fix(ui): use centralized queue for all transient hints and warnings

This commit properly implements the transient message queue in AppContainer, fixing flickering issues caused when the UI exceeds terminal height in legacy non-alternate buffer mode. By introducing useLegacyNonAlternateBufferMode, the timer for transient messages (like the markdown toggle and Ctrl+O overflow hint) pauses when an overflow happens in standard mode. This ensures hints remain on screen without causing infinite loops or terminal jumping.

Additionally:
- Consolidates older scattered state (queueErrorMessage, showEscapePrompt, etc) into the single transientMessageQueue.
- Standardizes transient message payloads with a uniform format.
- Extensively updates tests to handle these context changes correctly.

Fixes #21824

.gemini/skills/docs-writer/SKILL.md

@@ -118,6 +118,8 @@ documentation.
   reflects existing code.
 - **Structure:** Apply "Structure (New Docs)" rules (BLUF, headings, etc.) when 
   adding new sections to existing pages.
+- **Headers**: If you change a header, you must check for links that lead to
+  that header and update them.
 - **Tone:** Ensure the tone is active and engaging. Use "you" and contractions.
 - **Clarity:** Correct awkward wording, spelling, and grammar. Rephrase
   sentences to make them easier for users to understand.
@@ -133,7 +135,8 @@ and that all links are functional.
   technical behavior.
 2.  **Self-review:** Re-read changes for formatting, correctness, and flow.
 3.  **Link check:** Verify all new and existing links leading to or from modified
-    pages.
+    pages. If you changed a header, ensure that any links that lead to it are
+    updated.
 4.  **Format:** Once all changes are complete, ask to execute `npm run format`
     to ensure consistent formatting across the project. If the user confirms,
     execute the command.

.gemini/skills/string-reviewer/SKILL.md

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+---
+name: string-reviewer
+description: >
+  Use this skill when asked to review text and user-facing strings within the codebase. It ensures that these strings follow rules on clarity,
+  usefulness, brevity and style.
+---
+
+# String Reviewer
+
+## Instructions
+
+Act as a Senior UX Writer. Look for user-facing strings that are too long,
+unclear, or inconsistent. This includes inline text, error messages, and other
+user-facing text.
+
+Do NOT automatically change strings without user approval. You must only suggest
+changes and do not attempt to rewrite them directly unless the user explicitly
+asks you to do so.
+
+## Core voice principles
+
+The system prioritizes deterministic clarity over conversational fluff. We
+provide telemetry, not etiquette, ensuring the user retains absolute agency..
+
+1. **Deterministic clarity:** Distinguish between certain system/service states
+   (Cloud Billing, IAM, the System) and probabilistic AI analysis (Gemini).
+2. **System transparency:** Replace "Loading..." with active technical telemetry
+   (e.g., Tracing stack traces...). Keep status updates under 5 words.
+3. **Front-loaded actionability:** Always use the [Goal] + [Action] pattern.
+   Lead with intent so users can scan left-to-right.
+4. **Agentic error recovery:** Every error must be a pivot point. Pair failures
+   with one-click recovery commands or suggested prompts.
+5. **Contextual humility:** Reserve disclaimers and "be careful" warnings for P0
+   (destructive/irreversible) tasks only. Stop warning-fatigue.
+
+## The writing checklist
+
+Use this checklist to audit UI strings and AI responses.
+
+### Identity and voice
+- **Eliminate the "I":** Remove all first-person pronouns (I, me, my, mine).
+- **Subject attribution:** Refer to the AI as Gemini and the infrastructure as
+  the - system or the CLI.
+- **Active voice:** Ensure the subject (Gemini or the system) is clearly
+  performing the action.
+- **Ownership rule:** Use the system for execution (doing) and Gemini for
+  analysis (thinking)
+
+### Structural scannability
+- **The skip test:** Do the first 3 words describe the user’s intent? If not,
+  rewrite.
+- **Goal-first sequence:** Use the template: [To Accomplish X] + [Do Y].
+- **The 5-word rule:** Keep status updates and loading states under 5 words.
+- **Telemetry over etiquette:** Remove polite filler (Please wait, Thank you,
+  Certainly). Replace with raw data or progress indicators.
+- **Micro-state cycles:** For tasks $> 3$ seconds, cycle through specific
+  sub-states (e.g., Parsing logs... ➔ Identifying patterns...) to show momentum.
+
+
+### Technical accuracy and humility
+- **Verb signal check:** Use deterministic verbs (is, will, must) for system
+  state/infrastructure.
+  - Use probabilistic verbs (suggests, appears, may, identifies) for AI output.
+- **No 100% certainty:** Never attribute absolute certainty to model-generated
+  content.
+- **Precision over fuzziness:** Use technical metrics (latency, tokens, compute) instead of "speed" or "cost."
+- **Instructional warnings:** Every warning must include a specific corrective action (e.g., "Perform a dry-run first" or "Review line 42").
+
+### Agentic error recovery
+- **The one-step rule:** Pair every error message with exactly one immediate
+  path to a fix (command, link, or prompt).
+- **Human-first:** Provide a human-readable explanation before machine error
+  codes (e.g., 404, 500).
+-  **Suggested prompts:** Offer specific text for the user to copy/click like
+   “Ask Gemini: 'Explain this port error.'”
+
+### Use consistent terminology
+
+Ensure all terminology aligns with the project [word
+list](./references/word-list.md). 
+
+If a string uses a term marked "do not use" or "use with caution," provide a
+correction based on the preferred terms.
+
+## Ensure consistent style for settings
+
+If `packages/cli/src/config/settingsSchema.ts` is modified, confirm labels and
+descriptions specifically follow the unique [Settings
+guidelines](./references/settings.md).
+
+## Output format
+When suggesting changes, always present your review using the following list
+format. Do not provide suggestions outside of this list..
+
+```
+1. **{Rationale/Principle Violated}**
+  - ❌ "{incorrect phrase}"
+  - ✅ `"{corrected phrase}"`
+```

.gemini/skills/string-reviewer/references/settings.md

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# Settings
+
+## Noun-First Labeling (Scannability)
+
+Labels must start with the subject of the setting, not the action. This allows
+users to scan for the feature they want to change.
+
+- **Rule:** `[Noun]` `[Attribute/Action]`
+- **Example:** `Show line numbers` becomes simply `Line numbers`
+
+## Positive Boolean Logic (Cognitive Ease)
+
+Eliminate "double negatives." Booleans should represent the presence of a
+feature, not its absence.
+
+- **Rule:** Replace `Disable {feature}` or `Hide {Feature}` with
+  `{Feature} enabled` or simply `{Feature}`.
+- **Example:** Change "Disable auto update" to "Auto update".
+- **Implementation:** Invert the boolean value in your config loader so true
+  always equals `On`
+
+## Verb Stripping (Brevity)
+
+Remove redundant leading verbs like "Enable," "Use," "Display," or "Show" unless
+they are part of a specific technical term.
+
+- **Rule**: If the label works without the verb, remove it
+- **Example**: Change `Enable prompt completion` to `Prompt completion`

.gemini/skills/string-reviewer/references/word-list.md

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+## Terms
+
+### Preferred
+
+- Use **create** when a user is creating or setting up something.
+- Use **allow** instead of **may** to indicate that permission has been granted
+  to perform some action.
+- Use **canceled**, not **cancelled**.
+- Use **configure** to refer to the process of changing the attributes of a
+  feature, even if that includes turning on or off the feature.
+- Use **delete** when the action being performed is destructive.
+- Use **enable** for binary operations that turn a feature or API on. Use "turn
+  on" and "turn off" instead of "enable" and "disable" for other situations.
+- Use **key combination** to refer to pressing multiple keys simultaneously.
+- Use **key sequence** to refer to pressing multiple keys separately in order.
+- Use **modify** to refer to something that has changed vs obtaining the latest
+  version of something.
+- Use **remove** when the action being performed takes an item out of a larger
+  whole, but doesn't destroy the item itself.
+- Use **set up** as a verb. Use **setup** as a noun or adjective.
+- Use **show**. In general, use paired with **hide**.
+- Use **sign in**, **sign out** as a verb. Use **sign-in** or **sign-out** as a
+  noun or adjective.
+- Use **update** when you mean to obtain the latest version of something.
+- Use **want** instead of **like** or **would like**.
+
+#### Don't use
+
+- Don't use **etc.** It's redundant. To convey that a series is incomplete,
+  introduce it with "such as" instead.
+- Don't use **hostname**, use "host name" instead.
+- Don't use **in order to**. It's too formal. "Before you can" is usually better
+  in UI text.
+- Don't use **one or more**. Specify the quantity where possible. Use "at least
+  one" when the quantity is 1+ but you can't be sure of the number. Likewise,
+  use "at least one" when the user must choose a quantity of 1+.
+- Don't use the terms **log in**, **log on**, **login**, **logout** or **log
+  out**.
+- Don't use **like** or **would you like**. Use **want** instead. Better yet,
+  rephrase so that it's not referring to the user's emotional state, but rather
+  what is required.
+
+#### Use with caution
+
+- Avoid using **leverage**, especially as a verb. "Leverage" is considered a
+  buzzword largely devoid of meaning apart from the simpler "use".
+- Avoid using **once** as a synonym for "after". Typically, when "once" is used
+  in this way, it is followed by a verb in the perfect tense.
+- Don't use **e.g.** Use "example", "such as", "like", or "for example". The
+  phrase is always followed by a comma.
+- Don't use **i.e.** unless absolutely essential to make text fit. Use "that is"
+  instead.
+- Use **disable** for binary operations that turn a feature or API off. Use
+  "turn on" and "turn off" instead of "enable" and "disable" for other
+  situations. For UI elements that are not available, use "dimmed" instead of
+  "disabled".
+- Use **please** only when you're asking the user to do something inconvenient,
+  not just following the instructions in a typical flow.
+- Use **really** sparingly in such constructions as "Do you really want to..."
+  Because of the weight it puts on the decision, it should be used to confirm
+  actions that the user is extremely unlikely to make.

.github/workflows/chained_e2e.yml

@@ -264,6 +264,27 @@ jobs:
         run: 'npm run build'
         shell: 'pwsh'
 
+      - name: 'Ensure Chrome is available'
+        shell: 'pwsh'
+        run: |
+          $chromePaths = @(
+            "${env:ProgramFiles}\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe",
+            "${env:ProgramFiles(x86)}\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe"
+          )
+          $chromeExists = $chromePaths | Where-Object { Test-Path $_ } | Select-Object -First 1
+          if (-not $chromeExists) {
+            Write-Host 'Chrome not found, installing via Chocolatey...'
+            choco install googlechrome -y --no-progress --ignore-checksums
+          }
+          $installed = $chromePaths | Where-Object { Test-Path $_ } | Select-Object -First 1
+          if ($installed) {
+            Write-Host "Chrome found at: $installed"
+            & $installed --version
+          } else {
+            Write-Error 'Chrome installation failed'
+            exit 1
+          }
+
       - name: 'Run E2E tests'
         env:
           GEMINI_API_KEY: '${{ secrets.GEMINI_API_KEY }}'

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ jobs:
             npm run test:ci --workspace @google/gemini-cli
           else
             # Explicitly list non-cli packages to ensure they are sharded correctly
-            npm run test:ci --workspace @google/gemini-cli-core --workspace @google/gemini-cli-a2a-server --workspace gemini-cli-vscode-ide-companion --workspace @google/gemini-cli-test-utils --if-present
+            npm run test:ci --workspace @google/gemini-cli-core --workspace @google/gemini-cli-a2a-server --workspace gemini-cli-vscode-ide-companion --workspace @google/gemini-cli-test-utils --if-present -- --coverage.enabled=false
             npm run test:scripts
           fi
 

.github/workflows/gemini-automated-issue-triage.yml

@@ -121,6 +121,7 @@ jobs:
               'area/security',
               'area/platform',
               'area/extensions',
+              'area/documentation',
               'area/unknown'
             ];
             const labelNames = labels.map(label => label.name).filter(name => allowedLabels.includes(name));
@@ -255,6 +256,14 @@ jobs:
               "Issues with a specific extension."
               "Feature request for the extension ecosystem."
 
+            area/documentation
+            - Description: Issues related to user-facing documentation and other content on the documentation website.
+            - Example Issues:
+              "A typo in a README file."
+              "DOCS: A command is not working as described in the documentation."
+              "A request for a new documentation page."
+              "Instructions missing for skills feature"
+
             area/unknown
             - Description: Issues that do not clearly fit into any other defined area/ category, or where information is too limited to make a determination. Use this when no other area is appropriate.
 

.github/workflows/gemini-scheduled-issue-triage.yml

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ jobs:
 
           echo '🔍 Finding issues missing area labels...'
           NO_AREA_ISSUES="$(gh issue list --repo "${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}" \
-            --search 'is:open is:issue -label:area/core -label:area/agent -label:area/enterprise -label:area/non-interactive -label:area/security -label:area/platform -label:area/extensions -label:area/unknown' --limit 100 --json number,title,body)"
+            --search 'is:open is:issue -label:area/core -label:area/agent -label:area/enterprise -label:area/non-interactive -label:area/security -label:area/platform -label:area/extensions -label:area/documentation -label:area/unknown' --limit 100 --json number,title,body)"
 
           echo '🔍 Finding issues missing kind labels...'
           NO_KIND_ISSUES="$(gh issue list --repo "${GITHUB_REPOSITORY}" \
@@ -204,6 +204,7 @@ jobs:
             Categorization Guidelines (Area):
             area/agent: Core Agent, Tools, Memory, Sub-Agents, Hooks, Agent Quality
             area/core: User Interface, OS Support, Core Functionality
+            area/documentation: End-user and contributor-facing documentation, website-related
             area/enterprise: Telemetry, Policy, Quota / Licensing
             area/extensions: Gemini CLI extensions capability
             area/non-interactive: GitHub Actions, SDK, 3P Integrations, Shell Scripting, Command line automation

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -320,11 +320,9 @@ npm run lint
 
 - Please adhere to the coding style, patterns, and conventions used throughout
   the existing codebase.
-- Consult
-  [GEMINI.md](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/blob/main/GEMINI.md)
-  (typically found in the project root) for specific instructions related to
-  AI-assisted development, including conventions for React, comments, and Git
-  usage.
+- Consult [GEMINI.md](../GEMINI.md) (typically found in the project root) for
+  specific instructions related to AI-assisted development, including
+  conventions for React, comments, and Git usage.
 - **Imports:** Pay special attention to import paths. The project uses ESLint to
   enforce restrictions on relative imports between packages.
 

README.md

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ See [Releases](./docs/releases.md) for more details.
 
 ### Preview
 
-New preview releases will be published each week at UTC 2359 on Tuesdays. These
+New preview releases will be published each week at UTC 23:59 on Tuesdays. These
 releases will not have been fully vetted and may contain regressions or other
 outstanding issues. Please help us test and install with `preview` tag.
 
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ npm install -g @google/gemini-cli@preview
 
 ### Stable
 
-- New stable releases will be published each week at UTC 2000 on Tuesdays, this
+- New stable releases will be published each week at UTC 20:00 on Tuesdays, this
   will be the full promotion of last week's `preview` release + any bug fixes
   and validations. Use `latest` tag.
 
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ npm install -g @google/gemini-cli@latest
 
 ### Nightly
 
-- New releases will be published each day at UTC 0000. This will be all changes
+- New releases will be published each day at UTC 00:00. This will be all changes
   from the main branch as represented at time of release. It should be assumed
   there are pending validations and issues. Use `nightly` tag.
 

docs/changelogs/preview.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# Preview release: v0.33.0-preview.1
+# Preview release: v0.33.0-preview.4
 
-Released: March 04, 2026
+Released: March 06, 2026
 
 Our preview release includes the latest, new, and experimental features. This
 release may not be as stable as our [latest weekly release](latest.md).
@@ -29,159 +29,173 @@ npm install -g @google/gemini-cli@preview
 
 ## What's Changed
 
+- fix(patch): cherry-pick 7ec477d to release/v0.33.0-preview.3-pr-21305 to patch
+  version v0.33.0-preview.3 and create version 0.33.0-preview.4 by
+  @gemini-cli-robot in
+  [#21349](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21349)
+- fix(patch): cherry-pick 0135b03 to release/v0.33.0-preview.2-pr-21171
+  [CONFLICTS] by @gemini-cli-robot in
+  [#21336](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21336)
+- fix(patch): cherry-pick 173376b to release/v0.33.0-preview.1-pr-21157 to patch
+  version v0.33.0-preview.1 and create version 0.33.0-preview.2 by
+  @gemini-cli-robot in
+  [#21300](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21300)
+- fix(patch): cherry-pick 173376b to release/v0.33.0-preview.1-pr-21157 to patch
+  version v0.33.0-preview.1 and create version 0.33.0-preview.2 by
+  @gemini-cli-robot in
+  [#21300](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21300)
 - fix(patch): cherry-pick 0659ad1 to release/v0.33.0-preview.0-pr-21042 to patch
   version v0.33.0-preview.0 and create version 0.33.0-preview.1 by
   @gemini-cli-robot in
   [#21047](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21047)
-
-* Docs: Update model docs to remove Preview Features. by @jkcinouye in
+- Docs: Update model docs to remove Preview Features. by @jkcinouye in
   [#20084](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20084)
-* docs: fix typo in installation documentation by @AdityaSharma-Git3207 in
+- docs: fix typo in installation documentation by @AdityaSharma-Git3207 in
   [#20153](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20153)
-* docs: add Windows PowerShell equivalents for environments and scripting by
+- docs: add Windows PowerShell equivalents for environments and scripting by
   @scidomino in [#20333](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20333)
-* fix(core): parse raw ASCII buffer strings in Gaxios errors by @sehoon38 in
+- fix(core): parse raw ASCII buffer strings in Gaxios errors by @sehoon38 in
   [#20626](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20626)
-* chore(release): bump version to 0.33.0-nightly.20260227.ba149afa0 by @galz10
+- chore(release): bump version to 0.33.0-nightly.20260227.ba149afa0 by @galz10
   in [#20637](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20637)
-* fix(github): use robot PAT for automated PRs to pass CLA check by @galz10 in
+- fix(github): use robot PAT for automated PRs to pass CLA check by @galz10 in
   [#20641](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20641)
-* chore/release: bump version to 0.33.0-nightly.20260228.1ca5c05d0 by
+- chore/release: bump version to 0.33.0-nightly.20260228.1ca5c05d0 by
   @gemini-cli-robot in
   [#20644](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20644)
-* Changelog for v0.31.0 by @gemini-cli-robot in
+- Changelog for v0.31.0 by @gemini-cli-robot in
   [#20634](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20634)
-* fix: use full paths for ACP diff payloads by @JagjeevanAK in
+- fix: use full paths for ACP diff payloads by @JagjeevanAK in
   [#19539](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/19539)
-* Changelog for v0.32.0-preview.0 by @gemini-cli-robot in
+- Changelog for v0.32.0-preview.0 by @gemini-cli-robot in
   [#20627](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20627)
-* fix: acp/zed race condition between MCP initialisation and prompt by
+- fix: acp/zed race condition between MCP initialisation and prompt by
   @kartikangiras in
   [#20205](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20205)
-* fix(cli): reset themeManager between tests to ensure isolation by
+- fix(cli): reset themeManager between tests to ensure isolation by
   @NTaylorMullen in
   [#20598](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20598)
-* refactor(core): Extract tool parameter names as constants by @SandyTao520 in
+- refactor(core): Extract tool parameter names as constants by @SandyTao520 in
   [#20460](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20460)
-* fix(cli): resolve autoThemeSwitching when background hasn't changed but theme
+- fix(cli): resolve autoThemeSwitching when background hasn't changed but theme
   mismatches by @sehoon38 in
   [#20706](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20706)
-* feat(skills): add github-issue-creator skill by @sehoon38 in
+- feat(skills): add github-issue-creator skill by @sehoon38 in
   [#20709](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20709)
-* fix(cli): allow sub-agent confirmation requests in UI while preventing
+- fix(cli): allow sub-agent confirmation requests in UI while preventing
   background flicker by @abhipatel12 in
   [#20722](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20722)
-* Merge User and Agent Card Descriptions #20849 by @adamfweidman in
+- Merge User and Agent Card Descriptions #20849 by @adamfweidman in
   [#20850](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20850)
-* fix(core): reduce LLM-based loop detection false positives by @SandyTao520 in
+- fix(core): reduce LLM-based loop detection false positives by @SandyTao520 in
   [#20701](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20701)
-* fix(plan): deflake plan mode integration tests by @Adib234 in
+- fix(plan): deflake plan mode integration tests by @Adib234 in
   [#20477](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20477)
-* Add /unassign support by @scidomino in
+- Add /unassign support by @scidomino in
   [#20864](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20864)
-* feat(core): implement HTTP authentication support for A2A remote agents by
+- feat(core): implement HTTP authentication support for A2A remote agents by
   @SandyTao520 in
   [#20510](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20510)
-* feat(core): centralize read_file limits and update gemini-3 description by
+- feat(core): centralize read_file limits and update gemini-3 description by
   @aishaneeshah in
   [#20619](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20619)
-* Do not block CI on evals by @gundermanc in
+- Do not block CI on evals by @gundermanc in
   [#20870](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20870)
-* document node limitation for shift+tab by @scidomino in
+- document node limitation for shift+tab by @scidomino in
   [#20877](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20877)
-* Add install as an option when extension is selected. by @DavidAPierce in
+- Add install as an option when extension is selected. by @DavidAPierce in
   [#20358](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20358)
-* Update CODEOWNERS for README.md reviewers by @g-samroberts in
+- Update CODEOWNERS for README.md reviewers by @g-samroberts in
   [#20860](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20860)
-* feat(core): truncate large MCP tool output by @SandyTao520 in
+- feat(core): truncate large MCP tool output by @SandyTao520 in
   [#19365](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/19365)
-* Subagent activity UX. by @gundermanc in
+- Subagent activity UX. by @gundermanc in
   [#17570](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17570)
-* style(cli) : Dialog pattern for /hooks Command by @AbdulTawabJuly in
+- style(cli) : Dialog pattern for /hooks Command by @AbdulTawabJuly in
   [#17930](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17930)
-* feat: redesign header to be compact with ASCII icon by @keithguerin in
+- feat: redesign header to be compact with ASCII icon by @keithguerin in
   [#18713](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18713)
-* fix(core): ensure subagents use qualified MCP tool names by @abhipatel12 in
+- fix(core): ensure subagents use qualified MCP tool names by @abhipatel12 in
   [#20801](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20801)
-* feat(core): support authenticated A2A agent card discovery by @SandyTao520 in
+- feat(core): support authenticated A2A agent card discovery by @SandyTao520 in
   [#20622](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20622)
-* refactor(cli): fully remove React anti patterns, improve type safety and fix
+- refactor(cli): fully remove React anti patterns, improve type safety and fix
   UX oversights in SettingsDialog.tsx by @psinha40898 in
   [#18963](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18963)
-* Adding MCPOAuthProvider implementing the MCPSDK OAuthClientProvider by
+- Adding MCPOAuthProvider implementing the MCPSDK OAuthClientProvider by
   @Nayana-Parameswarappa in
   [#20121](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20121)
-* feat(core): add tool name validation in TOML policy files by @allenhutchison
+- feat(core): add tool name validation in TOML policy files by @allenhutchison
   in [#19281](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/19281)
-* docs: fix broken markdown links in main README.md by @Hamdanbinhashim in
+- docs: fix broken markdown links in main README.md by @Hamdanbinhashim in
   [#20300](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20300)
-* refactor(core): replace manual syncPlanModeTools with declarative policy rules
+- refactor(core): replace manual syncPlanModeTools with declarative policy rules
   by @jerop in [#20596](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20596)
-* fix(core): increase default headers timeout to 5 minutes by @gundermanc in
+- fix(core): increase default headers timeout to 5 minutes by @gundermanc in
   [#20890](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20890)
-* feat(admin): enable 30 day default retention for chat history & remove warning
+- feat(admin): enable 30 day default retention for chat history & remove warning
   by @skeshive in
   [#20853](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20853)
-* feat(plan): support annotating plans with feedback for iteration by @Adib234
+- feat(plan): support annotating plans with feedback for iteration by @Adib234
   in [#20876](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20876)
-* Add some dos and don'ts to behavioral evals README. by @gundermanc in
+- Add some dos and don'ts to behavioral evals README. by @gundermanc in
   [#20629](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20629)
-* fix(core): skip telemetry logging for AbortError exceptions by @yunaseoul in
+- fix(core): skip telemetry logging for AbortError exceptions by @yunaseoul in
   [#19477](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/19477)
-* fix(core): restrict "System: Please continue" invalid stream retry to Gemini 2
+- fix(core): restrict "System: Please continue" invalid stream retry to Gemini 2
   models by @SandyTao520 in
   [#20897](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20897)
-* ci(evals): only run evals in CI if prompts or tools changed by @gundermanc in
+- ci(evals): only run evals in CI if prompts or tools changed by @gundermanc in
   [#20898](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20898)
-* Build binary by @aswinashok44 in
+- Build binary by @aswinashok44 in
   [#18933](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/18933)
-* Code review fixes as a pr by @jacob314 in
+- Code review fixes as a pr by @jacob314 in
   [#20612](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20612)
-* fix(ci): handle empty APP_ID in stale PR closer by @bdmorgan in
+- fix(ci): handle empty APP_ID in stale PR closer by @bdmorgan in
   [#20919](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20919)
-* feat(cli): invert context window display to show usage by @keithguerin in
+- feat(cli): invert context window display to show usage by @keithguerin in
   [#20071](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20071)
-* fix(plan): clean up session directories and plans on deletion by @jerop in
+- fix(plan): clean up session directories and plans on deletion by @jerop in
   [#20914](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20914)
-* fix(core): enforce optionality for API response fields in code_assist by
+- fix(core): enforce optionality for API response fields in code_assist by
   @sehoon38 in [#20714](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20714)
-* feat(extensions): add support for plan directory in extension manifest by
+- feat(extensions): add support for plan directory in extension manifest by
   @mahimashanware in
   [#20354](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20354)
-* feat(plan): enable built-in research subagents in plan mode by @Adib234 in
+- feat(plan): enable built-in research subagents in plan mode by @Adib234 in
   [#20972](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20972)
-* feat(agents): directly indicate auth required state by @adamfweidman in
+- feat(agents): directly indicate auth required state by @adamfweidman in
   [#20986](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20986)
-* fix(cli): wait for background auto-update before relaunching by @scidomino in
+- fix(cli): wait for background auto-update before relaunching by @scidomino in
   [#20904](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20904)
-* fix: pre-load @scripts/copy_files.js references from external editor prompts
+- fix: pre-load @scripts/copy_files.js references from external editor prompts
   by @kartikangiras in
   [#20963](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20963)
-* feat(evals): add behavioral evals for ask_user tool by @Adib234 in
+- feat(evals): add behavioral evals for ask_user tool by @Adib234 in
   [#20620](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20620)
-* refactor common settings logic for skills,agents by @ishaanxgupta in
+- refactor common settings logic for skills,agents by @ishaanxgupta in
   [#17490](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/17490)
-* Update docs-writer skill with new resource by @g-samroberts in
+- Update docs-writer skill with new resource by @g-samroberts in
   [#20917](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20917)
-* fix(cli): pin clipboardy to ~5.2.x by @scidomino in
+- fix(cli): pin clipboardy to ~5.2.x by @scidomino in
   [#21009](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21009)
-* feat: Implement slash command handling in ACP for
+- feat: Implement slash command handling in ACP for
   `/memory`,`/init`,`/extensions` and `/restore` by @sripasg in
   [#20528](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20528)
-* Docs/add hooks reference by @AadithyaAle in
+- Docs/add hooks reference by @AadithyaAle in
   [#20961](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20961)
-* feat(plan): add copy subcommand to plan (#20491) by @ruomengz in
+- feat(plan): add copy subcommand to plan (#20491) by @ruomengz in
   [#20988](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20988)
-* fix(core): sanitize and length-check MCP tool qualified names by @abhipatel12
+- fix(core): sanitize and length-check MCP tool qualified names by @abhipatel12
   in [#20987](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20987)
-* Format the quota/limit style guide. by @g-samroberts in
+- Format the quota/limit style guide. by @g-samroberts in
   [#21017](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21017)
-* fix(core): send shell output to model on cancel by @devr0306 in
+- fix(core): send shell output to model on cancel by @devr0306 in
   [#20501](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20501)
-* remove hardcoded tiername when missing tier by @sehoon38 in
+- remove hardcoded tiername when missing tier by @sehoon38 in
   [#21022](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/21022)
-* feat(acp): add set models interface by @skeshive in
+- feat(acp): add set models interface by @skeshive in
   [#20991](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/pull/20991)
 
 **Full Changelog**:
-https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/compare/v0.32.0-preview.0...v0.33.0-preview.1
+https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/compare/v0.32.0-preview.0...v0.33.0-preview.4

docs/cli/cli-reference.md

@@ -24,6 +24,21 @@ and parameters.
 | -------- | ----------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
 | `query`  | string (variadic) | Positional prompt. Defaults to one-shot mode. Use `-i/--prompt-interactive` to execute and continue interactively. |
 
+## Interactive commands
+
+These commands are available within the interactive REPL.
+
+| Command              | Description                              |
+| -------------------- | ---------------------------------------- |
+| `/skills reload`     | Reload discovered skills from disk       |
+| `/agents reload`     | Reload the agent registry                |
+| `/commands reload`   | Reload custom slash commands             |
+| `/memory reload`     | Reload context files (e.g., `GEMINI.md`) |
+| `/mcp reload`        | Restart and reload MCP servers           |
+| `/extensions reload` | Reload all active extensions             |
+| `/help`              | Show help for all commands               |
+| `/quit`              | Exit the interactive session             |
+
 ## CLI Options
 
 | Option                           | Alias | Type    | Default   | Description                                                                                                                                                            |

docs/cli/gemini-md.md

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ You can interact with the loaded context files by using the `/memory` command.
 - **`/memory show`**: Displays the full, concatenated content of the current
   hierarchical memory. This lets you inspect the exact instructional context
   being provided to the model.
-- **`/memory refresh`**: Forces a re-scan and reload of all `GEMINI.md` files
+- **`/memory reload`**: Forces a re-scan and reload of all `GEMINI.md` files
   from all configured locations.
 - **`/memory add <text>`**: Appends your text to your global
   `~/.gemini/GEMINI.md` file. This lets you add persistent memories on the fly.

docs/cli/plan-mode.md

@@ -344,32 +344,32 @@ Manual deletion also removes all associated artifacts:
 If you use a [custom plans directory](#custom-plan-directory-and-policies),
 those files are not automatically deleted and must be managed manually.
 
-[`list_directory`]: ../tools/file-system.md#1-list_directory-readfolder
-[`read_file`]: ../tools/file-system.md#2-read_file-readfile
-[`grep_search`]: ../tools/file-system.md#5-grep_search-searchtext
-[`write_file`]: ../tools/file-system.md#3-write_file-writefile
-[`glob`]: ../tools/file-system.md#4-glob-findfiles
-[`google_web_search`]: ../tools/web-search.md
-[`replace`]: ../tools/file-system.md#6-replace-edit
-[MCP tools]: ../tools/mcp-server.md
-[`save_memory`]: ../tools/memory.md
-[`activate_skill`]: ./skills.md
-[`codebase_investigator`]: ../core/subagents.md#codebase_investigator
-[`cli_help`]: ../core/subagents.md#cli_help
-[subagents]: ../core/subagents.md
-[custom subagents]: ../core/subagents.md#creating-custom-subagents
-[policy engine]: ../reference/policy-engine.md
-[`enter_plan_mode`]: ../tools/planning.md#1-enter_plan_mode-enterplanmode
-[`exit_plan_mode`]: ../tools/planning.md#2-exit_plan_mode-exitplanmode
-[`ask_user`]: ../tools/ask-user.md
-[YOLO mode]: ../reference/configuration.md#command-line-arguments
+[`list_directory`]: /docs/tools/file-system.md#1-list_directory-readfolder
+[`read_file`]: /docs/tools/file-system.md#2-read_file-readfile
+[`grep_search`]: /docs/tools/file-system.md#5-grep_search-searchtext
+[`write_file`]: /docs/tools/file-system.md#3-write_file-writefile
+[`glob`]: /docs/tools/file-system.md#4-glob-findfiles
+[`google_web_search`]: /docs/tools/web-search.md
+[`replace`]: /docs/tools/file-system.md#6-replace-edit
+[MCP tools]: /docs/tools/mcp-server.md
+[`save_memory`]: /docs/tools/memory.md
+[`activate_skill`]: /docs/cli/skills.md
+[`codebase_investigator`]: /docs/core/subagents.md#codebase-investigator
+[`cli_help`]: /docs/core/subagents.md#cli-help-agent
+[subagents]: /docs/core/subagents.md
+[custom subagents]: /docs/core/subagents.md#creating-custom-subagents
+[policy engine]: /docs/reference/policy-engine.md
+[`enter_plan_mode`]: /docs/tools/planning.md#1-enter_plan_mode-enterplanmode
+[`exit_plan_mode`]: /docs/tools/planning.md#2-exit_plan_mode-exitplanmode
+[`ask_user`]: /docs/tools/ask-user.md
+[YOLO mode]: /docs/reference/configuration.md#command-line-arguments
 [`plan.toml`]:
   https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/blob/main/packages/core/src/policy/policies/plan.toml
-[auto model]: ../reference/configuration.md#model-settings
-[model routing]: ./telemetry.md#model-routing
-[preferred external editor]: ../reference/configuration.md#general
-[session retention]: ./session-management.md#session-retention
-[extensions]: ../extensions/index.md
+[auto model]: /docs/reference/configuration.md#model
+[model routing]: /docs/cli/telemetry.md#model-routing
+[preferred external editor]: /docs/reference/configuration.md#general
+[session retention]: /docs/cli/session-management.md#session-retention
+[extensions]: /docs/extensions/
 [Conductor]: https://github.com/gemini-cli-extensions/conductor
 [open an issue]: https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/issues
-[Agent Skills]: ./skills.md
+[Agent Skills]: /docs/cli/skills.md

docs/cli/sandbox.md

@@ -50,7 +50,31 @@ Cross-platform sandboxing with complete process isolation.
 **Note**: Requires building the sandbox image locally or using a published image
 from your organization's registry.
 
-### 3. LXC/LXD (Linux only, experimental)
+### 3. gVisor / runsc (Linux only)
+
+Strongest isolation available: runs containers inside a user-space kernel via
+[gVisor](https://github.com/google/gvisor). gVisor intercepts all container
+system calls and handles them in a sandboxed kernel written in Go, providing a
+strong security barrier between AI operations and the host OS.
+
+**Prerequisites:**
+
+- Linux (gVisor supports Linux only)
+- Docker installed and running
+- gVisor/runsc runtime configured
+
+When you set `sandbox: "runsc"`, Gemini CLI runs
+`docker run --runtime=runsc ...` to execute containers with gVisor isolation.
+runsc is not auto-detected; you must specify it explicitly (e.g.
+`GEMINI_SANDBOX=runsc` or `sandbox: "runsc"`).
+
+To set up runsc:
+
+1.  Install the runsc binary.
+2.  Configure the Docker daemon to use the runsc runtime.
+3.  Verify the installation.
+
+### 4. LXC/LXD (Linux only, experimental)
 
 Full-system container sandboxing using LXC/LXD. Unlike Docker/Podman, LXC
 containers run a complete Linux system with `systemd`, `snapd`, and other system
@@ -133,7 +157,7 @@ gemini -p "run the test suite"
 
 1. **Command flag**: `-s` or `--sandbox`
 2. **Environment variable**:
-   `GEMINI_SANDBOX=true|docker|podman|sandbox-exec|lxc`
+   `GEMINI_SANDBOX=true|docker|podman|sandbox-exec|runsc|lxc`
 3. **Settings file**: `"sandbox": true` in the `tools` object of your
    `settings.json` file (e.g., `{"tools": {"sandbox": true}}`).
 

docs/cli/settings.md

@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ they appear in the UI.
 | UI Label                             | Setting                                           | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 | Default |
 | ------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------- |
 | Memory Discovery Max Dirs            | `context.discoveryMaxDirs`                        | Maximum number of directories to search for memory.                                                                                                                                                                                         | `200`   |
-| Load Memory From Include Directories | `context.loadMemoryFromIncludeDirectories`        | Controls how /memory refresh loads GEMINI.md files. When true, include directories are scanned; when false, only the current directory is used.                                                                                             | `false` |
+| Load Memory From Include Directories | `context.loadMemoryFromIncludeDirectories`        | Controls how /memory reload loads GEMINI.md files. When true, include directories are scanned; when false, only the current directory is used.                                                                                              | `false` |
 | Respect .gitignore                   | `context.fileFiltering.respectGitIgnore`          | Respect .gitignore files when searching.                                                                                                                                                                                                    | `true`  |
 | Respect .geminiignore                | `context.fileFiltering.respectGeminiIgnore`       | Respect .geminiignore files when searching.                                                                                                                                                                                                 | `true`  |
 | Enable Recursive File Search         | `context.fileFiltering.enableRecursiveFileSearch` | Enable recursive file search functionality when completing @ references in the prompt.                                                                                                                                                      | `true`  |
@@ -147,7 +147,6 @@ they appear in the UI.
 | Plan                       | `experimental.plan`                      | Enable planning features (Plan Mode and tools).                                                                                                           | `false` |
 | Model Steering             | `experimental.modelSteering`             | Enable model steering (user hints) to guide the model during tool execution.                                                                              | `false` |
 | Direct Web Fetch           | `experimental.directWebFetch`            | Enable web fetch behavior that bypasses LLM summarization.                                                                                                | `false` |
-| Enable Gemma Model Router  | `experimental.gemmaModelRouter.enabled`  | Enable the Gemma Model Router. Requires a local endpoint serving Gemma via the Gemini API using LiteRT-LM shim.                                           | `false` |
 
 ### Skills
 

docs/cli/tutorials/mcp-setup.md

@@ -101,8 +101,8 @@ The agent will:
 
 - **Server won't start?** Try running the docker command manually in your
   terminal to see if it prints an error (e.g., "image not found").
-- **Tools not found?** Run `/mcp refresh` to force the CLI to re-query the
-  server for its capabilities.
+- **Tools not found?** Run `/mcp reload` to force the CLI to re-query the server
+  for its capabilities.
 
 ## Next steps
 

docs/cli/tutorials/memory-management.md

@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ excellent for debugging why the agent might be ignoring a rule.
 If you edit a `GEMINI.md` file while a session is running, the agent won't know
 immediately. Force a reload with:
 
-**Command:** `/memory refresh`
+**Command:** `/memory reload`
 
 ## Best practices
 

docs/cli/tutorials/shell-commands.md

@@ -17,9 +17,10 @@ prefix.
 
 **Example:** `!ls -la`
 
-This executes `ls -la` immediately and prints the output to your terminal. The
-AI doesn't "see" this output unless you paste it back into the chat or use it in
-a prompt.
+This executes `ls -la` immediately and prints the output to your terminal.
+Gemini CLI also records the command and its output in the current session
+context, so the model can reference it in follow-up prompts. Very large outputs
+may be truncated.
 
 ### Scenario: Entering Shell mode
 

docs/core/remote-agents.md

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ Markdown file.
 Users can manage subagents using the following commands within the Gemini CLI:
 
 - `/agents list`: Displays all available local and remote subagents.
-- `/agents refresh`: Reloads the agent registry. Use this after adding or
+- `/agents reload`: Reloads the agent registry. Use this after adding or
   modifying agent definition files.
 - `/agents enable <agent_name>`: Enables a specific subagent.
 - `/agents disable <agent_name>`: Disables a specific subagent.

docs/get-started/authentication.md

@@ -4,6 +4,10 @@ To use Gemini CLI, you'll need to authenticate with Google. This guide helps you
 quickly find the best way to sign in based on your account type and how you're
 using the CLI.
 
+> **Note:** Looking for a high-level comparison of all available subscriptions?
+> To compare features and find the right quota for your needs, see our
+> [Plans page](/plans/).
+
 For most users, we recommend starting Gemini CLI and logging in with your
 personal Google account.
 

docs/get-started/gemini-3.md

@@ -39,6 +39,10 @@ When you encounter that limit, you’ll be given the option to switch to Gemini
 2.5 Pro, upgrade for higher limits, or stop. You’ll also be told when your usage
 limit resets and Gemini 3 Pro can be used again.
 
+> **Note:** Looking to upgrade for higher limits? To compare subscription
+> options and find the right quota for your needs, see our
+> [Plans page](/plans/).
+
 Similarly, when you reach your daily usage limit for Gemini 2.5 Pro, you’ll see
 a message prompting fallback to Gemini 2.5 Flash.
 

docs/get-started/index.md

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ session's token usage, as well as your overall quota and usage for the supported
 models.
 
 For more information on the `/stats` command and its subcommands, see the
-[Command Reference](../../reference/commands.md#stats).
+[Command Reference](../reference/commands.md#stats).
 
 ## Next steps
 

docs/reference/configuration.md

@@ -719,7 +719,7 @@ their corresponding top-level category object in your `settings.json` file.
   - **Default:** `[]`
 
 - **`context.loadMemoryFromIncludeDirectories`** (boolean):
-  - **Description:** Controls how /memory refresh loads GEMINI.md files. When
+  - **Description:** Controls how /memory reload loads GEMINI.md files. When
     true, include directories are scanned; when false, only the current
     directory is used.
   - **Default:** `false`
@@ -1041,8 +1041,8 @@ their corresponding top-level category object in your `settings.json` file.
   - **Requires restart:** Yes
 
 - **`experimental.gemmaModelRouter.enabled`** (boolean):
-  - **Description:** Enable the Gemma Model Router. Requires a local endpoint
-    serving Gemma via the Gemini API using LiteRT-LM shim.
+  - **Description:** Enable the Gemma Model Router (experimental). Requires a
+    local endpoint serving Gemma via the Gemini API using LiteRT-LM shim.
   - **Default:** `false`
   - **Requires restart:** Yes
 
@@ -1705,7 +1705,7 @@ conventions and context.
     loaded, allowing you to verify the hierarchy and content being used by the
     AI.
   - See the [Commands documentation](./commands.md#memory) for full details on
-    the `/memory` command and its sub-commands (`show` and `refresh`).
+    the `/memory` command and its sub-commands (`show` and `reload`).
 
 By understanding and utilizing these configuration layers and the hierarchical
 nature of context files, you can effectively manage the AI's memory and tailor

docs/reference/keyboard-shortcuts.md

@@ -8,119 +8,119 @@ available combinations.
 
 #### Basic Controls
 
-| Action                                                          | Keys                  |
-| --------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------- |
-| Confirm the current selection or choice.                        | `Enter`               |
-| Dismiss dialogs or cancel the current focus.                    | `Esc`<br />`Ctrl + [` |
-| Cancel the current request or quit the CLI when input is empty. | `Ctrl + C`            |
-| Exit the CLI when the input buffer is empty.                    | `Ctrl + D`            |
+| Action                                                          | Keys                |
+| --------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------- |
+| Confirm the current selection or choice.                        | `Enter`             |
+| Dismiss dialogs or cancel the current focus.                    | `Esc`<br />`Ctrl+[` |
+| Cancel the current request or quit the CLI when input is empty. | `Ctrl+C`            |
+| Exit the CLI when the input buffer is empty.                    | `Ctrl+D`            |
 
 #### Cursor Movement
 
-| Action                                      | Keys                                                         |
-| ------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
-| Move the cursor to the start of the line.   | `Ctrl + A`<br />`Home (no Shift, Ctrl)`                      |
-| Move the cursor to the end of the line.     | `Ctrl + E`<br />`End (no Shift, Ctrl)`                       |
-| Move the cursor up one line.                | `Up Arrow (no Shift, Alt, Ctrl, Cmd)`                        |
-| Move the cursor down one line.              | `Down Arrow (no Shift, Alt, Ctrl, Cmd)`                      |
-| Move the cursor one character to the left.  | `Left Arrow (no Shift, Alt, Ctrl, Cmd)`                      |
-| Move the cursor one character to the right. | `Right Arrow (no Shift, Alt, Ctrl, Cmd)`<br />`Ctrl + F`     |
-| Move the cursor one word to the left.       | `Ctrl + Left Arrow`<br />`Alt + Left Arrow`<br />`Alt + B`   |
-| Move the cursor one word to the right.      | `Ctrl + Right Arrow`<br />`Alt + Right Arrow`<br />`Alt + F` |
+| Action                                      | Keys                                       |
+| ------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ |
+| Move the cursor to the start of the line.   | `Ctrl+A`<br />`Home`                       |
+| Move the cursor to the end of the line.     | `Ctrl+E`<br />`End`                        |
+| Move the cursor up one line.                | `Up`                                       |
+| Move the cursor down one line.              | `Down`                                     |
+| Move the cursor one character to the left.  | `Left`                                     |
+| Move the cursor one character to the right. | `Right`<br />`Ctrl+F`                      |
+| Move the cursor one word to the left.       | `Ctrl+Left`<br />`Alt+Left`<br />`Alt+B`   |
+| Move the cursor one word to the right.      | `Ctrl+Right`<br />`Alt+Right`<br />`Alt+F` |
 
 #### Editing
 
-| Action                                           | Keys                                                             |
-| ------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| Delete from the cursor to the end of the line.   | `Ctrl + K`                                                       |
-| Delete from the cursor to the start of the line. | `Ctrl + U`                                                       |
-| Clear all text in the input field.               | `Ctrl + C`                                                       |
-| Delete the previous word.                        | `Ctrl + Backspace`<br />`Alt + Backspace`<br />`Ctrl + W`        |
-| Delete the next word.                            | `Ctrl + Delete`<br />`Alt + Delete`<br />`Alt + D`               |
-| Delete the character to the left.                | `Backspace`<br />`Ctrl + H`                                      |
-| Delete the character to the right.               | `Delete`<br />`Ctrl + D`                                         |
-| Undo the most recent text edit.                  | `Cmd + Z (no Shift)`<br />`Alt + Z (no Shift)`                   |
-| Redo the most recent undone text edit.           | `Shift + Ctrl + Z`<br />`Shift + Cmd + Z`<br />`Shift + Alt + Z` |
+| Action                                           | Keys                                                     |
+| ------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------- |
+| Delete from the cursor to the end of the line.   | `Ctrl+K`                                                 |
+| Delete from the cursor to the start of the line. | `Ctrl+U`                                                 |
+| Clear all text in the input field.               | `Ctrl+C`                                                 |
+| Delete the previous word.                        | `Ctrl+Backspace`<br />`Alt+Backspace`<br />`Ctrl+W`      |
+| Delete the next word.                            | `Ctrl+Delete`<br />`Alt+Delete`<br />`Alt+D`             |
+| Delete the character to the left.                | `Backspace`<br />`Ctrl+H`                                |
+| Delete the character to the right.               | `Delete`<br />`Ctrl+D`                                   |
+| Undo the most recent text edit.                  | `Cmd/Win+Z`<br />`Alt+Z`                                 |
+| Redo the most recent undone text edit.           | `Ctrl+Shift+Z`<br />`Shift+Cmd/Win+Z`<br />`Alt+Shift+Z` |
 
 #### Scrolling
 
-| Action                   | Keys                              |
-| ------------------------ | --------------------------------- |
-| Scroll content up.       | `Shift + Up Arrow`                |
-| Scroll content down.     | `Shift + Down Arrow`              |
-| Scroll to the top.       | `Ctrl + Home`<br />`Shift + Home` |
-| Scroll to the bottom.    | `Ctrl + End`<br />`Shift + End`   |
-| Scroll up by one page.   | `Page Up`                         |
-| Scroll down by one page. | `Page Down`                       |
+| Action                   | Keys                          |
+| ------------------------ | ----------------------------- |
+| Scroll content up.       | `Shift+Up`                    |
+| Scroll content down.     | `Shift+Down`                  |
+| Scroll to the top.       | `Ctrl+Home`<br />`Shift+Home` |
+| Scroll to the bottom.    | `Ctrl+End`<br />`Shift+End`   |
+| Scroll up by one page.   | `Page Up`                     |
+| Scroll down by one page. | `Page Down`                   |
 
 #### History & Search
 
-| Action                                       | Keys                  |
-| -------------------------------------------- | --------------------- |
-| Show the previous entry in history.          | `Ctrl + P (no Shift)` |
-| Show the next entry in history.              | `Ctrl + N (no Shift)` |
-| Start reverse search through history.        | `Ctrl + R`            |
-| Submit the selected reverse-search match.    | `Enter (no Ctrl)`     |
-| Accept a suggestion while reverse searching. | `Tab (no Shift)`      |
-| Browse and rewind previous interactions.     | `Double Esc`          |
+| Action                                       | Keys         |
+| -------------------------------------------- | ------------ |
+| Show the previous entry in history.          | `Ctrl+P`     |
+| Show the next entry in history.              | `Ctrl+N`     |
+| Start reverse search through history.        | `Ctrl+R`     |
+| Submit the selected reverse-search match.    | `Enter`      |
+| Accept a suggestion while reverse searching. | `Tab`        |
+| Browse and rewind previous interactions.     | `Double Esc` |
 
 #### Navigation
 
-| Action                                             | Keys                                        |
-| -------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------- |
-| Move selection up in lists.                        | `Up Arrow (no Shift)`                       |
-| Move selection down in lists.                      | `Down Arrow (no Shift)`                     |
-| Move up within dialog options.                     | `Up Arrow (no Shift)`<br />`K (no Shift)`   |
-| Move down within dialog options.                   | `Down Arrow (no Shift)`<br />`J (no Shift)` |
-| Move to the next item or question in a dialog.     | `Tab (no Shift)`                            |
-| Move to the previous item or question in a dialog. | `Shift + Tab`                               |
+| Action                                             | Keys            |
+| -------------------------------------------------- | --------------- |
+| Move selection up in lists.                        | `Up`            |
+| Move selection down in lists.                      | `Down`          |
+| Move up within dialog options.                     | `Up`<br />`K`   |
+| Move down within dialog options.                   | `Down`<br />`J` |
+| Move to the next item or question in a dialog.     | `Tab`           |
+| Move to the previous item or question in a dialog. | `Shift+Tab`     |
 
 #### Suggestions & Completions
 
-| Action                                  | Keys                                               |
-| --------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------- |
-| Accept the inline suggestion.           | `Tab (no Shift)`<br />`Enter (no Ctrl)`            |
-| Move to the previous completion option. | `Up Arrow (no Shift)`<br />`Ctrl + P (no Shift)`   |
-| Move to the next completion option.     | `Down Arrow (no Shift)`<br />`Ctrl + N (no Shift)` |
-| Expand an inline suggestion.            | `Right Arrow`                                      |
-| Collapse an inline suggestion.          | `Left Arrow`                                       |
+| Action                                  | Keys                 |
+| --------------------------------------- | -------------------- |
+| Accept the inline suggestion.           | `Tab`<br />`Enter`   |
+| Move to the previous completion option. | `Up`<br />`Ctrl+P`   |
+| Move to the next completion option.     | `Down`<br />`Ctrl+N` |
+| Expand an inline suggestion.            | `Right`              |
+| Collapse an inline suggestion.          | `Left`               |
 
 #### Text Input
 
-| Action                                                     | Keys                                                                                      |
-| ---------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| Submit the current prompt.                                 | `Enter (no Shift, Alt, Ctrl, Cmd)`                                                        |
-| Insert a newline without submitting.                       | `Ctrl + Enter`<br />`Cmd + Enter`<br />`Alt + Enter`<br />`Shift + Enter`<br />`Ctrl + J` |
-| Open the current prompt or the plan in an external editor. | `Ctrl + X`                                                                                |
-| Paste from the clipboard.                                  | `Ctrl + V`<br />`Cmd + V`<br />`Alt + V`                                                  |
+| Action                                                     | Keys                                                                                |
+| ---------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| Submit the current prompt.                                 | `Enter`                                                                             |
+| Insert a newline without submitting.                       | `Ctrl+Enter`<br />`Cmd/Win+Enter`<br />`Alt+Enter`<br />`Shift+Enter`<br />`Ctrl+J` |
+| Open the current prompt or the plan in an external editor. | `Ctrl+X`                                                                            |
+| Paste from the clipboard.                                  | `Ctrl+V`<br />`Cmd/Win+V`<br />`Alt+V`                                              |
 
 #### App Controls
 
-| Action                                                                                                                                             | Keys             |
-| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------- |
-| Toggle detailed error information.                                                                                                                 | `F12`            |
-| Toggle the full TODO list.                                                                                                                         | `Ctrl + T`       |
-| Show IDE context details.                                                                                                                          | `Ctrl + G`       |
-| Toggle Markdown rendering.                                                                                                                         | `Alt + M`        |
-| Toggle copy mode when in alternate buffer mode.                                                                                                    | `Ctrl + S`       |
-| Toggle YOLO (auto-approval) mode for tool calls.                                                                                                   | `Ctrl + Y`       |
-| Cycle through approval modes: default (prompt), auto_edit (auto-approve edits), and plan (read-only). Plan mode is skipped when the agent is busy. | `Shift + Tab`    |
-| Expand and collapse blocks of content when not in alternate buffer mode.                                                                           | `Ctrl + O`       |
-| Expand or collapse a paste placeholder when cursor is over placeholder.                                                                            | `Ctrl + O`       |
-| Toggle current background shell visibility.                                                                                                        | `Ctrl + B`       |
-| Toggle background shell list.                                                                                                                      | `Ctrl + L`       |
-| Kill the active background shell.                                                                                                                  | `Ctrl + K`       |
-| Confirm selection in background shell list.                                                                                                        | `Enter`          |
-| Dismiss background shell list.                                                                                                                     | `Esc`            |
-| Move focus from background shell to Gemini.                                                                                                        | `Shift + Tab`    |
-| Move focus from background shell list to Gemini.                                                                                                   | `Tab (no Shift)` |
-| Show warning when trying to move focus away from background shell.                                                                                 | `Tab (no Shift)` |
-| Show warning when trying to move focus away from shell input.                                                                                      | `Tab (no Shift)` |
-| Move focus from Gemini to the active shell.                                                                                                        | `Tab (no Shift)` |
-| Move focus from the shell back to Gemini.                                                                                                          | `Shift + Tab`    |
-| Clear the terminal screen and redraw the UI.                                                                                                       | `Ctrl + L`       |
-| Restart the application.                                                                                                                           | `R`              |
-| Suspend the CLI and move it to the background.                                                                                                     | `Ctrl + Z`       |
+| Action                                                                                                                                             | Keys               |
+| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------ |
+| Toggle detailed error information.                                                                                                                 | `F12`              |
+| Toggle the full TODO list.                                                                                                                         | `Ctrl+T`           |
+| Show IDE context details.                                                                                                                          | `Ctrl+G`           |
+| Toggle Markdown rendering.                                                                                                                         | `Alt+M`            |
+| Toggle copy mode when in alternate buffer mode.                                                                                                    | `Ctrl+S`           |
+| Toggle YOLO (auto-approval) mode for tool calls.                                                                                                   | `Ctrl+Y`           |
+| Cycle through approval modes: default (prompt), auto_edit (auto-approve edits), and plan (read-only). Plan mode is skipped when the agent is busy. | `Shift+Tab`        |
+| Expand and collapse blocks of content when not in alternate buffer mode.                                                                           | `Ctrl+O`           |
+| Expand or collapse a paste placeholder when cursor is over placeholder.                                                                            | `Ctrl+O`           |
+| Toggle current background shell visibility.                                                                                                        | `Ctrl+B`           |
+| Toggle background shell list.                                                                                                                      | `Ctrl+L`           |
+| Kill the active background shell.                                                                                                                  | `Ctrl+K`           |
+| Confirm selection in background shell list.                                                                                                        | `Enter`            |
+| Dismiss background shell list.                                                                                                                     | `Esc`              |
+| Move focus from background shell to Gemini.                                                                                                        | `Shift+Tab`        |
+| Move focus from background shell list to Gemini.                                                                                                   | `Tab`              |
+| Show warning when trying to move focus away from background shell.                                                                                 | `Tab`              |
+| Show warning when trying to move focus away from shell input.                                                                                      | `Tab`              |
+| Move focus from Gemini to the active shell.                                                                                                        | `Tab`              |
+| Move focus from the shell back to Gemini.                                                                                                          | `Shift+Tab`        |
+| Clear the terminal screen and redraw the UI.                                                                                                       | `Ctrl+L`           |
+| Restart the application.                                                                                                                           | `R`<br />`Shift+R` |
+| Suspend the CLI and move it to the background.                                                                                                     | `Ctrl+Z`           |
 
 <!-- KEYBINDINGS-AUTOGEN:END -->
 
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ available combinations.
 ## Limitations
 
 - On [Windows Terminal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Terminal):
-  - `shift+enter` is not supported.
+  - `shift+enter` is only supported in version 1.25 and higher.
   - `shift+tab`
     [is not supported](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemini-cli/issues/20314)
     on Node 20 and earlier versions of Node 22.

docs/resources/quota-and-pricing.md

@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
 # Gemini CLI: Quotas and pricing
 
 Gemini CLI offers a generous free tier that covers many individual developers'
-use cases. For enterprise or professional usage, or if you need higher limits,
+use cases. For enterprise or professional usage, or if you need increased quota,
 several options are available depending on your authentication account type.
 
-See [privacy and terms](./tos-privacy.md) for details on the Privacy Policy and
-Terms of Service.
+For a high-level comparison of available subscriptions and to select the right
+quota for your needs, see the [Plans page](/plans/).
 
-> **Note:** Published prices are list price; additional negotiated commercial
-> discounting may apply.
+## Overview
 
 This article outlines the specific quotas and pricing applicable to Gemini CLI
 when using different authentication methods.
@@ -23,10 +22,11 @@ Generally, there are three categories to choose from:
 
 ## Free usage
 
-Your journey begins with a generous free tier, perfect for experimentation and
-light use.
+Access to Gemini CLI begins with a generous free tier, perfect for
+experimentation and light use.
 
-Your free usage limits depend on your authorization type.
+Your free usage is governed by the following limits, which depend on your
+authorization type.
 
 ### Log in with Google (Gemini Code Assist for individuals)
 
@@ -69,6 +69,19 @@ Learn more at
 If you use up your initial number of requests, you can continue to benefit from
 Gemini CLI by upgrading to one of the following subscriptions:
 
+### Individuals
+
+These tiers apply when you sign in with a personal account. To verify whether
+you're on a personal account, visit
+[Google One](https://one.google.com/about/plans?hl=en-US&g1_landing_page=0):
+
+- If you are on a personal account, you will see your personal dashboard.
+- If you are not on a personal account, you will see: "You're currently signed
+  in to your Google Workspace Account."
+
+**Supported tiers:** _- Tiers not listed above, including Google AI Plus, are
+not supported._
+
 - [Google AI Pro and AI Ultra](https://gemini.google/subscriptions/). This is
   recommended for individual developers. Quotas and pricing are based on a fixed
   price subscription.
@@ -78,14 +91,26 @@ Gemini CLI by upgrading to one of the following subscriptions:
   Learn more at
   [Gemini Code Assist Quotas and Limits](https://developers.google.com/gemini-code-assist/resources/quotas)
 
-- [Purchase a Gemini Code Assist Subscription through Google Cloud ](https://cloud.google.com/gemini/docs/codeassist/overview)
-  by signing up in the Google Cloud console. Learn more at
-  [Set up Gemini Code Assist](https://cloud.google.com/gemini/docs/discover/set-up-gemini).
+### Through your organization
+
+These tiers are applicable when you are signing in with a Google Workspace
+account.
+
+- To verify your account type, visit
+  [the Google One page](https://one.google.com/about/plans?hl=en-US&g1_landing_page=0).
+- You are on a workspace account if you see the message "You're currently signed
+  in to your Google Workspace Account".
+
+**Supported tiers:** _- Tiers not listed above, including Workspace AI
+Standard/Plus and AI Expanded, are not supported._
+
+- [Workspace AI Ultra Access](https://workspace.google.com/products/ai-ultra/).
+- [Purchase a Gemini Code Assist Subscription through Google Cloud](https://cloud.google.com/gemini/docs/codeassist/overview).
 
   Quotas and pricing are based on a fixed price subscription with assigned
   license seats. For predictable costs, you can sign in with Google.
 
-  This includes:
+  This includes the following request limits:
   - Gemini Code Assist Standard edition:
     - 1500 model requests / user / day
     - 120 model requests / user / minute
@@ -95,7 +120,7 @@ Gemini CLI by upgrading to one of the following subscriptions:
   - Model requests will be made across the Gemini model family as determined by
     Gemini CLI.
 
-  [Learn more about Gemini Code Assist Standard and Enterprise license limits](https://developers.google.com/gemini-code-assist/resources/quotas#quotas-for-agent-mode-gemini-cli).
+  [Learn more about Gemini Code Assist license limits](https://developers.google.com/gemini-code-assist/resources/quotas#quotas-for-agent-mode-gemini-cli).
 
 ## Pay as you go
 
@@ -106,18 +131,27 @@ recommended path for uninterrupted access.
 
 To do this, log in using a Gemini API key or Vertex AI.
 
-- Vertex AI (Regular Mode):
-  - Quota: Governed by a dynamic shared quota system or pre-purchased
-    provisioned throughput.
-  - Cost: Based on model and token usage.
+### Vertex AI (regular mode)
+
+An enterprise-grade platform for building, deploying, and managing AI models,
+including Gemini. It offers enhanced security, data governance, and integration
+with other Google Cloud services.
+
+- Quota: Governed by a dynamic shared quota system or pre-purchased provisioned
+  throughput.
+- Cost: Based on model and token usage.
 
 Learn more at
 [Vertex AI Dynamic Shared Quota](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/generative-ai/docs/resources/dynamic-shared-quota)
 and [Vertex AI Pricing](https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/pricing).
 
-- Gemini API key:
-  - Quota: Varies by pricing tier.
-  - Cost: Varies by pricing tier and model/token usage.
+### Gemini API key
+
+Ideal for developers who want to quickly build applications with the Gemini
+models. This is the most direct way to use the models.
+
+- Quota: Varies by pricing tier.
+- Cost: Varies by pricing tier and model/token usage.
 
 Learn more at
 [Gemini API Rate Limits](https://ai.google.dev/gemini-api/docs/rate-limits),
@@ -125,7 +159,8 @@ Learn more at
 
 It’s important to highlight that when using an API key, you pay per token/call.
 This can be more expensive for many small calls with few tokens, but it's the
-only way to ensure your workflow isn't interrupted by quota limits.
+only way to ensure your workflow isn't interrupted by reaching a limit on your
+quota.
 
 ## Gemini for workspace plans
 
@@ -135,31 +170,30 @@ Flow video editor). These plans do not apply to the API usage which powers the
 Gemini CLI. Supporting these plans is under active consideration for future
 support.
 
-## Check usage and quota
+## Check usage and limits
 
-You can check your current token usage and quota information using the
+You can check your current token usage and applicable limits using the
 `/stats model` command. This command provides a snapshot of your current
-session's token usage, as well as your overall quota and usage for the supported
-models.
+session's token usage, as well as information about the limits associated with
+your current quota.
 
 For more information on the `/stats` command and its subcommands, see the
-[Command Reference](../../reference/commands.md#stats).
+[Command Reference](../reference/commands.md#stats).
 
 A summary of model usage is also presented on exit at the end of a session.
 
 ## Tips to avoid high costs
 
-When using a Pay as you Go API key, be mindful of your usage to avoid unexpected
+When using a pay-as-you-go plan, be mindful of your usage to avoid unexpected
 costs.
 
-- Don't blindly accept every suggestion, especially for computationally
-  intensive tasks like refactoring large codebases.
-- Be intentional with your prompts and commands. You are paying per call, so
-  think about the most efficient way to get the job done.
-
-## Gemini API vs. Vertex
-
-- Gemini API (gemini developer api): This is the fastest way to use the Gemini
-  models directly.
-- Vertex AI: This is the enterprise-grade platform for building, deploying, and
-  managing Gemini models with specific security and control requirements.
+- **Be selective with suggestions**: Before accepting a suggestion, especially
+  for a computationally intensive task like refactoring a large codebase,
+  consider if it's the most cost-effective approach.
+- **Use precise prompts**: You are paying per call, so think about the most
+  efficient way to get your desired result. A well-crafted prompt can often get
+  you the answer you need in a single call, rather than multiple back-and-forth
+  interactions.
+- **Monitor your usage**: Use the `/stats model` command to track your token
+  usage during a session. This can help you stay aware of your spending in real
+  time.

eslint.config.js

@@ -132,7 +132,16 @@ export default tseslint.config(
       'no-cond-assign': 'error',
       'no-debugger': 'error',
       'no-duplicate-case': 'error',
-      'no-restricted-syntax': ['error', ...commonRestrictedSyntaxRules],
+      'no-restricted-syntax': [
+        'error',
+        ...commonRestrictedSyntaxRules,
+        {
+          selector:
+            'UnaryExpression[operator="typeof"] > MemberExpression[computed=true][property.type="Literal"]',
+          message:
+            'Do not use typeof to check object properties. Define a TypeScript interface and a type guard function instead.',
+        },
+      ],
       'no-unsafe-finally': 'error',
       'no-unused-expressions': 'off', // Disable base rule
       '@typescript-eslint/no-unused-expressions': [
@@ -263,6 +272,7 @@ export default tseslint.config(
       ...vitest.configs.recommended.rules,
       'vitest/expect-expect': 'off',
       'vitest/no-commented-out-tests': 'off',
+      'no-restricted-syntax': ['error', ...commonRestrictedSyntaxRules],
     },
   },
   {

evals/concurrency-safety.eval.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2026 Google LLC
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+import { expect } from 'vitest';
+import { evalTest } from './test-helper.js';
+
+const MUTATION_AGENT_DEFINITION = `---
+name: mutation-agent
+description: An agent that modifies the workspace (writes, deletes, git operations, etc).
+max_turns: 1
+tools:
+  - write_file
+---
+
+You are the mutation agent. Do the mutation requested.
+`;
+
+describe('concurrency safety eval test cases', () => {
+  evalTest('USUALLY_PASSES', {
+    name: 'mutation agents are run in parallel when explicitly requested',
+    params: {
+      settings: {
+        experimental: {
+          enableAgents: true,
+        },
+      },
+    },
+    prompt:
+      'Update A.txt to say "A" and update B.txt to say "B". Delegate these tasks to two separate mutation-agent subagents. You MUST run these subagents in parallel at the same time.',
+    files: {
+      '.gemini/agents/mutation-agent.md': MUTATION_AGENT_DEFINITION,
+    },
+    assert: async (rig) => {
+      const logs = rig.readToolLogs();
+      const mutationCalls = logs.filter(
+        (log) => log.toolRequest?.name === 'mutation-agent',
+      );
+
+      expect(
+        mutationCalls.length,
+        'Agent should have called the mutation-agent at least twice',
+      ).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(2);
+
+      const firstPromptId = mutationCalls[0].toolRequest.prompt_id;
+      const secondPromptId = mutationCalls[1].toolRequest.prompt_id;
+
+      expect(
+        firstPromptId,
+        'mutation agents should be called in parallel (same turn / prompt_ids) when explicitly requested',
+      ).toEqual(secondPromptId);
+    },
+  });
+});

evals/test-helper.ts

@@ -112,6 +112,7 @@ export function evalTest(policy: EvalPolicy, evalCase: EvalCase) {
         // commands.
         execSync('git config core.editor "true"', execOptions);
         execSync('git config core.pager "cat"', execOptions);
+        execSync('git config commit.gpgsign false', execOptions);
         execSync('git add .', execOptions);
         execSync('git commit --allow-empty -m "Initial commit"', execOptions);
       }

integration-tests/acp-env-auth.test.ts

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ describe.skip('ACP Environment and Auth', () => {
 
       const bundlePath = join(import.meta.dirname, '..', 'bundle/gemini.js');
 
-      child = spawn('node', [bundlePath, '--experimental-acp'], {
+      child = spawn('node', [bundlePath, '--acp'], {
         cwd: rig.homeDir!,
         stdio: ['pipe', 'pipe', 'inherit'],
         env: {
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ describe.skip('ACP Environment and Auth', () => {
 
       const bundlePath = join(import.meta.dirname, '..', 'bundle/gemini.js');
 
-      child = spawn('node', [bundlePath, '--experimental-acp'], {
+      child = spawn('node', [bundlePath, '--acp'], {
         cwd: rig.homeDir!,
         stdio: ['pipe', 'pipe', 'inherit'],
         env: {

integration-tests/acp-telemetry.test.ts

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ describe('ACP telemetry', () => {
       'node',
       [
         bundlePath,
-        '--experimental-acp',
+        '--acp',
         '--fake-responses',
         join(rig.testDir!, 'fake-responses.json'),
       ],

integration-tests/api-resilience.responses

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"method":"generateContentStream","response":[{"candidates":[{"content":{"parts":[{"text":"Part 1. "}],"role":"model"},"index":0}]},{"usageMetadata":{"promptTokenCount":100,"candidatesTokenCount":10,"totalTokenCount":110}},{"candidates":[{"content":{"parts":[{"text":"Part 2."}],"role":"model"},"index":0}],"finishReason":"STOP"}]}

integration-tests/api-resilience.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2026 Google LLC
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach, afterEach } from 'vitest';
+import { TestRig } from './test-helper.js';
+import { join, dirname } from 'node:path';
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
+
+describe('API Resilience E2E', () => {
+  let rig: TestRig;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    rig = new TestRig();
+  });
+
+  afterEach(async () => {
+    await rig.cleanup();
+  });
+
+  it('should not crash when receiving metadata-only chunks in a stream', async () => {
+    await rig.setup('api-resilience-metadata-only', {
+      fakeResponsesPath: join(
+        dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)),
+        'api-resilience.responses',
+      ),
+      settings: {
+        planSettings: { modelRouting: false },
+      },
+    });
+
+    // Run the CLI with a simple prompt.
+    // The fake responses will provide a stream with a metadata-only chunk in the middle.
+    // We use gemini-3-pro-preview to minimize internal service calls.
+    const result = await rig.run({
+      args: ['hi', '--model', 'gemini-3-pro-preview'],
+    });
+
+    // Verify the output contains text from the normal chunks.
+    // If the CLI crashed on the metadata chunk, rig.run would throw.
+    expect(result).toContain('Part 1.');
+    expect(result).toContain('Part 2.');
+
+    // Verify telemetry event for the prompt was still generated
+    const hasUserPromptEvent = await rig.waitForTelemetryEvent('user_prompt');
+    expect(hasUserPromptEvent).toBe(true);
+  });
+});

integration-tests/browser-agent.cleanup.responses

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+{"method":"generateContentStream","response":[{"candidates":[{"content":{"parts":[{"text":"I'll open https://example.com and check the page title for you."},{"functionCall":{"name":"browser_agent","args":{"task":"Open https://example.com and get the page title"}}}],"role":"model"},"finishReason":"STOP","index":0}],"usageMetadata":{"promptTokenCount":100,"candidatesTokenCount":35,"totalTokenCount":135}}]}
+{"method":"generateContentStream","response":[{"candidates":[{"content":{"parts":[{"text":"The page title of https://example.com is \"Example Domain\". The browser session has been completed and cleaned up successfully."}],"role":"model"},"finishReason":"STOP","index":0}],"usageMetadata":{"promptTokenCount":200,"candidatesTokenCount":30,"totalTokenCount":230}}]}

integration-tests/browser-agent.interaction.responses

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+{"method":"generateContentStream","response":[{"candidates":[{"content":{"parts":[{"text":"I'll navigate to https://example.com and analyze the links on the page."},{"functionCall":{"name":"browser_agent","args":{"task":"Go to https://example.com and find all links on the page, then describe them"}}}],"role":"model"},"finishReason":"STOP","index":0}],"usageMetadata":{"promptTokenCount":100,"candidatesTokenCount":40,"totalTokenCount":140}}]}
+{"method":"generateContentStream","response":[{"candidates":[{"content":{"parts":[{"text":"After analyzing https://example.com, I found the following links:\n\n1. **\"More information...\"** - This is the main link on the page that points to the IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) website for more details about reserved domains.\n\nThe page is quite minimal with just this single informational link, which is typical for example domains used in documentation."}],"role":"model"},"finishReason":"STOP","index":0}],"usageMetadata":{"promptTokenCount":200,"candidatesTokenCount":70,"totalTokenCount":270}}]}

integration-tests/browser-agent.navigate-snapshot.responses

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+{"method":"generateContentStream","response":[{"candidates":[{"content":{"parts":[{"text":"I'll help you open https://example.com and analyze the page. Let me use the browser agent to navigate and capture the page information."},{"functionCall":{"name":"browser_agent","args":{"task":"Navigate to https://example.com and capture the accessibility tree to get the page title and main content"}}}],"role":"model"},"finishReason":"STOP","index":0}],"usageMetadata":{"promptTokenCount":100,"candidatesTokenCount":50,"totalTokenCount":150}}]}
+{"method":"generateContentStream","response":[{"candidates":[{"content":{"parts":[{"text":"Based on the browser analysis of https://example.com:\n\n**Page Title**: Example Domain\n\n**Main Content**: The page contains a simple heading \"Example Domain\" and explanatory text stating \"This domain is for use in illustrative examples in documents. You may use this domain in literature without prior coordination or asking for permission.\"\n\nThe page has a clean, minimal layout typical of placeholder domains used for documentation and examples."}],"role":"model"},"finishReason":"STOP","index":0}],"usageMetadata":{"promptTokenCount":200,"candidatesTokenCount":80,"totalTokenCount":280}}]}

integration-tests/browser-agent.screenshot.responses

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+{"method":"generateContentStream","response":[{"candidates":[{"content":{"parts":[{"text":"I'll navigate to https://example.com and take a screenshot for you."},{"functionCall":{"name":"browser_agent","args":{"task":"Navigate to https://example.com and take a screenshot of the page"}}}],"role":"model"},"finishReason":"STOP","index":0}],"usageMetadata":{"promptTokenCount":100,"candidatesTokenCount":40,"totalTokenCount":140}}]}
+{"method":"generateContentStream","response":[{"candidates":[{"content":{"parts":[{"text":"I've successfully navigated to https://example.com and captured a screenshot. The page shows the familiar \"Example Domain\" header with explanatory text below it. The screenshot captures the clean, minimal layout of this demonstration website."}],"role":"model"},"finishReason":"STOP","index":0}],"usageMetadata":{"promptTokenCount":200,"candidatesTokenCount":50,"totalTokenCount":250}}]}

integration-tests/browser-agent.sequential.responses

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+{"method":"generateContentStream","response":[{"candidates":[{"content":{"parts":[{"text":"I'll help you navigate to https://example.com and perform both operations - capturing the accessibility tree and taking a screenshot."},{"functionCall":{"name":"browser_agent","args":{"task":"Navigate to https://example.com, take a snapshot of the accessibility tree, then take a screenshot"}}}],"role":"model"},"finishReason":"STOP","index":0}],"usageMetadata":{"promptTokenCount":100,"candidatesTokenCount":45,"totalTokenCount":145}}]}
+{"method":"generateContentStream","response":[{"candidates":[{"content":{"parts":[{"text":"I've successfully completed both operations on https://example.com:\n\n**Accessibility Tree Snapshot**: The page has a clear structure with the main heading \"Example Domain\" and descriptive text about the domain's purpose for documentation examples.\n\n**Screenshot**: Captured a visual representation of the page showing the clean, minimal layout with the heading and explanatory text.\n\nBoth the accessibility data and visual screenshot confirm this is the standard example domain page used for documentation purposes."}],"role":"model"},"finishReason":"STOP","index":0}],"usageMetadata":{"promptTokenCount":200,"candidatesTokenCount":80,"totalTokenCount":280}}]}

integration-tests/browser-agent.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2026 Google LLC
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Integration tests for the browser agent.
+ *
+ * These tests verify the complete end-to-end flow from CLI prompt through
+ * browser_agent delegation to MCP/Chrome DevTools and back. Unlike the unit
+ * tests in packages/core/src/agents/browser/ which mock all MCP components,
+ * these tests launch real Chrome instances in headless mode.
+ *
+ * Tests are skipped on systems without Chrome/Chromium installed.
+ */
+
+import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach, afterEach } from 'vitest';
+import { TestRig, assertModelHasOutput } from './test-helper.js';
+import { dirname, join } from 'node:path';
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
+import { execSync } from 'node:child_process';
+import { existsSync } from 'node:fs';
+
+const __filename = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url);
+const __dirname = dirname(__filename);
+
+const chromeAvailable = (() => {
+  try {
+    if (process.platform === 'darwin') {
+      execSync(
+        'test -d "/Applications/Google Chrome.app"  || test -d "/Applications/Chromium.app"',
+        {
+          stdio: 'ignore',
+        },
+      );
+    } else if (process.platform === 'linux') {
+      execSync(
+        'which google-chrome || which chromium-browser || which chromium',
+        { stdio: 'ignore' },
+      );
+    } else if (process.platform === 'win32') {
+      // Check standard Windows installation paths using Node.js fs
+      const chromePaths = [
+        'C:\\Program Files\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chrome.exe',
+        'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chrome.exe',
+        `${process.env['LOCALAPPDATA'] ?? ''}\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chrome.exe`,
+      ];
+      const found = chromePaths.some((p) => existsSync(p));
+      if (!found) {
+        // Fall back to PATH check
+        execSync('where chrome || where chromium', { stdio: 'ignore' });
+      }
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  } catch {
+    return false;
+  }
+})();
+
+describe.skipIf(!chromeAvailable)('browser-agent', () => {
+  let rig: TestRig;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    rig = new TestRig();
+  });
+
+  afterEach(async () => await rig.cleanup());
+
+  it('should navigate to a page and capture accessibility tree', async () => {
+    rig.setup('browser-navigate-and-snapshot', {
+      fakeResponsesPath: join(
+        __dirname,
+        'browser-agent.navigate-snapshot.responses',
+      ),
+      settings: {
+        agents: {
+          browser_agent: {
+            headless: true,
+            sessionMode: 'isolated',
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    });
+
+    const result = await rig.run({
+      args: 'Open https://example.com in the browser and tell me the page title and main content.',
+    });
+
+    assertModelHasOutput(result);
+
+    const toolLogs = rig.readToolLogs();
+    const browserAgentCall = toolLogs.find(
+      (t) => t.toolRequest.name === 'browser_agent',
+    );
+    expect(
+      browserAgentCall,
+      'Expected browser_agent to be called',
+    ).toBeDefined();
+  });
+
+  it('should take screenshots of web pages', async () => {
+    rig.setup('browser-screenshot', {
+      fakeResponsesPath: join(__dirname, 'browser-agent.screenshot.responses'),
+      settings: {
+        agents: {
+          browser_agent: {
+            headless: true,
+            sessionMode: 'isolated',
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    });
+
+    const result = await rig.run({
+      args: 'Navigate to https://example.com and take a screenshot.',
+    });
+
+    const toolLogs = rig.readToolLogs();
+    const browserCalls = toolLogs.filter(
+      (t) => t.toolRequest.name === 'browser_agent',
+    );
+    expect(browserCalls.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+
+    assertModelHasOutput(result);
+  });
+
+  it('should interact with page elements', async () => {
+    rig.setup('browser-interaction', {
+      fakeResponsesPath: join(__dirname, 'browser-agent.interaction.responses'),
+      settings: {
+        agents: {
+          browser_agent: {
+            headless: true,
+            sessionMode: 'isolated',
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    });
+
+    const result = await rig.run({
+      args: 'Go to https://example.com, find any links on the page, and describe them.',
+    });
+
+    const toolLogs = rig.readToolLogs();
+    const browserAgentCall = toolLogs.find(
+      (t) => t.toolRequest.name === 'browser_agent',
+    );
+    expect(
+      browserAgentCall,
+      'Expected browser_agent to be called',
+    ).toBeDefined();
+
+    assertModelHasOutput(result);
+  });
+
+  it('should clean up browser processes after completion', async () => {
+    rig.setup('browser-cleanup', {
+      fakeResponsesPath: join(__dirname, 'browser-agent.cleanup.responses'),
+      settings: {
+        agents: {
+          browser_agent: {
+            headless: true,
+            sessionMode: 'isolated',
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    });
+
+    await rig.run({
+      args: 'Open https://example.com in the browser and check the page title.',
+    });
+
+    // Test passes if we reach here, relying on Vitest's timeout mechanism
+    // to detect hanging browser processes.
+  });
+
+  it('should handle multiple browser operations in sequence', async () => {
+    rig.setup('browser-sequential', {
+      fakeResponsesPath: join(__dirname, 'browser-agent.sequential.responses'),
+      settings: {
+        agents: {
+          browser_agent: {
+            headless: true,
+            sessionMode: 'isolated',
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    });
+
+    const result = await rig.run({
+      args: 'Navigate to https://example.com, take a snapshot of the accessibility tree, then take a screenshot.',
+    });
+
+    const toolLogs = rig.readToolLogs();
+    const browserCalls = toolLogs.filter(
+      (t) => t.toolRequest.name === 'browser_agent',
+    );
+    expect(browserCalls.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+
+    // Should successfully complete all operations
+    assertModelHasOutput(result);
+  });
+});

integration-tests/extensions-reload.test.ts

@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ describe('extension reloading', () => {
           return (
             output.includes(
               'test-server (from test-extension) - Ready (1 tool)',
-            ) && output.includes('- hello')
+            ) && output.includes('- mcp_test-server_hello')
           );
         },
         30000, // 30s timeout
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ describe('extension reloading', () => {
           return (
             output.includes(
               'test-server (from test-extension) - Ready (1 tool)',
-            ) && output.includes('- goodbye')
+            ) && output.includes('- mcp_test-server_goodbye')
           );
         },
         30000,

integration-tests/hooks-agent-flow.test.ts

@@ -182,14 +182,22 @@ describe('Hooks Agent Flow', () => {
       );
 
       const afterAgentScript = `
-        console.log(JSON.stringify({
-          decision: 'block',
-          reason: 'Security policy triggered',
-          hookSpecificOutput: {
-            hookEventName: 'AfterAgent',
-            clearContext: true
-          }
-        }));
+        const fs = require('fs');
+        const input = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(0, 'utf-8'));
+        if (input.stop_hook_active) {
+          // Retry turn: allow execution to proceed (breaks the loop)
+          console.log(JSON.stringify({ decision: 'allow' }));
+        } else {
+          // First call: block and clear context to trigger the retry
+          console.log(JSON.stringify({
+            decision: 'block',
+            reason: 'Security policy triggered',
+            hookSpecificOutput: {
+              hookEventName: 'AfterAgent',
+              clearContext: true
+            }
+          }));
+        }
       `;
       const afterAgentScriptPath = rig.createScript(
         'after_agent_clear.cjs',
@@ -198,8 +206,10 @@ describe('Hooks Agent Flow', () => {
 
       rig.setup('should process clearContext in AfterAgent hook output', {
         settings: {
-          hooks: {
+          hooksConfig: {
             enabled: true,
+          },
+          hooks: {
             BeforeModel: [
               {
                 hooks: [

integration-tests/hooks-system.after-agent.responses

@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 {"method":"generateContentStream","response":[{"candidates":[{"content":{"parts":[{"text":"Hi there!"}],"role":"model"},"finishReason":"STOP","index":0}]}]}
 {"method":"generateContentStream","response":[{"candidates":[{"content":{"parts":[{"text":"Clarification: I am a bot."}],"role":"model"},"finishReason":"STOP","index":0}]}]}
+{"method":"generateContentStream","response":[{"candidates":[{"content":{"parts":[{"text":"Security policy triggered"}],"role":"model"},"finishReason":"STOP","index":0}]}]}

integration-tests/policy-headless.test.ts

@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ async function verifyToolExecution(
   promptCommand: PromptCommand,
   result: string,
   expectAllowed: boolean,
+  expectedDenialString?: string,
 ) {
   const log = await waitForToolCallLog(
     rig,
@@ -78,10 +79,13 @@ async function verifyToolExecution(
   if (expectAllowed) {
     expect(log!.toolRequest.success).toBe(true);
     expect(result).not.toContain('Tool execution denied by policy');
+    expect(result).not.toContain(`Tool "${promptCommand.tool}" not found`);
     expect(result).toContain(promptCommand.expectedSuccessResult);
   } else {
     expect(log!.toolRequest.success).toBe(false);
-    expect(result).toContain('Tool execution denied by policy');
+    expect(result).toContain(
+      expectedDenialString || 'Tool execution denied by policy',
+    );
     expect(result).toContain(promptCommand.expectedFailureResult);
   }
 }
@@ -92,6 +96,7 @@ interface TestCase {
   promptCommand: PromptCommand;
   policyContent?: string;
   expectAllowed: boolean;
+  expectedDenialString?: string;
 }
 
 describe('Policy Engine Headless Mode', () => {
@@ -125,7 +130,13 @@ describe('Policy Engine Headless Mode', () => {
       approvalMode: 'default',
     });
 
-    await verifyToolExecution(rig, tc.promptCommand, result, tc.expectAllowed);
+    await verifyToolExecution(
+      rig,
+      tc.promptCommand,
+      result,
+      tc.expectAllowed,
+      tc.expectedDenialString,
+    );
   };
 
   const testCases = [
@@ -134,6 +145,7 @@ describe('Policy Engine Headless Mode', () => {
       responsesFile: 'policy-headless-shell-denied.responses',
       promptCommand: ECHO_PROMPT,
       expectAllowed: false,
+      expectedDenialString: 'Tool "run_shell_command" not found',
     },
     {
       name: 'should allow ASK_USER tools in headless mode if explicitly allowed via policy file',
@@ -178,6 +190,7 @@ describe('Policy Engine Headless Mode', () => {
         priority = 100
       `,
       expectAllowed: false,
+      expectedDenialString: 'Tool execution denied by policy',
     },
   ];
 

packages/a2a-server/src/agent/task.ts

@@ -832,7 +832,9 @@ export class Task {
     if (
       part.kind !== 'data' ||
       !part.data ||
+      // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-syntax
       typeof part.data['callId'] !== 'string' ||
+      // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-syntax
       typeof part.data['outcome'] !== 'string'
     ) {
       return false;

packages/a2a-server/src/config/config.ts

@@ -120,7 +120,6 @@ export async function loadConfig(
     await loadServerHierarchicalMemory(
       workspaceDir,
       [workspaceDir],
-      false,
       fileService,
       extensionLoader,
       folderTrust,

packages/cli/src/acp/acpClient.test.ts

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import {
   type Mock,
   type Mocked,
 } from 'vitest';
-import { GeminiAgent, Session } from './zedIntegration.js';
+import { GeminiAgent, Session } from './acpClient.js';
 import type { CommandHandler } from './commandHandler.js';
 import * as acp from '@agentclientprotocol/sdk';
 import {
@@ -208,7 +208,16 @@ describe('GeminiAgent', () => {
     });
 
     expect(response.protocolVersion).toBe(acp.PROTOCOL_VERSION);
-    expect(response.authMethods).toHaveLength(3);
+    expect(response.authMethods).toHaveLength(4);
+    const gatewayAuth = response.authMethods?.find(
+      (m) => m.id === AuthType.GATEWAY,
+    );
+    expect(gatewayAuth?._meta).toEqual({
+      gateway: {
+        protocol: 'google',
+        restartRequired: 'false',
+      },
+    });
     const geminiAuth = response.authMethods?.find(
       (m) => m.id === AuthType.USE_GEMINI,
     );
@@ -228,6 +237,8 @@ describe('GeminiAgent', () => {
     expect(mockConfig.refreshAuth).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
       AuthType.LOGIN_WITH_GOOGLE,
       undefined,
+      undefined,
+      undefined,
     );
     expect(mockSettings.setValue).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
       SettingScope.User,
@@ -247,6 +258,8 @@ describe('GeminiAgent', () => {
     expect(mockConfig.refreshAuth).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
       AuthType.USE_GEMINI,
       'test-api-key',
+      undefined,
+      undefined,
     );
     expect(mockSettings.setValue).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
       SettingScope.User,
@@ -255,6 +268,45 @@ describe('GeminiAgent', () => {
     );
   });
 
+  it('should authenticate correctly with gateway method', async () => {
+    await agent.authenticate({
+      methodId: AuthType.GATEWAY,
+      _meta: {
+        gateway: {
+          baseUrl: 'https://example.com',
+          headers: { Authorization: 'Bearer token' },
+        },
+      },
+    } as unknown as acp.AuthenticateRequest);
+
+    expect(mockConfig.refreshAuth).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      AuthType.GATEWAY,
+      undefined,
+      'https://example.com',
+      { Authorization: 'Bearer token' },
+    );
+    expect(mockSettings.setValue).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      SettingScope.User,
+      'security.auth.selectedType',
+      AuthType.GATEWAY,
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('should throw acp.RequestError when gateway payload is malformed', async () => {
+    await expect(
+      agent.authenticate({
+        methodId: AuthType.GATEWAY,
+        _meta: {
+          gateway: {
+            // Invalid baseUrl
+            baseUrl: 123,
+            headers: { Authorization: 'Bearer token' },
+          },
+        },
+      } as unknown as acp.AuthenticateRequest),
+    ).rejects.toThrow(/Malformed gateway payload/);
+  });
+
   it('should create a new session', async () => {
     vi.useFakeTimers();
     mockConfig.getContentGeneratorConfig = vi.fn().mockReturnValue({

packages/cli/src/acp/acpClient.ts

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ import { runExitCleanup } from '../utils/cleanup.js';
 import { SessionSelector } from '../utils/sessionUtils.js';
 
 import { CommandHandler } from './commandHandler.js';
-export async function runZedIntegration(
+export async function runAcpClient(
   config: Config,
   settings: LoadedSettings,
   argv: CliArgs,
@@ -98,6 +98,8 @@ export class GeminiAgent {
   private sessions: Map<string, Session> = new Map();
   private clientCapabilities: acp.ClientCapabilities | undefined;
   private apiKey: string | undefined;
+  private baseUrl: string | undefined;
+  private customHeaders: Record<string, string> | undefined;
 
   constructor(
     private config: Config,
@@ -131,6 +133,17 @@ export class GeminiAgent {
         name: 'Vertex AI',
         description: 'Use an API key with Vertex AI GenAI API',
       },
+      {
+        id: AuthType.GATEWAY,
+        name: 'AI API Gateway',
+        description: 'Use a custom AI API Gateway',
+        _meta: {
+          gateway: {
+            protocol: 'google',
+            restartRequired: 'false',
+          },
+        },
+      },
     ];
 
     await this.config.initialize();
@@ -179,7 +192,38 @@ export class GeminiAgent {
       if (apiKey) {
         this.apiKey = apiKey;
       }
-      await this.config.refreshAuth(method, apiKey ?? this.apiKey);
+
+      // Extract gateway details if present
+      const gatewaySchema = z.object({
+        baseUrl: z.string().optional(),
+        headers: z.record(z.string()).optional(),
+      });
+
+      let baseUrl: string | undefined;
+      let headers: Record<string, string> | undefined;
+
+      if (meta?.['gateway']) {
+        const result = gatewaySchema.safeParse(meta['gateway']);
+        if (result.success) {
+          baseUrl = result.data.baseUrl;
+          headers = result.data.headers;
+        } else {
+          throw new acp.RequestError(
+            -32602,
+            `Malformed gateway payload: ${result.error.message}`,
+          );
+        }
+      }
+
+      this.baseUrl = baseUrl;
+      this.customHeaders = headers;
+
+      await this.config.refreshAuth(
+        method,
+        apiKey ?? this.apiKey,
+        baseUrl,
+        headers,
+      );
     } catch (e) {
       throw new acp.RequestError(-32000, getAcpErrorMessage(e));
     }
@@ -209,7 +253,12 @@ export class GeminiAgent {
     let isAuthenticated = false;
     let authErrorMessage = '';
     try {
-      await config.refreshAuth(authType, this.apiKey);
+      await config.refreshAuth(
+        authType,
+        this.apiKey,
+        this.baseUrl,
+        this.customHeaders,
+      );
       isAuthenticated = true;
 
       // Extra validation for Gemini API key
@@ -371,7 +420,12 @@ export class GeminiAgent {
     // This satisfies the security requirement to verify the user before executing
     // potentially unsafe server definitions.
     try {
-      await config.refreshAuth(selectedAuthType, this.apiKey);
+      await config.refreshAuth(
+        selectedAuthType,
+        this.apiKey,
+        this.baseUrl,
+        this.customHeaders,
+      );
     } catch (e) {
       debugLogger.error(`Authentication failed: ${e}`);
       throw acp.RequestError.authRequired();

packages/cli/src/acp/acpResume.test.ts

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import {
   type Mocked,
   type Mock,
 } from 'vitest';
-import { GeminiAgent } from './zedIntegration.js';
+import { GeminiAgent } from './acpClient.js';
 import * as acp from '@agentclientprotocol/sdk';
 import {
   ApprovalMode,

packages/cli/src/acp/commands/extensions.ts

@@ -319,26 +319,43 @@ export class UninstallExtensionCommand implements Command {
       };
     }
 
-    const name = args.join(' ').trim();
-    if (!name) {
+    const all = args.includes('--all');
+    const names = args.filter((a) => !a.startsWith('--')).map((a) => a.trim());
+
+    if (!all && names.length === 0) {
       return {
         name: this.name,
-        data: `Usage: /extensions uninstall <extension-name>`,
+        data: `Usage: /extensions uninstall <extension-names...>|--all`,
       };
     }
 
-    try {
-      await extensionLoader.uninstallExtension(name, false);
+    let namesToUninstall: string[] = [];
+    if (all) {
+      namesToUninstall = extensionLoader.getExtensions().map((ext) => ext.name);
+    } else {
+      namesToUninstall = names;
+    }
+
+    if (namesToUninstall.length === 0) {
       return {
         name: this.name,
-        data: `Extension "${name}" uninstalled successfully.`,
-      };
-    } catch (error) {
-      return {
-        name: this.name,
-        data: `Failed to uninstall extension "${name}": ${getErrorMessage(error)}`,
+        data: all ? 'No extensions installed.' : 'No extension name provided.',
       };
     }
+
+    const output: string[] = [];
+    for (const extensionName of namesToUninstall) {
+      try {
+        await extensionLoader.uninstallExtension(extensionName, false);
+        output.push(`Extension "${extensionName}" uninstalled successfully.`);
+      } catch (error) {
+        output.push(
+          `Failed to uninstall extension "${extensionName}": ${getErrorMessage(error)}`,
+        );
+      }
+    }
+
+    return { name: this.name, data: output.join('\n') };
   }
 }
 

packages/cli/src/commands/extensions/uninstall.test.ts

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import { getErrorMessage } from '../../utils/errors.js';
 // Hoisted mocks - these survive vi.clearAllMocks()
 const mockUninstallExtension = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn());
 const mockLoadExtensions = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn());
+const mockGetExtensions = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn());
 
 // Mock dependencies with hoisted functions
 vi.mock('../../config/extension-manager.js', async (importOriginal) => {
@@ -38,6 +39,7 @@ vi.mock('../../config/extension-manager.js', async (importOriginal) => {
     ExtensionManager: vi.fn().mockImplementation(() => ({
       uninstallExtension: mockUninstallExtension,
       loadExtensions: mockLoadExtensions,
+      getExtensions: mockGetExtensions,
       setRequestConsent: vi.fn(),
       setRequestSetting: vi.fn(),
     })),
@@ -93,6 +95,7 @@ describe('extensions uninstall command', () => {
   afterEach(() => {
     mockLoadExtensions.mockClear();
     mockUninstallExtension.mockClear();
+    mockGetExtensions.mockClear();
     vi.clearAllMocks();
   });
 
@@ -145,6 +148,41 @@ describe('extensions uninstall command', () => {
       mockCwd.mockRestore();
     });
 
+    it('should uninstall all extensions when --all flag is used', async () => {
+      mockLoadExtensions.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+      mockUninstallExtension.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+      mockGetExtensions.mockReturnValue([{ name: 'ext1' }, { name: 'ext2' }]);
+      const mockCwd = vi.spyOn(process, 'cwd').mockReturnValue('/test/dir');
+      await handleUninstall({ all: true });
+
+      expect(mockUninstallExtension).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+      expect(mockUninstallExtension).toHaveBeenCalledWith('ext1', false);
+      expect(mockUninstallExtension).toHaveBeenCalledWith('ext2', false);
+      expect(emitConsoleLog).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        'log',
+        'Extension "ext1" successfully uninstalled.',
+      );
+      expect(emitConsoleLog).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        'log',
+        'Extension "ext2" successfully uninstalled.',
+      );
+      mockCwd.mockRestore();
+    });
+
+    it('should log a message if no extensions are installed and --all flag is used', async () => {
+      mockLoadExtensions.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+      mockGetExtensions.mockReturnValue([]);
+      const mockCwd = vi.spyOn(process, 'cwd').mockReturnValue('/test/dir');
+      await handleUninstall({ all: true });
+
+      expect(mockUninstallExtension).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(emitConsoleLog).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        'log',
+        'No extensions currently installed.',
+      );
+      mockCwd.mockRestore();
+    });
+
     it('should report errors for failed uninstalls but continue with others', async () => {
       mockLoadExtensions.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
       const mockCwd = vi.spyOn(process, 'cwd').mockReturnValue('/test/dir');
@@ -236,13 +274,14 @@ describe('extensions uninstall command', () => {
     const command = uninstallCommand;
 
     it('should have correct command and describe', () => {
-      expect(command.command).toBe('uninstall <names..>');
+      expect(command.command).toBe('uninstall [names..]');
       expect(command.describe).toBe('Uninstalls one or more extensions.');
     });
 
     describe('builder', () => {
       interface MockYargs {
         positional: Mock;
+        option: Mock;
         check: Mock;
       }
 
@@ -250,11 +289,12 @@ describe('extensions uninstall command', () => {
       beforeEach(() => {
         yargsMock = {
           positional: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
+          option: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
           check: vi.fn().mockReturnThis(),
         };
       });
 
-      it('should configure positional argument', () => {
+      it('should configure arguments and options', () => {
         (command.builder as (yargs: Argv) => Argv)(
           yargsMock as unknown as Argv,
         );
@@ -264,18 +304,31 @@ describe('extensions uninstall command', () => {
           type: 'string',
           array: true,
         });
+        expect(yargsMock.option).toHaveBeenCalledWith('all', {
+          type: 'boolean',
+          describe: 'Uninstall all installed extensions.',
+          default: false,
+        });
         expect(yargsMock.check).toHaveBeenCalled();
       });
 
-      it('check function should throw for missing names', () => {
+      it('check function should throw for missing names and no --all flag', () => {
         (command.builder as (yargs: Argv) => Argv)(
           yargsMock as unknown as Argv,
         );
         const checkCallback = yargsMock.check.mock.calls[0][0];
-        expect(() => checkCallback({ names: [] })).toThrow(
-          'Please include at least one extension name to uninstall as a positional argument.',
+        expect(() => checkCallback({ names: [], all: false })).toThrow(
+          'Please include at least one extension name to uninstall as a positional argument, or use the --all flag.',
         );
       });
+
+      it('check function should pass if --all flag is used even without names', () => {
+        (command.builder as (yargs: Argv) => Argv)(
+          yargsMock as unknown as Argv,
+        );
+        const checkCallback = yargsMock.check.mock.calls[0][0];
+        expect(() => checkCallback({ names: [], all: true })).not.toThrow();
+      });
     });
 
     it('handler should call handleUninstall', async () => {
@@ -283,10 +336,17 @@ describe('extensions uninstall command', () => {
       mockUninstallExtension.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
       const mockCwd = vi.spyOn(process, 'cwd').mockReturnValue('/test/dir');
       interface TestArgv {
-        names: string[];
-        [key: string]: unknown;
+        names?: string[];
+        all?: boolean;
+        _: string[];
+        $0: string;
       }
-      const argv: TestArgv = { names: ['my-extension'], _: [], $0: '' };
+      const argv: TestArgv = {
+        names: ['my-extension'],
+        all: false,
+        _: [],
+        $0: '',
+      };
       await (command.handler as unknown as (args: TestArgv) => Promise<void>)(
         argv,
       );

packages/cli/src/commands/extensions/uninstall.ts

@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@ import { promptForSetting } from '../../config/extensions/extensionSettings.js';
 import { exitCli } from '../utils.js';
 
 interface UninstallArgs {
-  names: string[]; // can be extension names or source URLs.
+  names?: string[]; // can be extension names or source URLs.
+  all?: boolean;
 }
 
 export async function handleUninstall(args: UninstallArgs) {
@@ -28,8 +29,24 @@ export async function handleUninstall(args: UninstallArgs) {
     });
     await extensionManager.loadExtensions();
 
+    let namesToUninstall: string[] = [];
+    if (args.all) {
+      namesToUninstall = extensionManager
+        .getExtensions()
+        .map((ext) => ext.name);
+    } else if (args.names) {
+      namesToUninstall = [...new Set(args.names)];
+    }
+
+    if (namesToUninstall.length === 0) {
+      if (args.all) {
+        debugLogger.log('No extensions currently installed.');
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+
     const errors: Array<{ name: string; error: string }> = [];
-    for (const name of [...new Set(args.names)]) {
+    for (const name of namesToUninstall) {
       try {
         await extensionManager.uninstallExtension(name, false);
         debugLogger.log(`Extension "${name}" successfully uninstalled.`);
@@ -51,7 +68,7 @@ export async function handleUninstall(args: UninstallArgs) {
 }
 
 export const uninstallCommand: CommandModule = {
-  command: 'uninstall <names..>',
+  command: 'uninstall [names..]',
   describe: 'Uninstalls one or more extensions.',
   builder: (yargs) =>
     yargs
@@ -61,10 +78,15 @@ export const uninstallCommand: CommandModule = {
         type: 'string',
         array: true,
       })
+      .option('all', {
+        type: 'boolean',
+        describe: 'Uninstall all installed extensions.',
+        default: false,
+      })
       .check((argv) => {
-        if (!argv.names || argv.names.length === 0) {
+        if (!argv.all && (!argv.names || argv.names.length === 0)) {
           throw new Error(
-            'Please include at least one extension name to uninstall as a positional argument.',
+            'Please include at least one extension name to uninstall as a positional argument, or use the --all flag.',
           );
         }
         return true;
@@ -72,7 +94,9 @@ export const uninstallCommand: CommandModule = {
   handler: async (argv) => {
     await handleUninstall({
       // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-type-assertion
-      names: argv['names'] as string[],
+      names: argv['names'] as string[] | undefined,
+      // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-type-assertion
+      all: argv['all'] as boolean,
     });
     await exitCli();
   },

packages/cli/src/commands/hooks/migrate.ts

@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@ function migrateClaudeHook(claudeHook: unknown): unknown {
     migrated['command'] = hook['command'];
 
     // Replace CLAUDE_PROJECT_DIR with GEMINI_PROJECT_DIR in command
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-syntax
     if (typeof migrated['command'] === 'string') {
       migrated['command'] = migrated['command'].replace(
         /\$CLAUDE_PROJECT_DIR/g,
@@ -93,6 +94,7 @@ function migrateClaudeHook(claudeHook: unknown): unknown {
   }
 
   // Map timeout field (Claude uses seconds, Gemini uses seconds)
+  // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-syntax
   if ('timeout' in hook && typeof hook['timeout'] === 'number') {
     migrated['timeout'] = hook['timeout'];
   }
@@ -140,6 +142,7 @@ function migrateClaudeHooks(claudeConfig: unknown): Record<string, unknown> {
       // Transform matcher
       if (
         'matcher' in definition &&
+        // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-syntax
         typeof definition['matcher'] === 'string'
       ) {
         migratedDef['matcher'] = transformMatcher(definition['matcher']);

packages/cli/src/config/config.test.ts

@@ -116,14 +116,16 @@ vi.mock('@google/gemini-cli-core', async () => {
       (
         cwd,
         dirs,
-        debug,
         fileService,
         extensionLoader: ExtensionLoader,
+        _folderTrust,
+        _importFormat,
+        _fileFilteringOptions,
         _maxDirs,
       ) => {
-        const extensionPaths = extensionLoader
-          .getExtensions()
-          .flatMap((e) => e.contextFiles);
+        const extensionPaths =
+          extensionLoader?.getExtensions?.()?.flatMap((e) => e.contextFiles) ||
+          [];
         return Promise.resolve({
           memoryContent: extensionPaths.join(',') || '',
           fileCount: extensionPaths?.length || 0,
@@ -847,7 +849,6 @@ describe('Hierarchical Memory Loading (config.ts) - Placeholder Suite', () => {
     expect(ServerConfig.loadServerHierarchicalMemory).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
       expect.any(String),
       [],
-      false,
       expect.any(Object),
       expect.any(ExtensionManager),
       true,
@@ -876,7 +877,6 @@ describe('Hierarchical Memory Loading (config.ts) - Placeholder Suite', () => {
     expect(ServerConfig.loadServerHierarchicalMemory).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
       expect.any(String),
       [includeDir],
-      false,
       expect.any(Object),
       expect.any(ExtensionManager),
       true,
@@ -904,7 +904,6 @@ describe('Hierarchical Memory Loading (config.ts) - Placeholder Suite', () => {
     expect(ServerConfig.loadServerHierarchicalMemory).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
       expect.any(String),
       [],
-      false,
       expect.any(Object),
       expect.any(ExtensionManager),
       true,

packages/cli/src/config/config.ts

@@ -76,7 +76,8 @@ export interface CliArgs {
   policy: string[] | undefined;
   allowedMcpServerNames: string[] | undefined;
   allowedTools: string[] | undefined;
-  experimentalAcp: boolean | undefined;
+  acp?: boolean;
+  experimentalAcp?: boolean;
   extensions: string[] | undefined;
   listExtensions: boolean | undefined;
   resume: string | typeof RESUME_LATEST | undefined;
@@ -172,10 +173,15 @@ export async function parseArguments(
                 .filter(Boolean),
             ),
         })
-        .option('experimental-acp', {
+        .option('acp', {
           type: 'boolean',
           description: 'Starts the agent in ACP mode',
         })
+        .option('experimental-acp', {
+          type: 'boolean',
+          description:
+            'Starts the agent in ACP mode (deprecated, use --acp instead)',
+        })
         .option('allowed-mcp-server-names', {
           type: 'array',
           string: true,
@@ -493,7 +499,6 @@ export async function loadCliConfig(
       settings.context?.loadMemoryFromIncludeDirectories || false
         ? includeDirectories
         : [],
-      debugMode,
       fileService,
       extensionManager,
       trustedFolder,
@@ -597,6 +602,7 @@ export async function loadCliConfig(
   // -i/--prompt-interactive forces interactive mode with an initial prompt
   const interactive =
     !!argv.promptInteractive ||
+    !!argv.acp ||
     !!argv.experimentalAcp ||
     (!isHeadlessMode({ prompt: argv.prompt, query: argv.query }) &&
       !argv.isCommand);
@@ -688,6 +694,7 @@ export async function loadCliConfig(
   }
 
   return new Config({
+    acpMode: !!argv.acp || !!argv.experimentalAcp,
     sessionId,
     clientVersion: await getVersion(),
     embeddingModel: DEFAULT_GEMINI_EMBEDDING_MODEL,
@@ -751,7 +758,7 @@ export async function loadCliConfig(
     bugCommand: settings.advanced?.bugCommand,
     model: resolvedModel,
     maxSessionTurns: settings.model?.maxSessionTurns,
-    experimentalZedIntegration: argv.experimentalAcp || false,
+
     listExtensions: argv.listExtensions || false,
     listSessions: argv.listSessions || false,
     deleteSession: argv.deleteSession,
@@ -798,6 +805,7 @@ export async function loadCliConfig(
     fakeResponses: argv.fakeResponses,
     recordResponses: argv.recordResponses,
     retryFetchErrors: settings.general?.retryFetchErrors,
+    billing: settings.billing,
     maxAttempts: settings.general?.maxAttempts,
     ptyInfo: ptyInfo?.name,
     disableLLMCorrection: settings.tools?.disableLLMCorrection,

packages/cli/src/config/keyBindings.test.ts

@@ -58,46 +58,6 @@ describe('keyBindings config', () => {
       const config: KeyBindingConfig = defaultKeyBindings;
       expect(config[Command.HOME]).toBeDefined();
     });
-
-    it('should have correct specific bindings', () => {
-      // Verify navigation ignores shift
-      const navUp = defaultKeyBindings[Command.NAVIGATION_UP];
-      expect(navUp).toContainEqual({ key: 'up', shift: false });
-
-      const navDown = defaultKeyBindings[Command.NAVIGATION_DOWN];
-      expect(navDown).toContainEqual({ key: 'down', shift: false });
-
-      // Verify dialog navigation
-      const dialogNavUp = defaultKeyBindings[Command.DIALOG_NAVIGATION_UP];
-      expect(dialogNavUp).toContainEqual({ key: 'up', shift: false });
-      expect(dialogNavUp).toContainEqual({ key: 'k', shift: false });
-
-      const dialogNavDown = defaultKeyBindings[Command.DIALOG_NAVIGATION_DOWN];
-      expect(dialogNavDown).toContainEqual({ key: 'down', shift: false });
-      expect(dialogNavDown).toContainEqual({ key: 'j', shift: false });
-
-      // Verify physical home/end keys for cursor movement
-      expect(defaultKeyBindings[Command.HOME]).toContainEqual({
-        key: 'home',
-        ctrl: false,
-        shift: false,
-      });
-      expect(defaultKeyBindings[Command.END]).toContainEqual({
-        key: 'end',
-        ctrl: false,
-        shift: false,
-      });
-
-      // Verify physical home/end keys for scrolling
-      expect(defaultKeyBindings[Command.SCROLL_HOME]).toContainEqual({
-        key: 'home',
-        ctrl: true,
-      });
-      expect(defaultKeyBindings[Command.SCROLL_END]).toContainEqual({
-        key: 'end',
-        ctrl: true,
-      });
-    });
   });
 
   describe('command metadata', () => {

packages/cli/src/config/keyBindings.ts

@@ -134,27 +134,12 @@ export const defaultKeyBindings: KeyBindingConfig = {
   [Command.EXIT]: [{ key: 'd', ctrl: true }],
 
   // Cursor Movement
-  [Command.HOME]: [
-    { key: 'a', ctrl: true },
-    { key: 'home', shift: false, ctrl: false },
-  ],
-  [Command.END]: [
-    { key: 'e', ctrl: true },
-    { key: 'end', shift: false, ctrl: false },
-  ],
-  [Command.MOVE_UP]: [
-    { key: 'up', shift: false, alt: false, ctrl: false, cmd: false },
-  ],
-  [Command.MOVE_DOWN]: [
-    { key: 'down', shift: false, alt: false, ctrl: false, cmd: false },
-  ],
-  [Command.MOVE_LEFT]: [
-    { key: 'left', shift: false, alt: false, ctrl: false, cmd: false },
-  ],
-  [Command.MOVE_RIGHT]: [
-    { key: 'right', shift: false, alt: false, ctrl: false, cmd: false },
-    { key: 'f', ctrl: true },
-  ],
+  [Command.HOME]: [{ key: 'a', ctrl: true }, { key: 'home' }],
+  [Command.END]: [{ key: 'e', ctrl: true }, { key: 'end' }],
+  [Command.MOVE_UP]: [{ key: 'up' }],
+  [Command.MOVE_DOWN]: [{ key: 'down' }],
+  [Command.MOVE_LEFT]: [{ key: 'left' }],
+  [Command.MOVE_RIGHT]: [{ key: 'right' }, { key: 'f', ctrl: true }],
   [Command.MOVE_WORD_LEFT]: [
     { key: 'left', ctrl: true },
     { key: 'left', alt: true },
@@ -183,8 +168,8 @@ export const defaultKeyBindings: KeyBindingConfig = {
   [Command.DELETE_CHAR_LEFT]: [{ key: 'backspace' }, { key: 'h', ctrl: true }],
   [Command.DELETE_CHAR_RIGHT]: [{ key: 'delete' }, { key: 'd', ctrl: true }],
   [Command.UNDO]: [
-    { key: 'z', cmd: true, shift: false },
-    { key: 'z', alt: true, shift: false },
+    { key: 'z', cmd: true },
+    { key: 'z', alt: true },
   ],
   [Command.REDO]: [
     { key: 'z', ctrl: true, shift: true },
@@ -207,56 +192,33 @@ export const defaultKeyBindings: KeyBindingConfig = {
   [Command.PAGE_DOWN]: [{ key: 'pagedown' }],
 
   // History & Search
-  [Command.HISTORY_UP]: [{ key: 'p', shift: false, ctrl: true }],
-  [Command.HISTORY_DOWN]: [{ key: 'n', shift: false, ctrl: true }],
+  [Command.HISTORY_UP]: [{ key: 'p', ctrl: true }],
+  [Command.HISTORY_DOWN]: [{ key: 'n', ctrl: true }],
   [Command.REVERSE_SEARCH]: [{ key: 'r', ctrl: true }],
-  [Command.REWIND]: [{ key: 'double escape' }],
-  [Command.SUBMIT_REVERSE_SEARCH]: [{ key: 'return', ctrl: false }],
-  [Command.ACCEPT_SUGGESTION_REVERSE_SEARCH]: [{ key: 'tab', shift: false }],
+  [Command.REWIND]: [{ key: 'double escape' }], // for documentation only
+  [Command.SUBMIT_REVERSE_SEARCH]: [{ key: 'return' }],
+  [Command.ACCEPT_SUGGESTION_REVERSE_SEARCH]: [{ key: 'tab' }],
 
   // Navigation
-  [Command.NAVIGATION_UP]: [{ key: 'up', shift: false }],
-  [Command.NAVIGATION_DOWN]: [{ key: 'down', shift: false }],
+  [Command.NAVIGATION_UP]: [{ key: 'up' }],
+  [Command.NAVIGATION_DOWN]: [{ key: 'down' }],
   // Navigation shortcuts appropriate for dialogs where we do not need to accept
   // text input.
-  [Command.DIALOG_NAVIGATION_UP]: [
-    { key: 'up', shift: false },
-    { key: 'k', shift: false },
-  ],
-  [Command.DIALOG_NAVIGATION_DOWN]: [
-    { key: 'down', shift: false },
-    { key: 'j', shift: false },
-  ],
-  [Command.DIALOG_NEXT]: [{ key: 'tab', shift: false }],
+  [Command.DIALOG_NAVIGATION_UP]: [{ key: 'up' }, { key: 'k' }],
+  [Command.DIALOG_NAVIGATION_DOWN]: [{ key: 'down' }, { key: 'j' }],
+  [Command.DIALOG_NEXT]: [{ key: 'tab' }],
   [Command.DIALOG_PREV]: [{ key: 'tab', shift: true }],
 
   // Suggestions & Completions
-  [Command.ACCEPT_SUGGESTION]: [
-    { key: 'tab', shift: false },
-    { key: 'return', ctrl: false },
-  ],
-  [Command.COMPLETION_UP]: [
-    { key: 'up', shift: false },
-    { key: 'p', shift: false, ctrl: true },
-  ],
-  [Command.COMPLETION_DOWN]: [
-    { key: 'down', shift: false },
-    { key: 'n', shift: false, ctrl: true },
-  ],
+  [Command.ACCEPT_SUGGESTION]: [{ key: 'tab' }, { key: 'return' }],
+  [Command.COMPLETION_UP]: [{ key: 'up' }, { key: 'p', ctrl: true }],
+  [Command.COMPLETION_DOWN]: [{ key: 'down' }, { key: 'n', ctrl: true }],
   [Command.EXPAND_SUGGESTION]: [{ key: 'right' }],
   [Command.COLLAPSE_SUGGESTION]: [{ key: 'left' }],
 
   // Text Input
   // Must also exclude shift to allow shift+enter for newline
-  [Command.SUBMIT]: [
-    {
-      key: 'return',
-      shift: false,
-      alt: false,
-      ctrl: false,
-      cmd: false,
-    },
-  ],
+  [Command.SUBMIT]: [{ key: 'return' }],
   [Command.NEWLINE]: [
     { key: 'return', ctrl: true },
     { key: 'return', cmd: true },
@@ -283,19 +245,17 @@ export const defaultKeyBindings: KeyBindingConfig = {
   [Command.TOGGLE_BACKGROUND_SHELL_LIST]: [{ key: 'l', ctrl: true }],
   [Command.KILL_BACKGROUND_SHELL]: [{ key: 'k', ctrl: true }],
   [Command.UNFOCUS_BACKGROUND_SHELL]: [{ key: 'tab', shift: true }],
-  [Command.UNFOCUS_BACKGROUND_SHELL_LIST]: [{ key: 'tab', shift: false }],
-  [Command.SHOW_BACKGROUND_SHELL_UNFOCUS_WARNING]: [
-    { key: 'tab', shift: false },
-  ],
-  [Command.SHOW_SHELL_INPUT_UNFOCUS_WARNING]: [{ key: 'tab', shift: false }],
+  [Command.UNFOCUS_BACKGROUND_SHELL_LIST]: [{ key: 'tab' }],
+  [Command.SHOW_BACKGROUND_SHELL_UNFOCUS_WARNING]: [{ key: 'tab' }],
+  [Command.SHOW_SHELL_INPUT_UNFOCUS_WARNING]: [{ key: 'tab' }],
   [Command.BACKGROUND_SHELL_SELECT]: [{ key: 'return' }],
   [Command.BACKGROUND_SHELL_ESCAPE]: [{ key: 'escape' }],
   [Command.SHOW_MORE_LINES]: [{ key: 'o', ctrl: true }],
   [Command.EXPAND_PASTE]: [{ key: 'o', ctrl: true }],
-  [Command.FOCUS_SHELL_INPUT]: [{ key: 'tab', shift: false }],
+  [Command.FOCUS_SHELL_INPUT]: [{ key: 'tab' }],
   [Command.UNFOCUS_SHELL_INPUT]: [{ key: 'tab', shift: true }],
   [Command.CLEAR_SCREEN]: [{ key: 'l', ctrl: true }],
-  [Command.RESTART_APP]: [{ key: 'r' }],
+  [Command.RESTART_APP]: [{ key: 'r' }, { key: 'r', shift: true }],
   [Command.SUSPEND_APP]: [{ key: 'z', ctrl: true }],
 };
 

packages/cli/src/config/policy-engine.integration.test.ts

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
  */
 
-import { describe, it, expect, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach, afterEach } from 'vitest';
 import {
   ApprovalMode,
   PolicyDecision,
@@ -29,6 +29,10 @@ vi.mock('@google/gemini-cli-core', async (importOriginal) => {
 });
 
 describe('Policy Engine Integration Tests', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => vi.stubEnv('GEMINI_SYSTEM_MD', ''));
+
+  afterEach(() => vi.unstubAllEnvs());
+
   describe('Policy configuration produces valid PolicyEngine config', () => {
     it('should create a working PolicyEngine from basic settings', async () => {
       const settings: Settings = {
@@ -89,13 +93,13 @@ describe('Policy Engine Integration Tests', () => {
       // Tools from allowed server should be allowed
       // Tools from allowed server should be allowed
       expect(
-        (await engine.check({ name: 'allowed-server__tool1' }, undefined))
+        (await engine.check({ name: 'mcp_allowed-server_tool1' }, undefined))
           .decision,
       ).toBe(PolicyDecision.ALLOW);
       expect(
         (
           await engine.check(
-            { name: 'allowed-server__another_tool' },
+            { name: 'mcp_allowed-server_another_tool' },
             undefined,
           )
         ).decision,
@@ -103,13 +107,13 @@ describe('Policy Engine Integration Tests', () => {
 
       // Tools from trusted server should be allowed
       expect(
-        (await engine.check({ name: 'trusted-server__tool1' }, undefined))
+        (await engine.check({ name: 'mcp_trusted-server_tool1' }, undefined))
           .decision,
       ).toBe(PolicyDecision.ALLOW);
       expect(
         (
           await engine.check(
-            { name: 'trusted-server__special_tool' },
+            { name: 'mcp_trusted-server_special_tool' },
             undefined,
           )
         ).decision,
@@ -117,17 +121,17 @@ describe('Policy Engine Integration Tests', () => {
 
       // Tools from blocked server should be denied
       expect(
-        (await engine.check({ name: 'blocked-server__tool1' }, undefined))
+        (await engine.check({ name: 'mcp_blocked-server_tool1' }, undefined))
           .decision,
       ).toBe(PolicyDecision.DENY);
       expect(
-        (await engine.check({ name: 'blocked-server__any_tool' }, undefined))
+        (await engine.check({ name: 'mcp_blocked-server_any_tool' }, undefined))
           .decision,
       ).toBe(PolicyDecision.DENY);
 
       // Tools from unknown servers should use default
       expect(
-        (await engine.check({ name: 'unknown-server__tool' }, undefined))
+        (await engine.check({ name: 'mcp_unknown-server_tool' }, undefined))
           .decision,
       ).toBe(PolicyDecision.ASK_USER);
     });
@@ -147,12 +151,16 @@ describe('Policy Engine Integration Tests', () => {
 
       // ANY tool with a server name should be allowed
       expect(
-        (await engine.check({ name: 'mcp-server__tool' }, 'mcp-server'))
+        (await engine.check({ name: 'mcp_mcp-server_tool' }, 'mcp-server'))
           .decision,
       ).toBe(PolicyDecision.ALLOW);
       expect(
-        (await engine.check({ name: 'another-server__tool' }, 'another-server'))
-          .decision,
+        (
+          await engine.check(
+            { name: 'mcp_another-server_tool' },
+            'another-server',
+          )
+        ).decision,
       ).toBe(PolicyDecision.ALLOW);
 
       // Built-in tools should NOT be allowed by the MCP wildcard
@@ -167,7 +175,7 @@ describe('Policy Engine Integration Tests', () => {
           allowed: ['my-server'],
         },
         tools: {
-          exclude: ['my-server__dangerous-tool'],
+          exclude: ['mcp_my-server_dangerous-tool'],
         },
       };
 
@@ -180,20 +188,24 @@ describe('Policy Engine Integration Tests', () => {
       // MCP server allowed (priority 4.1) provides general allow for server
       // MCP server allowed (priority 4.1) provides general allow for server
       expect(
-        (await engine.check({ name: 'my-server__safe-tool' }, undefined))
+        (await engine.check({ name: 'mcp_my-server_safe-tool' }, undefined))
           .decision,
       ).toBe(PolicyDecision.ALLOW);
       // But specific tool exclude (priority 4.4) wins over server allow
       expect(
-        (await engine.check({ name: 'my-server__dangerous-tool' }, undefined))
-          .decision,
+        (
+          await engine.check(
+            { name: 'mcp_my-server_dangerous-tool' },
+            undefined,
+          )
+        ).decision,
       ).toBe(PolicyDecision.DENY);
     });
 
     it('should handle complex mixed configurations', async () => {
       const settings: Settings = {
         tools: {
-          allowed: ['custom-tool', 'my-server__special-tool'],
+          allowed: ['custom-tool', 'mcp_my-server_special-tool'],
           exclude: ['glob', 'dangerous-tool'],
         },
         mcp: {
@@ -238,21 +250,21 @@ describe('Policy Engine Integration Tests', () => {
         (await engine.check({ name: 'custom-tool' }, undefined)).decision,
       ).toBe(PolicyDecision.ALLOW);
       expect(
-        (await engine.check({ name: 'my-server__special-tool' }, undefined))
+        (await engine.check({ name: 'mcp_my-server_special-tool' }, undefined))
           .decision,
       ).toBe(PolicyDecision.ALLOW);
 
       // MCP server tools
       expect(
-        (await engine.check({ name: 'allowed-server__tool' }, undefined))
+        (await engine.check({ name: 'mcp_allowed-server_tool' }, undefined))
           .decision,
       ).toBe(PolicyDecision.ALLOW);
       expect(
-        (await engine.check({ name: 'trusted-server__tool' }, undefined))
+        (await engine.check({ name: 'mcp_trusted-server_tool' }, undefined))
           .decision,
       ).toBe(PolicyDecision.ALLOW);
       expect(
-        (await engine.check({ name: 'blocked-server__tool' }, undefined))
+        (await engine.check({ name: 'mcp_blocked-server_tool' }, undefined))
           .decision,
       ).toBe(PolicyDecision.DENY);
 
@@ -479,7 +491,7 @@ describe('Policy Engine Integration Tests', () => {
       expect(blockedToolRule?.priority).toBe(4.4); // Command line exclude
 
       const blockedServerRule = rules.find(
-        (r) => r.toolName === 'blocked-server__*',
+        (r) => r.toolName === 'mcp_blocked-server_*',
       );
       expect(blockedServerRule?.priority).toBe(4.9); // MCP server exclude
 
@@ -489,11 +501,13 @@ describe('Policy Engine Integration Tests', () => {
       expect(specificToolRule?.priority).toBe(4.3); // Command line allow
 
       const trustedServerRule = rules.find(
-        (r) => r.toolName === 'trusted-server__*',
+        (r) => r.toolName === 'mcp_trusted-server_*',
       );
       expect(trustedServerRule?.priority).toBe(4.2); // MCP trusted server
 
-      const mcpServerRule = rules.find((r) => r.toolName === 'mcp-server__*');
+      const mcpServerRule = rules.find(
+        (r) => r.toolName === 'mcp_mcp-server_*',
+      );
       expect(mcpServerRule?.priority).toBe(4.1); // MCP allowed server
 
       const readOnlyToolRule = rules.find((r) => r.toolName === 'glob');
@@ -505,18 +519,19 @@ describe('Policy Engine Integration Tests', () => {
         (await engine.check({ name: 'blocked-tool' }, undefined)).decision,
       ).toBe(PolicyDecision.DENY);
       expect(
-        (await engine.check({ name: 'blocked-server__any' }, undefined))
+        (await engine.check({ name: 'mcp_blocked-server_any' }, undefined))
           .decision,
       ).toBe(PolicyDecision.DENY);
       expect(
         (await engine.check({ name: 'specific-tool' }, undefined)).decision,
       ).toBe(PolicyDecision.ALLOW);
       expect(
-        (await engine.check({ name: 'trusted-server__any' }, undefined))
+        (await engine.check({ name: 'mcp_trusted-server_any' }, undefined))
           .decision,
       ).toBe(PolicyDecision.ALLOW);
       expect(
-        (await engine.check({ name: 'mcp-server__any' }, undefined)).decision,
+        (await engine.check({ name: 'mcp_mcp-server_any' }, undefined))
+          .decision,
       ).toBe(PolicyDecision.ALLOW);
       expect((await engine.check({ name: 'glob' }, undefined)).decision).toBe(
         PolicyDecision.ALLOW,
@@ -545,7 +560,7 @@ describe('Policy Engine Integration Tests', () => {
 
       // Exclusion (195) should win over trust (90)
       expect(
-        (await engine.check({ name: 'conflicted-server__tool' }, undefined))
+        (await engine.check({ name: 'mcp_conflicted-server_tool' }, undefined))
           .decision,
       ).toBe(PolicyDecision.DENY);
     });
@@ -556,7 +571,7 @@ describe('Policy Engine Integration Tests', () => {
           excluded: ['my-server'], // Priority 195 - DENY
         },
         tools: {
-          allowed: ['my-server__special-tool'], // Priority 100 - ALLOW
+          allowed: ['mcp_my-server_special-tool'], // Priority 100 - ALLOW
         },
       };
 
@@ -569,11 +584,11 @@ describe('Policy Engine Integration Tests', () => {
       // Server exclusion (195) wins over specific tool allow (100)
       // This might be counterintuitive but follows the priority system
       expect(
-        (await engine.check({ name: 'my-server__special-tool' }, undefined))
+        (await engine.check({ name: 'mcp_my-server_special-tool' }, undefined))
           .decision,
       ).toBe(PolicyDecision.DENY);
       expect(
-        (await engine.check({ name: 'my-server__other-tool' }, undefined))
+        (await engine.check({ name: 'mcp_my-server_other-tool' }, undefined))
           .decision,
       ).toBe(PolicyDecision.DENY);
     });
@@ -643,13 +658,13 @@ describe('Policy Engine Integration Tests', () => {
       const tool3Rule = rules.find((r) => r.toolName === 'tool3');
       expect(tool3Rule?.priority).toBe(4.4); // Excluded tools (user tier)
 
-      const server2Rule = rules.find((r) => r.toolName === 'server2__*');
+      const server2Rule = rules.find((r) => r.toolName === 'mcp_server2_*');
       expect(server2Rule?.priority).toBe(4.9); // Excluded servers (user tier)
 
       const tool1Rule = rules.find((r) => r.toolName === 'tool1');
       expect(tool1Rule?.priority).toBe(4.3); // Allowed tools (user tier)
 
-      const server1Rule = rules.find((r) => r.toolName === 'server1__*');
+      const server1Rule = rules.find((r) => r.toolName === 'mcp_server1_*');
       expect(server1Rule?.priority).toBe(4.1); // Allowed servers (user tier)
 
       const globRule = rules.find((r) => r.toolName === 'glob');

packages/cli/src/config/policy.test.ts

@@ -183,7 +183,6 @@ describe('resolveWorkspacePolicyState', () => {
       setAutoAcceptWorkspacePolicies(originalValue);
     }
   });
-
   it('should not return workspace policies if cwd is the home directory', async () => {
     const policiesDir = path.join(tempDir, '.gemini', 'policies');
     fs.mkdirSync(policiesDir, { recursive: true });

packages/cli/src/config/sandboxConfig.test.ts

@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ describe('loadSandboxConfig', () => {
     it('should throw if GEMINI_SANDBOX is an invalid command', async () => {
       process.env['GEMINI_SANDBOX'] = 'invalid-command';
       await expect(loadSandboxConfig({}, {})).rejects.toThrow(
-        "Invalid sandbox command 'invalid-command'. Must be one of docker, podman, sandbox-exec, lxc",
+        "Invalid sandbox command 'invalid-command'. Must be one of docker, podman, sandbox-exec, runsc, lxc",
       );
     });
 
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ describe('loadSandboxConfig', () => {
       await expect(
         loadSandboxConfig({}, { sandbox: 'invalid-command' }),
       ).rejects.toThrow(
-        "Invalid sandbox command 'invalid-command'. Must be one of docker, podman, sandbox-exec",
+        "Invalid sandbox command 'invalid-command'. Must be one of docker, podman, sandbox-exec, runsc, lxc",
       );
     });
   });
@@ -247,4 +247,92 @@ describe('loadSandboxConfig', () => {
       },
     );
   });
+
+  describe('with sandbox: runsc (gVisor)', () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      mockedOsPlatform.mockReturnValue('linux');
+      mockedCommandExistsSync.mockReturnValue(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should use runsc via CLI argument on Linux', async () => {
+      const config = await loadSandboxConfig({}, { sandbox: 'runsc' });
+
+      expect(config).toEqual({ command: 'runsc', image: 'default/image' });
+      expect(mockedCommandExistsSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith('runsc');
+      expect(mockedCommandExistsSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith('docker');
+    });
+
+    it('should use runsc via GEMINI_SANDBOX environment variable', async () => {
+      process.env['GEMINI_SANDBOX'] = 'runsc';
+      const config = await loadSandboxConfig({}, {});
+
+      expect(config).toEqual({ command: 'runsc', image: 'default/image' });
+      expect(mockedCommandExistsSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith('runsc');
+      expect(mockedCommandExistsSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith('docker');
+    });
+
+    it('should use runsc via settings file', async () => {
+      const config = await loadSandboxConfig(
+        { tools: { sandbox: 'runsc' } },
+        {},
+      );
+
+      expect(config).toEqual({ command: 'runsc', image: 'default/image' });
+      expect(mockedCommandExistsSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith('runsc');
+      expect(mockedCommandExistsSync).toHaveBeenCalledWith('docker');
+    });
+
+    it('should prioritize GEMINI_SANDBOX over CLI and settings', async () => {
+      process.env['GEMINI_SANDBOX'] = 'runsc';
+      const config = await loadSandboxConfig(
+        { tools: { sandbox: 'docker' } },
+        { sandbox: 'podman' },
+      );
+
+      expect(config).toEqual({ command: 'runsc', image: 'default/image' });
+    });
+
+    it('should reject runsc on macOS (Linux-only)', async () => {
+      mockedOsPlatform.mockReturnValue('darwin');
+
+      await expect(loadSandboxConfig({}, { sandbox: 'runsc' })).rejects.toThrow(
+        'gVisor (runsc) sandboxing is only supported on Linux',
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should reject runsc on Windows (Linux-only)', async () => {
+      mockedOsPlatform.mockReturnValue('win32');
+
+      await expect(loadSandboxConfig({}, { sandbox: 'runsc' })).rejects.toThrow(
+        'gVisor (runsc) sandboxing is only supported on Linux',
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should throw if runsc binary not found', async () => {
+      mockedCommandExistsSync.mockReturnValue(false);
+
+      await expect(loadSandboxConfig({}, { sandbox: 'runsc' })).rejects.toThrow(
+        "Missing sandbox command 'runsc' (from GEMINI_SANDBOX)",
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should throw if Docker not available (runsc requires Docker)', async () => {
+      mockedCommandExistsSync.mockImplementation((cmd) => cmd === 'runsc');
+
+      await expect(loadSandboxConfig({}, { sandbox: 'runsc' })).rejects.toThrow(
+        "runsc (gVisor) requires Docker. Install Docker, or use sandbox: 'docker'.",
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should NOT auto-detect runsc when both runsc and docker available', async () => {
+      mockedCommandExistsSync.mockImplementation(
+        (cmd) => cmd === 'runsc' || cmd === 'docker',
+      );
+
+      const config = await loadSandboxConfig({}, { sandbox: true });
+
+      expect(config?.command).toBe('docker');
+      expect(config?.command).not.toBe('runsc');
+    });
+  });
 });

packages/cli/src/config/sandboxConfig.ts

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ const VALID_SANDBOX_COMMANDS: ReadonlyArray<SandboxConfig['command']> = [
   'docker',
   'podman',
   'sandbox-exec',
+  'runsc',
   'lxc',
 ];
 
@@ -64,17 +65,30 @@ function getSandboxCommand(
         )}`,
       );
     }
-    // confirm that specified command exists
-    if (commandExists.sync(sandbox)) {
-      return sandbox;
+    // runsc (gVisor) is only supported on Linux
+    if (sandbox === 'runsc' && os.platform() !== 'linux') {
+      throw new FatalSandboxError(
+        'gVisor (runsc) sandboxing is only supported on Linux',
+      );
     }
-    throw new FatalSandboxError(
-      `Missing sandbox command '${sandbox}' (from GEMINI_SANDBOX)`,
-    );
+    // confirm that specified command exists
+    if (!commandExists.sync(sandbox)) {
+      throw new FatalSandboxError(
+        `Missing sandbox command '${sandbox}' (from GEMINI_SANDBOX)`,
+      );
+    }
+    // runsc uses Docker with --runtime=runsc; both must be available (prioritize runsc when explicitly chosen)
+    if (sandbox === 'runsc' && !commandExists.sync('docker')) {
+      throw new FatalSandboxError(
+        "runsc (gVisor) requires Docker. Install Docker, or use sandbox: 'docker'.",
+      );
+    }
+    return sandbox;
   }
 
   // look for seatbelt, docker, or podman, in that order
   // for container-based sandboxing, require sandbox to be enabled explicitly
+  // note: runsc is NOT auto-detected, it must be explicitly specified
   if (os.platform() === 'darwin' && commandExists.sync('sandbox-exec')) {
     return 'sandbox-exec';
   } else if (commandExists.sync('docker') && sandbox === true) {

packages/cli/src/config/settings.ts

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ import {
   type AdminControlsSettings,
 } from '@google/gemini-cli-core';
 import stripJsonComments from 'strip-json-comments';
-import { DefaultLight } from '../ui/themes/default-light.js';
-import { DefaultDark } from '../ui/themes/default.js';
+import { DefaultLight } from '../ui/themes/builtin/light/default-light.js';
+import { DefaultDark } from '../ui/themes/builtin/dark/default-dark.js';
 import { isWorkspaceTrusted } from './trustedFolders.js';
 import {
   type Settings,

packages/cli/src/config/settingsSchema.test.ts

@@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ describe('SettingsSchema', () => {
       expect(gemmaModelRouter.category).toBe('Experimental');
       expect(gemmaModelRouter.default).toEqual({});
       expect(gemmaModelRouter.requiresRestart).toBe(true);
-      expect(gemmaModelRouter.showInDialog).toBe(true);
+      expect(gemmaModelRouter.showInDialog).toBe(false);
       expect(gemmaModelRouter.description).toBe(
         'Enable Gemma model router (experimental).',
       );
@@ -472,9 +472,9 @@ describe('SettingsSchema', () => {
       expect(enabled.category).toBe('Experimental');
       expect(enabled.default).toBe(false);
       expect(enabled.requiresRestart).toBe(true);
-      expect(enabled.showInDialog).toBe(true);
+      expect(enabled.showInDialog).toBe(false);
       expect(enabled.description).toBe(
-        'Enable the Gemma Model Router. Requires a local endpoint serving Gemma via the Gemini API using LiteRT-LM shim.',
+        'Enable the Gemma Model Router (experimental). Requires a local endpoint serving Gemma via the Gemini API using LiteRT-LM shim.',
       );
 
       const classifier = gemmaModelRouter.properties.classifier;

packages/cli/src/config/settingsSchema.ts

@@ -1169,7 +1169,7 @@ const SETTINGS_SCHEMA = {
         requiresRestart: false,
         default: false,
         description: oneLine`
-          Controls how /memory refresh loads GEMINI.md files.
+          Controls how /memory reload loads GEMINI.md files.
           When true, include directories are scanned; when false, only the current directory is used.
         `,
         showInDialog: true,
@@ -1863,7 +1863,7 @@ const SETTINGS_SCHEMA = {
         requiresRestart: true,
         default: {},
         description: 'Enable Gemma model router (experimental).',
-        showInDialog: true,
+        showInDialog: false,
         properties: {
           enabled: {
             type: 'boolean',
@@ -1872,8 +1872,8 @@ const SETTINGS_SCHEMA = {
             requiresRestart: true,
             default: false,
             description:
-              'Enable the Gemma Model Router. Requires a local endpoint serving Gemma via the Gemini API using LiteRT-LM shim.',
-            showInDialog: true,
+              'Enable the Gemma Model Router (experimental). Requires a local endpoint serving Gemma via the Gemini API using LiteRT-LM shim.',
+            showInDialog: false,
           },
           classifier: {
             type: 'object',

packages/cli/src/gemini.test.tsx

@@ -747,6 +747,60 @@ describe('gemini.tsx main function kitty protocol', () => {
     emitFeedbackSpy.mockRestore();
   });
 
+  it('should start normally with a warning when no sessions found for resume', async () => {
+    const { SessionSelector, SessionError } = await import(
+      './utils/sessionUtils.js'
+    );
+    vi.mocked(SessionSelector).mockImplementation(
+      () =>
+        ({
+          resolveSession: vi
+            .fn()
+            .mockRejectedValue(SessionError.noSessionsFound()),
+        }) as unknown as InstanceType<typeof SessionSelector>,
+    );
+
+    const processExitSpy = vi
+      .spyOn(process, 'exit')
+      .mockImplementation((code) => {
+        throw new MockProcessExitError(code);
+      });
+    const emitFeedbackSpy = vi.spyOn(coreEvents, 'emitFeedback');
+
+    vi.mocked(loadSettings).mockReturnValue(
+      createMockSettings({
+        merged: { advanced: {}, security: { auth: {} }, ui: { theme: 'test' } },
+        workspace: { settings: {} },
+        setValue: vi.fn(),
+        forScope: () => ({ settings: {}, originalSettings: {}, path: '' }),
+      }),
+    );
+
+    vi.mocked(parseArguments).mockResolvedValue({
+      promptInteractive: false,
+      resume: 'latest',
+    } as unknown as CliArgs);
+    vi.mocked(loadCliConfig).mockResolvedValue(
+      createMockConfig({
+        isInteractive: () => true,
+        getQuestion: () => '',
+        getSandbox: () => undefined,
+      }),
+    );
+
+    await main();
+
+    // Should NOT have crashed
+    expect(processExitSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    // Should NOT have emitted a feedback error
+    expect(emitFeedbackSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'error',
+      expect.stringContaining('Error resuming session'),
+    );
+    processExitSpy.mockRestore();
+    emitFeedbackSpy.mockRestore();
+  });
+
   it.skip('should log error when cleanupExpiredSessions fails', async () => {
     const { cleanupExpiredSessions } = await import(
       './utils/sessionCleanup.js'
@@ -959,13 +1013,18 @@ describe('gemini.tsx main function exit codes', () => {
       resume: 'invalid-session',
     } as unknown as CliArgs);
 
-    vi.mock('./utils/sessionUtils.js', () => ({
-      SessionSelector: vi.fn().mockImplementation(() => ({
-        resolveSession: vi
-          .fn()
-          .mockRejectedValue(new Error('Session not found')),
-      })),
-    }));
+    vi.mock('./utils/sessionUtils.js', async (importOriginal) => {
+      const original =
+        await importOriginal<typeof import('./utils/sessionUtils.js')>();
+      return {
+        ...original,
+        SessionSelector: vi.fn().mockImplementation(() => ({
+          resolveSession: vi
+            .fn()
+            .mockRejectedValue(new Error('Session not found')),
+        })),
+      };
+    });
 
     process.env['GEMINI_API_KEY'] = 'test-key';
     try {

packages/cli/src/gemini.tsx

@@ -79,12 +79,12 @@ import {
   type InitializationResult,
 } from './core/initializer.js';
 import { validateAuthMethod } from './config/auth.js';
-import { runZedIntegration } from './zed-integration/zedIntegration.js';
+import { runAcpClient } from './acp/acpClient.js';
 import { validateNonInteractiveAuth } from './validateNonInterActiveAuth.js';
 import { checkForUpdates } from './ui/utils/updateCheck.js';
 import { handleAutoUpdate } from './utils/handleAutoUpdate.js';
 import { appEvents, AppEvent } from './utils/events.js';
-import { SessionSelector } from './utils/sessionUtils.js';
+import { SessionError, SessionSelector } from './utils/sessionUtils.js';
 import { SettingsContext } from './ui/contexts/SettingsContext.js';
 import { MouseProvider } from './ui/contexts/MouseContext.js';
 import { StreamingState } from './ui/types.js';
@@ -672,8 +672,8 @@ export async function main() {
       await getOauthClient(settings.merged.security.auth.selectedType, config);
     }
 
-    if (config.getExperimentalZedIntegration()) {
-      return runZedIntegration(config, settings, argv);
+    if (config.getAcpMode()) {
+      return runAcpClient(config, settings, argv);
     }
 
     let input = config.getQuestion();
@@ -706,12 +706,24 @@ export async function main() {
         // Use the existing session ID to continue recording to the same session
         config.setSessionId(resumedSessionData.conversation.sessionId);
       } catch (error) {
-        coreEvents.emitFeedback(
-          'error',
-          `Error resuming session: ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error'}`,
-        );
-        await runExitCleanup();
-        process.exit(ExitCodes.FATAL_INPUT_ERROR);
+        if (
+          error instanceof SessionError &&
+          error.code === 'NO_SESSIONS_FOUND'
+        ) {
+          // No sessions to resume — start a fresh session with a warning
+          startupWarnings.push({
+            id: 'resume-no-sessions',
+            message: error.message,
+            priority: WarningPriority.High,
+          });
+        } else {
+          coreEvents.emitFeedback(
+            'error',
+            `Error resuming session: ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error'}`,
+          );
+          await runExitCleanup();
+          process.exit(ExitCodes.FATAL_INPUT_ERROR);
+        }
       }
     }
 

packages/cli/src/gemini_cleanup.test.tsx

@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ describe('gemini.tsx main function cleanup', () => {
     vi.restoreAllMocks();
   });
 
-  it('should log error when cleanupExpiredSessions fails', async () => {
+  it.skip('should log error when cleanupExpiredSessions fails', async () => {
     const { loadCliConfig, parseArguments } = await import(
       './config/config.js'
     );
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ describe('gemini.tsx main function cleanup', () => {
       getMcpServers: () => ({}),
       getMcpClientManager: vi.fn(),
       getIdeMode: vi.fn(() => false),
-      getExperimentalZedIntegration: vi.fn(() => true),
+      getAcpMode: vi.fn(() => true),
       getScreenReader: vi.fn(() => false),
       getGeminiMdFileCount: vi.fn(() => 0),
       getProjectRoot: vi.fn(() => '/'),

packages/cli/src/services/CommandService.test.ts

@@ -17,21 +17,9 @@ const createMockCommand = (name: string, kind: CommandKind): SlashCommand => ({
   action: vi.fn(),
 });
 
-const mockCommandA = createMockCommand('command-a', CommandKind.BUILT_IN);
-const mockCommandB = createMockCommand('command-b', CommandKind.BUILT_IN);
-const mockCommandC = createMockCommand('command-c', CommandKind.FILE);
-const mockCommandB_Override = createMockCommand('command-b', CommandKind.FILE);
-
 class MockCommandLoader implements ICommandLoader {
-  private commandsToLoad: SlashCommand[];
-
-  constructor(commandsToLoad: SlashCommand[]) {
-    this.commandsToLoad = commandsToLoad;
-  }
-
-  loadCommands = vi.fn(
-    async (): Promise<SlashCommand[]> => Promise.resolve(this.commandsToLoad),
-  );
+  constructor(private readonly commands: SlashCommand[]) {}
+  loadCommands = vi.fn(async () => Promise.resolve(this.commands));
 }
 
 describe('CommandService', () => {
@@ -43,424 +31,74 @@ describe('CommandService', () => {
     vi.restoreAllMocks();
   });
 
-  it('should load commands from a single loader', async () => {
-    const mockLoader = new MockCommandLoader([mockCommandA, mockCommandB]);
-    const service = await CommandService.create(
-      [mockLoader],
-      new AbortController().signal,
-    );
+  describe('basic loading', () => {
+    it('should aggregate commands from multiple successful loaders', async () => {
+      const cmdA = createMockCommand('a', CommandKind.BUILT_IN);
+      const cmdB = createMockCommand('b', CommandKind.USER_FILE);
+      const service = await CommandService.create(
+        [new MockCommandLoader([cmdA]), new MockCommandLoader([cmdB])],
+        new AbortController().signal,
+      );
 
-    const commands = service.getCommands();
+      expect(service.getCommands()).toHaveLength(2);
+      expect(service.getCommands()).toEqual(
+        expect.arrayContaining([cmdA, cmdB]),
+      );
+    });
 
-    expect(mockLoader.loadCommands).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-    expect(commands).toHaveLength(2);
-    expect(commands).toEqual(
-      expect.arrayContaining([mockCommandA, mockCommandB]),
-    );
-  });
+    it('should handle empty loaders and failed loaders gracefully', async () => {
+      const cmdA = createMockCommand('a', CommandKind.BUILT_IN);
+      const failingLoader = new MockCommandLoader([]);
+      vi.spyOn(failingLoader, 'loadCommands').mockRejectedValue(
+        new Error('fail'),
+      );
 
-  it('should aggregate commands from multiple loaders', async () => {
-    const loader1 = new MockCommandLoader([mockCommandA]);
-    const loader2 = new MockCommandLoader([mockCommandC]);
-    const service = await CommandService.create(
-      [loader1, loader2],
-      new AbortController().signal,
-    );
+      const service = await CommandService.create(
+        [
+          new MockCommandLoader([cmdA]),
+          new MockCommandLoader([]),
+          failingLoader,
+        ],
+        new AbortController().signal,
+      );
 
-    const commands = service.getCommands();
+      expect(service.getCommands()).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(service.getCommands()[0].name).toBe('a');
+      expect(debugLogger.debug).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        'A command loader failed:',
+        expect.any(Error),
+      );
+    });
 
-    expect(loader1.loadCommands).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-    expect(loader2.loadCommands).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-    expect(commands).toHaveLength(2);
-    expect(commands).toEqual(
-      expect.arrayContaining([mockCommandA, mockCommandC]),
-    );
-  });
+    it('should return a readonly array of commands', async () => {
+      const service = await CommandService.create(
+        [new MockCommandLoader([createMockCommand('a', CommandKind.BUILT_IN)])],
+        new AbortController().signal,
+      );
+      expect(() => (service.getCommands() as unknown[]).push({})).toThrow();
+    });
 
-  it('should override commands from earlier loaders with those from later loaders', async () => {
-    const loader1 = new MockCommandLoader([mockCommandA, mockCommandB]);
-    const loader2 = new MockCommandLoader([
-      mockCommandB_Override,
-      mockCommandC,
-    ]);
-    const service = await CommandService.create(
-      [loader1, loader2],
-      new AbortController().signal,
-    );
-
-    const commands = service.getCommands();
-
-    expect(commands).toHaveLength(3); // Should be A, C, and the overridden B.
-
-    // The final list should contain the override from the *last* loader.
-    const commandB = commands.find((cmd) => cmd.name === 'command-b');
-    expect(commandB).toBeDefined();
-    expect(commandB?.kind).toBe(CommandKind.FILE); // Verify it's the overridden version.
-    expect(commandB).toEqual(mockCommandB_Override);
-
-    // Ensure the other commands are still present.
-    expect(commands).toEqual(
-      expect.arrayContaining([
-        mockCommandA,
-        mockCommandC,
-        mockCommandB_Override,
-      ]),
-    );
-  });
-
-  it('should handle loaders that return an empty array of commands gracefully', async () => {
-    const loader1 = new MockCommandLoader([mockCommandA]);
-    const emptyLoader = new MockCommandLoader([]);
-    const loader3 = new MockCommandLoader([mockCommandB]);
-    const service = await CommandService.create(
-      [loader1, emptyLoader, loader3],
-      new AbortController().signal,
-    );
-
-    const commands = service.getCommands();
-
-    expect(emptyLoader.loadCommands).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-    expect(commands).toHaveLength(2);
-    expect(commands).toEqual(
-      expect.arrayContaining([mockCommandA, mockCommandB]),
-    );
-  });
-
-  it('should load commands from successful loaders even if one fails', async () => {
-    const successfulLoader = new MockCommandLoader([mockCommandA]);
-    const failingLoader = new MockCommandLoader([]);
-    const error = new Error('Loader failed');
-    vi.spyOn(failingLoader, 'loadCommands').mockRejectedValue(error);
-
-    const service = await CommandService.create(
-      [successfulLoader, failingLoader],
-      new AbortController().signal,
-    );
-
-    const commands = service.getCommands();
-    expect(commands).toHaveLength(1);
-    expect(commands).toEqual([mockCommandA]);
-    expect(debugLogger.debug).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-      'A command loader failed:',
-      error,
-    );
-  });
-
-  it('getCommands should return a readonly array that cannot be mutated', async () => {
-    const service = await CommandService.create(
-      [new MockCommandLoader([mockCommandA])],
-      new AbortController().signal,
-    );
-
-    const commands = service.getCommands();
-
-    // Expect it to throw a TypeError at runtime because the array is frozen.
-    expect(() => {
-      // @ts-expect-error - Testing immutability is intentional here.
-      commands.push(mockCommandB);
-    }).toThrow();
-
-    // Verify the original array was not mutated.
-    expect(service.getCommands()).toHaveLength(1);
-  });
-
-  it('should pass the abort signal to all loaders', async () => {
-    const controller = new AbortController();
-    const signal = controller.signal;
-
-    const loader1 = new MockCommandLoader([mockCommandA]);
-    const loader2 = new MockCommandLoader([mockCommandB]);
-
-    await CommandService.create([loader1, loader2], signal);
-
-    expect(loader1.loadCommands).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-    expect(loader1.loadCommands).toHaveBeenCalledWith(signal);
-    expect(loader2.loadCommands).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-    expect(loader2.loadCommands).toHaveBeenCalledWith(signal);
-  });
-
-  it('should rename extension commands when they conflict', async () => {
-    const builtinCommand = createMockCommand('deploy', CommandKind.BUILT_IN);
-    const userCommand = createMockCommand('sync', CommandKind.FILE);
-    const extensionCommand1 = {
-      ...createMockCommand('deploy', CommandKind.FILE),
-      extensionName: 'firebase',
-      description: '[firebase] Deploy to Firebase',
-    };
-    const extensionCommand2 = {
-      ...createMockCommand('sync', CommandKind.FILE),
-      extensionName: 'git-helper',
-      description: '[git-helper] Sync with remote',
-    };
-
-    const mockLoader1 = new MockCommandLoader([builtinCommand]);
-    const mockLoader2 = new MockCommandLoader([
-      userCommand,
-      extensionCommand1,
-      extensionCommand2,
-    ]);
-
-    const service = await CommandService.create(
-      [mockLoader1, mockLoader2],
-      new AbortController().signal,
-    );
-
-    const commands = service.getCommands();
-    expect(commands).toHaveLength(4);
-
-    // Built-in command keeps original name
-    const deployBuiltin = commands.find(
-      (cmd) => cmd.name === 'deploy' && !cmd.extensionName,
-    );
-    expect(deployBuiltin).toBeDefined();
-    expect(deployBuiltin?.kind).toBe(CommandKind.BUILT_IN);
-
-    // Extension command conflicting with built-in gets renamed
-    const deployExtension = commands.find(
-      (cmd) => cmd.name === 'firebase.deploy',
-    );
-    expect(deployExtension).toBeDefined();
-    expect(deployExtension?.extensionName).toBe('firebase');
-
-    // User command keeps original name
-    const syncUser = commands.find(
-      (cmd) => cmd.name === 'sync' && !cmd.extensionName,
-    );
-    expect(syncUser).toBeDefined();
-    expect(syncUser?.kind).toBe(CommandKind.FILE);
-
-    // Extension command conflicting with user command gets renamed
-    const syncExtension = commands.find(
-      (cmd) => cmd.name === 'git-helper.sync',
-    );
-    expect(syncExtension).toBeDefined();
-    expect(syncExtension?.extensionName).toBe('git-helper');
-  });
-
-  it('should handle user/project command override correctly', async () => {
-    const builtinCommand = createMockCommand('help', CommandKind.BUILT_IN);
-    const userCommand = createMockCommand('help', CommandKind.FILE);
-    const projectCommand = createMockCommand('deploy', CommandKind.FILE);
-    const userDeployCommand = createMockCommand('deploy', CommandKind.FILE);
-
-    const mockLoader1 = new MockCommandLoader([builtinCommand]);
-    const mockLoader2 = new MockCommandLoader([
-      userCommand,
-      userDeployCommand,
-      projectCommand,
-    ]);
-
-    const service = await CommandService.create(
-      [mockLoader1, mockLoader2],
-      new AbortController().signal,
-    );
-
-    const commands = service.getCommands();
-    expect(commands).toHaveLength(2);
-
-    // User command overrides built-in
-    const helpCommand = commands.find((cmd) => cmd.name === 'help');
-    expect(helpCommand).toBeDefined();
-    expect(helpCommand?.kind).toBe(CommandKind.FILE);
-
-    // Project command overrides user command (last wins)
-    const deployCommand = commands.find((cmd) => cmd.name === 'deploy');
-    expect(deployCommand).toBeDefined();
-    expect(deployCommand?.kind).toBe(CommandKind.FILE);
-  });
-
-  it('should handle secondary conflicts when renaming extension commands', async () => {
-    // User has both /deploy and /gcp.deploy commands
-    const userCommand1 = createMockCommand('deploy', CommandKind.FILE);
-    const userCommand2 = createMockCommand('gcp.deploy', CommandKind.FILE);
-
-    // Extension also has a deploy command that will conflict with user's /deploy
-    const extensionCommand = {
-      ...createMockCommand('deploy', CommandKind.FILE),
-      extensionName: 'gcp',
-      description: '[gcp] Deploy to Google Cloud',
-    };
-
-    const mockLoader = new MockCommandLoader([
-      userCommand1,
-      userCommand2,
-      extensionCommand,
-    ]);
-
-    const service = await CommandService.create(
-      [mockLoader],
-      new AbortController().signal,
-    );
-
-    const commands = service.getCommands();
-    expect(commands).toHaveLength(3);
-
-    // Original user command keeps its name
-    const deployUser = commands.find(
-      (cmd) => cmd.name === 'deploy' && !cmd.extensionName,
-    );
-    expect(deployUser).toBeDefined();
-
-    // User's dot notation command keeps its name
-    const gcpDeployUser = commands.find(
-      (cmd) => cmd.name === 'gcp.deploy' && !cmd.extensionName,
-    );
-    expect(gcpDeployUser).toBeDefined();
-
-    // Extension command gets renamed with suffix due to secondary conflict
-    const deployExtension = commands.find(
-      (cmd) => cmd.name === 'gcp.deploy1' && cmd.extensionName === 'gcp',
-    );
-    expect(deployExtension).toBeDefined();
-    expect(deployExtension?.description).toBe('[gcp] Deploy to Google Cloud');
-  });
-
-  it('should handle multiple secondary conflicts with incrementing suffixes', async () => {
-    // User has /deploy, /gcp.deploy, and /gcp.deploy1
-    const userCommand1 = createMockCommand('deploy', CommandKind.FILE);
-    const userCommand2 = createMockCommand('gcp.deploy', CommandKind.FILE);
-    const userCommand3 = createMockCommand('gcp.deploy1', CommandKind.FILE);
-
-    // Extension has a deploy command
-    const extensionCommand = {
-      ...createMockCommand('deploy', CommandKind.FILE),
-      extensionName: 'gcp',
-      description: '[gcp] Deploy to Google Cloud',
-    };
-
-    const mockLoader = new MockCommandLoader([
-      userCommand1,
-      userCommand2,
-      userCommand3,
-      extensionCommand,
-    ]);
-
-    const service = await CommandService.create(
-      [mockLoader],
-      new AbortController().signal,
-    );
-
-    const commands = service.getCommands();
-    expect(commands).toHaveLength(4);
-
-    // Extension command gets renamed with suffix 2 due to multiple conflicts
-    const deployExtension = commands.find(
-      (cmd) => cmd.name === 'gcp.deploy2' && cmd.extensionName === 'gcp',
-    );
-    expect(deployExtension).toBeDefined();
-    expect(deployExtension?.description).toBe('[gcp] Deploy to Google Cloud');
-  });
-
-  it('should report conflicts via getConflicts', async () => {
-    const builtinCommand = createMockCommand('deploy', CommandKind.BUILT_IN);
-    const extensionCommand = {
-      ...createMockCommand('deploy', CommandKind.FILE),
-      extensionName: 'firebase',
-    };
-
-    const mockLoader = new MockCommandLoader([
-      builtinCommand,
-      extensionCommand,
-    ]);
-
-    const service = await CommandService.create(
-      [mockLoader],
-      new AbortController().signal,
-    );
-
-    const conflicts = service.getConflicts();
-    expect(conflicts).toHaveLength(1);
-
-    expect(conflicts[0]).toMatchObject({
-      name: 'deploy',
-      winner: builtinCommand,
-      losers: [
-        {
-          renamedTo: 'firebase.deploy',
-          command: expect.objectContaining({
-            name: 'deploy',
-            extensionName: 'firebase',
-          }),
-        },
-      ],
+    it('should pass the abort signal to all loaders', async () => {
+      const controller = new AbortController();
+      const loader = new MockCommandLoader([]);
+      await CommandService.create([loader], controller.signal);
+      expect(loader.loadCommands).toHaveBeenCalledWith(controller.signal);
     });
   });
 
-  it('should report extension vs extension conflicts correctly', async () => {
-    // Both extensions try to register 'deploy'
-    const extension1Command = {
-      ...createMockCommand('deploy', CommandKind.FILE),
-      extensionName: 'firebase',
-    };
-    const extension2Command = {
-      ...createMockCommand('deploy', CommandKind.FILE),
-      extensionName: 'aws',
-    };
+  describe('conflict delegation', () => {
+    it('should delegate conflict resolution to SlashCommandResolver', async () => {
+      const builtin = createMockCommand('help', CommandKind.BUILT_IN);
+      const user = createMockCommand('help', CommandKind.USER_FILE);
 
-    const mockLoader = new MockCommandLoader([
-      extension1Command,
-      extension2Command,
-    ]);
+      const service = await CommandService.create(
+        [new MockCommandLoader([builtin, user])],
+        new AbortController().signal,
+      );
 
-    const service = await CommandService.create(
-      [mockLoader],
-      new AbortController().signal,
-    );
-
-    const conflicts = service.getConflicts();
-    expect(conflicts).toHaveLength(1);
-
-    expect(conflicts[0]).toMatchObject({
-      name: 'deploy',
-      winner: expect.objectContaining({
-        name: 'deploy',
-        extensionName: 'firebase',
-      }),
-      losers: [
-        {
-          renamedTo: 'aws.deploy', // ext2 is 'aws' and it lost because it was second in the list
-          command: expect.objectContaining({
-            name: 'deploy',
-            extensionName: 'aws',
-          }),
-        },
-      ],
+      expect(service.getCommands().map((c) => c.name)).toContain('help');
+      expect(service.getCommands().map((c) => c.name)).toContain('user.help');
+      expect(service.getConflicts()).toHaveLength(1);
     });
   });
-
-  it('should report multiple conflicts for the same command name', async () => {
-    const builtinCommand = createMockCommand('deploy', CommandKind.BUILT_IN);
-    const ext1 = {
-      ...createMockCommand('deploy', CommandKind.FILE),
-      extensionName: 'ext1',
-    };
-    const ext2 = {
-      ...createMockCommand('deploy', CommandKind.FILE),
-      extensionName: 'ext2',
-    };
-
-    const mockLoader = new MockCommandLoader([builtinCommand, ext1, ext2]);
-
-    const service = await CommandService.create(
-      [mockLoader],
-      new AbortController().signal,
-    );
-
-    const conflicts = service.getConflicts();
-    expect(conflicts).toHaveLength(1);
-    expect(conflicts[0].name).toBe('deploy');
-    expect(conflicts[0].losers).toHaveLength(2);
-    expect(conflicts[0].losers).toEqual(
-      expect.arrayContaining([
-        expect.objectContaining({
-          renamedTo: 'ext1.deploy',
-          command: expect.objectContaining({ extensionName: 'ext1' }),
-        }),
-        expect.objectContaining({
-          renamedTo: 'ext2.deploy',
-          command: expect.objectContaining({ extensionName: 'ext2' }),
-        }),
-      ]),
-    );
-  });
 });

packages/cli/src/services/CommandService.ts

@@ -6,16 +6,8 @@
 
 import { debugLogger, coreEvents } from '@google/gemini-cli-core';
 import type { SlashCommand } from '../ui/commands/types.js';
-import type { ICommandLoader } from './types.js';
-
-export interface CommandConflict {
-  name: string;
-  winner: SlashCommand;
-  losers: Array<{
-    command: SlashCommand;
-    renamedTo: string;
-  }>;
-}
+import type { ICommandLoader, CommandConflict } from './types.js';
+import { SlashCommandResolver } from './SlashCommandResolver.js';
 
 /**
  * Orchestrates the discovery and loading of all slash commands for the CLI.
@@ -24,9 +16,9 @@ export interface CommandConflict {
  * with an array of `ICommandLoader` instances, each responsible for fetching
  * commands from a specific source (e.g., built-in code, local files).
  *
- * The CommandService is responsible for invoking these loaders, aggregating their
- * results, and resolving any name conflicts. This architecture allows the command
- * system to be extended with new sources without modifying the service itself.
+ * It uses a delegating resolver to reconcile name conflicts, ensuring that
+ * all commands are uniquely addressable via source-specific prefixes while
+ * allowing built-in commands to retain their primary names.
  */
 export class CommandService {
   /**
@@ -42,96 +34,71 @@ export class CommandService {
   /**
    * Asynchronously creates and initializes a new CommandService instance.
    *
-   * This factory method orchestrates the entire command loading process. It
-   * runs all provided loaders in parallel, aggregates their results, handles
-   * name conflicts for extension commands by renaming them, and then returns a
-   * fully constructed `CommandService` instance.
+   * This factory method orchestrates the loading process and delegates
+   * conflict resolution to the SlashCommandResolver.
    *
-   * Conflict resolution:
-   * - Extension commands that conflict with existing commands are renamed to
-   *   `extensionName.commandName`
-   * - Non-extension commands (built-in, user, project) override earlier commands
-   *   with the same name based on loader order
-   *
-   * @param loaders An array of objects that conform to the `ICommandLoader`
-   *   interface. Built-in commands should come first, followed by FileCommandLoader.
-   * @param signal An AbortSignal to cancel the loading process.
-   * @returns A promise that resolves to a new, fully initialized `CommandService` instance.
+   * @param loaders An array of loaders to fetch commands from.
+   * @param signal An AbortSignal to allow cancellation.
+   * @returns A promise that resolves to a fully initialized CommandService.
    */
   static async create(
     loaders: ICommandLoader[],
     signal: AbortSignal,
   ): Promise<CommandService> {
+    const allCommands = await this.loadAllCommands(loaders, signal);
+    const { finalCommands, conflicts } =
+      SlashCommandResolver.resolve(allCommands);
+
+    if (conflicts.length > 0) {
+      this.emitConflictEvents(conflicts);
+    }
+
+    return new CommandService(
+      Object.freeze(finalCommands),
+      Object.freeze(conflicts),
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Invokes all loaders in parallel and flattens the results.
+   */
+  private static async loadAllCommands(
+    loaders: ICommandLoader[],
+    signal: AbortSignal,
+  ): Promise<SlashCommand[]> {
     const results = await Promise.allSettled(
       loaders.map((loader) => loader.loadCommands(signal)),
     );
 
-    const allCommands: SlashCommand[] = [];
+    const commands: SlashCommand[] = [];
     for (const result of results) {
       if (result.status === 'fulfilled') {
-        allCommands.push(...result.value);
+        commands.push(...result.value);
       } else {
         debugLogger.debug('A command loader failed:', result.reason);
       }
     }
+    return commands;
+  }
 
-    const commandMap = new Map<string, SlashCommand>();
-    const conflictsMap = new Map<string, CommandConflict>();
-
-    for (const cmd of allCommands) {
-      let finalName = cmd.name;
-
-      // Extension commands get renamed if they conflict with existing commands
-      if (cmd.extensionName && commandMap.has(cmd.name)) {
-        const winner = commandMap.get(cmd.name)!;
-        let renamedName = `${cmd.extensionName}.${cmd.name}`;
-        let suffix = 1;
-
-        // Keep trying until we find a name that doesn't conflict
-        while (commandMap.has(renamedName)) {
-          renamedName = `${cmd.extensionName}.${cmd.name}${suffix}`;
-          suffix++;
-        }
-
-        finalName = renamedName;
-
-        if (!conflictsMap.has(cmd.name)) {
-          conflictsMap.set(cmd.name, {
-            name: cmd.name,
-            winner,
-            losers: [],
-          });
-        }
-
-        conflictsMap.get(cmd.name)!.losers.push({
-          command: cmd,
-          renamedTo: finalName,
-        });
-      }
-
-      commandMap.set(finalName, {
-        ...cmd,
-        name: finalName,
-      });
-    }
-
-    const conflicts = Array.from(conflictsMap.values());
-    if (conflicts.length > 0) {
-      coreEvents.emitSlashCommandConflicts(
-        conflicts.flatMap((c) =>
-          c.losers.map((l) => ({
-            name: c.name,
-            renamedTo: l.renamedTo,
-            loserExtensionName: l.command.extensionName,
-            winnerExtensionName: c.winner.extensionName,
-          })),
-        ),
-      );
-    }
-
-    const finalCommands = Object.freeze(Array.from(commandMap.values()));
-    const finalConflicts = Object.freeze(conflicts);
-    return new CommandService(finalCommands, finalConflicts);
+  /**
+   * Formats and emits telemetry for command conflicts.
+   */
+  private static emitConflictEvents(conflicts: CommandConflict[]): void {
+    coreEvents.emitSlashCommandConflicts(
+      conflicts.flatMap((c) =>
+        c.losers.map((l) => ({
+          name: c.name,
+          renamedTo: l.renamedTo,
+          loserExtensionName: l.command.extensionName,
+          winnerExtensionName: l.reason.extensionName,
+          loserMcpServerName: l.command.mcpServerName,
+          winnerMcpServerName: l.reason.mcpServerName,
+          loserKind: l.command.kind,
+          winnerKind: l.reason.kind,
+        })),
+      ),
+    );
   }
 
   /**

packages/cli/src/services/FileCommandLoader.ts

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ import { sanitizeForDisplay } from '../ui/utils/textUtils.js';
 
 interface CommandDirectory {
   path: string;
+  kind: CommandKind;
   extensionName?: string;
   extensionId?: string;
 }
@@ -111,6 +112,7 @@ export class FileCommandLoader implements ICommandLoader {
           this.parseAndAdaptFile(
             path.join(dirInfo.path, file),
             dirInfo.path,
+            dirInfo.kind,
             dirInfo.extensionName,
             dirInfo.extensionId,
           ),
@@ -151,10 +153,16 @@ export class FileCommandLoader implements ICommandLoader {
     const storage = this.config?.storage ?? new Storage(this.projectRoot);
 
     // 1. User commands
-    dirs.push({ path: Storage.getUserCommandsDir() });
+    dirs.push({
+      path: Storage.getUserCommandsDir(),
+      kind: CommandKind.USER_FILE,
+    });
 
-    // 2. Project commands (override user commands)
-    dirs.push({ path: storage.getProjectCommandsDir() });
+    // 2. Project commands
+    dirs.push({
+      path: storage.getProjectCommandsDir(),
+      kind: CommandKind.WORKSPACE_FILE,
+    });
 
     // 3. Extension commands (processed last to detect all conflicts)
     if (this.config) {
@@ -165,6 +173,7 @@ export class FileCommandLoader implements ICommandLoader {
 
       const extensionCommandDirs = activeExtensions.map((ext) => ({
         path: path.join(ext.path, 'commands'),
+        kind: CommandKind.EXTENSION_FILE,
         extensionName: ext.name,
         extensionId: ext.id,
       }));
@@ -179,12 +188,14 @@ export class FileCommandLoader implements ICommandLoader {
    * Parses a single .toml file and transforms it into a SlashCommand object.
    * @param filePath The absolute path to the .toml file.
    * @param baseDir The root command directory for name calculation.
+   * @param kind The CommandKind.
    * @param extensionName Optional extension name to prefix commands with.
    * @returns A promise resolving to a SlashCommand, or null if the file is invalid.
    */
   private async parseAndAdaptFile(
     filePath: string,
     baseDir: string,
+    kind: CommandKind,
     extensionName?: string,
     extensionId?: string,
   ): Promise<SlashCommand | null> {
@@ -286,7 +297,7 @@ export class FileCommandLoader implements ICommandLoader {
     return {
       name: baseCommandName,
       description,
-      kind: CommandKind.FILE,
+      kind,
       extensionName,
       extensionId,
       action: async (

packages/cli/src/services/McpPromptLoader.ts

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ export class McpPromptLoader implements ICommandLoader {
           name: commandName,
           description: prompt.description || `Invoke prompt ${prompt.name}`,
           kind: CommandKind.MCP_PROMPT,
+          mcpServerName: serverName,
           autoExecute: !prompt.arguments || prompt.arguments.length === 0,
           subCommands: [
             {

packages/cli/src/services/SlashCommandConflictHandler.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2026 Google LLC
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach, afterEach } from 'vitest';
+import { SlashCommandConflictHandler } from './SlashCommandConflictHandler.js';
+import {
+  coreEvents,
+  CoreEvent,
+  type SlashCommandConflictsPayload,
+  type SlashCommandConflict,
+} from '@google/gemini-cli-core';
+import { CommandKind } from '../ui/commands/types.js';
+
+vi.mock('@google/gemini-cli-core', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const actual =
+    await importOriginal<typeof import('@google/gemini-cli-core')>();
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    coreEvents: {
+      on: vi.fn(),
+      off: vi.fn(),
+      emitFeedback: vi.fn(),
+    },
+  };
+});
+
+describe('SlashCommandConflictHandler', () => {
+  let handler: SlashCommandConflictHandler;
+
+  /**
+   * Helper to find and invoke the registered conflict event listener.
+   */
+  const simulateEvent = (conflicts: SlashCommandConflict[]) => {
+    const callback = vi
+      .mocked(coreEvents.on)
+      .mock.calls.find(
+        (call) => call[0] === CoreEvent.SlashCommandConflicts,
+      )![1] as (payload: SlashCommandConflictsPayload) => void;
+    callback({ conflicts });
+  };
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+    handler = new SlashCommandConflictHandler();
+    handler.start();
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    handler.stop();
+    vi.clearAllMocks();
+    vi.useRealTimers();
+  });
+
+  it('should listen for conflict events on start', () => {
+    expect(coreEvents.on).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      CoreEvent.SlashCommandConflicts,
+      expect.any(Function),
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('should display a descriptive message for a single extension conflict', () => {
+    simulateEvent([
+      {
+        name: 'deploy',
+        renamedTo: 'firebase.deploy',
+        loserExtensionName: 'firebase',
+        loserKind: CommandKind.EXTENSION_FILE,
+        winnerKind: CommandKind.BUILT_IN,
+      },
+    ]);
+
+    vi.advanceTimersByTime(600);
+
+    expect(coreEvents.emitFeedback).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'info',
+      "Extension 'firebase' command '/deploy' was renamed to '/firebase.deploy' because it conflicts with built-in command.",
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('should display a descriptive message for a single MCP conflict', () => {
+    simulateEvent([
+      {
+        name: 'pickle',
+        renamedTo: 'test-server.pickle',
+        loserMcpServerName: 'test-server',
+        loserKind: CommandKind.MCP_PROMPT,
+        winnerExtensionName: 'pickle-rick',
+        winnerKind: CommandKind.EXTENSION_FILE,
+      },
+    ]);
+
+    vi.advanceTimersByTime(600);
+
+    expect(coreEvents.emitFeedback).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'info',
+      "MCP server 'test-server' command '/pickle' was renamed to '/test-server.pickle' because it conflicts with extension 'pickle-rick' command.",
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('should group multiple conflicts for the same command name', () => {
+    simulateEvent([
+      {
+        name: 'launch',
+        renamedTo: 'user.launch',
+        loserKind: CommandKind.USER_FILE,
+        winnerKind: CommandKind.WORKSPACE_FILE,
+      },
+      {
+        name: 'launch',
+        renamedTo: 'workspace.launch',
+        loserKind: CommandKind.WORKSPACE_FILE,
+        winnerKind: CommandKind.USER_FILE,
+      },
+    ]);
+
+    vi.advanceTimersByTime(600);
+
+    expect(coreEvents.emitFeedback).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'info',
+      `Conflicts detected for command '/launch':
+- User command '/launch' was renamed to '/user.launch'
+- Workspace command '/launch' was renamed to '/workspace.launch'`,
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('should debounce multiple events within the flush window', () => {
+    simulateEvent([
+      {
+        name: 'a',
+        renamedTo: 'user.a',
+        loserKind: CommandKind.USER_FILE,
+        winnerKind: CommandKind.BUILT_IN,
+      },
+    ]);
+
+    vi.advanceTimersByTime(200);
+
+    simulateEvent([
+      {
+        name: 'b',
+        renamedTo: 'user.b',
+        loserKind: CommandKind.USER_FILE,
+        winnerKind: CommandKind.BUILT_IN,
+      },
+    ]);
+
+    vi.advanceTimersByTime(600);
+
+    // Should emit two feedbacks (one for each unique command name)
+    expect(coreEvents.emitFeedback).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+  });
+
+  it('should deduplicate already notified conflicts', () => {
+    const conflict = {
+      name: 'deploy',
+      renamedTo: 'firebase.deploy',
+      loserExtensionName: 'firebase',
+      loserKind: CommandKind.EXTENSION_FILE,
+      winnerKind: CommandKind.BUILT_IN,
+    };
+
+    simulateEvent([conflict]);
+    vi.advanceTimersByTime(600);
+    expect(coreEvents.emitFeedback).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+
+    vi.mocked(coreEvents.emitFeedback).mockClear();
+
+    simulateEvent([conflict]);
+    vi.advanceTimersByTime(600);
+    expect(coreEvents.emitFeedback).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});

packages/cli/src/services/SlashCommandConflictHandler.ts

@@ -8,10 +8,20 @@ import {
   coreEvents,
   CoreEvent,
   type SlashCommandConflictsPayload,
+  type SlashCommandConflict,
 } from '@google/gemini-cli-core';
+import { CommandKind } from '../ui/commands/types.js';
 
+/**
+ * Handles slash command conflict events and provides user feedback.
+ *
+ * This handler batches multiple conflict events into a single notification
+ * block per command name to avoid UI clutter during startup or incremental loading.
+ */
 export class SlashCommandConflictHandler {
   private notifiedConflicts = new Set<string>();
+  private pendingConflicts: SlashCommandConflict[] = [];
+  private flushTimeout: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
 
   constructor() {
     this.handleConflicts = this.handleConflicts.bind(this);
@@ -23,11 +33,18 @@ export class SlashCommandConflictHandler {
 
   stop() {
     coreEvents.off(CoreEvent.SlashCommandConflicts, this.handleConflicts);
+    if (this.flushTimeout) {
+      clearTimeout(this.flushTimeout);
+      this.flushTimeout = null;
+    }
   }
 
   private handleConflicts(payload: SlashCommandConflictsPayload) {
     const newConflicts = payload.conflicts.filter((c) => {
-      const key = `${c.name}:${c.loserExtensionName}`;
+      // Use a unique key to prevent duplicate notifications for the same conflict
+      const sourceId =
+        c.loserExtensionName || c.loserMcpServerName || c.loserKind;
+      const key = `${c.name}:${sourceId}:${c.renamedTo}`;
       if (this.notifiedConflicts.has(key)) {
         return false;
       }
@@ -36,19 +53,119 @@ export class SlashCommandConflictHandler {
     });
 
     if (newConflicts.length > 0) {
-      const conflictMessages = newConflicts
-        .map((c) => {
-          const winnerSource = c.winnerExtensionName
-            ? `extension '${c.winnerExtensionName}'`
-            : 'an existing command';
-          return `- Command '/${c.name}' from extension '${c.loserExtensionName}' was renamed to '/${c.renamedTo}' because it conflicts with ${winnerSource}.`;
-        })
-        .join('\n');
+      this.pendingConflicts.push(...newConflicts);
+      this.scheduleFlush();
+    }
+  }
 
-      coreEvents.emitFeedback(
-        'info',
-        `Command conflicts detected:\n${conflictMessages}`,
-      );
+  private scheduleFlush() {
+    if (this.flushTimeout) {
+      clearTimeout(this.flushTimeout);
+    }
+    // Use a trailing debounce to capture staggered reloads during startup
+    this.flushTimeout = setTimeout(() => this.flush(), 500);
+  }
+
+  private flush() {
+    this.flushTimeout = null;
+    const conflicts = [...this.pendingConflicts];
+    this.pendingConflicts = [];
+
+    if (conflicts.length === 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Group conflicts by their original command name
+    const grouped = new Map<string, SlashCommandConflict[]>();
+    for (const c of conflicts) {
+      const list = grouped.get(c.name) ?? [];
+      list.push(c);
+      grouped.set(c.name, list);
+    }
+
+    for (const [name, commandConflicts] of grouped) {
+      if (commandConflicts.length > 1) {
+        this.emitGroupedFeedback(name, commandConflicts);
+      } else {
+        this.emitSingleFeedback(commandConflicts[0]);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Emits a grouped notification for multiple conflicts sharing the same name.
+   */
+  private emitGroupedFeedback(
+    name: string,
+    conflicts: SlashCommandConflict[],
+  ): void {
+    const messages = conflicts
+      .map((c) => {
+        const source = this.getSourceDescription(
+          c.loserExtensionName,
+          c.loserKind,
+          c.loserMcpServerName,
+        );
+        return `- ${this.capitalize(source)} '/${c.name}' was renamed to '/${c.renamedTo}'`;
+      })
+      .join('\n');
+
+    coreEvents.emitFeedback(
+      'info',
+      `Conflicts detected for command '/${name}':\n${messages}`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Emits a descriptive notification for a single command conflict.
+   */
+  private emitSingleFeedback(c: SlashCommandConflict): void {
+    const loserSource = this.getSourceDescription(
+      c.loserExtensionName,
+      c.loserKind,
+      c.loserMcpServerName,
+    );
+    const winnerSource = this.getSourceDescription(
+      c.winnerExtensionName,
+      c.winnerKind,
+      c.winnerMcpServerName,
+    );
+
+    coreEvents.emitFeedback(
+      'info',
+      `${this.capitalize(loserSource)} '/${c.name}' was renamed to '/${c.renamedTo}' because it conflicts with ${winnerSource}.`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  private capitalize(s: string): string {
+    return s.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + s.slice(1);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a human-readable description of a command's source.
+   */
+  private getSourceDescription(
+    extensionName?: string,
+    kind?: string,
+    mcpServerName?: string,
+  ): string {
+    switch (kind) {
+      case CommandKind.EXTENSION_FILE:
+        return extensionName
+          ? `extension '${extensionName}' command`
+          : 'extension command';
+      case CommandKind.MCP_PROMPT:
+        return mcpServerName
+          ? `MCP server '${mcpServerName}' command`
+          : 'MCP server command';
+      case CommandKind.USER_FILE:
+        return 'user command';
+      case CommandKind.WORKSPACE_FILE:
+        return 'workspace command';
+      case CommandKind.BUILT_IN:
+        return 'built-in command';
+      default:
+        return 'existing command';
     }
   }
 }

packages/cli/src/services/SlashCommandResolver.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2026 Google LLC
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+import { describe, it, expect, vi } from 'vitest';
+import { SlashCommandResolver } from './SlashCommandResolver.js';
+import { CommandKind, type SlashCommand } from '../ui/commands/types.js';
+
+const createMockCommand = (name: string, kind: CommandKind): SlashCommand => ({
+  name,
+  description: `Description for ${name}`,
+  kind,
+  action: vi.fn(),
+});
+
+describe('SlashCommandResolver', () => {
+  describe('resolve', () => {
+    it('should return all commands when there are no conflicts', () => {
+      const cmdA = createMockCommand('a', CommandKind.BUILT_IN);
+      const cmdB = createMockCommand('b', CommandKind.USER_FILE);
+
+      const { finalCommands, conflicts } = SlashCommandResolver.resolve([
+        cmdA,
+        cmdB,
+      ]);
+
+      expect(finalCommands).toHaveLength(2);
+      expect(conflicts).toHaveLength(0);
+    });
+
+    it('should rename extension commands when they conflict with built-in', () => {
+      const builtin = createMockCommand('deploy', CommandKind.BUILT_IN);
+      const extension = {
+        ...createMockCommand('deploy', CommandKind.EXTENSION_FILE),
+        extensionName: 'firebase',
+      };
+
+      const { finalCommands, conflicts } = SlashCommandResolver.resolve([
+        builtin,
+        extension,
+      ]);
+
+      expect(finalCommands.map((c) => c.name)).toContain('deploy');
+      expect(finalCommands.map((c) => c.name)).toContain('firebase.deploy');
+      expect(conflicts).toHaveLength(1);
+    });
+
+    it('should prefix both user and workspace commands when they conflict', () => {
+      const userCmd = createMockCommand('sync', CommandKind.USER_FILE);
+      const workspaceCmd = createMockCommand(
+        'sync',
+        CommandKind.WORKSPACE_FILE,
+      );
+
+      const { finalCommands, conflicts } = SlashCommandResolver.resolve([
+        userCmd,
+        workspaceCmd,
+      ]);
+
+      const names = finalCommands.map((c) => c.name);
+      expect(names).not.toContain('sync');
+      expect(names).toContain('user.sync');
+      expect(names).toContain('workspace.sync');
+      expect(conflicts).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(conflicts[0].losers).toHaveLength(2); // Both are considered losers
+    });
+
+    it('should prefix file commands but keep built-in names during conflicts', () => {
+      const builtin = createMockCommand('help', CommandKind.BUILT_IN);
+      const user = createMockCommand('help', CommandKind.USER_FILE);
+
+      const { finalCommands } = SlashCommandResolver.resolve([builtin, user]);
+
+      const names = finalCommands.map((c) => c.name);
+      expect(names).toContain('help');
+      expect(names).toContain('user.help');
+    });
+
+    it('should prefix both commands when MCP and user file conflict', () => {
+      const mcp = {
+        ...createMockCommand('test', CommandKind.MCP_PROMPT),
+        mcpServerName: 'test-server',
+      };
+      const user = createMockCommand('test', CommandKind.USER_FILE);
+
+      const { finalCommands } = SlashCommandResolver.resolve([mcp, user]);
+
+      const names = finalCommands.map((c) => c.name);
+      expect(names).not.toContain('test');
+      expect(names).toContain('test-server.test');
+      expect(names).toContain('user.test');
+    });
+
+    it('should prefix MCP commands with server name when they conflict with built-in', () => {
+      const builtin = createMockCommand('help', CommandKind.BUILT_IN);
+      const mcp = {
+        ...createMockCommand('help', CommandKind.MCP_PROMPT),
+        mcpServerName: 'test-server',
+      };
+
+      const { finalCommands } = SlashCommandResolver.resolve([builtin, mcp]);
+
+      const names = finalCommands.map((c) => c.name);
+      expect(names).toContain('help');
+      expect(names).toContain('test-server.help');
+    });
+
+    it('should prefix both MCP commands when they conflict with each other', () => {
+      const mcp1 = {
+        ...createMockCommand('test', CommandKind.MCP_PROMPT),
+        mcpServerName: 'server1',
+      };
+      const mcp2 = {
+        ...createMockCommand('test', CommandKind.MCP_PROMPT),
+        mcpServerName: 'server2',
+      };
+
+      const { finalCommands } = SlashCommandResolver.resolve([mcp1, mcp2]);
+
+      const names = finalCommands.map((c) => c.name);
+      expect(names).not.toContain('test');
+      expect(names).toContain('server1.test');
+      expect(names).toContain('server2.test');
+    });
+
+    it('should favor the last built-in command silently during conflicts', () => {
+      const builtin1 = {
+        ...createMockCommand('help', CommandKind.BUILT_IN),
+        description: 'first',
+      };
+      const builtin2 = {
+        ...createMockCommand('help', CommandKind.BUILT_IN),
+        description: 'second',
+      };
+
+      const { finalCommands } = SlashCommandResolver.resolve([
+        builtin1,
+        builtin2,
+      ]);
+
+      expect(finalCommands).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(finalCommands[0].description).toBe('second');
+    });
+
+    it('should fallback to numeric suffixes when both prefix and kind-based prefix are missing', () => {
+      const cmd1 = createMockCommand('test', CommandKind.BUILT_IN);
+      const cmd2 = {
+        ...createMockCommand('test', 'unknown' as CommandKind),
+      };
+
+      const { finalCommands } = SlashCommandResolver.resolve([cmd1, cmd2]);
+
+      const names = finalCommands.map((c) => c.name);
+      expect(names).toContain('test');
+      expect(names).toContain('test1');
+    });
+
+    it('should apply numeric suffixes when renames also conflict', () => {
+      const user1 = createMockCommand('deploy', CommandKind.USER_FILE);
+      const user2 = createMockCommand('gcp.deploy', CommandKind.USER_FILE);
+      const extension = {
+        ...createMockCommand('deploy', CommandKind.EXTENSION_FILE),
+        extensionName: 'gcp',
+      };
+
+      const { finalCommands } = SlashCommandResolver.resolve([
+        user1,
+        user2,
+        extension,
+      ]);
+
+      expect(finalCommands.find((c) => c.name === 'gcp.deploy1')).toBeDefined();
+    });
+  });
+});

packages/cli/src/services/SlashCommandResolver.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2026 Google LLC
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+import type { SlashCommand } from '../ui/commands/types.js';
+import { CommandKind } from '../ui/commands/types.js';
+import type { CommandConflict } from './types.js';
+
+/**
+ * Internal registry to track commands and conflicts during resolution.
+ */
+class CommandRegistry {
+  readonly commandMap = new Map<string, SlashCommand>();
+  readonly conflictsMap = new Map<string, CommandConflict>();
+  readonly firstEncounters = new Map<string, SlashCommand>();
+
+  get finalCommands(): SlashCommand[] {
+    return Array.from(this.commandMap.values());
+  }
+
+  get conflicts(): CommandConflict[] {
+    return Array.from(this.conflictsMap.values());
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolves name conflicts among slash commands.
+ *
+ * Rules:
+ * 1. Built-in commands always keep the original name.
+ * 2. All other types are prefixed with their source name (e.g. user.name).
+ * 3. If multiple non-built-in commands conflict, all of them are renamed.
+ */
+export class SlashCommandResolver {
+  /**
+   * Orchestrates conflict resolution by applying renaming rules to ensures
+   * every command has a unique name.
+   */
+  static resolve(allCommands: SlashCommand[]): {
+    finalCommands: SlashCommand[];
+    conflicts: CommandConflict[];
+  } {
+    const registry = new CommandRegistry();
+
+    for (const cmd of allCommands) {
+      const originalName = cmd.name;
+      let finalName = originalName;
+
+      if (registry.firstEncounters.has(originalName)) {
+        // We've already seen a command with this name, so resolve the conflict.
+        finalName = this.handleConflict(cmd, registry);
+      } else {
+        // Track the first claimant to report them as the conflict reason later.
+        registry.firstEncounters.set(originalName, cmd);
+      }
+
+      // Store under final name, ensuring the command object reflects it.
+      registry.commandMap.set(finalName, {
+        ...cmd,
+        name: finalName,
+      });
+    }
+
+    return {
+      finalCommands: registry.finalCommands,
+      conflicts: registry.conflicts,
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Resolves a name collision by deciding which command keeps the name and which is renamed.
+   *
+   * @param incoming The command currently being processed that has a name collision.
+   * @param registry The internal state of the resolution process.
+   * @returns The final name to be assigned to the `incoming` command.
+   */
+  private static handleConflict(
+    incoming: SlashCommand,
+    registry: CommandRegistry,
+  ): string {
+    const collidingName = incoming.name;
+    const originalClaimant = registry.firstEncounters.get(collidingName)!;
+
+    // Incoming built-in takes priority. Prefix any existing owner.
+    if (incoming.kind === CommandKind.BUILT_IN) {
+      this.prefixExistingCommand(collidingName, incoming, registry);
+      return collidingName;
+    }
+
+    // Incoming non-built-in is renamed to its source-prefixed version.
+    const renamedName = this.getRenamedName(
+      incoming.name,
+      this.getPrefix(incoming),
+      registry.commandMap,
+    );
+    this.trackConflict(
+      registry.conflictsMap,
+      collidingName,
+      originalClaimant,
+      incoming,
+      renamedName,
+    );
+
+    // Prefix current owner as well if it isn't a built-in.
+    this.prefixExistingCommand(collidingName, incoming, registry);
+
+    return renamedName;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Safely renames the command currently occupying a name in the registry.
+   *
+   * @param name The name of the command to prefix.
+   * @param reason The incoming command that is causing the prefixing.
+   * @param registry The internal state of the resolution process.
+   */
+  private static prefixExistingCommand(
+    name: string,
+    reason: SlashCommand,
+    registry: CommandRegistry,
+  ): void {
+    const currentOwner = registry.commandMap.get(name);
+
+    // Only non-built-in commands can be prefixed.
+    if (!currentOwner || currentOwner.kind === CommandKind.BUILT_IN) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Determine the new name for the owner using its source prefix.
+    const renamedName = this.getRenamedName(
+      currentOwner.name,
+      this.getPrefix(currentOwner),
+      registry.commandMap,
+    );
+
+    // Update the registry: remove the old name and add the owner under the new name.
+    registry.commandMap.delete(name);
+    const renamedOwner = { ...currentOwner, name: renamedName };
+    registry.commandMap.set(renamedName, renamedOwner);
+
+    // Record the conflict so the user can be notified of the prefixing.
+    this.trackConflict(
+      registry.conflictsMap,
+      name,
+      reason,
+      currentOwner,
+      renamedName,
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Generates a unique name using numeric suffixes if needed.
+   */
+  private static getRenamedName(
+    name: string,
+    prefix: string | undefined,
+    commandMap: Map<string, SlashCommand>,
+  ): string {
+    const base = prefix ? `${prefix}.${name}` : name;
+    let renamedName = base;
+    let suffix = 1;
+
+    while (commandMap.has(renamedName)) {
+      renamedName = `${base}${suffix}`;
+      suffix++;
+    }
+    return renamedName;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a suitable prefix for a conflicting command.
+   */
+  private static getPrefix(cmd: SlashCommand): string | undefined {
+    switch (cmd.kind) {
+      case CommandKind.EXTENSION_FILE:
+        return cmd.extensionName;
+      case CommandKind.MCP_PROMPT:
+        return cmd.mcpServerName;
+      case CommandKind.USER_FILE:
+        return 'user';
+      case CommandKind.WORKSPACE_FILE:
+        return 'workspace';
+      default:
+        return undefined;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Logs a conflict event.
+   */
+  private static trackConflict(
+    conflictsMap: Map<string, CommandConflict>,
+    originalName: string,
+    reason: SlashCommand,
+    displacedCommand: SlashCommand,
+    renamedTo: string,
+  ) {
+    if (!conflictsMap.has(originalName)) {
+      conflictsMap.set(originalName, {
+        name: originalName,
+        losers: [],
+      });
+    }
+
+    conflictsMap.get(originalName)!.losers.push({
+      command: displacedCommand,
+      renamedTo,
+      reason,
+    });
+  }
+}

packages/cli/src/services/types.ts

@@ -22,3 +22,12 @@ export interface ICommandLoader {
    */
   loadCommands(signal: AbortSignal): Promise<SlashCommand[]>;
 }
+
+export interface CommandConflict {
+  name: string;
+  losers: Array<{
+    command: SlashCommand;
+    renamedTo: string;
+    reason: SlashCommand;
+  }>;
+}

packages/cli/src/test-utils/mockConfig.ts

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ export const createMockConfig = (overrides: Partial<Config> = {}): Config =>
     setSessionId: vi.fn(),
     getSessionId: vi.fn().mockReturnValue('mock-session-id'),
     getContentGeneratorConfig: vi.fn(() => ({ authType: 'google' })),
-    getExperimentalZedIntegration: vi.fn(() => false),
+    getAcpMode: vi.fn(() => false),
     isBrowserLaunchSuppressed: vi.fn(() => false),
     setRemoteAdminSettings: vi.fn(),
     isYoloModeDisabled: vi.fn(() => false),

packages/cli/src/test-utils/mockDebugLogger.ts

@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ export function mockCoreDebugLogger<T extends Record<string, unknown>>(
   return {
     ...actual,
     coreEvents: {
+      // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-syntax
       ...(typeof actual['coreEvents'] === 'object' &&
       actual['coreEvents'] !== null
         ? actual['coreEvents']

packages/cli/src/test-utils/render.tsx

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ import { AppContext, type AppState } from '../ui/contexts/AppContext.js';
 import { createMockSettings } from './settings.js';
 import { SessionStatsProvider } from '../ui/contexts/SessionContext.js';
 import { themeManager, DEFAULT_THEME } from '../ui/themes/theme-manager.js';
-import { DefaultLight } from '../ui/themes/default-light.js';
+import { DefaultLight } from '../ui/themes/builtin/light/default-light.js';
 import { pickDefaultThemeName } from '../ui/themes/theme.js';
 import { generateSvgForTerminal } from './svg.js';
 
@@ -96,6 +96,7 @@ function isInkRenderMetrics(
     typeof m === 'object' &&
     m !== null &&
     'output' in m &&
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-syntax
     typeof m['output'] === 'string'
   );
 }
@@ -605,7 +606,6 @@ const mockUIActions: UIActions = {
   handleFolderTrustSelect: vi.fn(),
   setIsPolicyUpdateDialogOpen: vi.fn(),
   setConstrainHeight: vi.fn(),
-  onEscapePromptChange: vi.fn(),
   refreshStatic: vi.fn(),
   handleFinalSubmit: vi.fn(),
   handleClearScreen: vi.fn(),

packages/cli/src/ui/App.test.tsx

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import type React from 'react';
 import { renderWithProviders } from '../test-utils/render.js';
 import { Text, useIsScreenReaderEnabled, type DOMElement } from 'ink';
 import { App } from './App.js';
+import { TransientMessageType } from '../utils/events.js';
 import { type UIState } from './contexts/UIStateContext.js';
 import { StreamingState } from './types.js';
 import { makeFakeConfig, CoreToolCallStatus } from '@google/gemini-cli-core';
@@ -170,16 +171,16 @@ describe('App', () => {
   });
 
   it.each([
-    { key: 'C', stateKey: 'ctrlCPressedOnce' },
-    { key: 'D', stateKey: 'ctrlDPressedOnce' },
+    { key: 'C' },
+    { key: 'D' },
   ])(
-    'should show Ctrl+$key exit prompt when dialogs are visible and $stateKey is true',
-    async ({ key, stateKey }) => {
+    'should show Ctrl+$key exit prompt when dialogs are visible and warning is present',
+    async ({ key }) => {
       const uiState = {
         ...mockUIState,
         dialogsVisible: true,
-        [stateKey]: true,
-      } as UIState;
+        transientMessage: { message: `Press Ctrl+${key} again to exit.`, type: TransientMessageType.Warning },
+      } as unknown as UIState;
 
       const { lastFrame, waitUntilReady, unmount } = renderWithProviders(
         <App />,

packages/cli/src/ui/AppContainer.test.tsx

@@ -160,6 +160,7 @@ vi.mock('./hooks/useIdeTrustListener.js');
 vi.mock('./hooks/useMessageQueue.js');
 vi.mock('./hooks/useApprovalModeIndicator.js');
 vi.mock('./hooks/useGitBranchName.js');
+vi.mock('./hooks/useExtensionUpdates.js');
 vi.mock('./contexts/VimModeContext.js');
 vi.mock('./contexts/SessionContext.js');
 vi.mock('./components/shared/text-buffer.js');
@@ -191,11 +192,18 @@ vi.mock('../utils/terminalNotifications.js', () => ({
 vi.mock('./hooks/useTerminalTheme.js', () => ({
   useTerminalTheme: vi.fn(),
 }));
+vi.mock('./hooks/useAlternateBuffer.js', () => ({
+  useAlternateBuffer: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(false),
+  useLegacyNonAlternateBufferMode: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(false),
+  isAlternateBufferEnabled: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(false),
+}));
+
 
 import { useHookDisplayState } from './hooks/useHookDisplayState.js';
 import { useTerminalTheme } from './hooks/useTerminalTheme.js';
 import { useShellInactivityStatus } from './hooks/useShellInactivityStatus.js';
 import { useFocus } from './hooks/useFocus.js';
+import { TransientMessageType } from '../utils/events.js';
 
 // Mock external utilities
 vi.mock('../utils/events.js');
@@ -218,6 +226,10 @@ import { useIdeTrustListener } from './hooks/useIdeTrustListener.js';
 import { useMessageQueue } from './hooks/useMessageQueue.js';
 import { useApprovalModeIndicator } from './hooks/useApprovalModeIndicator.js';
 import { useGitBranchName } from './hooks/useGitBranchName.js';
+import {
+  useConfirmUpdateRequests,
+  useExtensionUpdates,
+} from './hooks/useExtensionUpdates.js';
 import { useVimMode } from './contexts/VimModeContext.js';
 import { useSessionStats } from './contexts/SessionContext.js';
 import { useTextBuffer } from './components/shared/text-buffer.js';
@@ -227,10 +239,7 @@ import { useInputHistoryStore } from './hooks/useInputHistoryStore.js';
 import { useKeypress, type Key } from './hooks/useKeypress.js';
 import * as useKeypressModule from './hooks/useKeypress.js';
 import { useSuspend } from './hooks/useSuspend.js';
-import { measureElement } from 'ink';
-import { useTerminalSize } from './hooks/useTerminalSize.js';
 import {
-  ShellExecutionService,
   writeToStdout,
   enableMouseEvents,
   disableMouseEvents,
@@ -299,6 +308,8 @@ describe('AppContainer State Management', () => {
   const mockedUseMessageQueue = useMessageQueue as Mock;
   const mockedUseApprovalModeIndicator = useApprovalModeIndicator as Mock;
   const mockedUseGitBranchName = useGitBranchName as Mock;
+  const mockedUseConfirmUpdateRequests = useConfirmUpdateRequests as Mock;
+  const mockedUseExtensionUpdates = useExtensionUpdates as Mock;
   const mockedUseVimMode = useVimMode as Mock;
   const mockedUseSessionStats = useSessionStats as Mock;
   const mockedUseTextBuffer = useTextBuffer as Mock;
@@ -451,6 +462,15 @@ describe('AppContainer State Management', () => {
       isFocused: true,
       hasReceivedFocusEvent: true,
     });
+    mockedUseConfirmUpdateRequests.mockReturnValue({
+      addConfirmUpdateExtensionRequest: vi.fn(),
+      confirmUpdateExtensionRequests: [],
+    });
+    mockedUseExtensionUpdates.mockReturnValue({
+      extensionsUpdateState: new Map(),
+      extensionsUpdateStateInternal: new Map(),
+      dispatchExtensionStateUpdate: vi.fn(),
+    });
 
     // Mock Config
     mockConfig = makeFakeConfig();
@@ -2127,19 +2147,19 @@ describe('AppContainer State Management', () => {
         vi.advanceTimersByTime(0);
       });
 
-      expect(capturedUIState.queueErrorMessage).toBeNull();
+      expect(capturedUIState.transientMessage).toBeNull();
 
       act(() => {
         capturedUIActions.setQueueErrorMessage('Test error');
       });
       rerender(getAppContainer());
-      expect(capturedUIState.queueErrorMessage).toBe('Test error');
+      await waitFor(() => expect(capturedUIState.transientMessage?.message).toBe('Test error'));
 
       act(() => {
         vi.advanceTimersByTime(3000);
       });
       rerender(getAppContainer());
-      expect(capturedUIState.queueErrorMessage).toBeNull();
+      expect(capturedUIState.transientMessage).toBeNull();
       unmount();
     });
 
@@ -2153,7 +2173,7 @@ describe('AppContainer State Management', () => {
         capturedUIActions.setQueueErrorMessage('First error');
       });
       rerender(getAppContainer());
-      expect(capturedUIState.queueErrorMessage).toBe('First error');
+      await waitFor(() => expect(capturedUIState.transientMessage?.message).toBe('First error'));
 
       act(() => {
         vi.advanceTimersByTime(1500);
@@ -2163,53 +2183,24 @@ describe('AppContainer State Management', () => {
         capturedUIActions.setQueueErrorMessage('Second error');
       });
       rerender(getAppContainer());
-      expect(capturedUIState.queueErrorMessage).toBe('Second error');
+      await waitFor(() => expect(capturedUIState.transientMessage?.message).toBe('Second error'));
 
       act(() => {
         vi.advanceTimersByTime(2000);
       });
       rerender(getAppContainer());
-      expect(capturedUIState.queueErrorMessage).toBe('Second error');
+      await waitFor(() => expect(capturedUIState.transientMessage?.message).toBe('Second error'));
 
       // 5. Advance time past the 3 second timeout from the second message
       act(() => {
         vi.advanceTimersByTime(1000);
       });
       rerender(getAppContainer());
-      expect(capturedUIState.queueErrorMessage).toBeNull();
+      expect(capturedUIState.transientMessage).toBeNull();
       unmount();
     });
   });
 
-  describe('Terminal Height Calculation', () => {
-    const mockedMeasureElement = measureElement as Mock;
-    const mockedUseTerminalSize = useTerminalSize as Mock;
-
-    it('should prevent terminal height from being less than 1', async () => {
-      const resizePtySpy = vi.spyOn(ShellExecutionService, 'resizePty');
-      // Arrange: Simulate a small terminal and a large footer
-      mockedUseTerminalSize.mockReturnValue({ columns: 80, rows: 5 });
-      mockedMeasureElement.mockReturnValue({ width: 80, height: 10 }); // Footer is taller than the screen
-
-      mockedUseGeminiStream.mockReturnValue({
-        ...DEFAULT_GEMINI_STREAM_MOCK,
-        activePtyId: 'some-id',
-      });
-
-      let unmount: () => void;
-      await act(async () => {
-        const result = renderAppContainer();
-        unmount = result.unmount;
-      });
-      await waitFor(() => expect(resizePtySpy).toHaveBeenCalled());
-      const lastCall =
-        resizePtySpy.mock.calls[resizePtySpy.mock.calls.length - 1];
-      // Check the height argument specifically
-      expect(lastCall[2]).toBe(1);
-      unmount!();
-    });
-  });
-
   describe('Keyboard Input Handling (CTRL+C / CTRL+D)', () => {
     let mockHandleSlashCommand: Mock;
     let mockCancelOngoingRequest: Mock;
@@ -3125,30 +3116,6 @@ describe('AppContainer State Management', () => {
     });
   });
 
-  describe('Shell Interaction', () => {
-    it('should not crash if resizing the pty fails', async () => {
-      const resizePtySpy = vi
-        .spyOn(ShellExecutionService, 'resizePty')
-        .mockImplementation(() => {
-          throw new Error('Cannot resize a pty that has already exited');
-        });
-
-      mockedUseGeminiStream.mockReturnValue({
-        ...DEFAULT_GEMINI_STREAM_MOCK,
-        activePtyId: 'some-pty-id', // Make sure activePtyId is set
-      });
-
-      // The main assertion is that the render does not throw.
-      let unmount: () => void;
-      await act(async () => {
-        const result = renderAppContainer();
-        unmount = result.unmount;
-      });
-
-      await waitFor(() => expect(resizePtySpy).toHaveBeenCalled());
-      unmount!();
-    });
-  });
   describe('Banner Text', () => {
     it('should render placeholder banner text for USE_GEMINI auth type', async () => {
       const config = makeFakeConfig();
@@ -3429,21 +3396,78 @@ describe('AppContainer State Management', () => {
 
       await waitFor(() => {
         // Should show hint because we are in Standard Mode (default settings) and have overflow
-        expect(capturedUIState.showIsExpandableHint).toBe(true);
+        expect(capturedUIState.transientMessage?.type).toBe(TransientMessageType.Accent);
       });
 
       // Advance just before the timeout
       act(() => {
         vi.advanceTimersByTime(EXPAND_HINT_DURATION_MS - 100);
       });
-      expect(capturedUIState.showIsExpandableHint).toBe(true);
+      expect(capturedUIState.transientMessage?.type).toBe(TransientMessageType.Accent);
 
       // Advance to hit the timeout mark
       act(() => {
         vi.advanceTimersByTime(100);
       });
       await waitFor(() => {
-        expect(capturedUIState.showIsExpandableHint).toBe(false);
+        expect(capturedUIState.transientMessage).toBeNull();
+      });
+
+      unmount!();
+    });
+
+    it('resets the hint timer when a new component overflows (overflowingIdsSize increases)', async () => {
+      let unmount: () => void;
+      await act(async () => {
+        const result = renderAppContainer();
+        unmount = result.unmount;
+      });
+      await waitFor(() => expect(capturedUIState).toBeTruthy());
+
+      // 1. Trigger first overflow
+      act(() => {
+        capturedOverflowActions.addOverflowingId('test-id-1');
+      });
+
+      await waitFor(() => {
+        expect(capturedUIState.transientMessage?.type).toBe(TransientMessageType.Accent);
+      });
+
+      // 2. Advance half the duration
+      act(() => {
+        vi.advanceTimersByTime(EXPAND_HINT_DURATION_MS / 2);
+      });
+      expect(capturedUIState.transientMessage?.type).toBe(TransientMessageType.Accent);
+
+      // 3. Trigger second overflow (this should reset the timer)
+      act(() => {
+        capturedOverflowActions.addOverflowingId('test-id-2');
+      });
+
+      // Advance by 1ms to allow the OverflowProvider's 0ms batching timeout to fire
+      // and flush the state update to AppContainer, triggering the reset.
+      act(() => {
+        vi.advanceTimersByTime(1);
+      });
+
+      await waitFor(() => {
+        expect(capturedUIState.transientMessage?.type).toBe(TransientMessageType.Accent);
+      });
+
+      // 4. Advance enough that the ORIGINAL timer would have expired
+      // Subtracting 1ms since we advanced it above to flush the state.
+      act(() => {
+        vi.advanceTimersByTime(EXPAND_HINT_DURATION_MS / 2 + 100 - 1);
+      });
+      // The hint should STILL be visible because the timer reset at step 3
+      expect(capturedUIState.transientMessage?.type).toBe(TransientMessageType.Accent);
+
+      // 5. Advance to the end of the NEW timer
+      act(() => {
+        vi.advanceTimersByTime(EXPAND_HINT_DURATION_MS / 2 - 100);
+      });
+      await waitFor(() => {
+        expect(capturedUIState.transientMessage).toBeNull();
       });
 
       unmount!();
@@ -3468,14 +3492,14 @@ describe('AppContainer State Management', () => {
       });
 
       await waitFor(() => {
-        expect(capturedUIState.showIsExpandableHint).toBe(true);
+        expect(capturedUIState.transientMessage?.type).toBe(TransientMessageType.Accent);
       });
 
       // Advance half the duration
       act(() => {
         vi.advanceTimersByTime(EXPAND_HINT_DURATION_MS / 2);
       });
-      expect(capturedUIState.showIsExpandableHint).toBe(true);
+      expect(capturedUIState.transientMessage?.type).toBe(TransientMessageType.Accent);
 
       // Simulate Ctrl+O
       act(() => {
@@ -3493,7 +3517,7 @@ describe('AppContainer State Management', () => {
       });
 
       // We expect it to still be true because Ctrl+O should have reset the timer
-      expect(capturedUIState.showIsExpandableHint).toBe(true);
+      expect(capturedUIState.transientMessage?.type).toBe(TransientMessageType.Accent);
 
       // Advance remaining time to reach the new timeout
       act(() => {
@@ -3501,7 +3525,7 @@ describe('AppContainer State Management', () => {
       });
 
       await waitFor(() => {
-        expect(capturedUIState.showIsExpandableHint).toBe(false);
+        expect(capturedUIState.transientMessage).toBeNull();
       });
 
       unmount!();
@@ -3526,14 +3550,14 @@ describe('AppContainer State Management', () => {
       });
 
       await waitFor(() => {
-        expect(capturedUIState.showIsExpandableHint).toBe(true);
+        expect(capturedUIState.transientMessage?.type).toBe(TransientMessageType.Accent);
       });
 
       // Advance half the duration
       act(() => {
         vi.advanceTimersByTime(EXPAND_HINT_DURATION_MS / 2);
       });
-      expect(capturedUIState.showIsExpandableHint).toBe(true);
+      expect(capturedUIState.transientMessage?.type).toBe(TransientMessageType.Accent);
 
       // First toggle 'on' (expanded)
       act(() => {
@@ -3547,7 +3571,7 @@ describe('AppContainer State Management', () => {
       act(() => {
         vi.advanceTimersByTime(1000);
       });
-      expect(capturedUIState.showIsExpandableHint).toBe(true);
+      expect(capturedUIState.transientMessage?.type).toBe(TransientMessageType.Accent);
 
       // Second toggle 'off' (collapsed)
       act(() => {
@@ -3561,7 +3585,7 @@ describe('AppContainer State Management', () => {
       act(() => {
         vi.advanceTimersByTime(1000);
       });
-      expect(capturedUIState.showIsExpandableHint).toBe(true);
+      expect(capturedUIState.transientMessage?.type).toBe(TransientMessageType.Accent);
 
       // Third toggle 'on' (expanded)
       act(() => {
@@ -3576,7 +3600,7 @@ describe('AppContainer State Management', () => {
       act(() => {
         vi.advanceTimersByTime(EXPAND_HINT_DURATION_MS - 100);
       });
-      expect(capturedUIState.showIsExpandableHint).toBe(true);
+      expect(capturedUIState.transientMessage?.type).toBe(TransientMessageType.Accent);
 
       // Wait 0.1s more to hit exactly the timeout since the last toggle.
       // It should hide now.
@@ -3584,13 +3608,13 @@ describe('AppContainer State Management', () => {
         vi.advanceTimersByTime(100);
       });
       await waitFor(() => {
-        expect(capturedUIState.showIsExpandableHint).toBe(false);
+        expect(capturedUIState.transientMessage).toBeNull();
       });
 
       unmount!();
     });
 
-    it('does NOT set showIsExpandableHint when overflow occurs in Alternate Buffer Mode', async () => {
+    it('DOES set showIsExpandableHint when overflow occurs in Alternate Buffer Mode', async () => {
       const alternateSettings = mergeSettings({}, {}, {}, {}, true);
       const settingsWithAlternateBuffer = {
         merged: {
@@ -3619,7 +3643,9 @@ describe('AppContainer State Management', () => {
       });
 
       // Should NOT show hint because we are in Alternate Buffer Mode
-      expect(capturedUIState.showIsExpandableHint).toBe(false);
+      await waitFor(() => {
+        expect(capturedUIState.transientMessage).toBeNull();
+      });
 
       unmount!();
     });

packages/cli/src/ui/AppContainer.tsx

@@ -4,6 +4,13 @@
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
  */
 
+import { useLegacyNonAlternateBufferMode } from './hooks/useAlternateBuffer.js';
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2026 Google LLC
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+
 import {
   useMemo,
   useState,
@@ -13,6 +20,7 @@ import {
   useLayoutEffect,
 } from 'react';
 import {
+  Box,
   type DOMElement,
   measureElement,
   useApp,
@@ -120,12 +128,18 @@ import { useFocus } from './hooks/useFocus.js';
 import { useKeypress, type Key } from './hooks/useKeypress.js';
 import { KeypressPriority } from './contexts/KeypressContext.js';
 import { keyMatchers, Command } from './keyMatchers.js';
+import { formatCommand } from './utils/keybindingUtils.js';
 import { useLoadingIndicator } from './hooks/useLoadingIndicator.js';
 import { useShellInactivityStatus } from './hooks/useShellInactivityStatus.js';
 import { useFolderTrust } from './hooks/useFolderTrust.js';
 import { useIdeTrustListener } from './hooks/useIdeTrustListener.js';
 import { type IdeIntegrationNudgeResult } from './IdeIntegrationNudge.js';
-import { appEvents, AppEvent, TransientMessageType } from '../utils/events.js';
+import {
+  appEvents,
+  AppEvent,
+  TransientMessageType,
+  type TransientMessagePayload,
+} from '../utils/events.js';
 import { type UpdateObject } from './utils/updateCheck.js';
 import { setUpdateHandler } from '../utils/handleAutoUpdate.js';
 import { registerCleanup, runExitCleanup } from '../utils/cleanup.js';
@@ -230,6 +244,89 @@ export const AppContainer = (props: AppContainerProps) => {
 
   useMemoryMonitor(historyManager);
   const isAlternateBuffer = config.getUseAlternateBuffer();
+
+  const rootUiRef = useRef<DOMElement>(null);
+  const isLegacyNonAlternateBufferMode =
+    useLegacyNonAlternateBufferMode(rootUiRef, isAlternateBuffer);
+
+  const [transientMessage, setTransientMessageInternal] = useTimedMessage<{
+    message: string;
+    type: TransientMessageType;
+  }>(WARNING_PROMPT_DURATION_MS, isLegacyNonAlternateBufferMode);
+
+  const currentlyShowingTypeRef = useRef<TransientMessageType | null>(null);
+
+  const [transientMessageQueue, setTransientMessageQueue] = useState<
+    TransientMessagePayload[]
+  >([]);
+
+  const showTransientMessage = useCallback(
+    (payload: TransientMessagePayload | null, durationMs?: number) => {
+      if (payload === null) {
+        setTransientMessageInternal(null);
+        setTransientMessageQueue([]);
+        currentlyShowingTypeRef.current = null;
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (currentlyShowingTypeRef.current === payload.type) {
+        setTransientMessageInternal(
+          { message: payload.message, type: payload.type },
+          durationMs,
+        );
+        return;
+      }
+
+      setTransientMessageQueue((prev) => [...prev, { ...payload, durationMs }]);
+    },
+    [setTransientMessageInternal],
+  );
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (isLegacyNonAlternateBufferMode) {
+      return;
+    }
+    if (transientMessageQueue.length > 0 && !transientMessage) {
+      const [next, ...rest] = transientMessageQueue;
+      currentlyShowingTypeRef.current = next.type;
+      setTransientMessageInternal(
+        { message: next.message, type: next.type },
+        next.durationMs,
+      );
+      setTransientMessageQueue(rest);
+    } else if (!transientMessage) {
+      currentlyShowingTypeRef.current = null;
+    }
+  }, [
+    transientMessageQueue,
+    transientMessage,
+    setTransientMessageInternal,
+    isLegacyNonAlternateBufferMode,
+  ]);
+
+  const handleSetConstrainHeight = useCallback(
+    (value: boolean) => {
+      setConstrainHeight(value);
+      showTransientMessage(
+        {
+          message: `Ctrl+O to ${!value ? 'show more' : 'collapse'} lines of the last response`,
+          type: TransientMessageType.Accent,
+        },
+        EXPAND_HINT_DURATION_MS,
+      );
+    },
+    [showTransientMessage],
+  );
+
+  const handleSetQueueErrorMessage = useCallback(
+    (message: string | null) => {
+      showTransientMessage(
+        message ? { message, type: TransientMessageType.Error } : null,
+        QUEUE_ERROR_DISPLAY_DURATION_MS,
+      );
+    },
+    [showTransientMessage],
+  );
   const [corgiMode, setCorgiMode] = useState(false);
   const [forceRerenderKey, setForceRerenderKey] = useState(0);
   const [debugMessage, setDebugMessage] = useState<string>('');
@@ -265,16 +362,9 @@ export const AppContainer = (props: AppContainerProps) => {
     () => isWorkspaceTrusted(settings.merged).isTrusted,
   );
 
-  const [queueErrorMessage, setQueueErrorMessage] = useTimedMessage<string>(
-    QUEUE_ERROR_DISPLAY_DURATION_MS,
-  );
 
   const [newAgents, setNewAgents] = useState<AgentDefinition[] | null>(null);
   const [constrainHeight, setConstrainHeight] = useState<boolean>(true);
-  const [expandHintTrigger, triggerExpandHint] = useTimedMessage<boolean>(
-    EXPAND_HINT_DURATION_MS,
-  );
-  const showIsExpandableHint = Boolean(expandHintTrigger);
   const overflowState = useOverflowState();
   const overflowingIdsSize = overflowState?.overflowingIds.size ?? 0;
   const hasOverflowState = overflowingIdsSize > 0 || !constrainHeight;
@@ -283,19 +373,30 @@ export const AppContainer = (props: AppContainerProps) => {
    * Manages the visibility and x-second timer for the expansion hint.
    *
    * This effect triggers the timer countdown whenever an overflow is detected
-   * or the user manually toggles the expansion state with Ctrl+O. We use a stable
-   * boolean dependency (hasOverflowState) to ensure the timer only resets on
-   * genuine state transitions, preventing it from infinitely resetting during
-   * active text streaming.
+   * or the user manually toggles the expansion state with Ctrl+O.
+   * By depending on overflowingIdsSize, the timer resets when *new* views
+   * overflow, but avoids infinitely resetting during single-view streaming.
    *
    * In alternate buffer mode, we don't trigger the hint automatically on overflow
    * to avoid noise, but the user can still trigger it manually with Ctrl+O.
    */
   useEffect(() => {
     if (hasOverflowState && !isAlternateBuffer) {
-      triggerExpandHint(true);
+      showTransientMessage(
+        {
+          message: `Ctrl+O to ${constrainHeight ? 'show more' : 'collapse'} lines of the last response`,
+          type: TransientMessageType.Accent,
+        },
+        EXPAND_HINT_DURATION_MS,
+      );
     }
-  }, [hasOverflowState, isAlternateBuffer, triggerExpandHint]);
+  }, [
+    hasOverflowState,
+    isAlternateBuffer,
+    constrainHeight,
+    showTransientMessage,
+    overflowingIdsSize,
+  ]);
 
   const [defaultBannerText, setDefaultBannerText] = useState('');
   const [warningBannerText, setWarningBannerText] = useState('');
@@ -416,7 +517,6 @@ export const AppContainer = (props: AppContainerProps) => {
   // Layout measurements
   const mainControlsRef = useRef<DOMElement>(null);
   // For performance profiling only
-  const rootUiRef = useRef<DOMElement>(null);
   const lastTitleRef = useRef<string | null>(null);
   const staticExtraHeight = 3;
 
@@ -1010,10 +1110,10 @@ Logging in with Google... Restarting Gemini CLI to continue.
       historyManager.addItem(
         {
           type: MessageType.INFO,
-          text: `Memory refreshed successfully. ${
+          text: `Memory reloaded successfully. ${
             flattenedMemory.length > 0
-              ? `Loaded ${flattenedMemory.length} characters from ${fileCount} file(s).`
-              : 'No memory content found.'
+              ? `Loaded ${flattenedMemory.length} characters from ${fileCount} file(s)`
+              : 'No memory content found'
           }`,
         },
         Date.now(),
@@ -1261,7 +1361,7 @@ Logging in with Google... Restarting Gemini CLI to continue.
     async (submittedValue: string) => {
       reset();
       // Explicitly hide the expansion hint and clear its x-second timer when a new turn begins.
-      triggerExpandHint(null);
+      showTransientMessage(null);
       if (!constrainHeight) {
         setConstrainHeight(true);
         if (!isAlternateBuffer) {
@@ -1323,24 +1423,24 @@ Logging in with Google... Restarting Gemini CLI to continue.
       submitQuery,
       isMcpReady,
       streamingState,
-      messageQueue.length,
       pendingSlashCommandHistoryItems,
       pendingGeminiHistoryItems,
       config,
       constrainHeight,
-      setConstrainHeight,
+      handleSetConstrainHeight,
       isAlternateBuffer,
+      isAgentConfigDialogOpen,
       refreshStatic,
       reset,
       handleHintSubmit,
-      triggerExpandHint,
+      showTransientMessage,
     ],
   );
 
   const handleClearScreen = useCallback(() => {
     reset();
     // Explicitly hide the expansion hint and clear its x-second timer when clearing the screen.
-    triggerExpandHint(null);
+    showTransientMessage(null);
     historyManager.clearItems();
     clearConsoleMessagesState();
     refreshStatic();
@@ -1349,7 +1449,7 @@ Logging in with Google... Restarting Gemini CLI to continue.
     clearConsoleMessagesState,
     refreshStatic,
     reset,
-    triggerExpandHint,
+    showTransientMessage,
   ]);
 
   const { handleInput: vimHandleInput } = useVim(buffer, handleFinalSubmit);
@@ -1421,32 +1521,6 @@ Logging in with Google... Restarting Gemini CLI to continue.
   const initialPromptSubmitted = useRef(false);
   const geminiClient = config.getGeminiClient();
 
-  useEffect(() => {
-    if (activePtyId) {
-      try {
-        ShellExecutionService.resizePty(
-          activePtyId,
-          Math.floor(terminalWidth * SHELL_WIDTH_FRACTION),
-          Math.max(
-            Math.floor(availableTerminalHeight - SHELL_HEIGHT_PADDING),
-            1,
-          ),
-        );
-      } catch (e) {
-        // This can happen in a race condition where the pty exits
-        // right before we try to resize it.
-        if (
-          !(
-            e instanceof Error &&
-            e.message.includes('Cannot resize a pty that has already exited')
-          )
-        ) {
-          throw e;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }, [terminalWidth, availableTerminalHeight, activePtyId]);
-
   useEffect(() => {
     if (
       initialPrompt &&
@@ -1498,39 +1572,39 @@ Logging in with Google... Restarting Gemini CLI to continue.
   const [renderMarkdown, setRenderMarkdown] = useState<boolean>(true);
 
   const handleExitRepeat = useCallback(
-    (count: number) => {
+    (count: number, message: string) => {
       if (count > 2) {
         recordExitFail(config);
       }
       if (count > 1) {
         void handleSlashCommand('/quit', undefined, undefined, false);
+      } else if (count === 1) {
+        showTransientMessage({
+          message,
+          type: TransientMessageType.Warning,
+        });
       }
     },
-    [config, handleSlashCommand],
+    [config, handleSlashCommand, showTransientMessage],
   );
 
-  const { pressCount: ctrlCPressCount, handlePress: handleCtrlCPress } =
+  const { handlePress: handleCtrlCPress } =
     useRepeatedKeyPress({
       windowMs: WARNING_PROMPT_DURATION_MS,
-      onRepeat: handleExitRepeat,
+      onRepeat: (count) => handleExitRepeat(count, 'Press Ctrl+C again to exit.'),
     });
 
-  const { pressCount: ctrlDPressCount, handlePress: handleCtrlDPress } =
+  const { handlePress: handleCtrlDPress } =
     useRepeatedKeyPress({
       windowMs: WARNING_PROMPT_DURATION_MS,
-      onRepeat: handleExitRepeat,
+      onRepeat: (count) => handleExitRepeat(count, 'Press Ctrl+D again to exit.'),
     });
 
   const [ideContextState, setIdeContextState] = useState<
     IdeContext | undefined
   >();
-  const [showEscapePrompt, setShowEscapePrompt] = useState(false);
-  const [showIdeRestartPrompt, setShowIdeRestartPrompt] = useState(false);
+    const [showIdeRestartPrompt, setShowIdeRestartPrompt] = useState(false);
 
-  const [transientMessage, showTransientMessage] = useTimedMessage<{
-    text: string;
-    type: TransientMessageType;
-  }>(WARNING_PROMPT_DURATION_MS);
 
   const {
     isFolderTrustDialogOpen,
@@ -1559,20 +1633,14 @@ Logging in with Google... Restarting Gemini CLI to continue.
       message: string;
       type: TransientMessageType;
     }) => {
-      showTransientMessage({ text: payload.message, type: payload.type });
+      showTransientMessage({ message: payload.message, type: payload.type }, payload.durationMs);
     };
 
     const handleSelectionWarning = () => {
-      showTransientMessage({
-        text: 'Press Ctrl-S to enter selection mode to copy text.',
-        type: TransientMessageType.Warning,
-      });
+      showTransientMessage({ message: 'Press Ctrl-S to enter selection mode to copy text.', type: TransientMessageType.Warning });
     };
     const handlePasteTimeout = () => {
-      showTransientMessage({
-        text: 'Paste Timed out. Possibly due to slow connection.',
-        type: TransientMessageType.Warning,
-      });
+      showTransientMessage({ message: 'Paste Timed out. Possibly due to slow connection.', type: TransientMessageType.Warning });
     };
 
     appEvents.on(AppEvent.TransientMessage, handleTransientMessage);
@@ -1591,10 +1659,7 @@ Logging in with Google... Restarting Gemini CLI to continue.
 
   const handleWarning = useCallback(
     (message: string) => {
-      showTransientMessage({
-        text: message,
-        type: TransientMessageType.Warning,
-      });
+      showTransientMessage({ message, type: TransientMessageType.Warning });
     },
     [showTransientMessage],
   );
@@ -1647,9 +1712,6 @@ Logging in with Google... Restarting Gemini CLI to continue.
     };
   }, [config]);
 
-  const handleEscapePromptChange = useCallback((showPrompt: boolean) => {
-    setShowEscapePrompt(showPrompt);
-  }, []);
 
   const handleIdePromptComplete = useCallback(
     (result: IdeIntegrationNudgeResult) => {
@@ -1707,20 +1769,17 @@ Logging in with Google... Restarting Gemini CLI to continue.
         keyMatchers[Command.TOGGLE_COPY_MODE](key) &&
         !isAlternateBuffer
       ) {
-        showTransientMessage({
-          text: 'Use Ctrl+O to expand and collapse blocks of content.',
-          type: TransientMessageType.Warning,
-        });
+        showTransientMessage({ message: 'Use Ctrl+O to expand and collapse blocks of content.', type: TransientMessageType.Warning });
         return true;
       }
 
       let enteringConstrainHeightMode = false;
       if (!constrainHeight) {
         enteringConstrainHeightMode = true;
-        setConstrainHeight(true);
         if (keyMatchers[Command.SHOW_MORE_LINES](key)) {
-          // If the user manually collapses the view, show the hint and reset the x-second timer.
-          triggerExpandHint(true);
+          handleSetConstrainHeight(true);
+        } else {
+          setConstrainHeight(true);
         }
         if (!isAlternateBuffer) {
           refreshStatic();
@@ -1750,7 +1809,15 @@ Logging in with Google... Restarting Gemini CLI to continue.
       } else if (keyMatchers[Command.TOGGLE_MARKDOWN](key)) {
         setRenderMarkdown((prev) => {
           const newValue = !prev;
-          // Force re-render of static content
+          showTransientMessage(
+            {
+              message: newValue
+                ? 'rendered markdown mode'
+                : `raw markdown mode (${formatCommand(Command.TOGGLE_MARKDOWN)} to toggle)`,
+              type: TransientMessageType.Accent,
+            },
+            EXPAND_HINT_DURATION_MS,
+          );
           refreshStatic();
           return newValue;
         });
@@ -1767,9 +1834,7 @@ Logging in with Google... Restarting Gemini CLI to continue.
         keyMatchers[Command.SHOW_MORE_LINES](key) &&
         !enteringConstrainHeightMode
       ) {
-        setConstrainHeight(false);
-        // If the user manually expands the view, show the hint and reset the x-second timer.
-        triggerExpandHint(true);
+        handleSetConstrainHeight(false);
         if (!isAlternateBuffer) {
           refreshStatic();
         }
@@ -1787,10 +1852,7 @@ Logging in with Google... Restarting Gemini CLI to continue.
             if (lastOutputTimeRef.current === capturedTime) {
               setEmbeddedShellFocused(false);
             } else {
-              showTransientMessage({
-                text: 'Use Shift+Tab to unfocus',
-                type: TransientMessageType.Warning,
-              });
+              showTransientMessage({ message: 'Use Shift+Tab to unfocus', type: TransientMessageType.Warning });
             }
           }, 150);
           return false;
@@ -1848,7 +1910,7 @@ Logging in with Google... Restarting Gemini CLI to continue.
     },
     [
       constrainHeight,
-      setConstrainHeight,
+      handleSetConstrainHeight,
       setShowErrorDetails,
       config,
       ideContextState,
@@ -1863,7 +1925,6 @@ Logging in with Google... Restarting Gemini CLI to continue.
       refreshStatic,
       setCopyModeEnabled,
       tabFocusTimeoutRef,
-      isAlternateBuffer,
       shortcutsHelpVisible,
       backgroundCurrentShell,
       toggleBackgroundShell,
@@ -1874,7 +1935,7 @@ Logging in with Google... Restarting Gemini CLI to continue.
       showTransientMessage,
       settings.merged.general.devtools,
       showErrorDetails,
-      triggerExpandHint,
+      showTransientMessage,
     ],
   );
 
@@ -2228,9 +2289,6 @@ Logging in with Google... Restarting Gemini CLI to continue.
       filteredConsoleMessages,
       ideContextState,
       renderMarkdown,
-      ctrlCPressedOnce: ctrlCPressCount >= 1,
-      ctrlDPressedOnce: ctrlDPressCount >= 1,
-      showEscapePrompt,
       shortcutsHelpVisible,
       cleanUiDetailsVisible,
       isFocused,
@@ -2239,7 +2297,6 @@ Logging in with Google... Restarting Gemini CLI to continue.
       historyRemountKey,
       activeHooks,
       messageQueue,
-      queueErrorMessage,
       showApprovalModeIndicator,
       allowPlanMode,
       currentModel,
@@ -2280,7 +2337,6 @@ Logging in with Google... Restarting Gemini CLI to continue.
       showDebugProfiler,
       customDialog,
       copyModeEnabled,
-      transientMessage,
       bannerData,
       bannerVisible,
       terminalBackgroundColor: config.getTerminalBackground(),
@@ -2291,7 +2347,6 @@ Logging in with Google... Restarting Gemini CLI to continue.
       isBackgroundShellListOpen,
       adminSettingsChanged,
       newAgents,
-      showIsExpandableHint,
       hintMode:
         config.isModelSteeringEnabled() &&
         isToolExecuting([
@@ -2299,6 +2354,9 @@ Logging in with Google... Restarting Gemini CLI to continue.
           ...pendingGeminiHistoryItems,
         ]),
       hintBuffer: '',
+      transientMessage: transientMessage
+        ? { message: transientMessage.message, type: transientMessage.type }
+        : null,
     }),
     [
       isThemeDialogOpen,
@@ -2318,7 +2376,6 @@ Logging in with Google... Restarting Gemini CLI to continue.
       isSettingsDialogOpen,
       isSessionBrowserOpen,
       isModelDialogOpen,
-      isAgentConfigDialogOpen,
       selectedAgentName,
       selectedAgentDisplayName,
       selectedAgentDefinition,
@@ -2356,9 +2413,6 @@ Logging in with Google... Restarting Gemini CLI to continue.
       filteredConsoleMessages,
       ideContextState,
       renderMarkdown,
-      ctrlCPressCount,
-      ctrlDPressCount,
-      showEscapePrompt,
       shortcutsHelpVisible,
       cleanUiDetailsVisible,
       isFocused,
@@ -2367,7 +2421,6 @@ Logging in with Google... Restarting Gemini CLI to continue.
       historyRemountKey,
       activeHooks,
       messageQueue,
-      queueErrorMessage,
       showApprovalModeIndicator,
       allowPlanMode,
       userTier,
@@ -2419,7 +2472,7 @@ Logging in with Google... Restarting Gemini CLI to continue.
       backgroundShells,
       adminSettingsChanged,
       newAgents,
-      showIsExpandableHint,
+      transientMessage,
     ],
   );
 
@@ -2450,8 +2503,8 @@ Logging in with Google... Restarting Gemini CLI to continue.
       handleIdePromptComplete,
       handleFolderTrustSelect,
       setIsPolicyUpdateDialogOpen,
-      setConstrainHeight,
-      onEscapePromptChange: handleEscapePromptChange,
+      handleSetConstrainHeight,
+      setConstrainHeight: handleSetConstrainHeight,
       refreshStatic,
       handleFinalSubmit,
       handleClearScreen,
@@ -2464,7 +2517,7 @@ Logging in with Google... Restarting Gemini CLI to continue.
       closeSessionBrowser,
       handleResumeSession,
       handleDeleteSession,
-      setQueueErrorMessage,
+      setQueueErrorMessage: handleSetQueueErrorMessage,
       popAllMessages,
       handleApiKeySubmit,
       handleApiKeyCancel,
@@ -2542,8 +2595,7 @@ Logging in with Google... Restarting Gemini CLI to continue.
       handleIdePromptComplete,
       handleFolderTrustSelect,
       setIsPolicyUpdateDialogOpen,
-      setConstrainHeight,
-      handleEscapePromptChange,
+      handleSetConstrainHeight,
       refreshStatic,
       handleFinalSubmit,
       handleClearScreen,
@@ -2555,7 +2607,7 @@ Logging in with Google... Restarting Gemini CLI to continue.
       closeSessionBrowser,
       handleResumeSession,
       handleDeleteSession,
-      setQueueErrorMessage,
+      handleSetQueueErrorMessage,
       popAllMessages,
       handleApiKeySubmit,
       handleApiKeyCancel,
@@ -2601,8 +2653,10 @@ Logging in with Google... Restarting Gemini CLI to continue.
             }}
           >
             <ToolActionsProvider config={config} toolCalls={allToolCalls}>
-              <ShellFocusContext.Provider value={isFocused}>
-                <App key={`app-${forceRerenderKey}`} />
+              <ShellFocusContext.Provider value={embeddedShellFocused}>
+                <Box ref={rootUiRef} flexDirection="column">
+                  <App key={`app-${forceRerenderKey}`} />
+                </Box>
               </ShellFocusContext.Provider>
             </ToolActionsProvider>
           </AppContext.Provider>

packages/cli/src/ui/auth/ApiAuthDialog.test.tsx

@@ -29,9 +29,16 @@ vi.mock('../hooks/useKeypress.js', () => ({
   useKeypress: vi.fn(),
 }));
 
-vi.mock('../components/shared/text-buffer.js', () => ({
-  useTextBuffer: vi.fn(),
-}));
+vi.mock('../components/shared/text-buffer.js', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const actual =
+    await importOriginal<
+      typeof import('../components/shared/text-buffer.js')
+    >();
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    useTextBuffer: vi.fn(),
+  };
+});
 
 vi.mock('../contexts/UIStateContext.js', () => ({
   useUIState: vi.fn(() => ({

packages/cli/src/ui/commands/agentsCommand.test.ts

@@ -105,34 +105,40 @@ describe('agentsCommand', () => {
     );
   });
 
-  it('should reload the agent registry when refresh subcommand is called', async () => {
+  it('should reload the agent registry when reload subcommand is called', async () => {
     const reloadSpy = vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined);
     mockConfig.getAgentRegistry = vi.fn().mockReturnValue({
       reload: reloadSpy,
     });
 
-    const refreshCommand = agentsCommand.subCommands?.find(
-      (cmd) => cmd.name === 'refresh',
+    const reloadCommand = agentsCommand.subCommands?.find(
+      (cmd) => cmd.name === 'reload',
     );
-    expect(refreshCommand).toBeDefined();
+    expect(reloadCommand).toBeDefined();
 
-    const result = await refreshCommand!.action!(mockContext, '');
+    const result = await reloadCommand!.action!(mockContext, '');
 
     expect(reloadSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    expect(mockContext.ui.addItem).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        type: MessageType.INFO,
+        text: 'Reloading agent registry...',
+      }),
+    );
     expect(result).toEqual({
       type: 'message',
       messageType: 'info',
-      content: 'Agents refreshed successfully.',
+      content: 'Agents reloaded successfully',
     });
   });
 
-  it('should show an error if agent registry is not available during refresh', async () => {
+  it('should show an error if agent registry is not available during reload', async () => {
     mockConfig.getAgentRegistry = vi.fn().mockReturnValue(undefined);
 
-    const refreshCommand = agentsCommand.subCommands?.find(
-      (cmd) => cmd.name === 'refresh',
+    const reloadCommand = agentsCommand.subCommands?.find(
+      (cmd) => cmd.name === 'reload',
     );
-    const result = await refreshCommand!.action!(mockContext, '');
+    const result = await reloadCommand!.action!(mockContext, '');
 
     expect(result).toEqual({
       type: 'message',

packages/cli/src/ui/commands/agentsCommand.ts

@@ -322,9 +322,9 @@ const configCommand: SlashCommand = {
   completion: completeAllAgents,
 };
 
-const agentsRefreshCommand: SlashCommand = {
-  name: 'refresh',
-  altNames: ['reload'],
+const agentsReloadCommand: SlashCommand = {
+  name: 'reload',
+  altNames: ['refresh'],
   description: 'Reload the agent registry',
   kind: CommandKind.BUILT_IN,
   action: async (context: CommandContext) => {
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ const agentsRefreshCommand: SlashCommand = {
 
     context.ui.addItem({
       type: MessageType.INFO,
-      text: 'Refreshing agent registry...',
+      text: 'Reloading agent registry...',
     });
 
     await agentRegistry.reload();
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ const agentsRefreshCommand: SlashCommand = {
     return {
       type: 'message',
       messageType: 'info',
-      content: 'Agents refreshed successfully.',
+      content: 'Agents reloaded successfully',
     };
   },
 };
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ export const agentsCommand: SlashCommand = {
   kind: CommandKind.BUILT_IN,
   subCommands: [
     agentsListCommand,
-    agentsRefreshCommand,
+    agentsReloadCommand,
     enableCommand,
     disableCommand,
     configCommand,

packages/cli/src/ui/commands/extensionsCommand.test.ts

@@ -755,7 +755,7 @@ describe('extensionsCommand', () => {
       await uninstallAction!(mockContext, '');
       expect(mockContext.ui.addItem).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
         type: MessageType.ERROR,
-        text: 'Usage: /extensions uninstall <extension-name>',
+        text: 'Usage: /extensions uninstall <extension-names...>|--all',
       });
       expect(mockUninstallExtension).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     });
@@ -892,7 +892,7 @@ describe('extensionsCommand', () => {
     });
   });
 
-  describe('restart', () => {
+  describe('reload', () => {
     let restartAction: SlashCommand['action'];
     let mockRestartExtension: MockedFunction<
       typeof ExtensionLoader.prototype.restartExtension
@@ -900,7 +900,7 @@ describe('extensionsCommand', () => {
 
     beforeEach(() => {
       restartAction = extensionsCommand().subCommands?.find(
-        (c) => c.name === 'restart',
+        (c) => c.name === 'reload',
       )?.action;
       expect(restartAction).not.toBeNull();
 
@@ -911,7 +911,7 @@ describe('extensionsCommand', () => {
           getExtensions: mockGetExtensions,
           restartExtension: mockRestartExtension,
         }));
-      mockContext.invocation!.name = 'restart';
+      mockContext.invocation!.name = 'reload';
     });
 
     it('should show a message if no extensions are installed', async () => {
@@ -930,7 +930,7 @@ describe('extensionsCommand', () => {
       });
     });
 
-    it('restarts all active extensions when --all is provided', async () => {
+    it('reloads all active extensions when --all is provided', async () => {
       const mockExtensions = [
         { name: 'ext1', isActive: true },
         { name: 'ext2', isActive: true },
@@ -946,13 +946,13 @@ describe('extensionsCommand', () => {
       expect(mockContext.ui.addItem).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
         expect.objectContaining({
           type: MessageType.INFO,
-          text: 'Restarting 2 extensions...',
+          text: 'Reloading 2 extensions...',
         }),
       );
       expect(mockContext.ui.addItem).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
         expect.objectContaining({
           type: MessageType.INFO,
-          text: '2 extensions restarted successfully.',
+          text: '2 extensions reloaded successfully',
         }),
       );
       expect(mockContext.ui.dispatchExtensionStateUpdate).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
@@ -986,7 +986,7 @@ describe('extensionsCommand', () => {
       );
     });
 
-    it('restarts only specified active extensions', async () => {
+    it('reloads only specified active extensions', async () => {
       const mockExtensions = [
         { name: 'ext1', isActive: false },
         { name: 'ext2', isActive: true },
@@ -1024,13 +1024,13 @@ describe('extensionsCommand', () => {
       expect(mockContext.ui.addItem).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
         expect.objectContaining({
           type: MessageType.ERROR,
-          text: 'Usage: /extensions restart <extension-names>|--all',
+          text: 'Usage: /extensions reload <extension-names>|--all',
         }),
       );
       expect(mockRestartExtension).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
     });
 
-    it('handles errors during extension restart', async () => {
+    it('handles errors during extension reload', async () => {
       const mockExtensions = [
         { name: 'ext1', isActive: true },
       ] as GeminiCLIExtension[];
@@ -1043,7 +1043,7 @@ describe('extensionsCommand', () => {
       expect(mockContext.ui.addItem).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
         expect.objectContaining({
           type: MessageType.ERROR,
-          text: 'Failed to restart some extensions:\n  ext1: Failed to restart',
+          text: 'Failed to reload some extensions:\n  ext1: Failed to restart',
         }),
       );
     });
@@ -1066,7 +1066,7 @@ describe('extensionsCommand', () => {
       );
     });
 
-    it('does not restart any extensions if none are found', async () => {
+    it('does not reload any extensions if none are found', async () => {
       const mockExtensions = [
         { name: 'ext1', isActive: true },
       ] as GeminiCLIExtension[];
@@ -1083,8 +1083,8 @@ describe('extensionsCommand', () => {
       );
     });
 
-    it('should suggest only enabled extension names for the restart command', async () => {
-      mockContext.invocation!.name = 'restart';
+    it('should suggest only enabled extension names for the reload command', async () => {
+      mockContext.invocation!.name = 'reload';
       const mockExtensions = [
         { name: 'ext1', isActive: true },
         { name: 'ext2', isActive: false },

packages/cli/src/ui/commands/extensionsCommand.ts

@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ async function restartAction(
   if (!all && names?.length === 0) {
     context.ui.addItem({
       type: MessageType.ERROR,
-      text: 'Usage: /extensions restart <extension-names>|--all',
+      text: 'Usage: /extensions reload <extension-names>|--all',
     });
     return Promise.resolve();
   }
@@ -208,12 +208,12 @@ async function restartAction(
 
   const s = extensionsToRestart.length > 1 ? 's' : '';
 
-  const restartingMessage = {
+  const reloadingMessage = {
     type: MessageType.INFO,
-    text: `Restarting ${extensionsToRestart.length} extension${s}...`,
+    text: `Reloading ${extensionsToRestart.length} extension${s}...`,
     color: theme.text.primary,
   };
-  context.ui.addItem(restartingMessage);
+  context.ui.addItem(reloadingMessage);
 
   const results = await Promise.allSettled(
     extensionsToRestart.map(async (extension) => {
@@ -254,12 +254,12 @@ async function restartAction(
       .join('\n  ');
     context.ui.addItem({
       type: MessageType.ERROR,
-      text: `Failed to restart some extensions:\n  ${errorMessages}`,
+      text: `Failed to reload some extensions:\n  ${errorMessages}`,
     });
   } else {
     const infoItem: HistoryItemInfo = {
       type: MessageType.INFO,
-      text: `${extensionsToRestart.length} extension${s} restarted successfully.`,
+      text: `${extensionsToRestart.length} extension${s} reloaded successfully`,
       icon: emptyIcon,
       color: theme.text.primary,
     };
@@ -594,33 +594,53 @@ async function uninstallAction(context: CommandContext, args: string) {
     return;
   }
 
-  const name = args.trim();
-  if (!name) {
+  const uninstallArgs = args.split(' ').filter((value) => value.length > 0);
+  const all = uninstallArgs.includes('--all');
+  const names = uninstallArgs.filter((a) => !a.startsWith('--'));
+
+  if (!all && names.length === 0) {
     context.ui.addItem({
       type: MessageType.ERROR,
-      text: `Usage: /extensions uninstall <extension-name>`,
+      text: `Usage: /extensions uninstall <extension-names...>|--all`,
     });
     return;
   }
 
-  context.ui.addItem({
-    type: MessageType.INFO,
-    text: `Uninstalling extension "${name}"...`,
-  });
+  let namesToUninstall: string[] = [];
+  if (all) {
+    namesToUninstall = extensionLoader.getExtensions().map((ext) => ext.name);
+  } else {
+    namesToUninstall = names;
+  }
 
-  try {
-    await extensionLoader.uninstallExtension(name, false);
+  if (namesToUninstall.length === 0) {
     context.ui.addItem({
       type: MessageType.INFO,
-      text: `Extension "${name}" uninstalled successfully.`,
+      text: all ? 'No extensions installed.' : 'No extension name provided.',
     });
-  } catch (error) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  for (const extensionName of namesToUninstall) {
     context.ui.addItem({
-      type: MessageType.ERROR,
-      text: `Failed to uninstall extension "${name}": ${getErrorMessage(
-        error,
-      )}`,
+      type: MessageType.INFO,
+      text: `Uninstalling extension "${extensionName}"...`,
     });
+
+    try {
+      await extensionLoader.uninstallExtension(extensionName, false);
+      context.ui.addItem({
+        type: MessageType.INFO,
+        text: `Extension "${extensionName}" uninstalled successfully.`,
+      });
+    } catch (error) {
+      context.ui.addItem({
+        type: MessageType.ERROR,
+        text: `Failed to uninstall extension "${extensionName}": ${getErrorMessage(
+          error,
+        )}`,
+      });
+    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -709,7 +729,8 @@ export function completeExtensions(
   }
   if (
     context.invocation?.name === 'disable' ||
-    context.invocation?.name === 'restart'
+    context.invocation?.name === 'restart' ||
+    context.invocation?.name === 'reload'
   ) {
     extensions = extensions.filter((ext) => ext.isActive);
   }
@@ -804,9 +825,10 @@ const exploreExtensionsCommand: SlashCommand = {
   action: exploreAction,
 };
 
-const restartCommand: SlashCommand = {
-  name: 'restart',
-  description: 'Restart all extensions',
+const reloadCommand: SlashCommand = {
+  name: 'reload',
+  altNames: ['restart'],
+  description: 'Reload all extensions',
   kind: CommandKind.BUILT_IN,
   autoExecute: false,
   action: restartAction,
@@ -843,7 +865,7 @@ export function extensionsCommand(
       listExtensionsCommand,
       updateExtensionsCommand,
       exploreExtensionsCommand,
-      restartCommand,
+      reloadCommand,
       ...conditionalCommands,
     ],
     action: (context, args) =>

packages/cli/src/ui/commands/mcpCommand.ts

@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ const authCommand: SlashCommand = {
       return {
         type: 'message',
         messageType: 'info',
-        content: `Successfully authenticated and refreshed tools for '${serverName}'.`,
+        content: `Successfully authenticated and reloaded tools for '${serverName}'`,
       };
     } catch (error) {
       return {
@@ -325,10 +325,10 @@ const schemaCommand: SlashCommand = {
   action: (context) => listAction(context, true, true),
 };
 
-const refreshCommand: SlashCommand = {
-  name: 'refresh',
-  altNames: ['reload'],
-  description: 'Restarts MCP servers',
+const reloadCommand: SlashCommand = {
+  name: 'reload',
+  altNames: ['refresh'],
+  description: 'Reloads MCP servers',
   kind: CommandKind.BUILT_IN,
   autoExecute: true,
   action: async (
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ const refreshCommand: SlashCommand = {
 
     context.ui.addItem({
       type: 'info',
-      text: 'Restarting MCP servers...',
+      text: 'Reloading MCP servers...',
     });
 
     await mcpClientManager.restart();
@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ async function handleEnableDisable(
   const mcpClientManager = config.getMcpClientManager();
   if (mcpClientManager) {
     context.ui.addItem(
-      { type: 'info', text: 'Restarting MCP servers...' },
+      { type: 'info', text: 'Reloading MCP servers...' },
       Date.now(),
     );
     await mcpClientManager.restart();
@@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ export const mcpCommand: SlashCommand = {
     descCommand,
     schemaCommand,
     authCommand,
-    refreshCommand,
+    reloadCommand,
     enableCommand,
     disableCommand,
   ],

packages/cli/src/ui/commands/memoryCommand.test.ts

@@ -39,13 +39,13 @@ vi.mock('@google/gemini-cli-core', async (importOriginal) => {
         return {
           type: 'message',
           messageType: 'info',
-          content: `Memory refreshed successfully. Loaded ${memoryContent.length} characters from ${fileCount} file(s).`,
+          content: `Memory reloaded successfully. Loaded ${memoryContent.length} characters from ${fileCount} file(s).`,
         };
       }
       return {
         type: 'message',
         messageType: 'info',
-        content: 'Memory refreshed successfully.',
+        content: 'Memory reloaded successfully.',
       };
     }),
     showMemory: vi.fn(),
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ describe('memoryCommand', () => {
   let mockContext: CommandContext;
 
   const getSubCommand = (
-    name: 'show' | 'add' | 'refresh' | 'list',
+    name: 'show' | 'add' | 'reload' | 'list',
   ): SlashCommand => {
     const subCommand = memoryCommand.subCommands?.find(
       (cmd) => cmd.name === name,
@@ -206,15 +206,15 @@ describe('memoryCommand', () => {
     });
   });
 
-  describe('/memory refresh', () => {
-    let refreshCommand: SlashCommand;
+  describe('/memory reload', () => {
+    let reloadCommand: SlashCommand;
     let mockSetUserMemory: Mock;
     let mockSetGeminiMdFileCount: Mock;
     let mockSetGeminiMdFilePaths: Mock;
     let mockContextManagerRefresh: Mock;
 
     beforeEach(() => {
-      refreshCommand = getSubCommand('refresh');
+      reloadCommand = getSubCommand('reload');
       mockSetUserMemory = vi.fn();
       mockSetGeminiMdFileCount = vi.fn();
       mockSetGeminiMdFilePaths = vi.fn();
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ describe('memoryCommand', () => {
     });
 
     it('should use ContextManager.refresh when JIT is enabled', async () => {
-      if (!refreshCommand.action) throw new Error('Command has no action');
+      if (!reloadCommand.action) throw new Error('Command has no action');
 
       // Enable JIT in mock config
       const config = mockContext.services.config;
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ describe('memoryCommand', () => {
       vi.mocked(config.getUserMemory).mockReturnValue('JIT Memory Content');
       vi.mocked(config.getGeminiMdFileCount).mockReturnValue(3);
 
-      await refreshCommand.action(mockContext, '');
+      await reloadCommand.action(mockContext, '');
 
       expect(mockContextManagerRefresh).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
       expect(mockRefreshServerHierarchicalMemory).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
@@ -284,29 +284,29 @@ describe('memoryCommand', () => {
       expect(mockContext.ui.addItem).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
         {
           type: MessageType.INFO,
-          text: 'Memory refreshed successfully. Loaded 18 characters from 3 file(s).',
+          text: 'Memory reloaded successfully. Loaded 18 characters from 3 file(s).',
         },
         expect.any(Number),
       );
     });
 
-    it('should display success message when memory is refreshed with content (Legacy)', async () => {
-      if (!refreshCommand.action) throw new Error('Command has no action');
+    it('should display success message when memory is reloaded with content (Legacy)', async () => {
+      if (!reloadCommand.action) throw new Error('Command has no action');
 
       const successMessage = {
         type: 'message',
         messageType: MessageType.INFO,
         content:
-          'Memory refreshed successfully. Loaded 18 characters from 2 file(s).',
+          'Memory reloaded successfully. Loaded 18 characters from 2 file(s).',
       };
       mockRefreshMemory.mockResolvedValue(successMessage);
 
-      await refreshCommand.action(mockContext, '');
+      await reloadCommand.action(mockContext, '');
 
       expect(mockContext.ui.addItem).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
         {
           type: MessageType.INFO,
-          text: 'Refreshing memory from source files...',
+          text: 'Reloading memory from source files...',
         },
         expect.any(Number),
       );
@@ -316,42 +316,42 @@ describe('memoryCommand', () => {
       expect(mockContext.ui.addItem).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
         {
           type: MessageType.INFO,
-          text: 'Memory refreshed successfully. Loaded 18 characters from 2 file(s).',
+          text: 'Memory reloaded successfully. Loaded 18 characters from 2 file(s).',
         },
         expect.any(Number),
       );
     });
 
-    it('should display success message when memory is refreshed with no content', async () => {
-      if (!refreshCommand.action) throw new Error('Command has no action');
+    it('should display success message when memory is reloaded with no content', async () => {
+      if (!reloadCommand.action) throw new Error('Command has no action');
 
       const successMessage = {
         type: 'message',
         messageType: MessageType.INFO,
-        content: 'Memory refreshed successfully. No memory content found.',
+        content: 'Memory reloaded successfully. No memory content found.',
       };
       mockRefreshMemory.mockResolvedValue(successMessage);
 
-      await refreshCommand.action(mockContext, '');
+      await reloadCommand.action(mockContext, '');
 
       expect(mockRefreshMemory).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
 
       expect(mockContext.ui.addItem).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
         {
           type: MessageType.INFO,
-          text: 'Memory refreshed successfully. No memory content found.',
+          text: 'Memory reloaded successfully. No memory content found.',
         },
         expect.any(Number),
       );
     });
 
-    it('should display an error message if refreshing fails', async () => {
-      if (!refreshCommand.action) throw new Error('Command has no action');
+    it('should display an error message if reloading fails', async () => {
+      if (!reloadCommand.action) throw new Error('Command has no action');
 
       const error = new Error('Failed to read memory files.');
       mockRefreshMemory.mockRejectedValue(error);
 
-      await refreshCommand.action(mockContext, '');
+      await reloadCommand.action(mockContext, '');
 
       expect(mockRefreshMemory).toHaveBeenCalledOnce();
       expect(mockSetUserMemory).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
@@ -361,27 +361,27 @@ describe('memoryCommand', () => {
       expect(mockContext.ui.addItem).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
         {
           type: MessageType.ERROR,
-          text: `Error refreshing memory: ${error.message}`,
+          text: `Error reloading memory: ${error.message}`,
         },
         expect.any(Number),
       );
     });
 
     it('should not throw if config service is unavailable', async () => {
-      if (!refreshCommand.action) throw new Error('Command has no action');
+      if (!reloadCommand.action) throw new Error('Command has no action');
 
       const nullConfigContext = createMockCommandContext({
         services: { config: null },
       });
 
       await expect(
-        refreshCommand.action(nullConfigContext, ''),
+        reloadCommand.action(nullConfigContext, ''),
       ).resolves.toBeUndefined();
 
       expect(nullConfigContext.ui.addItem).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
         {
           type: MessageType.INFO,
-          text: 'Refreshing memory from source files...',
+          text: 'Reloading memory from source files...',
         },
         expect.any(Number),
       );

packages/cli/src/ui/commands/memoryCommand.ts

@@ -63,16 +63,16 @@ export const memoryCommand: SlashCommand = {
       },
     },
     {
-      name: 'refresh',
-      altNames: ['reload'],
-      description: 'Refresh the memory from the source',
+      name: 'reload',
+      altNames: ['refresh'],
+      description: 'Reload the memory from the source',
       kind: CommandKind.BUILT_IN,
       autoExecute: true,
       action: async (context) => {
         context.ui.addItem(
           {
             type: MessageType.INFO,
-            text: 'Refreshing memory from source files...',
+            text: 'Reloading memory from source files...',
           },
           Date.now(),
         );
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ export const memoryCommand: SlashCommand = {
             {
               type: MessageType.ERROR,
               // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-type-assertion
-              text: `Error refreshing memory: ${(error as Error).message}`,
+              text: `Error reloading memory: ${(error as Error).message}`,
             },
             Date.now(),
           );