available
**Check if variable is set:**
```bash
#!/usr/bin/env bash
if [ -z "$GEMINI_PROJECT_DIR" ]; then
echo "GEMINI_PROJECT_DIR not set" >&2
exit 1
fi
```
**Debug available variables:**
```bash
env > .gemini/hook-env.log
```
## Authoring secure hooks
## Authoring Secure Hooks
When writing your own hooks, follow these practices to ensure they are robust
and secure.
@@ -585,7 +713,6 @@ defaults to 60 seconds, but you should set stricter limits for fast hooks.
"hooks": [
{
"name": "fast-validator",
"type": "command",
"command": "./hooks/validate.sh",
"timeout": 5000 // 5 seconds
}
@@ -639,17 +766,40 @@ function containsSecret(content) {
## Privacy considerations
Hook inputs and outputs may contain sensitive information.
Hook inputs and outputs may contain sensitive information. Gemini CLI respects
the `telemetry.logPrompts` setting for hook data logging.
### What data is collected
Hook telemetry may include inputs (prompts, code) and outputs (decisions,
reasons) unless disabled.
Hook telemetry may include:
- **Hook inputs:** User prompts, tool arguments, file contents
- **Hook outputs:** Hook responses, decision reasons, added context
- **Standard streams:** stdout and stderr from hook processes
- **Execution metadata:** Hook name, event type, duration, success/failure
### Privacy settings
**Disable PII logging:** If you are working with sensitive data, disable prompt
logging in your settings:
**Enabled (default):**
Full hook I/O is logged to telemetry. Use this when:
- Developing and debugging hooks
- Telemetry is redirected to a trusted enterprise system
- You understand and accept the privacy implications
**Disabled:**
Only metadata is logged (event name, duration, success/failure). Hook inputs and
outputs are excluded. Use this when:
- Sending telemetry to third-party systems
- Working with sensitive data
- Privacy regulations require minimizing data collection
### Configuration
**Disable PII logging in settings:**
```json
{
@@ -659,19 +809,48 @@ logging in your settings:
}
```
**Suppress Output:** Individual hooks can request their metadata be hidden from
logs and telemetry by returning `"suppressOutput": true` in their JSON response.
**Disable via environment variable:**
> **Note**
> `suppressOutput` only affects background logging. Any `systemMessage` or
> `reason` included in the JSON will still be displayed to the user in the
> terminal.
```bash
export GEMINI_TELEMETRY_LOG_PROMPTS=false
```
### Sensitive data in hooks
If your hooks process sensitive data:
1. **Minimize logging:** Don't write sensitive data to log files.
2. **Sanitize outputs:** Remove sensitive data before outputting JSON or writing
to stderr.
1. **Minimize logging:** Don't write sensitive data to log files
2. **Sanitize outputs:** Remove sensitive data before outputting
3. **Use secure storage:** Encrypt sensitive data at rest
4. **Limit access:** Restrict hook script permissions
**Example sanitization:**
```javascript
function sanitizeOutput(data) {
const sanitized = { ...data };
// Remove sensitive fields
delete sanitized.apiKey;
delete sanitized.password;
// Redact sensitive strings
if (sanitized.content) {
sanitized.content = sanitized.content.replace(
/api[_-]?key\s*[:=]\s*['"]?[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{20,}['"]?/gi,
'[REDACTED]',
);
}
return sanitized;
}
console.log(JSON.stringify(sanitizeOutput(hookOutput)));
```
## Learn more
- [Hooks Reference](index.md) - Complete API reference
- [Writing Hooks](writing-hooks.md) - Tutorial and examples
- [Configuration](../get-started/configuration.md) - Gemini CLI settings
- [Hooks Design Document](../hooks-design.md) - Technical architecture
+670 -111
View File
@@ -4,101 +4,109 @@ Hooks are scripts or programs that Gemini CLI executes at specific points in the
agentic loop, allowing you to intercept and customize behavior without modifying
the CLI's source code.
> **Note: Hooks are currently an experimental feature.**
>
> To use hooks, you must explicitly enable them in your `settings.json`:
>
> ```json
> {
> "tools": { "enableHooks": true },
> "hooks": { "enabled": true }
> }
> ```
>
> Both of these are needed in this experimental phase.
See [writing hooks guide](writing-hooks.md) for a tutorial on creating your
first hook and a comprehensive example.
See [hooks reference](reference.md) for the technical specification of the I/O
schemas.
See [best practices](best-practices.md) for guidelines on security, performance,
and debugging.
## What are hooks?
With hooks, you can:
- **Add context:** Inject relevant information before the model processes a
request
- **Validate actions:** Review and block potentially dangerous operations
- **Enforce policies:** Implement security and compliance requirements
- **Log interactions:** Track tool usage and model responses
- **Optimize behavior:** Dynamically adjust tool selection or model parameters
Hooks run synchronously as part of the agent loop—when a hook event fires,
Gemini CLI waits for all matching hooks to complete before continuing.
With hooks, you can:
## Security and Risks
- **Add context:** Inject relevant information (like git history) before the
model processes a request.
- **Validate actions:** Review tool arguments and block potentially dangerous
operations.
- **Enforce policies:** Implement security scanners and compliance checks.
- **Log interactions:** Track tool usage and model responses for auditing.
- **Optimize behavior:** Dynamically filter available tools or adjust model
parameters.
> **Warning: Hooks execute arbitrary code with your user privileges.**
>
> By configuring hooks, you are explicitly allowing Gemini CLI to run shell
> commands on your machine. Malicious or poorly configured hooks can:
### Getting started
- **Exfiltrate data**: Read sensitive files (`.env`, ssh keys) and send them to
remote servers.
- **Modify system**: Delete files, install malware, or change system settings.
- **Consume resources**: Run infinite loops or crash your system.
- **[Writing hooks guide](/docs/hooks/writing-hooks)**: A tutorial on creating
your first hook with comprehensive examples.
- **[Best practices](/docs/hooks/best-practices)**: Guidelines on security,
performance, and debugging.
- **[Hooks reference](/docs/hooks/reference)**: The definitive technical
specification of I/O schemas and exit codes.
**Project-level hooks** (in `.gemini/settings.json`) and **Extension hooks** are
particularly risky when opening third-party projects or extensions from
untrusted authors. Gemini CLI will **warn you** the first time it detects a new
project hook (identified by its name and command), but it is **your
responsibility** to review these hooks (and any installed extensions) before
trusting them.
> **Note:** Extension hooks are subject to a mandatory security warning and
> consent flow during extension installation or update if hooks are detected.
> You must explicitly approve the installation or update of any extension that
> contains hooks.
See [Security Considerations](best-practices.md#using-hooks-securely) for a
detailed threat model and mitigation strategies.
## Core concepts
### Hook events
Hooks are triggered by specific events in Gemini CLI's lifecycle.
Hooks are triggered by specific events in Gemini CLI's lifecycle. The following
table lists all available hook events:
| Event | When It Fires | Impact | Common Use Cases |
| --------------------- | ---------------------------------------------- | ---------------------- | -------------------------------------------- |
| `SessionStart` | When a session begins (startup, resume, clear) | Inject Context | Initialize resources, load context |
| `SessionEnd` | When a session ends (exit, clear) | Advisory | Clean up, save state |
| `BeforeAgent` | After user submits prompt, before planning | Block Turn / Context | Add context, validate prompts, block turns |
| `AfterAgent` | When agent loop ends | Retry / Halt | Review output, force retry or halt execution |
| `BeforeModel` | Before sending request to LLM | Block Turn / Mock | Modify prompts, swap models, mock responses |
| `AfterModel` | After receiving LLM response | Block Turn / Redact | Filter/redact responses, log interactions |
| `BeforeToolSelection` | Before LLM selects tools | Filter Tools | Filter available tools, optimize selection |
| `BeforeTool` | Before a tool executes | Block Tool / Rewrite | Validate arguments, block dangerous ops |
| `AfterTool` | After a tool executes | Block Result / Context | Process results, run tests, hide results |
| `PreCompress` | Before context compression | Advisory | Save state, notify user |
| `Notification` | When a system notification occurs | Advisory | Forward to desktop alerts, logging |
| Event | When It Fires | Common Use Cases |
| --------------------- | --------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ |
| `SessionStart` | When a session begins | Initialize resources, load context |
| `SessionEnd` | When a session ends | Clean up, save state |
| `BeforeAgent` | After user submits prompt, before planning | Add context, validate prompts |
| `AfterAgent` | When agent loop ends | Review output, force continuation |
| `BeforeModel` | Before sending request to LLM | Modify prompts, add instructions |
| `AfterModel` | After receiving LLM response | Filter responses, log interactions |
| `BeforeToolSelection` | Before LLM selects tools (after BeforeModel) | Filter available tools, optimize selection |
| `BeforeTool` | Before a tool executes | Validate arguments, block dangerous ops |
| `AfterTool` | After a tool executes | Process results, run tests |
| `PreCompress` | Before context compression | Save state, notify user |
| `Notification` | When a notification occurs (e.g., permission) | Auto-approve, log decisions |
### Global mechanics
### Hook types
Understanding these core principles is essential for building robust hooks.
Gemini CLI currently supports **command hooks** that run shell commands or
scripts:
#### Strict JSON requirements (The "Golden Rule")
```json
{
"type": "command",
"command": "$GEMINI_PROJECT_DIR/.gemini/hooks/my-hook.sh",
"timeout": 30000
}
```
Hooks communicate via `stdin` (Input) and `stdout` (Output).
**Note:** Plugin hooks (npm packages) are planned for a future release.
1. **Silence is Mandatory**: Your script **must not** print any plain text to
`stdout` other than the final JSON object. **Even a single `echo` or `print`
call before the JSON will break parsing.**
2. **Pollution = Failure**: If `stdout` contains non-JSON text, parsing will
fail. The CLI will default to "Allow" and treat the entire output as a
`systemMessage`.
3. **Debug via Stderr**: Use `stderr` for **all** logging and debugging (e.g.,
`echo "debug" >&2`). Gemini CLI captures `stderr` but never attempts to parse
it as JSON.
### Matchers
#### Exit codes
Gemini CLI uses exit codes to determine the high-level outcome of a hook
execution:
| Exit Code | Label | Behavioral Impact |
| --------- | ---------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| **0** | **Success** | The `stdout` is parsed as JSON. **Preferred code** for all logic, including intentional blocks (e.g., `{"decision": "deny"}`). |
| **2** | **System Block** | **Critical Block**. The target action (tool, turn, or stop) is aborted. `stderr` is used as the rejection reason. High severity; used for security stops or script failures. |
| **Other** | **Warning** | Non-fatal failure. A warning is shown, but the interaction proceeds using original parameters. |
#### Matchers
You can filter which specific tools or triggers fire your hook using the
`matcher` field.
- **Tool events** (`BeforeTool`, `AfterTool`): Matchers are **Regular
Expressions**. (e.g., `"write_.*"`).
- **Lifecycle events**: Matchers are **Exact Strings**. (e.g., `"startup"`).
- **Wildcards**: `"*"` or `""` (empty string) matches all occurrences.
## Configuration
Hooks are configured in `settings.json`. Gemini CLI merges configurations from
multiple layers in the following order of precedence (highest to lowest):
1. **Project settings**: `.gemini/settings.json` in the current directory.
2. **User settings**: `~/.gemini/settings.json`.
3. **System settings**: `/etc/gemini-cli/settings.json`.
4. **Extensions**: Hooks defined by installed extensions.
### Configuration schema
For tool-related events (`BeforeTool`, `AfterTool`), you can filter which tools
trigger the hook:
```json
{
@@ -106,12 +114,382 @@ multiple layers in the following order of precedence (highest to lowest):
"BeforeTool": [
{
"matcher": "write_file|replace",
"hooks": [
/* hooks for write operations */
]
}
]
}
}
```
**Matcher patterns:**
- **Exact match:** `"read_file"` matches only `read_file`
- **Regex:** `"write_.*|replace"` matches `write_file`, `replace`
- **Wildcard:** `"*"` or `""` matches all tools
**Session event matchers:**
- **SessionStart:** `startup`, `resume`, `clear`
- **SessionEnd:** `exit`, `clear`, `logout`, `prompt_input_exit`
- **PreCompress:** `manual`, `auto`
- **Notification:** `ToolPermission`
## Hook input/output contract
### Command hook communication
Hooks communicate via:
- **Input:** JSON on stdin
- **Output:** Exit code + stdout/stderr
### Exit codes
- **0:** Success - stdout shown to user (or injected as context for some events)
- **2:** Blocking error - stderr shown to agent/user, operation may be blocked
- **Other:** Non-blocking warning - logged but execution continues
### Common input fields
Every hook receives these base fields:
```json
{
"session_id": "abc123",
"transcript_path": "/path/to/transcript.jsonl",
"cwd": "/path/to/project",
"hook_event_name": "BeforeTool",
"timestamp": "2025-12-01T10:30:00Z"
// ... event-specific fields
}
```
### Event-specific fields
#### BeforeTool
**Input:**
```json
{
"tool_name": "write_file",
"tool_input": {
"file_path": "/path/to/file.ts",
"content": "..."
}
}
```
**Output (JSON on stdout):**
```json
{
"decision": "allow|deny|ask|block",
"reason": "Explanation shown to agent",
"systemMessage": "Message shown to user"
}
```
Or simple exit codes:
- Exit 0 = allow (stdout shown to user)
- Exit 2 = deny (stderr shown to agent)
#### AfterTool
**Input:**
```json
{
"tool_name": "read_file",
"tool_input": { "file_path": "..." },
"tool_response": "file contents..."
}
```
**Output:**
```json
{
"decision": "allow|deny",
"hookSpecificOutput": {
"hookEventName": "AfterTool",
"additionalContext": "Extra context for agent"
}
}
```
#### BeforeAgent
**Input:**
```json
{
"prompt": "Fix the authentication bug"
}
```
**Output:**
```json
{
"decision": "allow|deny",
"hookSpecificOutput": {
"hookEventName": "BeforeAgent",
"additionalContext": "Recent project decisions: ..."
}
}
```
#### BeforeModel
**Input:**
```json
{
"llm_request": {
"model": "gemini-2.0-flash-exp",
"messages": [{ "role": "user", "content": "Hello" }],
"config": { "temperature": 0.7 },
"toolConfig": {
"functionCallingConfig": {
"mode": "AUTO",
"allowedFunctionNames": ["read_file", "write_file"]
}
}
}
}
```
**Output:**
```json
{
"decision": "allow",
"hookSpecificOutput": {
"hookEventName": "BeforeModel",
"llm_request": {
"messages": [
{ "role": "system", "content": "Additional instructions..." },
{ "role": "user", "content": "Hello" }
]
}
}
}
```
#### AfterModel
**Input:**
```json
{
"llm_request": {
"model": "gemini-2.0-flash-exp",
"messages": [
/* ... */
],
"config": {
/* ... */
},
"toolConfig": {
/* ... */
}
},
"llm_response": {
"text": "string",
"candidates": [
{
"content": {
"role": "model",
"parts": ["array of content parts"]
},
"finishReason": "STOP"
}
]
}
}
```
**Output:**
```json
{
"hookSpecificOutput": {
"hookEventName": "AfterModel",
"llm_response": {
"candidate": {
/* modified response */
}
}
}
}
```
#### BeforeToolSelection
**Input:**
```json
{
"llm_request": {
"model": "gemini-2.0-flash-exp",
"messages": [
/* ... */
],
"toolConfig": {
"functionCallingConfig": {
"mode": "AUTO",
"allowedFunctionNames": [
/* 100+ tools */
]
}
}
}
}
```
**Output:**
```json
{
"hookSpecificOutput": {
"hookEventName": "BeforeToolSelection",
"toolConfig": {
"functionCallingConfig": {
"mode": "ANY",
"allowedFunctionNames": ["read_file", "write_file", "replace"]
}
}
}
}
```
Or simple output (comma-separated tool names sets mode to ANY):
```bash
echo "read_file,write_file,replace"
```
#### SessionStart
**Input:**
```json
{
"source": "startup|resume|clear"
}
```
**Output:**
```json
{
"hookSpecificOutput": {
"hookEventName": "SessionStart",
"additionalContext": "Loaded 5 project memories"
}
}
```
#### SessionEnd
**Input:**
```json
{
"reason": "exit|clear|logout|prompt_input_exit|other"
}
```
No structured output expected (but stdout/stderr logged).
#### PreCompress
**Input:**
```json
{
"trigger": "manual|auto"
}
```
**Output:**
```json
{
"systemMessage": "Compression starting..."
}
```
#### Notification
**Input:**
```json
{
"notification_type": "ToolPermission",
"message": "string",
"details": {
/* notification details */
}
}
```
**Output:**
```json
{
"systemMessage": "Notification logged"
}
```
## Configuration
Hook definitions are configured in `settings.json` files using the `hooks`
object. Configuration can be specified at multiple levels with defined
precedence rules.
### Configuration layers
Hook configurations are applied in the following order of execution (lower
numbers run first):
1. **Project settings:** `.gemini/settings.json` in your project directory
(highest priority)
2. **User settings:** `~/.gemini/settings.json`
3. **System settings:** `/etc/gemini-cli/settings.json`
4. **Extensions:** Internal hooks defined by installed extensions (lowest
priority). See [Extensions documentation](../extensions/index.md#hooks) for
details on how extensions define and configure hooks.
#### Deduplication and shadowing
If multiple hooks with the identical **name** and **command** are discovered
across different configuration layers, Gemini CLI deduplicates them. The hook
from the higher-priority layer (e.g., Project) will be kept, and others will be
ignored.
Within each level, hooks run in the order they are declared in the
configuration.
### Configuration schema
```json
{
"hooks": {
"EventName": [
{
"matcher": "pattern",
"hooks": [
{
"name": "security-check",
"name": "hook-identifier",
"type": "command",
"command": "$GEMINI_PROJECT_DIR/.gemini/hooks/security.sh",
"timeout": 5000
"command": "./path/to/script.sh",
"description": "What this hook does",
"timeout": 30000
}
]
}
@@ -120,45 +498,226 @@ multiple layers in the following order of precedence (highest to lowest):
}
```
#### Hook configuration fields
**Configuration properties:**
| Field | Type | Required | Description |
| :------------ | :----- | :-------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `type` | string | **Yes** | The execution engine. Currently only `"command"` is supported. |
| `command` | string | **Yes\*** | The shell command to execute. (Required when `type` is `"command"`). |
| `name` | string | No | A friendly name for identifying the hook in logs and CLI commands. |
| `timeout` | number | No | Execution timeout in milliseconds (default: 60000). |
| `description` | string | No | A brief explanation of the hook's purpose. |
---
- **`name`** (string, recommended): Unique identifier for the hook used in
`/hooks enable/disable` commands. If omitted, the `command` path is used as
the identifier.
- **`type`** (string, required): Hook type - currently only `"command"` is
supported
- **`command`** (string, required): Path to the script or command to execute
- **`description`** (string, optional): Human-readable description shown in
`/hooks panel`
- **`timeout`** (number, optional): Timeout in milliseconds (default: 60000)
- **`matcher`** (string, optional): Pattern to filter when hook runs (event
matchers only)
### Environment variables
Hooks are executed with a sanitized environment.
Hooks have access to:
- `GEMINI_PROJECT_DIR`: The absolute path to the project root.
- `GEMINI_SESSION_ID`: The unique ID for the current session.
- `GEMINI_CWD`: The current working directory.
- `CLAUDE_PROJECT_DIR`: (Alias) Provided for compatibility.
## Security and risks
> **Warning: Hooks execute arbitrary code with your user privileges.** By
> configuring hooks, you are allowing scripts to run shell commands on your
> machine.
**Project-level hooks** are particularly risky when opening untrusted projects.
Gemini CLI **fingerprints** project hooks. If a hook's name or command changes
(e.g., via `git pull`), it is treated as a **new, untrusted hook** and you will
be warned before it executes.
See [Security Considerations](/docs/hooks/best-practices#using-hooks-securely)
for a detailed threat model.
- `GEMINI_PROJECT_DIR`: Project root directory
- `GEMINI_SESSION_ID`: Current session ID
- `GEMINI_API_KEY`: Gemini API key (if configured)
- All other environment variables from the parent process
## Managing hooks
Use the CLI commands to manage hooks without editing JSON manually:
### View registered hooks
- **View hooks:** `/hooks panel`
- **Enable/Disable all:** `/hooks enable-all` or `/hooks disable-all`
- **Toggle individual:** `/hooks enable <name>` or `/hooks disable <name>`
Use the `/hooks panel` command to view all registered hooks:
```bash
/hooks panel
```
This command displays:
- All configured hooks organized by event
- Hook source (user, project, system)
- Hook type (command or plugin)
- Individual hook status (enabled/disabled)
### Enable and disable all hooks at once
You can enable or disable all hooks at once using commands:
```bash
/hooks enable-all
/hooks disable-all
```
These commands provide a shortcut to enable or disable all configured hooks
without managing them individually. The `enable-all` command removes all hooks
from the `hooks.disabled` array, while `disable-all` adds all configured hooks
to the disabled list. Changes take effect immediately without requiring a
restart.
### Enable and disable individual hooks
You can enable or disable individual hooks using commands:
```bash
/hooks enable hook-name
/hooks disable hook-name
```
These commands allow you to control hook execution without editing configuration
files. The hook name should match the `name` field in your hook configuration.
Changes made via these commands are persisted to your settings. The settings are
saved to workspace scope if available, otherwise to your global user settings
(`~/.gemini/settings.json`).
### Disabled hooks configuration
To permanently disable hooks, add them to the `hooks.disabled` array in your
`settings.json`:
```json
{
"hooks": {
"disabled": ["secret-scanner", "auto-test"]
}
}
```
**Note:** The `hooks.disabled` array uses a UNION merge strategy. Disabled hooks
from all configuration levels (user, project, system) are combined and
deduplicated, meaning a hook disabled at any level remains disabled.
## Migration from Claude Code
If you have hooks configured for Claude Code, you can migrate them:
```bash
gemini hooks migrate --from-claude
```
This command:
- Reads `.claude/settings.json`
- Converts event names (`PreToolUse``BeforeTool`, etc.)
- Translates tool names (`Bash``run_shell_command`, `replace``replace`)
- Updates matcher patterns
- Writes to `.gemini/settings.json`
### Event name mapping
| Claude Code | Gemini CLI |
| ------------------ | -------------- |
| `PreToolUse` | `BeforeTool` |
| `PostToolUse` | `AfterTool` |
| `UserPromptSubmit` | `BeforeAgent` |
| `Stop` | `AfterAgent` |
| `Notification` | `Notification` |
| `SessionStart` | `SessionStart` |
| `SessionEnd` | `SessionEnd` |
| `PreCompact` | `PreCompress` |
### Tool name mapping
| Claude Code | Gemini CLI |
| ----------- | --------------------- |
| `Bash` | `run_shell_command` |
| `Edit` | `replace` |
| `Read` | `read_file` |
| `Write` | `write_file` |
| `Glob` | `glob` |
| `Grep` | `search_file_content` |
| `LS` | `list_directory` |
## Tool and Event Matchers Reference
### Available tool names for matchers
The following built-in tools can be used in `BeforeTool` and `AfterTool` hook
matchers:
#### File operations
- `read_file` - Read a single file
- `read_many_files` - Read multiple files at once
- `write_file` - Create or overwrite a file
- `replace` - Edit file content with find/replace
#### File system
- `list_directory` - List directory contents
- `glob` - Find files matching a pattern
- `search_file_content` - Search within file contents
#### Execution
- `run_shell_command` - Execute shell commands
#### Web and external
- `google_web_search` - Google Search with grounding
- `web_fetch` - Fetch web page content
#### Agent features
- `write_todos` - Manage TODO items
- `save_memory` - Save information to memory
- `delegate_to_agent` - Delegate tasks to sub-agents
#### Example matchers
```json
{
"matcher": "write_file|replace" // File editing tools
}
```
```json
{
"matcher": "read_.*" // All read operations
}
```
```json
{
"matcher": "run_shell_command" // Only shell commands
}
```
```json
{
"matcher": "*" // All tools
}
```
### Event-specific matchers
#### SessionStart event matchers
- `startup` - Fresh session start
- `resume` - Resuming a previous session
- `clear` - Session cleared
#### SessionEnd event matchers
- `exit` - Normal exit
- `clear` - Session cleared
- `logout` - User logged out
- `prompt_input_exit` - Exit from prompt input
- `other` - Other reasons
#### PreCompress event matchers
- `manual` - Manually triggered compression
- `auto` - Automatically triggered compression
#### Notification event matchers
- `ToolPermission` - Tool permission notifications
## Learn more
- [Writing Hooks](writing-hooks.md) - Tutorial and comprehensive example
- [Best Practices](best-practices.md) - Security, performance, and debugging
- [Custom Commands](../cli/custom-commands.md) - Create reusable prompt
shortcuts
- [Configuration](../get-started/configuration.md) - Gemini CLI configuration
options
- [Hooks Design Document](../hooks-design.md) - Technical architecture details
+135 -279
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@@ -1,322 +1,178 @@
# Hooks reference
# Hooks Reference
This document provides the technical specification for Gemini CLI hooks,
including JSON schemas and API details.
including the JSON schemas for input and output, exit code behaviors, and the
stable model API.
## Global hook mechanics
## Communication Protocol
- **Communication**: `stdin` for Input (JSON), `stdout` for Output (JSON), and
`stderr` for logs and feedback.
- **Exit codes**:
- `0`: Success. `stdout` is parsed as JSON. **Preferred for all logic.**
- `2`: System Block. The action is blocked; `stderr` is used as the rejection
reason.
- `Other`: Warning. A non-fatal failure occurred; the CLI continues with a
warning.
- **Silence is Mandatory**: Your script **must not** print any plain text to
`stdout` other than the final JSON.
Hooks communicate with Gemini CLI via standard streams and exit codes:
- **Input**: Gemini CLI sends a JSON object to the hook's `stdin`.
- **Output**: The hook sends a JSON object (or plain text) to `stdout`.
- **Exit Codes**: Used to signal success or blocking errors.
### Exit Code Behavior
| Exit Code | Meaning | Behavior |
| :-------- | :----------------- | :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `0` | **Success** | `stdout` is parsed as JSON. If parsing fails, it's treated as a `systemMessage`. |
| `2` | **Blocking Error** | Interrupts the current operation. `stderr` is shown to the agent (for tool events) or the user. |
| Other | **Warning** | Execution continues. `stderr` is logged as a non-blocking warning. |
---
## Configuration schema
## Input Schema (`stdin`)
Hooks are defined in `settings.json` within the `hooks` object. Each event
(e.g., `BeforeTool`) contains an array of **hook definitions**.
Every hook receives a base JSON object. Extra fields are added depending on the
specific event.
### Hook definition
### Base Fields (All Events)
| Field | Type | Required | Description |
| :----------- | :-------- | :------- | :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `matcher` | `string` | No | A regex (for tools) or exact string (for lifecycle) to filter when the hook runs. |
| `sequential` | `boolean` | No | If `true`, hooks in this group run one after another. If `false`, they run in parallel. |
| `hooks` | `array` | **Yes** | An array of **hook configurations**. |
| Field | Type | Description |
| :---------------- | :------- | :---------------------------------------------------- |
| `session_id` | `string` | Unique identifier for the current CLI session. |
| `transcript_path` | `string` | Path to the session's JSON transcript (if available). |
| `cwd` | `string` | The current working directory. |
| `hook_event_name` | `string` | The name of the firing event (e.g., `BeforeTool`). |
| `timestamp` | `string` | ISO 8601 timestamp of the event. |
### Hook configuration
### Event-Specific Fields
| Field | Type | Required | Description |
| :------------ | :------- | :-------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `type` | `string` | **Yes** | The execution engine. Currently only `"command"` is supported. |
| `command` | `string` | **Yes\*** | The shell command to execute. (Required when `type` is `"command"`). |
| `name` | `string` | No | A friendly name for identifying the hook in logs and CLI commands. |
| `timeout` | `number` | No | Execution timeout in milliseconds (default: 60000). |
| `description` | `string` | No | A brief explanation of the hook's purpose. |
#### Tool Events (`BeforeTool`, `AfterTool`)
- `tool_name`: (`string`) The internal name of the tool (e.g., `write_file`,
`run_shell_command`).
- `tool_input`: (`object`) The arguments passed to the tool.
- `tool_response`: (`object`, **AfterTool only**) The raw output from the tool
execution.
- `mcp_context`: (`object`, **optional**) Present only for MCP tool invocations.
Contains server identity information:
- `server_name`: (`string`) The configured name of the MCP server.
- `tool_name`: (`string`) The original tool name from the MCP server.
- `command`: (`string`, optional) For stdio transport, the command used to
start the server.
- `args`: (`string[]`, optional) For stdio transport, the command arguments.
- `cwd`: (`string`, optional) For stdio transport, the working directory.
- `url`: (`string`, optional) For SSE/HTTP transport, the server URL.
- `tcp`: (`string`, optional) For WebSocket transport, the TCP address.
#### Agent Events (`BeforeAgent`, `AfterAgent`)
- `prompt`: (`string`) The user's submitted prompt.
- `prompt_response`: (`string`, **AfterAgent only**) The final response text
from the model.
- `stop_hook_active`: (`boolean`, **AfterAgent only**) Indicates if a stop hook
is already handling a continuation.
#### Model Events (`BeforeModel`, `AfterModel`, `BeforeToolSelection`)
- `llm_request`: (`LLMRequest`) A stable representation of the outgoing request.
See [Stable Model API](#stable-model-api).
- `llm_response`: (`LLMResponse`, **AfterModel only**) A stable representation
of the incoming response.
#### Session & Notification Events
- `source`: (`startup` | `resume` | `clear`, **SessionStart only**) The trigger
source.
- `reason`: (`exit` | `clear` | `logout` | `prompt_input_exit` | `other`,
**SessionEnd only**) The reason for session end.
- `trigger`: (`manual` | `auto`, **PreCompress only**) What triggered the
compression event.
- `notification_type`: (`ToolPermission`, **Notification only**) The type of
notification being fired.
- `message`: (`string`, **Notification only**) The notification message.
- `details`: (`object`, **Notification only**) Payload-specific details for the
notification.
---
## Base input schema
## Output Schema (`stdout`)
All hooks receive these common fields via `stdin`:
If the hook exits with `0`, the CLI attempts to parse `stdout` as JSON.
```typescript
{
"session_id": string, // Unique ID for the current session
"transcript_path": string, // Absolute path to session transcript JSON
"cwd": string, // Current working directory
"hook_event_name": string, // The firing event (e.g. "BeforeTool")
"timestamp": string // ISO 8601 execution time
}
```
### Common Output Fields
---
| Field | Type | Description |
| :------------------- | :-------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `decision` | `string` | One of: `allow`, `deny`, `block`, `ask`, `approve`. |
| `reason` | `string` | Explanation shown to the **agent** when a decision is `deny` or `block`. |
| `systemMessage` | `string` | Message displayed in Gemini CLI terminal to provide warning or context to the **user** |
| `continue` | `boolean` | If `false`, immediately terminates the agent loop for this turn. |
| `stopReason` | `string` | Message shown to the user when `continue` is `false`. |
| `suppressOutput` | `boolean` | If `true`, the hook execution is hidden from the CLI transcript. |
| `hookSpecificOutput` | `object` | Container for event-specific data (see below). |
## Common output fields
### `hookSpecificOutput` Reference
Most hooks support these fields in their `stdout` JSON:
| Field | Type | Description |
| :--------------- | :-------- | :----------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `systemMessage` | `string` | Displayed immediately to the user in the terminal. |
| `suppressOutput` | `boolean` | If `true`, hides internal hook metadata from logs/telemetry. |
| `continue` | `boolean` | If `false`, stops the entire agent loop immediately. |
| `stopReason` | `string` | Displayed to the user when `continue` is `false`. |
| `decision` | `string` | `"allow"` or `"deny"` (alias `"block"`). Specific impact depends on the event. |
| `reason` | `string` | The feedback/error message provided when a `decision` is `"deny"`. |
---
## Tool hooks
### Matchers and tool names
For `BeforeTool` and `AfterTool` events, the `matcher` field in your settings is
compared against the name of the tool being executed.
- **Built-in Tools**: You can match any built-in tool (e.g., `read_file`,
`run_shell_command`). See the [Tools Reference](/docs/tools) for a full list
of available tool names.
- **MCP Tools**: Tools from MCP servers follow the naming pattern
`mcp__<server_name>__<tool_name>`.
- **Regex Support**: Matchers support regular expressions (e.g.,
`matcher: "read_.*"` matches all file reading tools).
### `BeforeTool`
Fires before a tool is invoked. Used for argument validation, security checks,
and parameter rewriting.
- **Input Fields**:
- `tool_name`: (`string`) The name of the tool being called.
- `tool_input`: (`object`) The raw arguments generated by the model.
- `mcp_context`: (`object`) Optional metadata for MCP-based tools.
- **Relevant Output Fields**:
- `decision`: Set to `"deny"` (or `"block"`) to prevent the tool from
executing.
- `reason`: Required if denied. This text is sent **to the agent** as a tool
error, allowing it to respond or retry.
- `hookSpecificOutput.tool_input`: An object that **merges with and
overrides** the model's arguments before execution.
- `continue`: Set to `false` to **kill the entire agent loop** immediately.
- **Exit Code 2 (Block Tool)**: Prevents execution. Uses `stderr` as the
`reason` sent to the agent. **The turn continues.**
### `AfterTool`
Fires after a tool executes. Used for result auditing, context injection, or
hiding sensitive output from the agent.
- **Input Fields**:
- `tool_name`: (`string`)
- `tool_input`: (`object`) The original arguments.
- `tool_response`: (`object`) The result containing `llmContent`,
`returnDisplay`, and optional `error`.
- `mcp_context`: (`object`)
- **Relevant Output Fields**:
- `decision`: Set to `"deny"` to hide the real tool output from the agent.
- `reason`: Required if denied. This text **replaces** the tool result sent
back to the model.
- `hookSpecificOutput.additionalContext`: Text that is **appended** to the
tool result for the agent.
- `continue`: Set to `false` to **kill the entire agent loop** immediately.
- **Exit Code 2 (Block Result)**: Hides the tool result. Uses `stderr` as the
replacement content sent to the agent. **The turn continues.**
---
## Agent hooks
### `BeforeAgent`
Fires after a user submits a prompt, but before the agent begins planning. Used
for prompt validation or injecting dynamic context.
- **Input Fields**:
- `prompt`: (`string`) The original text submitted by the user.
- **Relevant Output Fields**:
- `hookSpecificOutput.additionalContext`: Text that is **appended** to the
prompt for this turn only.
- `decision`: Set to `"deny"` to block the turn and **discard the user's
message** (it will not appear in history).
- `continue`: Set to `false` to block the turn but **save the message to
history**.
- `reason`: Required if denied or stopped.
- **Exit Code 2 (Block Turn)**: Aborts the turn and erases the prompt from
context. Same as `decision: "deny"`.
### `AfterAgent`
Fires once per turn after the model generates its final response. Primary use
case is response validation and automatic retries.
- **Input Fields**:
- `prompt`: (`string`) The user's original request.
- `prompt_response`: (`string`) The final text generated by the agent.
- `stop_hook_active`: (`boolean`) Indicates if this hook is already running as
part of a retry sequence.
- **Relevant Output Fields**:
- `decision`: Set to `"deny"` to **reject the response** and force a retry.
- `reason`: Required if denied. This text is sent **to the agent as a new
prompt** to request a correction.
- `continue`: Set to `false` to **stop the session** without retrying.
- `hookSpecificOutput.clearContext`: If `true`, clears conversation history
(LLM memory) while preserving UI display.
- **Exit Code 2 (Retry)**: Rejects the response and triggers an automatic retry
turn using `stderr` as the feedback prompt.
---
## Model hooks
### `BeforeModel`
Fires before sending a request to the LLM. Operates on a stable, SDK-agnostic
request format.
- **Input Fields**:
- `llm_request`: (`object`) Contains `model`, `messages`, and `config`
(generation params).
- **Relevant Output Fields**:
- `hookSpecificOutput.llm_request`: An object that **overrides** parts of the
outgoing request (e.g., changing models or temperature).
- `hookSpecificOutput.llm_response`: A **Synthetic Response** object. If
provided, the CLI skips the LLM call entirely and uses this as the response.
- `decision`: Set to `"deny"` to block the request and abort the turn.
- **Exit Code 2 (Block Turn)**: Aborts the turn and skips the LLM call. Uses
`stderr` as the error message.
### `BeforeToolSelection`
Fires before the LLM decides which tools to call. Used to filter the available
toolset or force specific tool modes.
- **Input Fields**:
- `llm_request`: (`object`) Same format as `BeforeModel`.
- **Relevant Output Fields**:
- `hookSpecificOutput.toolConfig.mode`: (`"AUTO" | "ANY" | "NONE"`)
- `"NONE"`: Disables all tools (Wins over other hooks).
- `"ANY"`: Forces at least one tool call.
- `hookSpecificOutput.toolConfig.allowedFunctionNames`: (`string[]`) Whitelist
of tool names.
- **Union Strategy**: Multiple hooks' whitelists are **combined**.
- **Limitations**: Does **not** support `decision`, `continue`, or
`systemMessage`.
### `AfterModel`
Fires immediately after an LLM response chunk is received. Used for real-time
redaction or PII filtering.
- **Input Fields**:
- `llm_request`: (`object`) The original request.
- `llm_response`: (`object`) The model's response (or a single chunk during
streaming).
- **Relevant Output Fields**:
- `hookSpecificOutput.llm_response`: An object that **replaces** the model's
response chunk.
- `decision`: Set to `"deny"` to discard the response chunk and block the
turn.
- `continue`: Set to `false` to **kill the entire agent loop** immediately.
- **Note on Streaming**: Fired for **every chunk** generated by the model.
Modifying the response only affects the current chunk.
- **Exit Code 2 (Block Response)**: Aborts the turn and discards the model's
output. Uses `stderr` as the error message.
---
## Lifecycle & system hooks
### `SessionStart`
Fires on application startup, resuming a session, or after a `/clear` command.
Used for loading initial context.
- **Input fields**:
- `source`: (`"startup" | "resume" | "clear"`)
- **Relevant output fields**:
- `hookSpecificOutput.additionalContext`: (`string`)
- **Interactive**: Injected as the first turn in history.
- **Non-interactive**: Prepended to the user's prompt.
- `systemMessage`: Shown at the start of the session.
- **Advisory only**: `continue` and `decision` fields are **ignored**. Startup
is never blocked.
### `SessionEnd`
Fires when the CLI exits or a session is cleared. Used for cleanup or final
telemetry.
- **Input Fields**:
- `reason`: (`"exit" | "clear" | "logout" | "prompt_input_exit" | "other"`)
- **Relevant Output Fields**:
- `systemMessage`: Displayed to the user during shutdown.
- **Best Effort**: The CLI **will not wait** for this hook to complete and
ignores all flow-control fields (`continue`, `decision`).
### `Notification`
Fires when the CLI emits a system alert (e.g., Tool Permissions). Used for
external logging or cross-platform alerts.
- **Input Fields**:
- `notification_type`: (`"ToolPermission"`)
- `message`: Summary of the alert.
- `details`: JSON object with alert-specific metadata (e.g., tool name, file
path).
- **Relevant Output Fields**:
- `systemMessage`: Displayed alongside the system alert.
- **Observability Only**: This hook **cannot** block alerts or grant permissions
automatically. Flow-control fields are ignored.
### `PreCompress`
Fires before the CLI summarizes history to save tokens. Used for logging or
state saving.
- **Input Fields**:
- `trigger`: (`"auto" | "manual"`)
- **Relevant Output Fields**:
- `systemMessage`: Displayed to the user before compression.
- **Advisory Only**: Fired asynchronously. It **cannot** block or modify the
compression process. Flow-control fields are ignored.
| Field | Supported Events | Description |
| :------------------ | :----------------------------------------- | :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `additionalContext` | `SessionStart`, `BeforeAgent`, `AfterTool` | Appends text directly to the agent's context. |
| `llm_request` | `BeforeModel` | A `Partial<LLMRequest>` to override parameters of the outgoing call. |
| `llm_response` | `BeforeModel` | A **full** `LLMResponse` to bypass the model and provide a synthetic result. |
| `llm_response` | `AfterModel` | A `Partial<LLMResponse>` to modify the model's response before the agent sees it. |
| `toolConfig` | `BeforeToolSelection` | Object containing `mode` (`AUTO`/`ANY`/`NONE`) and `allowedFunctionNames`. |
---
## Stable Model API
Gemini CLI uses these structures to ensure hooks don't break across SDK updates.
Gemini CLI uses a decoupled format for model interactions to ensure hooks remain
stable even if the underlying Gemini SDK changes.
**LLMRequest**:
### `LLMRequest` Object
Used in `BeforeModel` and `BeforeToolSelection`.
> 💡 **Note**: In v1, model hooks are primarily text-focused. Non-text parts
> (like images or function calls) provided in the `content` array will be
> simplified to their string representation by the translator.
```typescript
{
"model": string,
"messages": Array<{
"role": "user" | "model" | "system",
"content": string // Non-text parts are filtered out for hooks
"content": string | Array<{ "type": string, [key: string]: any }>
}>,
"config": { "temperature": number, ... },
"toolConfig": { "mode": string, "allowedFunctionNames": string[] }
"config"?: {
"temperature"?: number,
"maxOutputTokens"?: number,
"topP"?: number,
"topK"?: number
},
"toolConfig"?: {
"mode"?: "AUTO" | "ANY" | "NONE",
"allowedFunctionNames"?: string[]
}
}
```
**LLMResponse**:
### `LLMResponse` Object
Used in `AfterModel` and as a synthetic response in `BeforeModel`.
```typescript
{
"text"?: string,
"candidates": Array<{
"content": { "role": "model", "parts": string[] },
"finishReason": string
"content": {
"role": "model",
"parts": string[]
},
"finishReason"?: "STOP" | "MAX_TOKENS" | "SAFETY" | "RECITATION" | "OTHER",
"index"?: number,
"safetyRatings"?: Array<{
"category": string,
"probability": string,
"blocked"?: boolean
}>
}>,
"usageMetadata": { "totalTokenCount": number }
"usageMetadata"?: {
"promptTokenCount"?: number,
"candidatesTokenCount"?: number,
"totalTokenCount"?: number
}
}
```
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@@ -1,146 +1,149 @@
# Gemini CLI documentation
# Welcome to Gemini CLI documentation
Gemini CLI brings the power of Gemini models directly into your terminal. Use it
to understand code, automate tasks, and build workflows with your local project
context.
This documentation provides a comprehensive guide to installing, using, and
developing Gemini CLI, a tool that lets you interact with Gemini models through
a command-line interface.
## Install
## Gemini CLI overview
```bash
npm install -g @google/gemini-cli
```
Gemini CLI brings the capabilities of Gemini models to your terminal in an
interactive Read-Eval-Print Loop (REPL) environment. Gemini CLI consists of a
client-side application (`packages/cli`) that communicates with a local server
(`packages/core`), which in turn manages requests to the Gemini API and its AI
models. Gemini CLI also contains a variety of tools for tasks such as performing
file system operations, running shells, and web fetching, which are managed by
`packages/core`.
## Get started
## Navigating the documentation
Jump in to Gemini CLI.
This documentation is organized into the following sections:
- **[Quickstart](./get-started/index.md):** Your first session with Gemini CLI.
- **[Installation](./get-started/installation.md):** How to install Gemini CLI
on your system.
- **[Authentication](./get-started/authentication.md):** Setup instructions for
personal and enterprise accounts.
- **[Examples](./get-started/examples.md):** Practical examples of Gemini CLI in
action.
- **[Cheatsheet](./cli/cli-reference.md):** A quick reference for common
commands and options.
### Overview
## Use Gemini CLI
- **[Architecture overview](./architecture.md):** Understand the high-level
design of Gemini CLI, including its components and how they interact.
- **[Contribution guide](../CONTRIBUTING.md):** Information for contributors and
developers, including setup, building, testing, and coding conventions.
User-focused guides and tutorials for daily development workflows.
### Get started
- **[File management](./cli/tutorials/file-management.md):** How to work with
local files and directories.
- **[Manage context and memory](./cli/tutorials/memory-management.md):**
Managing persistent instructions and facts.
- **[Execute shell commands](./cli/tutorials/shell-commands.md):** Executing
system commands safely.
- **[Manage sessions and history](./cli/tutorials/session-management.md):**
Resuming, managing, and rewinding conversations.
- **[Plan tasks with todos](./cli/tutorials/task-planning.md):** Using todos for
complex workflows.
- **[Web search and fetch](./cli/tutorials/web-tools.md):** Searching and
fetching content from the web.
- **[Get started with skills](./cli/tutorials/skills-getting-started.md):**
Getting started with specialized expertise.
- **[Gemini CLI quickstart](./get-started/index.md):** Let's get started with
Gemini CLI.
- **[Gemini 3 Pro on Gemini CLI](./get-started/gemini-3.md):** Learn how to
enable and use Gemini 3.
- **[Authentication](./get-started/authentication.md):** Authenticate to Gemini
CLI.
- **[Configuration](./get-started/configuration.md):** Learn how to configure
the CLI.
- **[Installation](./get-started/installation.md):** Install and run Gemini CLI.
- **[Examples](./get-started/examples.md):** Example usage of Gemini CLI.
## Features
### CLI
Technical reference documentation for each capability of Gemini CLI.
- **[Introduction: Gemini CLI](./cli/index.md):** Overview of the command-line
interface.
- **[Commands](./cli/commands.md):** Description of available CLI commands.
- **[Checkpointing](./cli/checkpointing.md):** Documentation for the
checkpointing feature.
- **[Custom commands](./cli/custom-commands.md):** Create your own commands and
shortcuts for frequently used prompts.
- **[Enterprise](./cli/enterprise.md):** Gemini CLI for enterprise.
- **[Headless mode](./cli/headless.md):** Use Gemini CLI programmatically for
scripting and automation.
- **[Keyboard shortcuts](./cli/keyboard-shortcuts.md):** A reference for all
keyboard shortcuts to improve your workflow.
- **[Model selection](./cli/model.md):** Select the model used to process your
commands with `/model`.
- **[Sandbox](./cli/sandbox.md):** Isolate tool execution in a secure,
containerized environment.
- **[Agent Skills](./cli/skills.md):** (Experimental) Extend the CLI with
specialized expertise and procedural workflows.
- **[Settings](./cli/settings.md):** Configure various aspects of the CLI's
behavior and appearance with `/settings`.
- **[Telemetry](./cli/telemetry.md):** Overview of telemetry in the CLI.
- **[Themes](./cli/themes.md):** Themes for Gemini CLI.
- **[Token caching](./cli/token-caching.md):** Token caching and optimization.
- **[Trusted Folders](./cli/trusted-folders.md):** An overview of the Trusted
Folders security feature.
- **[Tutorials](./cli/tutorials.md):** Tutorials for Gemini CLI.
- **[Uninstall](./cli/uninstall.md):** Methods for uninstalling the Gemini CLI.
- **[/about](./cli/commands.md#about):** About Gemini CLI.
- **[/auth](./get-started/authentication.md):** Authentication.
- **[/bug](./cli/commands.md#bug):** Report a bug.
- **[/chat](./cli/commands.md#chat):** Chat history.
- **[/clear](./cli/commands.md#clear):** Clear screen.
- **[/compress](./cli/commands.md#compress):** Compress context.
- **[/copy](./cli/commands.md#copy):** Copy output.
- **[/directory](./cli/commands.md#directory-or-dir):** Manage workspace.
- **[/docs](./cli/commands.md#docs):** Open documentation.
- **[/editor](./cli/commands.md#editor):** Select editor.
- **[/extensions](./extensions/index.md):** Manage extensions.
- **[/help](./cli/commands.md#help-or):** Show help.
- **[/hooks](./hooks/index.md):** Hooks.
- **[/ide](./ide-integration/index.md):** IDE integration.
- **[/init](./cli/commands.md#init):** Initialize context.
- **[/mcp](./tools/mcp-server.md):** MCP servers.
- **[/memory](./cli/commands.md#memory):** Manage memory.
- **[/model](./cli/model.md):** Model selection.
- **[/policies](./cli/commands.md#policies):** Manage policies.
- **[/privacy](./cli/commands.md#privacy):** Privacy notice.
- **[/quit](./cli/commands.md#quit-or-exit):** Exit CLI.
- **[/restore](./cli/checkpointing.md):** Restore files.
- **[/resume](./cli/commands.md#resume):** Resume session.
- **[/rewind](./cli/rewind.md):** Rewind.
- **[/settings](./cli/settings.md):** Settings.
- **[/setup-github](./cli/commands.md#setup-github):** GitHub setup.
- **[/shells](./cli/commands.md#shells-or-bashes):** Manage processes.
- **[/skills](./cli/skills.md):** Agent skills.
- **[/stats](./cli/commands.md#stats):** Session statistics.
- **[/terminal-setup](./cli/commands.md#terminal-setup):** Terminal keybindings.
- **[/theme](./cli/themes.md):** Themes.
- **[/tools](./cli/commands.md#tools):** List tools.
- **[/vim](./cli/commands.md#vim):** Vim mode.
- **[Activate skill (tool)](./tools/activate-skill.md):** Internal mechanism for
loading expert procedures.
- **[Ask user (tool)](./tools/ask-user.md):** Internal dialog system for
clarification.
- **[Checkpointing](./cli/checkpointing.md):** Automatic session snapshots.
- **[File system (tool)](./tools/file-system.md):** Technical details for local
file operations.
- **[Headless mode](./cli/headless.md):** Programmatic and scripting interface.
- **[Internal documentation (tool)](./tools/internal-docs.md):** Technical
lookup for CLI features.
- **[Memory (tool)](./tools/memory.md):** Storage details for persistent facts.
- **[Model routing](./cli/model-routing.md):** Automatic fallback resilience.
- **[Plan mode (experimental)](./cli/plan-mode.md):** Use a safe, read-only mode
for planning complex changes.
- **[Sandboxing](./cli/sandbox.md):** Isolate tool execution.
- **[Shell (tool)](./tools/shell.md):** Detailed system execution parameters.
- **[Telemetry](./cli/telemetry.md):** Usage and performance metric details.
- **[Todo (tool)](./tools/todos.md):** Progress tracking specification.
- **[Token caching](./cli/token-caching.md):** Performance optimization.
- **[Web fetch (tool)](./tools/web-fetch.md):** URL retrieval and extraction
details.
- **[Web search (tool)](./tools/web-search.md):** Google Search integration
technicals.
### Core
## Configuration
- **[Introduction: Gemini CLI core](./core/index.md):** Information about Gemini
CLI core.
- **[Memport](./core/memport.md):** Using the Memory Import Processor.
- **[Tools API](./core/tools-api.md):** Information on how the core manages and
exposes tools.
- **[System Prompt Override](./cli/system-prompt.md):** Replace built-in system
instructions using `GEMINI_SYSTEM_MD`.
Settings and customization options for Gemini CLI.
- **[Policy Engine](./core/policy-engine.md):** Use the Policy Engine for
fine-grained control over tool execution.
- **[Custom commands](./cli/custom-commands.md):** Personalized shortcuts.
- **[Enterprise configuration](./cli/enterprise.md):** Professional environment
controls.
- **[Ignore files (.geminiignore)](./cli/gemini-ignore.md):** Exclusion pattern
reference.
- **[Model configuration](./cli/generation-settings.md):** Fine-tune generation
parameters like temperature and thinking budget.
- **[Project context (GEMINI.md)](./cli/gemini-md.md):** Technical hierarchy of
context files.
- **[Settings](./cli/settings.md):** Full configuration reference.
- **[System prompt override](./cli/system-prompt.md):** Instruction replacement
logic.
- **[Themes](./cli/themes.md):** UI personalization technical guide.
- **[Trusted folders](./cli/trusted-folders.md):** Security permission logic.
### Tools
## Reference
- **[Introduction: Gemini CLI tools](./tools/index.md):** Information about
Gemini CLI's tools.
- **[File system tools](./tools/file-system.md):** Documentation for the
`read_file` and `write_file` tools.
- **[Shell tool](./tools/shell.md):** Documentation for the `run_shell_command`
tool.
- **[Web fetch tool](./tools/web-fetch.md):** Documentation for the `web_fetch`
tool.
- **[Web search tool](./tools/web-search.md):** Documentation for the
`google_web_search` tool.
- **[Memory tool](./tools/memory.md):** Documentation for the `save_memory`
tool.
- **[Todo tool](./tools/todos.md):** Documentation for the `write_todos` tool.
- **[MCP servers](./tools/mcp-server.md):** Using MCP servers with Gemini CLI.
Deep technical documentation and API specifications.
### Extensions
- **[Architecture overview](./architecture.md):** System design and components.
- **[Command reference](./cli/commands.md):** Detailed slash command guide.
- **[Configuration reference](./get-started/configuration.md):** Settings and
environment variables.
- **[Core concepts](./core/concepts.md):** Fundamental terminology and
definitions.
- **[Keyboard shortcuts](./cli/keyboard-shortcuts.md):** Productivity tips.
- **[Policy engine](./core/policy-engine.md):** Fine-grained execution control.
- **[Introduction: Extensions](./extensions/index.md):** How to extend the CLI
with new functionality.
- **[Get Started with extensions](./extensions/getting-started-extensions.md):**
Learn how to build your own extension.
- **[Extension releasing](./extensions/extension-releasing.md):** How to release
Gemini CLI extensions.
## Resources
### Hooks
Support, release history, and legal information.
- **[Hooks](./hooks/index.md):** Intercept and customize Gemini CLI behavior at
key lifecycle points.
- **[Writing Hooks](./hooks/writing-hooks.md):** Learn how to create your first
hook with a comprehensive example.
- **[Best Practices](./hooks/best-practices.md):** Security, performance, and
debugging guidelines for hooks.
- **[FAQ](./faq.md):** Answers to frequently asked questions.
- **[Changelogs](./changelogs/index.md):** Highlights and notable changes.
- **[Quota and pricing](./quota-and-pricing.md):** Limits and billing details.
- **[Terms and privacy](./tos-privacy.md):** Official notices and terms.
### IDE integration
- **[Introduction to IDE integration](./ide-integration/index.md):** Connect the
CLI to your editor.
- **[IDE companion extension spec](./ide-integration/ide-companion-spec.md):**
Spec for building IDE companion extensions.
### Development
- **[NPM](./npm.md):** Details on how the project's packages are structured.
- **[Releases](./releases.md):** Information on the project's releases and
deployment cadence.
- **[Changelog](./changelogs/index.md):** Highlights and notable changes to
Gemini CLI.
- **[Integration tests](./integration-tests.md):** Information about the
integration testing framework used in this project.
- **[Issue and PR automation](./issue-and-pr-automation.md):** A detailed
overview of the automated processes we use to manage and triage issues and
pull requests.
### Support
- **[FAQ](./faq.md):** Frequently asked questions.
- **[Troubleshooting guide](./troubleshooting.md):** Find solutions to common
problems.
- **[Quota and pricing](./quota-and-pricing.md):** Learn about the free tier and
paid options.
- **[Terms of service and privacy notice](./tos-privacy.md):** Information on
the terms of service and privacy notices applicable to your use of Gemini CLI.
We hope this documentation helps you make the most of Gemini CLI!
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"label": "Development",
"items": [
{ "label": "Contribution guide", "slug": "docs/contributing" },
{ "label": "Integration testing", "slug": "docs/integration-tests" },
{
"label": "NPM",
"slug": "docs/npm"
},
{
"label": "Releases",
"slug": "docs/releases"
},
{
"label": "Integration tests",
"slug": "docs/integration-tests"
},
{
"label": "Issue and PR automation",
"slug": "docs/issue-and-pr-automation"
},
{ "label": "Local development", "slug": "docs/local-development" },
{ "label": "NPM package structure", "slug": "docs/npm" }
}
]
},
{
"label": "Releases",
"items": [
{ "label": "Release notes", "slug": "docs/changelogs/" },
{ "label": "Stable release", "slug": "docs/changelogs/latest" },
{ "label": "Preview release", "slug": "docs/changelogs/preview" }
{
"label": "Release notes",
"slug": "docs/changelogs/"
},
{
"label": "Latest release",
"slug": "docs/changelogs/latest"
},
{
"label": "Preview release",
"slug": "docs/changelogs/preview"
},
{
"label": "Changelog",
"slug": "docs/changelogs/releases"
}
]
},
{
"label": "Support",
"items": [
{
"label": "FAQ",
"slug": "docs/faq"
},
{
"label": "Troubleshooting",
"slug": "docs/troubleshooting"
},
{
"label": "Quota and pricing",
"slug": "docs/quota-and-pricing"
},
{
"label": "Terms of service",
"slug": "docs/tos-privacy"
}
]
}
]
-43
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@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
# Activate skill tool (`activate_skill`)
The `activate_skill` tool lets Gemini CLI load specialized procedural expertise
and resources when they are relevant to your request.
## Description
Skills are packages of instructions and tools designed for specific engineering
tasks, such as reviewing code or creating pull requests. Gemini CLI uses this
tool to "activate" a skill, which provides it with detailed guidelines and
specialized tools tailored to that task.
### Arguments
`activate_skill` takes one argument:
- `name` (enum, required): The name of the skill to activate (for example,
`code-reviewer`, `pr-creator`, or `docs-writer`).
## Usage
The `activate_skill` tool is used exclusively by the Gemini agent. You cannot
invoke this tool manually.
When the agent identifies that a task matches a discovered skill, it requests to
activate that skill. Once activated, the agent's behavior is guided by the
skill's specific instructions until the task is complete.
## Behavior
The agent uses this tool to provide professional-grade assistance:
- **Specialized logic:** Skills contain expert-level procedures for complex
workflows.
- **Dynamic capability:** Activating a skill can grant the agent access to new,
task-specific tools.
- **Contextual awareness:** Skills help the agent focus on the most relevant
standards and conventions for a particular task.
## Next steps
- Learn how to [Use Agent Skills](../cli/skills.md).
- See the [Creating Agent Skills](../cli/creating-skills.md) guide.
-95
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@@ -1,95 +0,0 @@
# Ask User Tool
The `ask_user` tool lets Gemini CLI ask you one or more questions to gather
preferences, clarify requirements, or make decisions. It supports multiple
question types including multiple-choice, free-form text, and Yes/No
confirmation.
## `ask_user` (Ask User)
- **Tool name:** `ask_user`
- **Display name:** Ask User
- **File:** `ask-user.ts`
- **Parameters:**
- `questions` (array of objects, required): A list of 1 to 4 questions to ask.
Each question object has the following properties:
- `question` (string, required): The complete question text.
- `header` (string, required): A short label (max 16 chars) displayed as a
chip/tag (e.g., "Auth", "Database").
- `type` (string, optional): The type of question. Defaults to `'choice'`.
- `'choice'`: Multiple-choice with options (supports multi-select).
- `'text'`: Free-form text input.
- `'yesno'`: Yes/No confirmation.
- `options` (array of objects, optional): Required for `'choice'` type. 2-4
selectable options.
- `label` (string, required): Display text (1-5 words).
- `description` (string, required): Brief explanation.
- `multiSelect` (boolean, optional): For `'choice'` type, allows selecting
multiple options.
- `placeholder` (string, optional): Hint text for input fields.
- **Behavior:**
- Presents an interactive dialog to the user with the specified questions.
- Pauses execution until the user provides answers or dismisses the dialog.
- Returns the user's answers to the model.
- **Output (`llmContent`):** A JSON string containing the user's answers,
indexed by question position (e.g.,
`{"answers":{"0": "Option A", "1": "Some text"}}`).
- **Confirmation:** Yes. The tool inherently involves user interaction.
## Usage Examples
### Multiple Choice Question
```json
{
"questions": [
{
"header": "Database",
"question": "Which database would you like to use?",
"type": "choice",
"options": [
{
"label": "PostgreSQL",
"description": "Powerful, open source object-relational database system."
},
{
"label": "SQLite",
"description": "C-library that implements a SQL database engine."
}
]
}
]
}
```
### Text Input Question
```json
{
"questions": [
{
"header": "Project Name",
"question": "What is the name of your new project?",
"type": "text",
"placeholder": "e.g., my-awesome-app"
}
]
}
```
### Yes/No Question
```json
{
"questions": [
{
"header": "Deploy",
"question": "Do you want to deploy the application now?",
"type": "yesno"
}
]
}
```
+137 -46
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@@ -1,49 +1,99 @@
# File system tools reference
# Gemini CLI file system tools
The Gemini CLI core provides a suite of tools for interacting with the local
file system. These tools allow the model to explore and modify your codebase.
The Gemini CLI provides a comprehensive suite of tools for interacting with the
local file system. These tools allow the Gemini model to read from, write to,
list, search, and modify files and directories, all under your control and
typically with confirmation for sensitive operations.
## Technical reference
**Note:** All file system tools operate within a `rootDirectory` (usually the
current working directory where you launched the CLI) for security. Paths that
you provide to these tools are generally expected to be absolute or are resolved
relative to this root directory.
All file system tools operate within a `rootDirectory` (the current working
directory or workspace root) for security.
## 1. `list_directory` (ReadFolder)
### `list_directory` (ReadFolder)
Lists the names of files and subdirectories directly within a specified path.
`list_directory` lists the names of files and subdirectories directly within a
specified directory path. It can optionally ignore entries matching provided
glob patterns.
- **Tool name:** `list_directory`
- **Arguments:**
- `dir_path` (string, required): Absolute or relative path to the directory.
- `ignore` (array, optional): Glob patterns to exclude.
- `file_filtering_options` (object, optional): Configuration for `.gitignore`
and `.geminiignore` compliance.
- **Display name:** ReadFolder
- **File:** `ls.ts`
- **Parameters:**
- `path` (string, required): The absolute path to the directory to list.
- `ignore` (array of strings, optional): A list of glob patterns to exclude
from the listing (e.g., `["*.log", ".git"]`).
- `respect_git_ignore` (boolean, optional): Whether to respect `.gitignore`
patterns when listing files. Defaults to `true`.
- **Behavior:**
- Returns a list of file and directory names.
- Indicates whether each entry is a directory.
- Sorts entries with directories first, then alphabetically.
- **Output (`llmContent`):** A string like:
`Directory listing for /path/to/your/folder:\n[DIR] subfolder1\nfile1.txt\nfile2.png`
- **Confirmation:** No.
### `read_file` (ReadFile)
## 2. `read_file` (ReadFile)
Reads and returns the content of a specific file. Supports text, images, audio,
and PDF.
`read_file` reads and returns the content of a specified file. This tool handles
text, images (PNG, JPG, GIF, WEBP, SVG, BMP), audio files (MP3, WAV, AIFF, AAC,
OGG, FLAC), and PDF files. For text files, it can read specific line ranges.
Other binary file types are generally skipped.
- **Tool name:** `read_file`
- **Arguments:**
- `file_path` (string, required): Path to the file.
- `offset` (number, optional): Start line for text files (0-based).
- `limit` (number, optional): Maximum lines to read.
- **Display name:** ReadFile
- **File:** `read-file.ts`
- **Parameters:**
- `path` (string, required): The absolute path to the file to read.
- `offset` (number, optional): For text files, the 0-based line number to
start reading from. Requires `limit` to be set.
- `limit` (number, optional): For text files, the maximum number of lines to
read. If omitted, reads a default maximum (e.g., 2000 lines) or the entire
file if feasible.
- **Behavior:**
- For text files: Returns the content. If `offset` and `limit` are used,
returns only that slice of lines. Indicates if content was truncated due to
line limits or line length limits.
- For image, audio, and PDF files: Returns the file content as a
base64-encoded data structure suitable for model consumption.
- For other binary files: Attempts to identify and skip them, returning a
message indicating it's a generic binary file.
- **Output:** (`llmContent`):
- For text files: The file content, potentially prefixed with a truncation
message (e.g.,
`[File content truncated: showing lines 1-100 of 500 total lines...]\nActual file content...`).
- For image/audio/PDF files: An object containing `inlineData` with `mimeType`
and base64 `data` (e.g.,
`{ inlineData: { mimeType: 'image/png', data: 'base64encodedstring' } }`).
- For other binary files: A message like
`Cannot display content of binary file: /path/to/data.bin`.
- **Confirmation:** No.
### `write_file` (WriteFile)
## 3. `write_file` (WriteFile)
Writes content to a specified file, overwriting it if it exists or creating it
if not.
`write_file` writes content to a specified file. If the file exists, it will be
overwritten. If the file doesn't exist, it (and any necessary parent
directories) will be created.
- **Tool name:** `write_file`
- **Arguments:**
- `file_path` (string, required): Path to the file.
- `content` (string, required): Data to write.
- **Confirmation:** Requires manual user approval.
- **Display name:** WriteFile
- **File:** `write-file.ts`
- **Parameters:**
- `file_path` (string, required): The absolute path to the file to write to.
- `content` (string, required): The content to write into the file.
- **Behavior:**
- Writes the provided `content` to the `file_path`.
- Creates parent directories if they don't exist.
- **Output (`llmContent`):** A success message, e.g.,
`Successfully overwrote file: /path/to/your/file.txt` or
`Successfully created and wrote to new file: /path/to/new/file.txt`.
- **Confirmation:** Yes. Shows a diff of changes and asks for user approval
before writing.
### `glob` (FindFiles)
## 4. `glob` (FindFiles)
Finds files matching specific glob patterns across the workspace.
`glob` finds files matching specific glob patterns (e.g., `src/**/*.ts`,
`*.md`), returning absolute paths sorted by modification time (newest first).
- **Tool name:** `glob`
- **Display name:** FindFiles
@@ -67,13 +117,14 @@ Finds files matching specific glob patterns across the workspace.
`Found 5 file(s) matching "*.ts" within src, sorted by modification time (newest first):\nsrc/file1.ts\nsrc/subdir/file2.ts...`
- **Confirmation:** No.
## 5. `grep_search` (SearchText)
## 5. `search_file_content` (SearchText)
`grep_search` searches for a regular expression pattern within the content of
files in a specified directory. Can filter files by a glob pattern. Returns the
lines containing matches, along with their file paths and line numbers.
`search_file_content` searches for a regular expression pattern within the
content of files in a specified directory. Can filter files by a glob pattern.
Returns the lines containing matches, along with their file paths and line
numbers.
- **Tool name:** `grep_search`
- **Tool name:** `search_file_content`
- **Display name:** SearchText
- **File:** `grep.ts`
- **Parameters:**
@@ -111,16 +162,56 @@ This tool is designed for precise, targeted changes and requires significant
context around the `old_string` to ensure it modifies the correct location.
- **Tool name:** `replace`
- **Arguments:**
- `file_path` (string, required): Path to the file.
- `instruction` (string, required): Semantic description of the change.
- `old_string` (string, required): Exact literal text to find.
- `new_string` (string, required): Exact literal text to replace with.
- **Confirmation:** Requires manual user approval.
- **Display name:** Edit
- **File:** `edit.ts`
- **Parameters:**
- `file_path` (string, required): The absolute path to the file to modify.
- `old_string` (string, required): The exact literal text to replace.
## Next steps
**CRITICAL:** This string must uniquely identify the single instance to
change. It should include at least 3 lines of context _before_ and _after_
the target text, matching whitespace and indentation precisely. If
`old_string` is empty, the tool attempts to create a new file at `file_path`
with `new_string` as content.
- Follow the [File management tutorial](../cli/tutorials/file-management.md) for
practical examples.
- Learn about [Trusted folders](../cli/trusted-folders.md) to manage access
permissions.
- `new_string` (string, required): The exact literal text to replace
`old_string` with.
- `expected_replacements` (number, optional): The number of occurrences to
replace. Defaults to `1`.
- **Behavior:**
- If `old_string` is empty and `file_path` does not exist, creates a new file
with `new_string` as content.
- If `old_string` is provided, it reads the `file_path` and attempts to find
exactly one occurrence of `old_string`.
- If one occurrence is found, it replaces it with `new_string`.
- **Enhanced reliability (multi-stage edit correction):** To significantly
improve the success rate of edits, especially when the model-provided
`old_string` might not be perfectly precise, the tool incorporates a
multi-stage edit correction mechanism.
- If the initial `old_string` isn't found or matches multiple locations, the
tool can leverage the Gemini model to iteratively refine `old_string` (and
potentially `new_string`).
- This self-correction process attempts to identify the unique segment the
model intended to modify, making the `replace` operation more robust even
with slightly imperfect initial context.
- **Failure conditions:** Despite the correction mechanism, the tool will fail
if:
- `file_path` is not absolute or is outside the root directory.
- `old_string` is not empty, but the `file_path` does not exist.
- `old_string` is empty, but the `file_path` already exists.
- `old_string` is not found in the file after attempts to correct it.
- `old_string` is found multiple times, and the self-correction mechanism
cannot resolve it to a single, unambiguous match.
- **Output (`llmContent`):**
- On success:
`Successfully modified file: /path/to/file.txt (1 replacements).` or
`Created new file: /path/to/new_file.txt with provided content.`
- On failure: An error message explaining the reason (e.g.,
`Failed to edit, 0 occurrences found...`,
`Failed to edit, expected 1 occurrences but found 2...`).
- **Confirmation:** Yes. Shows a diff of the proposed changes and asks for user
approval before writing to the file.
These file system tools provide a foundation for the Gemini CLI to understand
and interact with your local project context.

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